Ice nsomba (lat. Champsocephalus mfuti,, kapena pike yoyera yokhala ndi khungu loyera, chozizwitsa chozizwitsa. Nsombazi zimakhala ndi moyo m'madzi ozizira kwambiri, kutentha kwake komwe kumakhala kosaposa madigiri Celsius.

Chinsinsi cha kupirira kotere ndi chosavuta - magazi a nsomba oundana ali ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amalepheretsa kuzizira. Mwazi wa nsomba zamtunduwu mulibe utoto - mulibe chitsulo chokwanira ndipo mulibe maselo ofiira am'magazi, chifukwa chake hemoglobin, yomwe imapangitsa magazi kukhala ofiira. Nsomba za ayezi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo popanda hemoglobin chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'madzi ozizira am'nyanja.

Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, nsomba izi zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu za moyo wake, nsomba za ma ice zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Ma papa okhala ndi magazi oyera amakhala m'madzi akuchapa Antarctica - ku Southern Ocean, kumwera kwa Atlantic ndi Indian Ocean.

Ice nsomba ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimatchedwa nsombagic. M'mawu osavuta, izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukumana ndi kuyandama mosazama kosalekeza, pafupifupi mita 350 kuchokera pamadzi.

Kufotokozera kwa nsomba za ayezi

Ngakhale olembanso ku Norwe m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, nkhani zidafalitsidwa kwambiri kuti m'dera lakutali kwambiri la Antarctic, pafupi ndi chilumba cha South Georgia, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati nsomba okhala ndi magazi opanda khungu. Chifukwa cha izi, anthu am'madzi osadziwika bwino awa amatchedwa "opanda magazi" ndi "ayezi".

Ndizosangalatsa! Masiku ano, malinga ndi machitidwe okhwima amakono, nsomba zokhala ndi magazi oyera kapena nsomba zamadzi oundana zimayikidwa ku Perciform, momwe anthu am'madzi amtunduwu amaimiridwa ndi mitundu khumi ndi imodzi, komanso mitundu khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi.

Komabe, chinsinsi choterechi sichinadzutse chidwi cha asayansi ambiri okayikira, chifukwa chake zinali zotheka kuti ayambe kufufuza za nsomba mkati mwa zaka zapitazi. Gulu la asayansi (taxonomy) lidachitika ndi a Sweden a zojambula za nyama ku Sweden Einar Lenberg.

Maonekedwe, miyeso

Icy ndi nsomba yayikulu. Mwa anthu okhala ku South Georgia, nthumwi zachikulire za nthumwi nthawi zambiri zimafika kutalika kwa 65-66 masentimita, ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 1.0-1.2 kg. Kukula kwakukulu kwa nsomba zomwe zalembedwa mdera la South Georgia kunali 69,5 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 3,2. Dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi malo azilumba za Kerguelen limadziwika ndi malo okhala nsomba okhala ndi kutalika konse kwa thupi osapitilira 45 cm.

Fin dorsal fin imakhala ndi ma ray osinthasintha a 7-16, ndipo yachiwiri ya dorsal fin ina 35-41 yotchingira mawonekedwe. Mu anal fin ya nsomba mumakhala ma ray 35-5. Chimodzi mwa gawo loyambirira la gill ndi kupezeka kwa ma gill 11, pomwe chiwerengero chonse cha vertebrae ndi 58-64.

Nsomba za ayezi zimakhala ndi thupi lotsika ndikuthamangitsa. Msana wa rostral pafupi ndi pamwamba pa mpopeyo ulibe kwathunthu. Mbali yam'munsi ya nsagwada yam'munsi imakhala pamzere womwewo wokhazikika ndi pamwamba pa nsagwada yapamwamba. Kutalika kwa mutu wocheperako ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa kutalika kwa kameneka. M'kamwa mwa nsomba ndi lalikulu, ndipo m'mphepete mwenimweni mwa nsagwada yapamwamba imafika mbali yachitatu ya mbali ya orbital. Maso a nsomba ndi okulirapo, ndipo malo omwe pali mbali zambiri zimadziwikanso m'lifupi.

M'mphepete lakunja la mafupa a pamphumi pamwamba pamaso ndichowoneka bwino, popanda kukhalapo kwa cranulation, osakweza konse. Zipsepse ziwirizi ndi malo otsika, polumikizana ndi zapansi kapena kulekanitsidwa pang'ono ndi danga laling'ono kwambiri. Pa thupi la wokhala m'madzi muli mizere iwiri (yamkati ndi yamkati), popanda mafupa. Zipsepse pamimba ndi zazitali kutalika, ndipo mawonekedwe akulu pakati samafika pamunsi pamapeto a gawo la anal. Malipiro a caudal ali ndi mtundu wosadziwika.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mphepo za caudal, anal ndi dorsal mwa achikulire amtunduwo ndi zakuda kapena zakuda bii, ndipo achichepere amakhala amodzi ndi zipseputu zopepuka.

Mtundu wa nsomba yam'madzi oundana ndi imvi. Kudera lam'mimba mwa thupi lamunthu wokhala m'madzi mumakhala madontho oyera. Dera lakumbuyo ndi mutu wa nsomba zosagwirizana ndi kuzizira ndi zakuda. M'mphepete mwa thupilo mumakhala mikwingwirima yakuda, yopingasa, pomwe mbali zinayi zakuda kwambiri.

Kuphatikizika ndi zopatsa mphamvu za nsomba za ayezi

Ice nsomba imadziwika kuti ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha zomwe zili mmenemo zochuluka za michere yambiri yofunikira kuti thupi la munthu lizigwira ntchito moyenera. Olemera kwambiri ku ayezi ndi cobalt, chromium, ayodini, phosphorous, sulufu ndi mkuwa.

Koma mavitamini omwe amapezeka mu nyama yake, mwatsoka, si ochuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, oimira "odziwika" omwe ali ndi mavitamini ndi mavitamini B1, B2, B6 ndi PP. Ndipo zina sizoyenera kulankhula za - alipo ochepa kwambiri kumeneko.

Koma tiyerekeze mtundu wofunikira wa nsomba za ayisikilimu mu mawonekedwe owoneka - patebulo:

Ubwino wa madzi oundana

Icefish imapezeka kokha m'malo oyera, omwe imatsimikizira chitetezo chake chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito, choyambirira, kwa ana aang'ono (makamaka osapitirira chaka).

Komanso, nsomba za ayezi ziyenera kuphatikizidwanso (posakhala njira ina yabwino) m'zakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chithokomiro, matenda a atherosselosis, matenda oopsa, matenda a mtima, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic chifukwa chosowa mchere m'thupi.

Nsomba za ayezi zimatha kukhala zopanda ntchito kapena zovulaza kokha kwa ana osaposa chaka chimodzi (chifukwa nsomba iliyonse ndi yolimba), komanso kwa anthu ena onse omwe ali ndi "mwayi" kuti aziloletsa nsomba makamaka kapena pike yamizere.

Ntchito Yophika

Zomwe zimapangidwa pakupanga nsomba zamadzi oundana ndizovuta, kuchuluka kwake kukuchepa chaka chilichonse, ndipo sikakulitsidwa mwakapangidwe. Momwemo, mtengo wake ulikulanso, kotero masiku ano pike yamizereyi imayesedwa ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali.

Nyama ya ayezi ndi yofewa, yowonda komanso yosakhala mafuta, imakhala ndi kukoma kwa shrimp ndipo ilibe fungo lililonse la nsomba. Mulibe mafupa mu milozo yamizere, kupatula mzere woonda. Inde, ndikuti pokonzanso koyenera kumakhala kofewa. Nsomba za ayezi ndizochepa pama calorie, chifukwa chake opanga zakudya amawalimbikitsa iwo omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi kapena kukhala onenepa kwambiri.

Nsomba yotere imakonzedwera banja kapena kuwiritsa. Kuphatikiza apo, imaphikidwa mu mafuta kapena kuphika ndi masamba. M'mayiko ena aku Asia, makamaka Japan, imadyedwa ngakhale yaiwisi. Ice nsomba ndiye maziko azakudya zambiri zodyera zomwe zimadabwitsidwa ndi kuphweka kwake komanso kuchokera kwa kukoma: sopo, appetizer, mbale zazikulu, saladi, etc.

M'misika ndi m'masitolo, nsomba za ayezi zimangogulitsidwa mazira. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zimataya zinthu zake zambiri zofunikira pouzanso, chifukwa chake muyenera kuzigula pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha ndikutsimikiza kuti muzilemba pamakalata ndi tsiku lakapangidwira komanso tsiku lomaliza kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kutali kwambiri, m'madzi ozizira pafupi ndi gombe la Antarctica, nsomba yapadera imakhala - ayezi. Tidzaulula Chinsinsi cha kukonzekera kwake pansipa. Koma, choyamba, tinene mawu ochepa osangalatsa onena za mapindidwe a nsomba. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani ili lapadera? M'zaka za m'ma 1800, onyamula nsomba aku Norwe omwe ankapha nsomba ku Antarctic ananena kuti anapeza nsomba ndi magazi opanda khungu. Sanakhulupirire mawu awo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kupatula apo, onse vertebrate ayenera kukhala ndi magazi ofiira. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti pali zosiyana. Kukakamizidwa kumakhala m'malo ovuta, woyimira uyu wa ichthyofauna pakuchita kusinthaku adachotsa maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi hemoglobin m'thupi lake. Koma ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa magazi ofiira. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha mnofu wotumbululuka adatcha nsomba oundana, ndipo banja lonse la zolengedwa zotere limatchedwa loyera. Nsombayi ilinso ndi mayina asayansi. Imatchedwa pike yoyera mizere. Koma mwa anthu dzina loti "nsomba za ayezi" lazika mizu yambiri.

