Brocade pterigoplicht (mwanjira ina amatchedwa: magazade catfish) ndi nsomba yokongola kwambiri, yolimba komanso yayikulu, yowoneka ngati zombo zoyenda panyanja.

Mwachilengedwe, zolengedwa izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali masentimita 50. Thupi lawo limakhala lalitali, ndipo mitu yawo ndi yayikulu. Thupi la nyama zam'madzi, kupatula pamimba yosalala, yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi mafupa, maso ndi ochepa komanso okwera.

Monga zikuwonekera chithunzi brosha pterygoplychitis, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe awo ndi ndalama yokongola komanso yapamwamba, yomwe imakonda kutalika kuposa masentimita khumi ndi awiri.

Kupaka utoto wa mphaka kumakondweretsa aliyense. Kukongoletsa koteroko kumatchedwa kambuku, ndiye kuti, malo akulu owoneka, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima: akuda, abulauni, azitona, amwazikana ponseponse (pamaso achikasu).

Mitundu yoloweka imangokhala osati pathupi la cholengedwa cham'madzi, komanso zipsepse ndi mchira. Pakati bulosha nsomba Maalubino amapezekanso, mawanga awo amazimiririka kapena samakhala osiyana ndi mbiri yonse. Monga lamulo, mtundu wowala umapezeka mwa achichepere, ali ndi zaka, mitundu imatha.

Malo omwe zolengedwa zoterezi zimabadwira ndi ku South America, ndendende, madzi ofunda ku Brazil ndi Peru, komwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi abwino okhala ndi chingwe chaching'ono. Nthawi yachilala, nthawi zambiri amakwiriridwa ndi silt ndipo munthaka amapezeka obisalira, ndipo amangodzuka nthawi yamvula ikayamba.

Kusamalira ndi mtengo brosha pterigoplichitis

Katemera wa Catfish pterigoplicht abwino kwa oyambira oyenda m'madzi, popeza kusamalira zolengedwa kulibe kovuta konse. Kuti muthe kukonza bwino, muyenera kungoganizira zina mwazinthu zachilengedwe.

Awa ndi nsomba - okhala m'mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi ofunda komanso oyera. Mbedza zam'madzi zimazolowera kukhala m'matupi amadzi othamanga, chifukwa chake zimafunikira malo oyambira komanso kupatsa chidwi. Popeza zolengedwa izi ndizambiri, madzi am'madzi amadzidetsa ndipo amafunika kusefa.

Simungachite popanda kuwunikira kowonjezera. Aquarium imadzazidwa ndi madzi a hardness yochepa, kutentha pang'ono kuposa 30 ° C, omwe amasinthidwa pafupipafupi osachepera 25% tsiku lililonse. Awa ndi asodzi ausiku, chifukwa chake amafunikira malo ogumulira masana.

Pakadali pano, ndizotheka kugula nsomba pafupifupi zana zomwe zimatchedwa: magazade pterigoplicht. Zamoyo zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu, ndipo gulu lake silinakhalepo.

Koma timabuku ta zenizeni za m'mabuku timatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi "chinyengo" cha dorsal fin, yomwe imakhala ndi madambo pafupifupi 12, ndipo nthawi zina kuphatikiza apo. Sikovuta kugula zoweta ngati izi m'masitolo a ziweto, ndipo masiku ano nsomba zazing'onozing'ono ndizodziwika kwambiri.

Cholinga cha izi ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso zosavuta zosamalira. Mtengo wa Brocade pterigoplicht nthawi zambiri pafupifupi ma ruble 200. Ziweto zoterezi zimafunikira malo amoyo wawo. Nthawi zambiri, kupeza nsomba ngati izi mu nthawi yocheperako, eni eni sangakhale ndi chidwi ndi momwe nsomba zotere zimulira. nsomba zopanda mamba.

Brocade pterygoplychitis Nthawi zambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma nthawi ikafika, manambala amakula kwambiri ku malo ocheperako am'madzi. Chifukwa chake, poyambira nsomba zoterezi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti adzafuna "nyumba" yokhala ndi madzi osachepera 400 malita, ndipo nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo.

