Saiga ndi saiga ndi mayina achimuna ndi achikazi pa amodzi mwa magulu a antelopes. Amakhala m'malo ochepa, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwamtunduwu. Saigas amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa zolengedwa zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Adakhala zaka zoposa chikwi chimodzi, kupulumuka zina, zazikulu komanso zamphamvu nyama, koma sizinasinthe, adatha kusintha. Koma nthawi ikayamba kuvuta, dziko lasintha kwambiri ndipo tsopano ma saigas ali pafupi kutha. Popeza mitundu ya saiga idayamba kalekale, ili ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatsimikizira kuphatikiza nyama ndipo ndizosiyana ndi anzeru anzawo.
Tsitsani kuti saiga ndi nyama yokongola, imangokonda wokonda nyama. Mtunduwu, poyerekeza ndi dewala kapena antelope, ndiwotsika kwambiri pazambiri zakunja. Ndiwotalika kukula, samakula kuposa 1.5 metres, ndipo satalika mpaka mita kutalika. Akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa anzawo. Saigas amalemera 25 mpaka 40 kg. Thupi limapangidwa ngati mbiya, ngakhale, lokhala ndi mimba yozungulira. Mchirawo ndi waufupi, mpaka 10 cm, wokutidwa ndi ubweya. Miyendo yake ndi yopyapyala, moyang'ana kumbuyo kwa thupi lowoneka bwino limawoneka lalifupi. Malizani ndi ziboda ziwiri ndi zala ziwiri. Ikalowa pansi, zala zimasokonekera, ndikusiya mtundu wa 6-8 cm, wofanana ndi mtima wokoka. Khosi limakhala lokwera, lopyapyala, lomwe limakhazikika. Mutu sukulira, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 30. M'makutuwo muli makutu, makutu ozungulira, otambalala, maso akulu, mkamwa, wokhala ndi milomo yopukutira, mphuno ndi nyanga.
Mphuno ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la saigas. Ndi mawonekedwe awa ndikosatheka kusokoneza. Yotalika, imayamba kukwera, imapachikidwa pamilomo yapamwamba. Imapachika, chifukwa imatha ndi thunthu yaying'ono. Imakhalanso yotalikirapo, imakhala ngati chimutu pamutu, ngakhale chofanana ndi thunthu. Gawo lam'munsi ndilothandiza kwambiri, limatha kutembenukira kumbali ndikuwukira mtsogolo.
Nyanga ndi mtundu wina wamakhalidwe womwe umawonetsa bwino kugonana kwa nyama. Ndiosavuta, yamphongo imakhala ndi nyanga, koma osati zazikazi. Zachikazi sizikhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono, pomwe zazimuna zimakhala ndi zophuka zofanana ndi kutalika kwa mutu. Amakula, amagwada pang'ono, koma osapotoza. Mapeto ake ndiowonda kwambiri. Zokongoletsedwa ndi mphete zimamera kokha kuchokera pansi, mpaka pakati kapena pang'ono. Ukalamba ukamakula, nsonga zake zimakhala zachikaso komanso zowonekera bwino, padzuwa zimawoneka ngati kunyezimira. Nyanga zimakula pofika zaka ziwiri.
Mtundu wa chovala mu artiodactyls umasinthidwa bwino makamaka ku steppes. M'nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yozizira ndizosiyana. Munthawi yotentha, kutalika kwake sikupita 2 cm, mtundu wake ndi wofiyira komanso wachikaso. Mbali ndi kumbuyo zili zakuda, miyendo, khosi, chifuwa, m'mimba, ndizovala zazing'ono ndizowala, zoyera. Ubweya umaphimba mutu wonse, eyel, milomo, mphuno komanso ngakhale kunong'ona. M'nyengo yozizira, mtunduwo umakhala wopepuka, wogwirizira kuzungulira malo ozungulira. Phukusi limakulitsidwa mpaka masentimita 6-7 kuti lizitentha thupi. Imvi ndi yoyera. Saigas yokhala ngati yogonja kapena yoyala m'chipale chofeira siyikhala yosaoneka kwa chilombo. Kusintha kwa zovala kumachitika mu kugwa ndi masika.
Kayendedwe ka Saiga
Ngati mungayang'ane Saiga akuyenda moponderapo, zitha kuwoneka kuti zikuyenda bwino. Kayendedwe kake ndikosangalatsa, samapanga kudumpha ndi kugwedezeka. Miyendo imakonzedwanso mozungulira, mutu umatsitsidwa pansi ndi mtsogolo. Moyo wa nyama ukakhala pachiwopsezo, munthu amatha kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo chisonyezo chake ndi chachikulu - mpaka 70 km pa ola limodzi. Koma izi zimapangitsa chiwonetsero chabwino komanso malo oyandikira a steppe. Kapangidwe ka thupi, kapangidwe kake ndi miyendo yopyapyala, zimafotokoza momveka bwino kuti saigas siomwe akuyimira masewera othamanga. Amatha kuthamanga mofulumira 10-13 km, ndiye kuti watopa. Amadziwikanso kuti ndi osambira abwino omwe amatha kuwoloka mitsinje yayitali.
Mawu a Saiga
Amayankhulana makamaka ndikumveka phokoso. M'malo abata, amakhala chete, afupikitsa, nthawi zowopsa - mokweza komanso motalika. Phokoso limathandizanso mphuno. Nyama zimatha kupupuluma, kuzimangilira, kumazipeza. Amuna amakonzekera mpikisano, kufukula mphuno zawo m'mimba nthawi yakukhwima. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kugundana.