Zopindulitsa

Nyama ya pike yokhala ndi khungu loyera ndi yofewa komanso yolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ma icy samakhala wopanda fungo la nsomba. Pamkamwa, nyama yake yokoma imakumbukira nthawi zina. Mwina chifukwa nsomba zakhala zikudya moyo wawo wonse? Ndipo ayezi alibe mafupa ang'onoang'ono. Msana, nthiti - ndiye mafupa ake onse. Izi zimathandiza kuti tiganizire za Antarctic pike mtundu wamalonda wamalonda. Nsomba za Ice, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosakayikira, ndizopatsa mphamvu zama calorie (magalamu 100 ali ndi 90.6 kcal) yokha. Ndipo si wonenepa. Izi ziyenera kudziwika kwa anthu omwe amasamala za chiwonetserocho. 100 magalamu a nsomba ali ndi magalamu 2.2 okha amafuta. Koma mapuloteni momwemo ndi ambiri - 17%. Izi nsomba muli ambiri cobalt, ayodini, chromium, magnesium, chitsulo, fluorine, phosphorous, sulufu, potaziyamu, mkuwa ndi michere ina wathanzi ndi kufufuza zinthu. Muli mavitamini mmenemo - PP ndi gulu B.

Ndani ayenera kudya nsomba za ayezi

Popeza tili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa za mapuloteni, titha kunena kuti ndizothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso odya. Ndipo michere yambiri yothandiza yomwe imapezeka munyama imapangitsa kuti ikhale chofunikira pakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic, matenda oopsa, atherosclerosis, komanso zolakwika pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Popeza nsomba za ayezi zimapezeka m'madzi osayipitsidwa a Antarctic, amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chachilengedwe. Itha kudyedwa ndi ana aang'ono (pambuyo pa chaka choyamba cha moyo). Koma kuchuluka kwa ziweto komanso kuperewera kwa ziweto kumapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yabwino kwambiri. Malo odyera aku Japan amazipangira zosaphika Izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe chomwe chimasokoneza kusangalala ndi kukoma kwa nsomba zam'madzi zamadzi oundana. Maphikidwe ophika zakudya zabwino saphikidwa mongodula ndi kutumiza mafilimu. Supu amapangidwa kuchokera ku magazi a pike. Chitaninso mbale zachiwiri - zonenepa, poto, mu uvuni.

Malamulo ophikira ophika

M'matayala athu, pike ya Antarctic imagulitsidwa yokha mawonekedwe achisanu. Inde, amataya zina zofunikira. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kugula ichi kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika, chifukwa kuyambira nthawi iliyonse yozizira mtengo wa nsomba umasungunuka ngati ayezi. Nyama ya pike ndi yofewa, chifukwa chake, muyenera kuthana nayo moyenerera. Osamenya nyundo pakusaka mbale komanso zokometsera zambiri. Ginger, basil, mankhwala a ndimu - izi ndizomwe nsomba za ayezi zimakwanira bwino. Maphikidwe ophika awa okhala ku Antarctica amadabwa ndi kuphweka kwake. Nthawi yomweyo, mbale zowonjezera zimapezeka. Kodi pike yokazinga mumafuta a sesame ndiyofunika kwambiri! Ndiosavuta kuyeretsa; Msuzi wamakutu ndi nsomba umapangidwa kuchokera kumchira ndi mutu. Kuphika pike kosaposa mphindi makumi awiri.

Msuzi wowonda

Momwe mungaphikire nsomba za ayisikilimu ngati njira yoyamba? Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta: choyamba timaphika msuzi kuchokera kumichira ndi mitu, kenako ndikuwonjezera filimuyo. Asanayike nsomba, ndikofunikira kuti muwononge msuzi. Chifukwa chake, dzazani mitu ndi michira (itatu iliyonse) ndi madzi ozizira (malita awiri) ndikuyamba kuwotcha pamoto wosakwiya. Mu poto, timaponyanso anyezi wathunthu mu kaloti ndi kaloti woboola. Tisefa msuzi womalizidwa, ndikuyiyanso pamoto. Tikudikirira chithupsa. Onjezerani mapira ochepa. Pambuyo pa mphindi 7-10 mutawotcha kachiwiri, ikani mbatata zinayi, kudula mu miyala yayikulu. Mutha kupanga anyezi ndi anyezi ndi batala. Timafalitsa chidacho chodulidwa muzidutswa zazikulu. Pambuyo pa kotala la ola limodzi, onjezani basil wouma, nandolo zisanu za tsabola wakuda, tsamba limodzi lamchere. Katsabola wosuta wosenda bwino ndi uzitsine mchere ndi magalamu 50 a batala. Onjezani chisakanizo ichi mu msuzi wa nsomba ndikuzimitsa mutawira. Kuumirira pansi pa chivindikiro kwa mphindi 20 ndikutumikira.

Ice nsomba: Chinsinsi cha uvuni

Kukonza zochepa - ichi ndiye chinsinsi chachikulu chophikira pike yoyera mu uvuni. Kutsogolo, nsomba zikuyenera kumvedwa. Palibe nzeru kuphika kuchokera ku chakudya chokoma ngati sakumbutsa kukoma kwake konse. Ndipo kuphika mu uvuni kumatha kubweretsa kununkhira kwa utsi ndi kuyanika kwambiri kwa fillet. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukulunga nsomba zam'madzi mu ma batter. Sakanizani ufa wofanana ndi mowa wopepuka (125 g uliwonse). Knead mpaka zotumphera zimatha. Mu mazira awiri, gawanani mapuloteni ndi yolk. Tenthetsani 40 gm ya batala. Thirani ndi ma yolks ku mtanda ndikupitilirabe. Amenya azungu. Onjezerani kumenya. Mafuta okwana magalamu mazana awiri amadzidula tating'ono ting'ono, mchere ndi tsabola. Thirani mafuta pang'ono mumbale yophika, kuthira mafuta ndi makoma a chotengera. Ikani malondawo, dzazani ndi amamenya. Nsomba za Ice zimaphikidwa pamoto wotentha madigiri 180-200. Kutumphuka kukapangika, ndikofunikira kupanga mabowo mkati mwake ndi mano. Mwa njira, mu iyi Chinsinsi, mowa umatha kusinthidwa ndi vinyo wazoyera wa tebulo.

Chinsinsi cha multicooker

Simung feela mwachangu ndikuphika pike yamagazi oyera. Wophika pang'onopang'ono, mbale yazodyera imatha kupangidwa mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kulawa sizosiyana ndi malo odyera. Momwe mungaphikire nsomba zam'madzi mu chipangizochi? Defrost mafayilo anayi. Dulani gawo loyera la leek, anyezi ndi magalamu 70 a fennel m'magawo ndikuwawaza mumafuta otentha a masamba, limodzi ndi mphukira 10 za asiparagus achinyamata ndi masamba ofanana amtundu wobiriwira. Mchere ndi tsabola. Mu mphika wina, sakanizani supuni ya tiyi ya paprika wokoma, zest ya ndimu, zouma zouma, uzitsine wa mchere ndi galamu 20 wowuma. Mafupa a nsomba m'mafupa awa. Mbale ya multicooker iyenera kukhala yowuma kwathunthu. Ikani masamba okazinga mmenemo. Asodzi cream Ice cream ed ed fished Timalowetsa pulogalamuyi kukhala "Kuphika" ndikudikirira mphindi khumi ndi zisanu.

Chinsinsi cha poto wamba

Timachotsa pike ya Antarctic (theka la kilo), kudula, kudula pakati. Konzani kuphika mbale. Timasakaniza 50 g ufa, supuni ziwiri za nthangala za sesame, mchere pang'ono, tsabola wakuda, katsabola wowuma. Kupatsa mbale yomalizira kukongoletsera kokongola, mutha kuwonjezera kuthira kwaphikidwe ndi kutsina. Pali malamulo angapo amomwe angaphikire nsomba zam'madzi mu skillet. Choyamba, mafuta ophikira ayenera kutentha. Ziyenera kukhala zochuluka, apo ayi, kuphika sikupanga chisangalalo ndi khirisipi. Ndipo chinthu chimodzi chowonjezerapo: osakonda kumangoyala. Nsomba za ayezi ndizowonda kwambiri ndipo zimatha kugwa ngati zimasungidwa mosavuta.

Kukoma mu zojambulazo

Dziwani kuti kuphika kwa poto ya Antarctic mu uvuni kuyenera kuyimikiridwa moyenera. Zakudya zimatuluka ndi kusangalala kwachisangalalo, koma fungo labwino la nsombayo ikhoza kutayika. Kuphatikiza apo, uvuniwo umatha kupondaponda thupi la "nsomba zoyera". Kuti muteteze ku izi, muyenera kukulunga zidutswa za chidutswa. Kodi kuphika nsomba za ayezi motere? Mitembo ya Defrost, iduleni. Mitu ndi michira sichitha kudulidwa. Kuwaza nsomba ndi mandimu ndikusiya kwa mphindi 10. Pakadali pano, sakanizani zitsamba ndi zonunkhira. Zomwe zimapangidwazo ndizopanga, safiro ndi mchere. Phimbani pepala kuphika ndi zojambulazo. Pakani nsomba ndi msanganizo wa zonunkhira mkati ndi kunja. Timafalitsa mitembo yathu pafumbi. Madzi pang'ono ndi mafuta a masamba. Phimbani ndi pepala la aluminiyamu. Kuphika nsombali mu uvuni sikuyenera kukhala yayitali kwambiri - mphindi 20.