Brocade pterigoplicht zakudya

Mwachilengedwe, nyama zam'madzi izi zimasungidwa m'magulu ndipo zimadyera limodzi. Kugona kwa Brocade ndi cholengedwa chomwe chimagwira makamaka usiku, kotero ziweto izi zimayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi ino yamasana. Ndikofunika kuchita njira yodyetsera musanazimitse magetsi.

Njira zodyetsera timabuku tatsamba tambiri ndizodabwitsa kwambiri; nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo azitsamba ngati oyeretsa am'madzi. Zamoyo izi zimadya mosalephera, ndipo zochulukirapo, zimangosefukira mwachangu ndi chilichonse mwachangu njira yake.

Akuluakulu amatha kubzala mbewu ndi mizu yofooka, monga lemongrass ndi sinema, ndikuzigwira ndi liwiro la mphezi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mukamaweta nsomba, kuti apange malo abwino kwa iwo ndikuwapatsa mavitamini ofunikira, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi algae yambiri m'malo omwe amabala.

Ikasungidwa mu malo am'madzi, ndikofunikira kuyikamo tirigu, chifukwa malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri ndi zolengedwa zamadzimadzi ndikukutenga kwa mitundu yambiri kuchokera kwa iwo. Mutha kunenanso kuti njira zoterezi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zawo, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi nsomba za mphaka zimalandila, zofunikira pakupukusa, cellulose.

Koma simungathe popanda kudyetsa kowonjezera. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zam'mera, zomwe zimapanga pafupifupi 80% ya zakudya, nsomba za mphaka zimayenera kuperekedwa mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya za nyama.

Mwa masamba, zukini, nkhaka, kaloti ndi sipinachi ndizoyenera bwino ngati chakudya. Mwa mitundu ya chakudya chamoyo ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi zamagazi, nyongolotsi ndi shrimp. Zonsezi ndizosungidwa bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, sikwabwino kuphatikiza chakudya choyenera cha nsomba zamkati pakudya kwa nsomba izi.

Kubwezeretsanso komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo wa bulosha pterigoplichitis

Samphaka amphaka, monga lamulo, ndi okulirapo kuposa zazikazi, ndipo amakhala ndi zipsepse pamipini ya pectoral. Omwe akudziwa bwino aberekawo amatha kusiyanitsa amuna okhwima ndi kukhalapo kwa maliseche aakazi achikazi.

Kuswana nsomba zoterezi m'madzimo kunyumba sizotheka. Zovuta zimalumikizidwa ndi zodabwitsa za kupangika, momwe zimapangidwira mu kubala mwachilengedwe catfish ikufunikira kwambiri makatani akuwunikira, omwe izi zimadutsana ndi silt.

Kuchokera nthawi yobwera mwachangu, amphaka amtundu wamtchire amakhalabe m'mizere yomwe tatchulayi, kuteteza ana awo. Nsombazi zimagulitsidwa kuti zizigulitsidwa m'masitolo azinyama zokha pama famu omwe ali ndi zida zapadera. Pakucheka, nsomba zimayikidwa m'madziwe, pomwe pali dothi lochuluka.

Izi ndizoyambira zazitali, ndipo m'malo abwino zimakhala ndi 15, ndipo zimachitika kuti mpaka zaka 20. Asomali ndi olimba mokwanira mwachilengedwe ndipo amathana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma thanzi lawo limatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamafuta m'madzi, momwe ntchito yawo yofunika imachitikira.

Asilamu ndi amtendere kwambiri, pakuwona izi, amatha kuyanjana ndi mitundu yambiri, omwe ndiwotsika kwambiri. yogwirizana brosha pterigoplichta ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi.

Komabe, amakhala bwino ndi omwe amakhala nawo, omwe amakhala nawo chifukwa chocheza nawo nthawi yayitali. Pokambirana ndi nsomba zosadziwika, ngakhale abale awo, amatha kukhala ankhanza ndikumenya nkhondo zoopsa pagawo.

Pankhondo ena mwa iwo omwe amakhala ma bulange catfish amakhala ndi chidwi chofalitsa zipsepse zamakutu, pomwe akuwonekera pang'ono kukula. Mwachilengedwe, nyumbayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa m'malo otere nkovuta kuti mdani aliyense wameza nsomba zotere.

Achimomani ndi nsomba zazikulu, kotero oyandikana nawo mu aquarium ayeneranso kukula kwake. Awa atha kukhala polypteruses, gourami wamkulu, mipeni ya nsomba ndi ma cichlids akuluakulu.

Kupanga kwakukulu kumathandiza kuti nsomba za Catfish zizigwirizana ngakhale ndiomwe zimayandikana, zomwe zimachita mwachiwonekere zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, owononga nsomba otchuka ngati nyanga yamaluwa. Ndipo posankha pobisalira m'madzi, catfish imawateteza modzitchinjiriza kwa otsutsa ena. Amavulaza olakwira nthawi zambiri, koma amatha kuwopsa alendo osadziwika.

Inde, timabati tambiri timene timagwiritsa ntchito makamaka zakudya zamasamba. Koma nsomba zotere, popeza zimakhalanso zigolowe, zimatha kuyamwa zimayambitsa mavuto kwa oyandikana nawo, zimadya masikelo ausiku kuchokera kumbali za scal, discus ndi nsomba zina zazing'onoting'ono komanso zosalala.

Amakhulupirira kuti timapepala ta padeigoplicht mu aquarium yokhala ndi golide ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Koma zambiri ngati izi sizowona konse. Zoyenera kutsimikizira kuti mitundu iwiri ya nsomba ilipo ndiyabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta.

Nthawi zambiri nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zimatola zotsalazo pansi panthaka pambuyo poti anthu oyandikana nawo azimaliza. Izi ndi zolengedwa pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti akwanira bwino kuti athe kupitilizidwa ndi ena okhala m'madzimo. Chosangalatsa cha nyama izi ndi katundu wawo nthawi zina, kutulutsidwa m'madzi, ndikupanga mawu osokosera omwe akuwopseza olakwira.

Zina zambiri

Brocade pterygoplicht (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps) ndi wa banja la ma catfish-makatoni, m'modzi mwa oimira ake akuluakulu.

Ngakhale ndi kukula kwake, pterigoplichitis ndi nsomba yokonda mtendere. Ndipo chidwi chawo chazinyama ndizochepa kwambiri chilengedwe. Izi nsomba zabwino kuthandiza mukulimbana ndi zophuka algae pamakoma a aquarium.

Amakhala usiku kwambiri. Mukasungidwa ndi mitundu yokhudzana kwambiri, ma skragves amatha, pomwe mawonekedwe osangalatsa amawonedwa - pterygoplychitis imakweza dorsal ndikufalitsa zipsepse zamtundu mbali zonse. Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimanyenga zilombo, zomwe zimawonjezera kukula kwake.

Mu nyengo zachilengedwe, nthawi yamvula, pterigoplichitis imatha kuyikidwa pansi ndikubisidwa nthawi yamvula isanayambe. Komanso, nsomba zamatumbozi zimadziwika ndi kupuma kwamatumbo: ndikusowa kwa mpweya, nsomba imatha kumeza mpweya pamwamba pamadzi ndikuyamwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera matumbo.

Kutulutsidwa m'madzi, pterygoplychitis imatha kupanga mawu ofunda. Amakhulupirira kuti izi ndizofananso kuzisintha kuti ziwopseze omwe amadya.

Mawonekedwe

Mtundu wamtunduwu umawonetsa bwino momwe zimasiyanitsira nsomba. Pterygos - "mapiko", hoplon - otchedwa chishango cha Agiriki akale, ichthys - "nsomba", gibbiceps - "hump pamutu".