NKHANI YA ICE FISH idapita kuti? M'masiku a USSR, zidachitika kuti mumapita ku malo ogulitsa nsomba kukagula nsomba zozizira pachisanu. Pakudya kwamadzulo mudzanyamula mitembo yaying'ono ndi kutumphuka - mudzanyambita zala zanu! China chake chachilendo kwambiri masiku ano. Icy idakwera kwambiri, ndipo m'masitolo ena idasowa kwathunthu! Chinachitika ndi chiyani? Tidzazindikira. Pongoyambira, chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza nsomba za ayezi: Orfish, kapena nsomba zazikuluzikulu ngati pike, kapena pike wokhala ndi mutu woyera - nsomba za banja la nsomba zokhala ndi mutu woyera. Amakhala m'madzi a Antarctic. Mwazi wake sunali wofiyira, ngati ma vertebrate onse, koma wopanda utoto, ngati madzi, popeza ulibe maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi hemoglobin. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwapadera komanso chifukwa chakutali ndi zovuta kudera lamgodi, ndizogulitsidwa pamtengo wa "premium". Mu nthawi za Soviet, nsomba za ma ice zimadya 70 kopeka pa kilogalamu imodzi ndipo amphaka adadyedwa nawo. Ku USSR, zochepa zomwe zimanenedwa za phindu la nsomba zamadzi oundana, koma zambiri zimapezeka. Kukoma kwa madzi oundana kulibe vuto. M'madzi a Antarctic, nsomba iyi imadya kwambiri krill, motero nyama yake imakhala ndi kakomedwe kabwino. Icy ice sakhala ndi mafupa, ndipo kaphikidwe kake kamakhala kofewa komanso kosavuta kutafuna, chifukwa kamakhala ndi calcium. Popeza madzi oundana amakhala m'malo ochepera kwambiri padziko lapansi, amatha kuonedwa ngati nsomba zoyera kwambiri, zilibe zinthu zovulaza. Ndiye nsomba zabwino zokhazokha! Nanga zidachitika, ndichifukwa chiyani zidasowa m'mashelefu, ndipo zimakhala kuti, ndiye zimawononga ndalama zowirikiza katatu kuposa zowerengera nkhumba? Yankho linali losavuta. Ma nsomba a Ice ku Russia asanduka chakudya chamtengo wapatali chifukwa m'dziko lathu pakhala pakutha konse kwazomangamanga. Kwa zaka 20, Russia yatsopano yawonongera chuma cha USSR. Ndipo nsomba zozizwitsa sizinali kalikonse ndipo panalibe aliyense woti adzagwire. Ku Soviet Union, zombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimapangidwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo: usodzi, kafukufuku, zombo zoteteza nsomba, malo opangira nsomba. Mu 1980, nsomba pa nsomba iliyonse zimaphatikizidwa zinali 34 kg (ku United States 16 kg, ku UK makilogalamu 15). Mu 1989, asodzi aku Soviet Union adagwira nsomba matani 11.2 miliyoni, zomwe zidali pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 56 pa capita iliyonse. USSR itawonongedwa mu 1991, asodzi aku Russia akuchoka kunyanja, kuphatikiza ku Antarctica, komwe nsomba za ayezi zimakhala. Akuluakulu adalemba ndikugulitsa zina zam'mbali mwa mbali. Kwa nthawi ya 1991-1995 yokha. zombo zidachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 3.2 mpaka 2,5 zombo, ndiko kuti, ndi ma 700 mayunitsi, ndikupitilira kuchepa ndikutha. Kubwezeretsedwa kwakukulu kwa sitimayo kunapangitsa kuti anthu asamagwire ntchito zambiri, gulu la asitikali linaonekera, zomanga ndi kukonza zombo zam'madzi zinaima, mbewu zidasiyidwa popanda kulamula, ambiri aiwo adapita opanda ntchito. "Perestroika" yotero idapangitsa kugwa kwakukulu pafupifupi nthawi 2.4, komanso pamafamu owerengera - nthawi 6. Unduna wa Usodzi udasiyidwa ndipo Komiti Yazusomba idakhazikitsidwa. Kenako idasinthidwa kukhala State Fishery Committee ya Russian Federation, ndipo pambuyo pake - Federal Agency for Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Zonsezi zikunena za kuchepa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kasamalidwe ka nsomba. Zombo zomangidwa ku Soviet zikutha konse, ndipo kwa nyengo yonse ya Russia yatsopano, Purezidenti ndi boma silinakonzeke zomanga zonyamula anthu. Koma Achijapani ndi achi China adayesera kutiyesa, atatha kudziwa malo athu asodzi ndikuwedza nsomba zapamwamba zam'nyanja.

AT chakumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazo, olemba nsomba aku Norway, omwe amasaka m'madzi kumtunda kwa Latin America ndi kuzungulira Antarctica, adalankhula za nsomba yachilendo yomwe inali ndi magazi oyera. Kwa malowa, amatchedwa kuti nsomba zoyera, kapena ayezi. Tsopano nsomba iyi imatchedwa pike yoyera, kapena magazi oyera ngati pike. M'dziko lathu, limadziwika kuti nsomba wamba, kapena nsomba wamba. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mu Soviet Union, nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda izi zimadziwika kuti ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo tsopano zalowa m'gulu la zakudya zam'madzi.

Nsomba zazikuluzikulu ndi zazikulu pokula, koma anthu ang'onoang'ono amagulitsidwa. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino. Ili ndi zambiri fluoride, potaziyamu, phosphorous, komanso zinthu zina zofunikira ndi mavitamini. Chifukwa cha chakudya chake chamtengo wapatali komanso chifukwa chakutali kwa malo asodzi, nsomba izi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo zimakhala m'gulu la premium.

Ngati mukufuna nsomba yamadzi oundana, kampani yathu imadzigula kugula zochepa ku Moscow - "ZABWINO Zambiri" .
Lumikizanani!Tili ndi mitengo yosangalatsa kwambiri komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Nsomba zokoma kwambiri za ayezi zomwe zidagulidwa kwa ife, zomwe mtengo wake umakhala wotsika mtengo, zithandiza kukopa makasitomala ndikupanga osiyanasiyana ogulitsa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana.

Zapadera zapamadzi oundana

Mukakhala kuti simukudziwa komwe mungagule nsomba zandalama ku Moscow, mtengo womasuka kulumikizana ndi kampani yathu kuti ikuthandizireni. Icefish ndi nsomba yosowa kwambiri, motero zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri kwa ogulitsa.

Timagulitsa nsomba za ayezi, mtengo wa 1 makilogalamu womwe uli pakampani "ZABWINO Zambiri" kupezeka kwa onse ogwira ntchito, ali ndi katundu wachilendo. Kuphatikiza pa magazi omwe sanali amtunduwu, nsombayi imakopeka ndi kununkhira konse "kwakanema", chifukwa chake, anthu omwe salola fungo lomweli amalola kudya. Nsomba za ayezi zimatha kuperekedwa kwa ana ndi okalamba, zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. M'magazi a nsomba imeneyi mulibe maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi hemoglobin, motero zimawoneka zopanda mtundu.

Ubwino wina wamtunduwu ndi kuchuluka kwa mafupa. M'malo mwake, mumangokhala ndi zigawo zokha popanda mitengo yokwera mtengo komanso yaying'ono. Chifukwa chokhala ndi kashiamu ochepa kwambiri m'mafupa, kaphikidwe kake kali kofewa komanso kotheka, kamene kamapangitsa kuti nsomba za icefish zizikondedwa ndi zakudya za ana, kudya odwala komanso ofooka. Nsombazi ndizoyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya, popeza zimangokhala ndi mafuta 7% ndi mapuloteni 17%. Ali ndi thanzi labwino pazakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu. Kuphatikizika kwapadera kumeneku kumapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito madzi oundana m'zakudya za anthu omwe amayang'anitsitsa thanzi ndi kulemera kwawo.

Popeza agologolo amakhala kumadera a polar a Antarctica, m'madzi opanda phokoso kutali ndi malo okhala anthu, iwo amakula ndikudla m'malo ovuta zachilengedwe. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuphatika kwa krill, nyama yake yam'madzi imakhala ndi kakomedwe kabwino ka shrimp, kokhala ndi cholembera chokoma.

Kampani "ZABWINO Zambiri" nsomba za ayezi zikugulitsidwa ku Istra m'chigawo cha Moscow. Kuyandikana kwa likulu limatilola kubweretsa izi mwapadera kumalo osiyanasiyana ogulitsa ndi malo ogulitsa.

Chifukwa chiyani ndibwino kwambiri kugula magazi oyera kwa ife?

Mtengo wathunthu wa nsomba zam'madzi mu kampani yathu ndiosakwanira, motero kugula kwa ifeyo nkothandiza kwambiri kwa ogulitsa ndi osinthitsa kapena amawu ndi odyera omwe amagulitsa zakudya zam'nyanja.
Pamodzi ndi kutha kwa mgwirizano wopereka katundu, makasitomala athu amalandila izi:

• Chowerengeka chachikulu cha nsomba zam'nyanja, nsomba ndi zinthu zina.
• Mitengo yotsika.
• Mapangidwe apamwamba.
• Kupezeka kwa nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zosungidwa.
• Nawo zida zamakina apadera zonyamula zinthu zatsopano komanso zachisanu.
• Ntchito mwachangu.
• Kuthekera komaliza mgwirizano wopitilira zopitilira.

Ndiyimbile! Kugulitsa kwazisanu nsomba zomwe zimayamwa ku Moscow Region kumathandizira kugulitsa mashopu kupatsa ogula malonda osiyanasiyana azakudya zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana.

Malinga ndi makonzedwe amakono amakono, magazi oyera, kapena monga amatchulidwanso, nsomba za ayezi ndizomwe zimapangidwa, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu 11 ya mitundu ndi mitundu 16.

Ambiri mwa oimira pachilumbachi amakhala pafupi ndi Antarctica, mitundu itatu ili pafupi ndi chilumba cha South Georgia, zina zitatu zili pachilumba cha Kerguelen, ndipo mtundu umodzi uli kumwera kwenikweni kwa South America, komwe ndi kugombe la Patagonia. Malinga ndi asayansi, mawonekedwe a banja lino akufanana ndi nsomba zam'madzi za Hannah zomwe zimadziwika ngakhale ku Greece wakale, komwe ndiko maziko a dzina lachi Latin la nsomba izi, Channichthyidae, lomwe limatanthawuza "nsomba za hannah."

Pa mulingo wanyumba, nsomba izi zimatchedwa padziko lonse lapansi kugwiritsa ntchito "ice" ya epithet. Ku Russia ndi nsomba oundana, m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi, azungu. Ndi aku French okha omwe adapanga kukhazikitsa dzina lachikondi ndi banja lachi French, ndipo amalitcha kuti poisson des glitter antarctique, lomwe mu Russian limatanthawuza "nsomba za ayezi za Antarctic". Zachidziwikire, dzina lotere limamveka lokongola kwambiri kuposa banal "ice".

Nsomba iyi imakhala yotheka kwambiri. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, amaligwira makamaka ku Antarctica, komanso pafupi ndi zilumba za Kerlegen ndi South Georgia komanso kugombe la South America.

Mbali ina yosiyanitsa ndi banja ili ndi magazi opanda khungu, momwe mulibe hemoglobin ndi maselo ofiira amwazi.

Kusodza nsomba izi kunayamba kokha mkati mwa zaka zapitazi. Nsomba za Ice sizisiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwapadera, kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kufika masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndi kulemera - 3,7 kilogalamu. Amakhala ndi thupi lamaliseche, mwina kutulutsa, mutu waukulu komanso kamwa yayikulu, yokhala ndi mano akuthwa.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa nyama yam'madzi oundana kumaphatikizapo pafupifupi mafuta asanu ndi awiri peresenti ndi pafupifupi maperesenti khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri peresenti, omwe amachititsa kuti ikhale yofewa komanso yopanda mafuta. Kusasinthika kwa nyamayi ndi wandiweyani. Ubwino wina wa nsomba ndiwakuti ndi wotsika-kalori, pafupifupi ma kilocalories 80 pa gramu zana limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama ya ayisikilimu ili ndi michere yambiri - potaziyamu, phosphorous, fluorine, komanso kuchuluka kwa mavitamini komanso zinthu zina zofunika. Nsomba za ayezi ndizopanda tanthauzo, pali chingwe chokha, ndipo zilibe fungo linalake la nsomba. Zonsezi zimapangitsa chidwi kwa anthu omwe, mokwanira mawu oti "sangathe kuyimitsa nsomba,".

Ndipo chenicheni chakuti imagwidwa m'madzi a Antarctic, ndiye kuti, m'chigawo chimodzi choyera kwambiri padziko lapansi, chimapangitsa nsomba izi kukhala zoyera, zopanda zinthu zilizonse zovulaza.

Chakudya chosavuta kwambiri cha nsomba zam'madzi oundana ndi krill. Zikuwoneka kuti, amakhala ndi nyama yokoma kwambiri, yokoma pang'ono, yomwe imakumbutsa kukoma kwake. Nsomba ndizopezeka zenizeni kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lawo ndipo amakonda kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi. Tsoka ilo, mpaka posachedwapa sitinadziwe zabwino zonsezi za nsomba zamadzi oundana, ngakhale timatha kudya Lachinayi lililonse m'chipinda chodyera chilichonse chotchedwa "tsiku la nsomba". Kuphatikiza apo, anali wofunika kwambiri moti amangomudyetsa amphaka.

Zomera ndi nyama

Ice nsomba (lat. Champsocephalus gunnari), kapena pike yoyera wamba, ndi chozizwitsa chenicheni cha chilengedwe. Nsombazi zimakhala ndi moyo m'madzi ozizira kwambiri, kutentha kwake komwe kumakhala kosaposa madigiri Celsius.

Chinsinsi cha kupirira kotere ndi chosavuta - magazi a nsomba oundana ali ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amalepheretsa kuzizira. Mwazi wa nsomba zamtunduwu mulibe utoto - mulibe chitsulo chokwanira ndipo mulibe maselo ofiira am'magazi, chifukwa chake hemoglobin, yomwe imapangitsa magazi kukhala ofiira. Nsomba za ayezi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo popanda hemoglobin chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'madzi ozizira am'nyanja.

Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, nsomba izi zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu za moyo wake, nsomba za ma ice zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Ma papa okhala ndi magazi oyera amakhala m'madzi akuchapa Antarctica - ku Southern Ocean, kumwera kwa Atlantic ndi Indian Ocean.

Ice nsomba ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimatchedwa nsombagic. M'mawu osavuta, izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukumana ndi kuyandama mosazama kosalekeza, pafupifupi mita 350 kuchokera pamadzi.

Moyo, machitidwe

Nsomba za ayezi zimapezeka m'malo osungirako zachilengedwe mpaka akuya mamita 650-800. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amomwe magazi amapangidwira, ndi ochepa maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi hemoglobin m'magazi, oyimira amtunduwu amakhala omasuka pa kutentha kwa madzi kwa 0 ° C kapena kutsika pang'ono. Dziwani kuti chifukwa cha moyo ndi mawonekedwe ake, nsomba za chisanu sizimakhala ndi fungo linalake losasangalatsa la nsomba, ndipo chifukwa cha kukoma kwake nyama ya nsomba yotereyi imakoma pang'ono, imakhala yofatsa komanso yokoma kwambiri.

Udindo waukulu pakapumidwe umapatsidwa osati ma gill, koma khungu la zipsepi ndi thupi lonse. Komanso, paliponse pomwe pali nsomba zambiri zoterezi ndi zokulirapo kuposa katatu kuposa kupuma komwe kumachitika. Mwachitsanzo, pamagazi oyera a Kerguelen, ma network ophatikizika amtunduwu amafikira, mpaka kutalika kwa mamilimita 45 pakhungu lililonse la millimeter.

Habitat, malo okhala

Malo omwe amagawikidwako amtunduwu ndi m'gulu la zomwe zimachitika. Mitundu ndi malo okhalamo amapezeka makamaka kuzilumba zomwe zili mkati mwa malire a kumpoto kwa chilumbachi cha Antarctic. Ku Western Antarctica, nsomba za ayezi zimapezeka pafupi ndi malo a Shag Rocks, South Georgia, South Sandwich ndi Orkney Islands, komanso zilumba za Shetland South.

Ndizosangalatsa! M'madzi ozama kwambiri, madzi oundana asinthanso kuchuluka kwa magazi, omwe amadziwika ndi kukula kwa mtima komanso ntchito yayikulu mkati.

Pali nsomba zambiri za madzi oundana zomwe zimawoneka pafupi ndi chilumba cha Bouvet komanso kufupi ndi kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Antarctic. Kwa East Antarctica, mitunduyi imangokhala m'mphepete mwa mabombe ndi zilumba za m'mphepete mwa sitimayi ya Kerguelen, kuphatikiza matchuthi a Kerguelen, Shchuchya, Yuzhnaya ndi Skif, komanso zilumba za McDonalds ndi Heard.

Kodi nsomba za ayezi zimapezeka kuti, zomwe zidachokera

Agologolo onga agogo, agogo wamba, kapena nsomba wamba - mayina onsewa amabisa chamoyo chimodzi.

Champsocephalus gunnari ndi woimira ufumu waukulu wa nyama, womwe wasayansi ya nyama yodziwika bwino, waku Sweden, amatchedwa gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi mowala, dongosolo longa mtundu, nsomba zamtambo zofiirira komanso banja la nsomba zokhala ndi mutu woyera mu 1905.

Kanyama koyera ngati nsomba imeneyi ndi kuya kwakuya kwa Antarctic, monga momwe maumboni ena amanenera, pikeyi imalowetsa madzi am'nyanja pakuya kwa pafupifupi 400-700 mamita kuchokera pamadzi.

Mbiri ya kupezeka kwa madzi oundana ndi zochititsa chidwi

Kutali. Zaka zakubadwa, ntchito yopanga ma whites inali yotchuka komanso yothandiza kwambiri kupeza ndalama kwa anthu aku Norway. Ndiogwira ntchito yofunikayi, omwe, atabwerera kwawo kuchokera kuulendo wotsatira, adauza anthu akumaloko nkhani yodabwitsa kuti akuti adatha kugwira nsomba yodabwitsa, yosafanana ndi nzika zina zonse zamadzi ozizira. Kupadera kwake, malinga ndi nangumi, ndikuti inali ndi madzi oyera kapena owoneka bwino ngati madzi, chifukwa chachilengedwe ichi adachitcha kuti "ayezi" kapena "choyera". Ambiri, atamva izi kuti sizowona kuti ndi zenizeni, sanatchule nkhaniyi, chifukwa pali zochepa zomwe angapange kapena zomwe zingaoneke kwa iwo ogwira ntchito.

Patatha zaka zambiri, mu 1954, asayansi adayamba kuphunzira mosamalitsa za nsomba yodabwitsayi ndikupeza kuti ndizodabwitsa - ogwira ntchito ku Norwe anali akunena, magazi ake sanali ofiira konse, m'malo mwake, anali owonekera pang'onopang'ono ndi nyansi kapena "nebula".Chinsinsi chonse cha izi ndikuti hematocrit (kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi) am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'nyanjayi ndi zero, ndiye kuti, maselo ofiira a magazi kapena mapuloteni a hemoglobin sapezeka m'matumbo ake, omwe amachititsa magazi kukhala ofiira pafupifupi onse zinthu zamoyo.