Brofish catfish imakhala ndi thupi lokwera, lopendekera pang'ono pamwamba. Thupi lonse, kupatula pamimba, limakutidwa ndi mafupa owopsa. Mutu ndi waukulu, wokhala ndi mphuno. Pakamwa pake timasinthidwa kukhala kapu yayikulu, mothandizidwa ndi momwe nsomba zimakhalira pamtondo. Ndi champhamvu kwambiri kotero kuti sizingatheke kung'amba nsomba popanda kuwonongeka. Pansi pa makapu oyamwa pakamwa pali tinyanga tating'ono.

Brocade pterigoplicht mutu

Maso ndi ochepa, ali pamwamba pamutu. Amapangidwa mwanjira yoti nsomba sizowona zomwe zikuchitika kutsogolo kwake, komanso zimatha kuwona momwe zimakhalira kumbuyo kapena kumbali. Danga lokha pamwamba pa nsomba ndi lomwe limatsalira pamalo pomwepo.

Malipiro a dorsal ndi akulu, ngati bwato, ali ndi kuwala kosachepera khumi ndi awiri. Pectorals amafanana ndi mapiko ndipo amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi m'mimba. Amphamvu kwambiri ndipo amathandiza nsomba kuti zikumbe pansi.

Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi chokoleti kapena pafupifupi wakuda, wokhala ndi mizere yambiri ya beige yomwe imapanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi khungu la nyalugwe. Ndi zaka, amatha kuzimiririka ndikutha. Pali mitundu ya alubino.

Zipsepse za pectoral nazonso ndizazikulu, zopangidwa ndi mafupa akuda, zomwe zimathandiza catfish kukumba pansi.

M'mikhalidwe yoyenera, catfish catfish imatha kukula mpaka 50 cm.

Habitat

Malo obadwira pterigoplichitis ndi South America. Amatha kupezeka mumtsinje wa Amazon, Orinoco, mitsinje ya ku Brazil ya Shingu ndi Tefe. Nsomba zimakonda mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono, khalani makamaka pamtunda wosaya malo omwe mumakhala silt kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri muzisonkhana m'magulu akulu. Munthawi yamvula amakhala olimba komanso ogwirira ntchito - amadya zamasamba ndi zovunda. M'nthawi yadzuwa, amakumba dothi lonyowa ndikubisala kuti apulumuke.

Pakadali pano, zimagawidwa mdziko la Asia, kuchokera komwe zimaperekedwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Kusamalira ndi kukonza

Pterigoplicht ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, kuchuluka kochepa kokhala munthu m'modzi kumakhala ndi malita 250. Mchenga wozungulira kapena miyala yaying'ono ndiyabwino ngati dothi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa malo osungira osiyanasiyana mu aquarium: m'mapanga omwe amapangidwa ndi miyala, ma ceramic kapena mapaipi apulasitiki. Payenera kukhala nkhonya zachilengedwe. Pambuyo podya, pterygoplichtys kupeza cellulose yofunika chimbudzi.

Pterygoplychitis imakuthandizani kuti muzikhala oyera mu aquarium

Aquarium iyenera kukhala ndi fyuluta yakunja ndi compressor, nsomba ngati madzi oyera a oxygen. M'pofunika kutchera khutu kuti kupuma kwamatumbo sikungalowe m'malo mwa kuthandizira. Ngati pterigoplicht nthawi zambiri imatulukira gawo lamlengalenga, ndiye kuti pali vuto ndi zomwe zili ndi okosijeni mu aquarium. Komanso, sakonda nsomba zamphamvu. Tisaiwale za kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse (mpaka 30%).

Magawo abwino a madzi pazomwe zalembedwa: T = 22-26, pH = 6.5-7.5 GH = 2-15.

Mukamasankha mbewu, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti pterigoplichts ikhoza kukumba chomera chilichonse cha m'madzi, motero ndibwino kukhazikika pazomera zomwe zili ndi mizu yoyambira: cryptocorynes, apono-mabatani, ndi wallisneria. Ayenera kuphedwa miyala. Ndi chakudya choperewera, mbewu zimatha kuvutika.