"Palibe amene amasangalala ndi zomwe ali nazo pano ndi pano" - mawu amenewa, mwina, sananenedwepo konse za chakudya, koma pankhani ya ayezi ku Soviet Union, ndizothandiza kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuzungulira 1980, Amayi athu anali ndi mwayi wodzitamandira ndi zombo zazikulu kwambiri zam'madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Katundu ndi nsomba ku USSR zidagunda zonse, kuchuluka kwa asodzi aku Soviet Union kudapitilira katatu kuwedza kwa asodzi aku America ndi ku England. Chifukwa chakutulutsa kwakatundu kuchokera kumadzi am'nyanja, kuphatikiza madzi oundana, anthu athu sanatchere chidwi chilichonse ndi pike yodabwitsayi ndipo amadziona ngati nsomba zam'munsi. Kwenikweni, iwo ankasenda ma kitti awo, chifukwa kilogalamu yanyengo iliyonse pamsika inali pafupifupi 60-70 kopecks. Palibe amene anali ndi chidwi ndi zabwino zilizonse zabwino ndi zokonda zapadera za whitefish zochokera ku Antarctic.

Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union, kugonja kwa asodzi aku Russia kukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, sitimayo posakhalitsa idayamba kusiya kunyanja, kukonza zombo zakale ndi kupanga sitima zatsopano zidasiya tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo anthu adayamba kusiya ntchito zopindulitsa komanso zofunika zotere.

Panthawiyo, nsomba zokhala ndi magazi oyera zinayamba kutumizidwa ku misika yaku Russia, koma ogulitsa akunja anali kale ndi ndondomeko yamitengo yosiyaniranapo ndi ma nsomba. Zokomera anthu aku Russia sizinakhalepo ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zakudya zabwino ngati nyama ya nsomba zoyera, ndipo popita nthawi, ngakhale anthu omwewo sanathe kugula zinthu zabwino zotere.

Munthawi yopanda nsomba imeneyi, adayamba kudabwa kuti chifukwa chiyani nsomba yoyera ngati iyi imakhala yodula komanso yosatheka ndi wogwira ntchito wamba. Njira yothetsera chinsinsi ichi ndi yophweka komanso yoyambira. Ziri zonse za zokonda zapadera za nsomba zamisala iyi. Pafupifupi nsomba iliyonse chaka chilichonse komanso tsiku lokhala ndi moyo wake limatenga zinthu zambiri kuchokera kumadzi momwe imakhalira, mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi zaka, chamoyo cha nsomba chimadetsedwa kwambiri. Ice nsomba ndizosiyananso ndi lamuloli, chifukwa madzi akumadera abwinowa kukongola kwa Arctic ndi amodzi oyera padziko lapansi, chifukwa chake nyama ya nsomba iyi ilibe zinthu zilizonse zoyipa ndi mankhwala. Palibe nsomba yokhayo, kapena mbale yophika kale yopanga fungo lodziwika bwino mwa abale ake ambiri, chifukwa cha ichi chimakopeka ndi anthu omwe samadya zopangidwa ndi nsomba chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi "fungo" ili. Mwa kukoma, nyama ya ice pike imatikumbutsa shrimp. Pali chiphunzitso chakuti izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti nsomba zoyera m'malo mwake zimasankhira chakudya chokha ndipo zimakonda kudya kwambiri nkhomaliro - awa ndi nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimasiyana pang'ono (kuyambira 8 mpaka 60 mm).

Palibe pomwe munthu angalephere kuzindikira kuti nsomba zokhala ngati nsomba za nsomba sizingokhala nsomba, ndimalo osungiramo mavitamini ndi michere yofunikira monga potaziyamu, fluorine, phosphorous ndi ena ambiri. Lili ndi mapuloteni ochulukirapo a 17-18%, pankhaniyi - ndi milungu ina kwa anthu omwe akupita kukadya. Palibe chilichonse monga magnesium ndi calcium m'makonzedwe ake, chifukwa chake nyama yake ndi yosavuta kudya, mthupi la ayisikilimu mulibe pafupifupi mafupa.

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe a nsomba

Pike yokhala ndi khungu loyera ndi amodzi mwa oimira osowa a nyama zadziko lapansi omwe samangokhala chokoma komanso wathanzi kwambiri, komanso adalandira mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Mwina ndi anthu ochepa omwe anali ndi mwayi wokhoza kuwona chilengedwe chokongola ichi mwamoyo, koma osakhala kowundana. Zowonadi, mpaka pano, malo okha osungirako ndi icefish ali m'mazenera ogulitsa nsomba, m'misika yama nsomba ndi m'misika yamasamba, pomwe imadikirira ogula ake, atakulungidwa ndi chipale chofewa ndi ayezi kuchokera mufiriji.

Koma, mutakhala ndi mwayi kuti muwone kukongola uku akuyenda mozungulira mozungulira pamadzi, mudzadabwa ndi kukongola ndi kukongola kwa chipolopolo chake chakunja.

Magawo a thupi la munthu wamkulu amatha kukhala osiyana, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimapezeka munyanja ina yam'madzi oundana, komanso mkhalidwe wa thanzi lake. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwamunthu wokhala ngati munthu wokhala m'madzi a Antarctic kumayambira 30 mpaka 80 cm, kulemera kwa thupi kumasiyana kuchokera pa 200 mpaka 1200 magalamu.

Thupi la nsomba yoyera lilinso maliseche, lopanda chovala mamba. Mukayang'anitsitsa mozama, munthu akuwona ngati kuti ndiwowonekera bwino ndipo mutha kuwona dziko lapansi lozungulira mozungulira chifukwa cha nsomba yamadzi oundana, koma sizili choncho, chifukwa chakuti mulibe maselo ofiira amwazi m'magazi, khungu silikhala ndi "nsomba" yabala chifukwa chake, kuwalira pamawonekedwe a nsomba kumapangitsa chidwi chotere. Chochititsa chidwi ndimunthu wokhala m'madzi ozizira am'nyanja okongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yambiri yomwe imayikidwa mosiyanasiyana ndikujambulidwa mumithunzi yakuda. Komanso pathupi lamayilo akanjaliyi, mutha kuzindikira mosavuta mizere yayitali, nthawi zambiri ziwiri kapena zitatu za izo.

Mutu wa nsomba zamadzi oundana poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupilo lonse ndi wamkulu kwambiri, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndipo, titero, timakutidwa pang'ono kumtunda. Kapangidwe kamkamwa ndi nsagwada zazikulu ndikofanana kwambiri ndi pike, yomwe, mwanjira zonse, idayambitsa lina la mayina a chipale, chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa pike wanyanja, zomwe sizowona konse, chifukwa dzinali limayimira oyimira banja losiyana ndi nsomba.

Momwe mungakhale ndi mwayi wokondwa kuwona nsomba yozizwitsa ili ikusambira mumadzi mu nyanja yam'madzi ndipo muli ndi chikhumbo chosafunikira choganiza za chilengedwe chodabwitsa mnyumba mwanu, titha kunena kuti m'nthawi yathu yamakono palibe chilichonse chosatheka. Ndipo kukhala ndi chiweto chosowa kwambiri komanso chosazolowereka kumakhala zenizeni. Muyenera kuchita nawo chidwi chofufuza munthu wotero yemwe amagulitsa magologolo osangalatsa osati kumisika yayikulu komanso malo odyera, komanso m'manja mwa okonda ana achilendo.

Kuti mukwaniritse kuti nyumba yanu yozungulira ayeziyo izikhala yomasuka m'nyumba mwanu, muyenera kulimbikira, ndipo, ndipofunika.

Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira komwe azikakhala. Monga nsomba zina zonse, kuti zizikhala munyumba, pamafunika madzi amadzimadzi, kungosankha nyumba zopangidwa ndi galasi zofanizira zoyambira zam'madzi, musaiwale kuti ndi zokulirapo kuposa khumi kuposa nsomba zonse zam'madzi zotchuka zamtundu wakuda, monga guppies, mollies , makola a catfish, minga ndi zina zazing'ono "zazing'ono" zophimbidwa ndi mamba. Pachifukwa ichi, kwa agologolo wamba, muyenera kusankha nyumba yamitundu yotere, kulikonse komwe ingangoyenera, komanso osunthira momasuka pazinthu zake.

Ngati mwasankha kuti mukufuna ngalande yokhala ndi madzi oundana, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuti ino ndi nyumba yake, sizinganene kuti zikuwopseza moyo wa nsomba zamtundu wina, koma momwe adagwiritsidwira ntchito kale chosiyana kotheratu. Kupatula apo, kutentha koyenera kwamadzi kwa nsomba zokhala ndi magazi oyera ndi madigiri 2 - 7, omwe si chamoyo chilichonse chitha kupirira. Mwina, patapita nthawi, mutha kuzolowera kuzikonda kwa nyengo yozizira kwambiri, koma muyenera kuchita izi pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera kutentha kwa madzi ndi madigiri 1-2, koma poyamba mumayendetsa nthawi zina m'malo mwake.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa kutentha kwapansi kotere mu aquarium, chifukwa m'masitolo apadera azithunzithunzi pali mwayi wogula zida zapadera zozizira panyumba zamadzimadzi. Zambiri pazomwe mungapangire zida zamtunduwu ndi manja anu popanda ndalama zapadera "kuyenda" pamasamba a intaneti. Koma izi ndi zoyenera ngati munthu akufunika kutsitsa kutentha ndi madigiri angapo, ndipo momwe mukuvutikira, mufunika kuti madzi azizirira kwambiri, komanso kuti kutentha kotere kusakhale kosasintha.

Sitinganyalanyaze mfundo yoti nsomba za ayezi m'malo awo achilengedwe zimasankha madzi oyera kwambiri kuti akhale malo awo. Chifukwa chake, kunyumba, nsomba zanu zazing'ono zimayenera kukhala m'madzi oyera nthawi zonse, chifukwa palibe amene amadziwa momwe zokongoletsera zake zimayankhira pakuvunda kosiyanasiyana.

Komanso munyanja, nsomba zoyera zimakonda kudya zakudya zamtundu wina monga krill, chifukwa kwa nthawi yoyamba zimakhala bwino kupeza zomwe zimakonda, koma patapita kanthawi nsomba zitasinthana ndi momwe zimakhalira mu nsomba, mutha kuyesanso kumuthira ndi nsomba wamba.

Mitundu ingapo ya banja la nsomba zokhala ndi mutu woyera imatchedwa nsomba oundana. Chawo ndi kuperewera kwa hemoglobin ndi maselo ofiira m'magazi, chifukwa chake adakhala ndi dzina. Izi nsomba zimangokhala ku Antarctic. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya nsomba oundana ndi Gunnara, yemwe amakhala kwambiri kuzilumba za Antarctic.

Kutalika kwa nsomba ndi 30 cm cm, makamaka anthu akuluakulu amatha kutalika masentimita 70. Kulemera kwake ndi 0,3-1 kg. Mtundu waukulu kwambiri wamapulogalamu okhala ngati mapuloteni olemera 2 kg wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 66.

Thupi la nsomba ndilopanda matumba, losalala, ndi milozo yakuda bii. Chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha magazi, matani ofiira kulibe khungu la nsomba. Mutu umakhala pafupifupi theka la kukula kwa thupi, wokutidwa pamwamba komanso pang'ono pang'ono, wokhala ndi nsagwada zazing'onoting'ono. Pakamwa ndi yokulirapo ndipo ndi pafupifupi theka kutalika kwa mutu. M'mawonekedwe, nsomba ndizofanana kwambiri ndi pike.

Mafupa a icefish ndi ofewa, otsika calcium, ndipo mafupa ochepa.

Ice nsomba

Nsomba zazikuluzikulu ndi zomwe zimadyedwa. Anthu am'madzi othana ndi chisanu chotere amakonda kudya anthu okhala pansi panyanja. Nthawi zambiri, squid, krill ndi tinsomba tating'onoting'ono timakhala chakudya chofananirana ndi omwe amayimira gulu loyimitsidwa la Ray, nsomba zokhala ngati nsomba komanso banja la nsomba zokhala ndi magazi oyera.

Chifukwa chakuti chakudya chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka ku nsomba oundana ndi krill, nyama yotsekemera pang'ono komanso yocheperako ya munthu wokhala m'madziyu imakumbutsa za kukoma kwake kwa prawns ya mfumu.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Nsomba ndi mitundu ya nyama. Akazi amapanga mazira - mazira omwe amapanga mkati mwa thumba losunga mazira. Ali ndi nembanemba yotetemera komanso yopyapyala, yomwe imapereka umuna mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Kusunthira m'mbali mwa oviduct, mazira amatuluka kudzera pabowo lakunja pafupi ndi anus.

Amuna amapanga umuna. Amakhala m'mayikidwe opakidwa pathupi omwe amatchedwa mkaka ndipo amayimira mtundu wa dongosolo lomwe limapangidwa ndi ma tubules omwe amayenda mu mzere wobiriwira. Mkati mwa vas deferens pali gawo lokhazikika, loyimiridwa ndi seminal vesicle. Chimbudzi chachimuna chamadzimadzi am'madzi, komanso mazira achikazi, chimachitika nthawi yomweyo.

Ma extremophiles, omwe amaphatikiza oimira kalasi ya Radioparidae nsomba, adalamula Perch ndi nsomba zokhala ndi magazi Oyera, ali okonzeka kugwirira ntchito pokhapokha ngati ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Mu nthawi yophukira, ikatulutsa, zazikazi zimayang'ana mazira 1,5 mpaka 30,000. Mwachangu omwe amabadwa amadya kokha plankton, koma amakula ndikukula pang'onopang'ono.

Adani achilengedwe

Pansi pa masikelo a nsomba zozama kwambiri za ku Antarctic, pali chinthu china chapadera chomwe chimalepheretsa kuzizira m'madzi ozizira. Pamalo ozama kwambiri a adani, nthumwi za mitundu ya Icy Fish zilibe zochuluka, ndipo zokhazokha kwambiri, kusodza anthu ambiri chaka chonse chifukwa cha malonda zitha kukhala pangozi yayikulu.

Mtengo wosodza

Icy icefish ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali yamalonda. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa nsomba zamsika zotere kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana pakati pa 100-1000 g., Ndi kutalika masentimita 25 mpaka 35. Nyama ya ayisikilimu imakhala ndi zofunikira zambiri, kuphatikizapo potaziyamu, phosphorous, fluorine ndi zina zambiri zofunikira mthupi la munthu.

Kudera la Russia chifukwa choti limakhala lokhazikika, komanso chifukwa cha kutalikirana komanso kupezeka kwakukulu kwa dera lomwe limapanga zambiri, nsomba zam'madzi oundana masiku ano zili m'gulu lamtengo wapatali. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mdziko la Soviet momwe munkakhala nsomba, zinthu zodziwika ngati nsomba ndizomwe zinali zodziwika bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri.

Mbira yolimbana ndi chimfine imakhala ndi wandiweyani, wofatsa kwambiri, wopanda mafuta (2-8 g mafuta mwamafuta 100 g a kulemera kulikonse) ndi mafuta ochepa (80-140 kcal pa 100 g) nyama. Zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni zimakhala 16-16%. Nyama ili pafupifupi yopanda tanthauzo. Nsomba za ayezi zilibe mafupa a nthiti, komanso mafupa ochepa kwambiri, zimakhala ndi kakhalidwe kofewa komanso kamene kamapezeka.

Ndizosangalatsa! Chosangalatsa ndichakuti agologolo amakhala m'chigawo chokhacho chokha cha chilengedwe, motero nyama yawo yamtengo wapatali imadziwika ndi kusakhalapo kwazinthu zilizonse zovulaza.

Mukaphika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizikonda mitundu yofatsa kwambiri yodikirira, kuphatikizapo yophika kapena yophika ya nthunzi. Makoko a nyama zotere nthawi zambiri amakonza chakudya chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi kuchokera ku nsomba za ayezi, ndipo ku Japan, nyama zosaphika za nyama yam'madziyi ndizodziwika kwambiri.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Pakadali pano, nthumwi za kalasi ya Radioparidae, dongosolo ngati Perch komanso nsomba yamagazi-oyera agwidwa ndi nsomba zamasiku ano zakuya kosiyanasiyana pafupi ndi zilumba za South Orkney ndi Shetland, South Georgia ndi Kerguelen. Chiwerengero chonse cha nsomba zozama zosagwira mozizira chaka chilichonse zomwe zimagwidwa m'malo amenewa zimasiyana pakati pa matani 1,0-4,5,5. M'mayiko olankhula Chingerezi, nsombayi imatchedwa icefish, ndipo kumayiko a ku Spain amatchedwa pez hielo.

Zikhala zosangalatsa:

Ku France, nthumwi za mitundu yamtengo wapataliyi zimapatsidwa dzina lokondeka lotchedwa poisson des glights antarctique, lomwe limamasuliridwa ku Russia ngati "nsomba ya madzi oundana a Antarctic." Asodzi a ku Russia lero sakupeza "chidebe cha madzi oundana", ndipo nsomba zomwe zimangotumizidwa kuchokera kumayiko ena zimagwera mumisika ya msika wapakhomo. Malinga ndi zomwe asayansi ambiri apeza, pakadali pano, mtundu wamalonda wamtengo wapatali wokhala kudera la Antarctic suopseza kutha.

Ubwino ndi kuvulaza kwa madzi oundana

Kodi maubwino owononga nsomba zamadzi oundana ndi chiyani? Imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimathandiza anthu, zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso mapuloteni ambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ayisikilimu ali m'gulu la zakudya. Ndizothandiza kwa anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya amino acid. Kuphika m'madzi ndi nthunzi, kuphika, kutsitsa - njira izi zamankhwala otentha zimapulumutsa zabwino za nsomba.

Palibe zinthu zovulaza, chokhacho ndicho kuvomereza kwazopangidwazo, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi nsomba. Nthawi zonse muziyang'anira tsiku lakelo kuti athe kumaliza ntchito kuti asamalowetse chakudya poizoni. Musamayimitsenso katunduyo mobwerezabwereza, chimapha michere yonse. Sikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa ayisikilimu kwa ana osakwana chaka chimodzi.

Chifukwa chiyani nsomba za ayezi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri?

Mu 80s, nsomba zamizeremizirizo zinagwidwa zochuluka, ndipo zinali zofunika kwambiri pakati pa ogula. Mtengo wake unali wotsika. Chifukwa chiyani nsomba za ayezi ndizokwera mtengo tsopano? Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa USSR, ndipo ndi ntchito yodziwedza. Zotsatira zake - madzi osefukira pansi adakhala okwera mtengo, mtengo woperekera udakwera. Masiku ano, kugwira kwawo kukuyang'aniridwa, zomwe zimakhudzanso mtengo wotsiriza wogulitsa wa woimira wa Antarctic fauna.

Momwe mungaphikire nsomba za ayezi

Zogulitsa zilizonse zimafunikira chithandizo choyenera cha kutentha. Kodi kuphika nsomba za ayezi? Zofunikira, mchere womwe umakhalamo: potaziyamu, chitsulo, magnesium, phosphorous, ayodini, ngakhale sulufu ndi mkuwa - ndizofunikira m'thupi lathu. Kuti muwonjezere kusungidwa kwawo mu mbale yomalizidwa, muyenera kutsatira imodzi mwanjira zothandiza pokonzekera pike yoyera:

• wiritsani msuzi
• kuphika mu uvuni
• kuphika pa grill
• kusaka
• zimitsa.