Kugwirizana

Pterigoplichtys ndi nsomba zokonda mtendere, koma sichingakhale cholakwika kukokolola tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwa iwo, amatha kukhala ovulala mwangozi chimphona. Ndikwabwino kukhala pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo: ma cichlids, polytheruses, gourami wamkulu. Ngakhale Nyanga yomwe imawononga maluwa onse sangachite chilichonse pterigoplicht.

Mbedza zamtchire ndizodzipereka m'gawo lawo ndipo zimathamangitsa alendo osafunikira. Mkangano ungabuke, choyamba, ndi abale awo, mitundu yogwirizana kwambiri (suppistruses), gerinoheylus.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo wam'madzi ndizaka 20.

Kudyetsa Pterigoplichitis

Pa kukula kwathunthu ndi chitukuko cha pterygoplychitis, zakudya zawo zizikhala ndi chomera (80%) ndi chakudya cha nyama (20%). Akatswiri ena am'madzi amakonda kudyetsa nsomba izi ndi masamba ndi zitsamba zachilengedwe: zukini, sipinachi, kaloti, nkhaka. Zoyipa zamadyetsowa ndizowopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azisokonekera chifukwa cha chakudya chosakwanira. Pterigoplichitis sichingakane ku chakudya chachilengedwe cha nyama: magazi, chifuwax, koma osavomerezeka kudyetsa nsomba ndi chakudya chamoyo, i.e. amatha kuyambitsa matenda m'madzi.

Zakudya zouma ndi zabwino kwa bulange catfish. Mwachitsanzo, Tetra Pleco SpirulinaWafers. Chifukwa cha ukadaulo wamakono, zinatheka kuphatikiza magawo awiri piritsi limodzi: chakudya chochuluka cha protein komanso spirulina algae. Mapiritsiwo amayamba kumira pansi ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali amasungabe mawonekedwe awo. Ndizabwino kwa ana komanso akulu a nsomba zamtchire.

Kuti tisiyanitse kadyedwe, timalimbikitsa kupereka Tetra Pleco Veggie Wafers catfish - mapiritsi okhala ndi zukini kuti azikhala bwino ndi nsomba.

Tetra Pleco Mapiritsi ndi piritsi lodziwika bwino, chakudya chokwanira chonse cha mitundu yonse ya nsomba zam'madzi za herbivorous. Amalemekezedwa ndi spirulina komanso zamadzi am'madzi, zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yonse yofunikira.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti m'madzi momwe mumapezeka madzi othinana ndi pterygoplichts, ndikulikanda, bulosha la catfish limapatsa cellulose yoyenera kugaya chimbudzi.

Mu aquarium yokhala ndi pterygoplychts, mabatani

Ndikofunika kudyetsa nsomba mukazimitsa magetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anansi omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri samasokoneza chakudya.

Chifukwa cha chikondi chawo chapadera cha algae, pterygoprichlata adzakhala othandizira abwino pakusungitsa ukhondo wam'madzi.

Kuswana ndi kuswana

Kukhwima mu kugonana kwa pterygoplychitis kumachitika pazaka pafupifupi zitatu. Pakadali pano, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimafika pamasentimita 15 mpaka 20. Njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira jenda ndi mtundu wa papilla.

Kubereketsa brosha la katemera mu aquarium yakunyumba sizotheka. Inde, mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimakumba timiyala tambiri tating'ono, momwe timayikira mazira. Pambuyo pake amuna amateteza mwachangu. Kubwezeretsanso mavuto oterewa ndikovuta. M'mafamu a nsomba, ma pterygoplichte amaikidwa m'madziwe apadera.

Kutulutsa kumachitika usiku. Wamkazi mmodzi amatha kuyikira mazira 120-500. Mwachangu amadziwika ndi mtundu wa imvi wokhala ndi madontho akuda ndipo, atayambiranso gawo la yolk sac, amadyetsedwa ndi mapiritsi a catfish.