Izi zikuthandizira kusunga osati zapadera zokha, komanso kutsekemera kwakapadera. Ndikofunika kuibwezeretsa bwino: sipayenera kukhala dontho lakuthwa kwambiri, ndibwino kuti muzisiyira usiku wokha m'munsi mwa firiji. Ndiosavuta kuyeretsa ndi kudula ayezi: mulibe mamba, ndiye zipsepse, mchira, mafinya, mutu (ngati mukufuna) amachotsedwa. Palibe fungo la nsomba.

Maphikidwe a Icefish

Pali maphikidwe ambiri opanga nsomba za ayezi. Pike yoyera yoyera imakhala ndi kutumphuka modabwitsa, imaphika mwachangu. Finyani mbale ndi anyezi otumidwa, izi zimupatsa nsomba zolemba zowonjezera. Mutha kuphika nokha-ayisikilimu nokha ndikukhala ndi masamba: kaloti, anyezi, ndimu, tsabola. Kupereka patebulo, kuwonjezera kwa iwo mwatsopano tomato, nkhaka. Zonunkhira zomwe zimawululira kukoma kwake: thyme, ginger, mankhwala a mandimu. Icefish imakhala chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha mpunga, imatha kukhala gawo lalikulu la msuzi wa nsomba.

Ndikwabwino kuti amayi apanyumba a novice atsatire maphikidwe okhala ndi zithunzi zatsatane ndi pang'ono - kuti muphunzire zambiri ndikuphunzira momwe mungamaphikire nsomba za ayezi. Popeza mwayesa zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana, njira zophikira, sankhani zomwe mumakonda. Anthu ena amakonda nsomba yokazinga, ena amakonda msuzi wa nsomba, pomwe ena amakonda ayisikilimu wophika tchizi.

Kufotokozera ndi malo okhala

Nsomba za Icefish zimapezeka m'madzi ozizira a arctic. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo akuya 2000, amawona malo oterowo kuti akhale moyo wabwino. Pali madzi oyimilira pamatenthedwe 4 mpaka Celsius mpaka 2 digiri Celsius. Nsomba zimadyetsedwa chifukwa chodya crustaceans ndi plankton yaying'ono.

Icefish yomwe imakhala kunyanja imasankha madera ozama kwambiri momwe kutentha kumatentha kwambiri. Kugwidwa kumachitika ku Antarctic, kumadzulo kwa Atlantic Ocean, ku Norway. Ku Russia, pamasherufu amamasitolo mungapeze oimira omwe ali ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 40, pomwe akuluakulu kwambiri amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Ice nsomba zimalemera kuchokera 300 mpaka 1000 magalamu.

Mkazi wamkulu wokhala m'madzi amakhala ndi thupi lochepa, ali ndi maso akulu, wokhala ndi mutu wopitilira 16%. Pali zipsepse zotsika kwambiri, komanso zipsepere zamkati zokhala ndi kutalika kwapakatikati. Mafinya a Caudal, nawonso, amakhala ndi notch. Chiwombankhanga chimasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi loyang'ana maliseche, pomwe mikwingwirima yamdima imapezeka. Nyama imapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino, m'mimba imakhala yoyera. Ziphuphu, ziphuphu ndi ma anal a mtundu wakuda bii.

Zolemba za magazi otayidwa ndi zofiira mu mtundu wa nyama. Kukula kwa mutu wa ayezi wokulirapo ndi kotala ya thupi lake, kuchokera pamwamba imathothomoka komanso kutalika. Woimira amadziwika ndi nsagwada za toothy zazikulu. Khomo lotseguka limakhala lalikulu, lili ndi kutalika kofanana ndi theka kukula kwa thunthu. Kunja, nsomba za ayezi ndizofanana ndi pike. Ili ndi calcium yochepa kwambiri, motero mafupa ndi ofewa komanso opanda chiyembekezo. Icefish ndi nsomba yomwe ili ndi malonda. Zomwe zimaperekedwa pamsika zimalemera mpaka magalamu 1000 ndipo zimatalika mpaka 35 sentimita.

Chifukwa chiyani okwera mtengo?

Wogwiritsa ntchito wamba amatha kudabwa ndi kukwera mtengo kwa ayezi. Chifukwa choyamba ndikuti nsomba izi ndizakudya zabwino. Chachiwiri chimakhala chifukwa chogwira malire, komanso kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu kuchokera ku Russia. Ngakhale zaka 30 zapitazo, mtengo wa nsomba zamadzi oundana sunali woposanso pollock. Cholinga cha izi chinali kusapezeka kwa misonkho yayikulu, yomwe imakhudza mwachindunji pamsika wamsika.

Mtengo wa malondawa ndiwolungamitsidwa, popeza sikuti ndimakoma kokha, komanso wotetezeka kwathunthu. Ntchentche za ntchentche zangokhala malo oyera okhaokha amadzi am'madzi, chifukwa chake, zinthu zovulaza nyama siziphatikizidwa. Mukamagula ayezi wokwera mtengo, muyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wosankha. Kuti mupeze osati zogulitsa zapamwamba zokha, chokoma, komanso chothandiza panthawi yomwe pike ya mapuloteni ilipo, muyenera kulabadira mfundo izi:

• kutsegula kwa mitembo yozizira kuyenera kukhala kopanda mpweya,
• ndibwino kusiya chisankho pamakope onse omwe agulitsidwa ndi mutu
• madzi oyenda ayezi ayenera kudziwika ndi madzulo, umphumphu, kusowa kwa madzi oundana,

Nsomba zatsopano za ayezi siziyenera kukhala ndi fungo lachilendo.

Kodi kuphika?

Zakudya zam'madzi zilizonse zimafunikira chithandizo choyenera cha kutentha. Kuti tisunge maubwino ndi kupatsa thanzi kwa nsomba za ayezi, ndikofunikira kukonza imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi:

• kuwira msuzi,
• kuphika mu uvuni,
• kukazinga
• akuba
• kuzimitsa.

Chifukwa cha imodzi mwazomwe timaphika pamwambapa, mutha kusunga osati zokhazokha, komanso kukoma kwa nyama. Asanayambe kuphika, pike iyenera kusungunuka bwino; chifukwa ichi, iyenera kumasiyidwa pansipa ya firiji. Kuyeretsa ndi kudula ayezi sikungakhale kovuta, chifukwa munthu wam'madziyu alibe mamba. Pokonza nsombazo, muyenera kuchotsa zipsepse, mchira, ziwalo zamkati, mutu ngati pakufunika kutero.

Mu uvuni

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga nsomba zamadzi oundana ndi kuphika mu uvuni. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge lokoma, flavour flavour, komanso phindu lofunika la nyama. Kukonzekera pike yoyera mu uvuni, sizitenga nthawi yambiri. Pambuyo poyeretsa nyamayo, imafalikira ndi mafuta, okoleretsa ndi zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana ndikuwazidwa ndi mandimu. Pambuyo pokonzekera, malonda adakulungidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika pa pepala lophika. Kuphika ayisikilimu kwa mphindi 20-30. Mphindi 5 asanaphike kuphika, zojambulazo zimayamba kuchitika, chochitika ichi chimalimbikitsa kupangika kwa khrisimimu yokoma.

Mu poto

Njira yokoma kwambiri yopanga nsomba za ayezi ndikuyiyika mu poto. Kuti nsomba ikhale yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa kutumphuka, iyenera kumangiriridwa pophika mikate, yophatikiza ndi ufa wosakaniza ndi mazira, zitsamba zouma, mchere ndi tsabola. Mutha kuwaza nsomba yonse, magawo kapena mafilimu. Paphikidwe wapamwamba kwambiri, mankhwalawa amawotchera kutentha kwapakatikati ndi mafuta kapena masamba.

Njira iyi yokonzekera imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyera, yomwe imakonzedwa pamazira, mazira, madzi ndi ufa, womwe umasakanikirana mpaka kukhazikika kosasinthika. Njira yokonzekera iyi sizitanthauza kupangika kwa kutumphuka, koma nsombayo imakhala yowutsa mudyo komanso yofewa. Kuti fungo labwino, masamba a basil aikidwe mu poto.

Maphikidwe otchuka

Pali njira zingapo zopangira nsomba za ayezi. Pike yoyera imadziwika ndi kuphika mwachangu, komanso kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Anyezi a Passerovy, omwe amayenera kukonkhedwa ndi zakudya zam'nyanja, zimayenda bwino ndi malonda. Mukamagwira, mbale ya nsomba imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi masamba abwino, zonunkhira ndi mbale yampunga.

Kwa ana

Mbale yomwe inakonzedwa molingana ndi Chinsinsi iyi ndi yosavuta, idzatenga mphindi 20, pomwe zopatsa mphamvu zake zimakhala 84 Kcal pa gramu 100 za chinthu. Pambuyo pa chaka choyamba cha moyo, ana amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya ayisikilimu wokazinga, chifukwa amatha kudzaza thupi ndi phosphorous ndi mavitamini. Kukonzekera chakudya chamadzulo cha ana, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kilogalamu 1 ya ayisikilimu, mchere pang'ono ndi mafuta a masamba. Nsomba ziyenera kudulidwa kukhala zigawo zina, kusambitsidwa ndi mchere. Kenako imadulidwa m'magawo, osakulirapo kuposa masentimita 4. Zakudya zam'madzi ziyenera kutumizidwa kwa owiritsa kawiri kwa mphindi 20.

Zosakaniza zotsatirazi ndizofunikira popanga zonunkhira zoyambirira komanso zoyipa za ayisikilimu:

• 0,5 makilogalamu nsomba,
• 1 karoti
• Anyezi 1,
• 4 mbatata
• 0,5 mandimu
• shuga pang'ono,
• mchere ndi amadyera.

Nsomba ikachapidwa ndikutsukidwa, imayenera kudulidwa ndikutumiza kuti iziphika m'madzi amchere kwa mphindi imodzi. Nthawi ikamapita, nyamayo imafunikira kuchotsedwa, kenako msuzi. Masamba osenda, mchere, uzitsine ndi shuga ndi mafuta azikhathamira m'madzimadzi. Masamba ataphika bwino, muyenera kuyika nsomba zam'madzi mu msuzi. Mbaleyi yakonzeka yoyamba.

Ma cutlets

Nsomba zodulira zokhazokha zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito izi:

• 50 magalamu a kirimu wowawasa,
• 2 kaloti
• Anyezi 2,
• Dzira 1
• 1 kilogalamu yamadzi oundana
• amadyera, mchere kulawa ndi breadcrumbs.

Mtembo wa nsomba uyenera kumasulidwa kuchikuta, ndipo chithunzicho chimayenera kudutsidwa ndi chopukusira nyama. Anyezi ndi kaloti odulidwa mu cubes, mwachangu ndi kutumiza ku nsomba. Kuyika zinthu mkati kuyenera kudutsanso ndi chopukusira nyama, kenako ndikusakanizidwa ndi kirimu wowawasa, mchere, tsabola ndi dzira. Kuchokera chifukwa amapanga makeke, muziwaphika buledi ndi mkate.

Wophika pang'onopang'ono

Kugwiritsa ntchito wophika pang'onopang'ono kumapangitsa njira yokonzera ayezi kukhala yosavuta komanso yachangu. Kuti mukonze makilogalamu oyera a 0,7, mumafunika anyezi angapo, zonona mamilimita 200, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka tchizi, mchere, zokometsera ndi mafuta ochepa azamasamba. Ayisikilimu uyenera kupunthidwa, kusenda ndi kudula pakati. Ma anyezi a anyezi ayenera kuikidwa m'malo ophika pang'onopang'ono. Mtengowo ukayamba kuwonekera bwino, ndikofunikira kuyika nsomba pamenepo, uchere mchere ndikuyambitsa ndi zonunkhira kuti mulawe. Pogwiritsa ntchito tchizi ndi zonona, msuzi wosalala uyenera kupangidwa ndi womwe umatsanulira ndikuwuphika kwa mphindi 20 mpaka kupangika konkitsa.

Jellied

Kupanga nsomba zofunafuna, zotsatirazi ndizofunikira:

• 1000 magalamu a ayezi
• Anyezi 1,
• 1 karoti
• 20 magalamu a gelatin
• Tsamba limodzi
• Zopapira 5,
• 60 magalamu a nkhanu,
• Zipatso zitatu za parsley komanso katsabola wambiri
• 0, mandimu 5,
• 90 magalamu amadzi
• 100 magalamu azitona,
• mchere ndi tsabola kulawa.

Ayisi wowawitsa ayenera kusunthidwa ndikukhazikika bwino pansi pamadzi. Dulani mutu ndi mtembo, gawani zipsepsezo kukhala zigawo. Pike iyenera kuyikika mu poto, kuthira madzi, ndikuwonjezera tsamba la bay, masamba, mandimu, tsabola, kuwira kwa kotala la ola limodzi. Chifukwa msuzi uyenera kusefedwa. Zilowerere gelatin m'mililita 100 yamadzi, kenako wonjezerani msuzi. Madziwo ayenera kuwotchedwa osatentha. Masamba ophika, maolivi, nyama ya nsomba ndi amadyera amayenera kuyikidwa pama mbale. Pambuyo pake zinthuzo zimathiridwa ndi msuzi.

Mbaleyi imayenera kuzirala kwa maola 8 mufiriji.

Kupanga zakudya zabwino komanso zonunkhira kuchokera ku madzi oundana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awa:

• mukamawaza nsomba za ayezi, mafuta a masamba sayenera kuthiridwa mu poto, ndibwino kuthirira mafuta kuchokera pamalowo,
• Frying ayenera kukhala wachangu komanso nthawi yomweyo mu poto wotentha,

Payenera kukhala mtunda pakati pa zidutswazo kuti muwonetsetse kuphika bwino,

• kuphika msuzi sikuyenera kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali, pakatha mphindi 20 mutawotcha, kuti mbale yoyamba yakonzeka,
• kuti ayisikilimu asamathere pa grill panthawi yokazinga, ayenera kuwazidwa ndi mafuta a masamba,
• kuphika nyama yonse kumapangitsa kuti mavitamini ambiri azisungidwa bwino.

Kodi ili ndi fanizo?

Maonekedwe a ayezi ndi wokumbutsa za pike. Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa ogula, nsombayo ilibe fanizo; nyama yake ndi yofanana ndi beluga, catfish. Inde, mutha kuthana ndi ayisikilimu muzakudya, chifukwa ndizokwera mtengo. Musaiwale kuti ndi zachilengedwe komanso zotetezeka, pamenepa, palibe woimira ena m'madzi amene angayerekezeredwe ndi ayezi. Ngati pa supermarket kapena malo ogulitsira nsomba anali ndi mwayi wopeza chidebe cha ayezi, ndiye kuti simuyenera kudutsa izi. Madzi oundana okonzedwa bwino ndi zakudya zabwino zomwe zimabweretsa zokoma zambiri.

Onani momwe mungaphikitsire nsomba yokazinga mu vidiyo yotsatira.

NKHANI YA ICE FISH idapita kuti? M'masiku a USSR, zidachitika kuti mumapita ku malo ogulitsa nsomba kukagula nsomba zozizira pachisanu. Pakudya kwamadzulo mudzanyamula mitembo yaying'ono ndi kutumphuka - mudzanyambita zala zanu! China chake chachilendo kwambiri masiku ano. Icy idakwera kwambiri, ndipo m'masitolo ena idasowa kwathunthu! Chinachitika ndi chiyani? Tidzazindikira. Pongoyambira, chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza nsomba za ayezi: Orfish, kapena nsomba zazikuluzikulu ngati pike, kapena pike wokhala ndi mutu woyera - nsomba za banja la nsomba zokhala ndi mutu woyera. Amakhala m'madzi a Antarctic. Mwazi wake sunali wofiyira, ngati ma vertebrate onse, koma wopanda utoto, ngati madzi, popeza ulibe maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi hemoglobin. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwapadera komanso chifukwa chakutali ndi zovuta kudera lamgodi, ndizogulitsidwa pamtengo wa "premium". Mu nthawi za Soviet, nsomba za ma ice zimadya 70 kopeka pa kilogalamu imodzi ndipo amphaka adadyedwa nawo. Ku USSR, zochepa zomwe zimanenedwa za phindu la nsomba zamadzi oundana, koma zambiri zimapezeka. Kukoma kwa madzi oundana kulibe vuto. M'madzi a Antarctic, nsomba iyi imadya kwambiri krill, motero nyama yake imakhala ndi kakomedwe kabwino. Icy ice sakhala ndi mafupa, ndipo kaphikidwe kake kamakhala kofewa komanso kosavuta kutafuna, chifukwa kamakhala ndi calcium. Popeza madzi oundana amakhala m'malo ochepera kwambiri padziko lapansi, amatha kuonedwa ngati nsomba zoyera kwambiri, zilibe zinthu zovulaza. Ndiye nsomba zabwino zokhazokha! Nanga zidachitika, ndichifukwa chiyani zidasowa m'mashelefu, ndipo zimakhala kuti, ndiye zimawononga ndalama zowirikiza katatu kuposa zowerengera nkhumba? Yankho linali losavuta. Ma nsomba a Ice ku Russia asanduka chakudya chamtengo wapatali chifukwa m'dziko lathu pakhala pakutha konse kwazomangamanga. Kwa zaka 20, Russia yatsopano yawonongera chuma cha USSR. Ndipo nsomba zozizwitsa sizinali kalikonse ndipo panalibe aliyense woti adzagwire. Ku Soviet Union, zombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimapangidwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo: usodzi, kafukufuku, zombo zoteteza nsomba, malo opangira nsomba. Mu 1980, nsomba pa nsomba iliyonse zimaphatikizidwa zinali 34 kg (ku United States 16 kg, ku UK makilogalamu 15). Mu 1989, asodzi aku Soviet Union adagwira nsomba matani 11.2 miliyoni, zomwe zidali pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 56 pa capita iliyonse. USSR itawonongedwa mu 1991, asodzi aku Russia akuchoka kunyanja, kuphatikiza ku Antarctica, komwe nsomba za ayezi zimakhala. Akuluakulu adalemba ndikugulitsa zina zam'mbali mwa mbali. Kwa nthawi ya 1991-1995 yokha. zombo zidachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 3.2 mpaka 2,5 zombo, ndiko kuti, ndi ma 700 mayunitsi, ndikupitilira kuchepa ndikutha. Kubwezeretsedwa kwakukulu kwa sitimayo kunapangitsa kuti anthu asamagwire ntchito zambiri, gulu la asitikali linaonekera, zomanga ndi kukonza zombo zam'madzi zinaima, mbewu zidasiyidwa popanda kulamula, ambiri aiwo adapita opanda ntchito."Perestroika" yotero idapangitsa kugwa kwakukulu pafupifupi nthawi 2.4, komanso pamafamu owerengera - nthawi 6. Unduna wa Usodzi udasiyidwa ndipo Komiti Yazusomba idakhazikitsidwa. Kenako idasinthidwa kukhala State Fishery Committee ya Russian Federation, ndipo pambuyo pake - Federal Agency for Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Zonsezi zikunena za kuchepa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kasamalidwe ka nsomba. Zombo zomangidwa ku Soviet zikutha konse, ndipo kwa nyengo yonse ya Russia yatsopano, Purezidenti ndi boma silinakonzeke zomanga zonyamula anthu. Koma Achijapani ndi achi China adayesera kutiyesa, atatha kudziwa malo athu asodzi ndikuwedza nsomba zapamwamba zam'nyanja.