Mbiri yamtundu
Malinga ndi asayansi omwe amapeza ndikufufuza zotsalira za nyama, nyanjayo idakhalapo nthawi yamamamoms, ndipo malo omwe adakhalako idafalikira kuchokera ku Europe kupita ku Siberia ndi Alaska. Mosiyana ndi anzawo akuluakulu, ma saigas, kapena monga amatchedwanso - Kalmyk kapena anthala wakumpoto, adapulumuka m'nthawi zovuta. Kusinthasintha komanso kusinthasintha kunathandiza pa izi. M'mbuyomu, chiwerengero cha ma artiodactyl amenewa chinali chachikulu, anali ambiri okhala m'matanthwe. Zidali choncho mpaka m'zaka za zana la 17 AD. Nthawi izi, asaka adayamba kukopa nyama yokongola chonchi. Kukula kwa kusaka, ludzu la phindu pamapulogalamu, linafika pamlingo wopanda nzeru. Ma saigas sanasakidwenso; anawonongedwa ndi zikwizikwi. M'zaka za zana la 20, mabungwe achitetezo adateteza mwamphamvu awa opanga nyanga kuti ateteze. Kuchulukana kwakhala kocheperako, magawo achepa kwambiri.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya fanizo:
- Saiga Chitata (wobiriwira). Zina zake ndizobiriwira, sizigwirizana ndi mawonekedwe. Izi zimadziwika ndi malo omwe amakhazikika. Amakhala kudera la Russia, Kazakhstan, kumapiri okhala ndi masamba. Chiwerengerochi chili chofanana ndi zolinga za 50,000.
- Saiga Kimongolia (ofiira). Zochulukirapo kuposa anzawo, kuchuluka kwa masapota sikupitilira zolinga za 1000. Amakhala kudera la Mongolia, pafupi ndi zipululu. Imakhala yotsika pakati pa anzathu.
Zomwe ZINASINTHA CHAKUDYA
M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yosamukira kumayiko ena saigas amadya zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, zipatso zam'mera ndi zitsamba zotsika. Sawopa mpikisano kuchokera kwa anthu ena osakhudzana ndi zinthu zina, chifukwa mbewu zambiri zomwe amadya azitsamba zina zimakhala ndi poizoni kapena zimakoma zosasangalatsa. Kudya mbewu zabwino, saigas imakwaniritsa kusowa kwawo kwa madzi, kotero kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kuchita popanda kuthirira.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala saigas
Ngakhale zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, madera anali madera ambiri, pakadali pano akukhala madera ochepa ku Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, ndi Kyrgyzstan. Ku Russia, amapezeka kwambiri ku Kalmykia, motero dzina la Kalmyk antelope, mpaka pang'ono ku Altai ndi Astrakhan.
Ma Saigas sakonda kukhala pakati pa masamba ambiri, amafunika madzi ambiri kutentha kwatentha, samakonda kukhala komwe anthu amakhala. Zokonda zawo zimagwera pamalo otseguka, m'zipululu, madera achipululu komanso pamiyala. Nthaka nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba, yamiyala kapena yamchenga, yopanda phokoso, yopanda mapiri ndi zitunda. Zomera zochepa, udzu, zitsamba zowuma zochepa, mbewu. Zikatero, anthu amakhala omasuka komanso otetezeka. Komanso, mtima wopanda tanthauzo pamakhalidwe abwino umakupatsani mwayi wosintha malowa. Zitsamba za saigas zimasuntha mosadukiza kwina kulikonse. M'nyengo yozizira, amachoka malo okhala chipale chofewa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe amasamukira kumapiri, pafupi ndi malo amadzi.
Kusamukira kumachitika osayima. Mtsogoleri azitsogolera gululo, lomwe liziwonetsera kuthamanga ndi njira yake. Ma Hardy saigas amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali wa makilomita 200 patsiku. Nyama iliyonse imachita mantha kusala kwa abale awo. Ngakhale saigas odwala komanso okalamba amathawa, mpaka kufa kutopa. Mayendedwe akusamukira ku zamo - kumwera, nthawi ya chilimwe abusa amapita kumpoto. Mayendedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana atagwirizana, kudzikundikira kwawo kumafika zikwizikwi.
SAika LIFESTYLE
Ma saigas amadya ng'ombe zambirimbiri kapena masauzande ambiri kumapiri ndi zipululu za Central Asia. Ziweto zamtunduwu zimayendayenda nthawi zonse kukafunafuna chakudya. Nyama zimayenda mothamanga pafupifupi 6 km / h ndikuyenda pafupifupi 50 km masana. Nthawi zambiri saigas imayendayenda pang'onopang'ono pofunafuna chakudya choyenera, pomwe owopa amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Ngati nyengo yasintha mosayembekezereka, iwo amawonjezera liwiro. Saigas imatha kuthamanga pa liwiro la 60 km / h.
Pamene nyengo yachisanu imayandikira, ng'ombe zazing'ono zimayamba kulumikizana m'magulu akulu ndikupita kumwera kukafufuza malo odyetsa bwino. Panthawi yophukira, ma saigas amatha mtunda wa 250 mpaka 400 km. Panthawi yamkuntho wa chipale chofewa, gawo lalikulu la nyamazo limachokera m'malo omwe zinthu izi zimalamulira, mosalekeza mosalekeza.
Kodi saiga amadya chiyani
Saigas ndiwophuka kwambiri. Chakudya chawo chimakhala pansi pamapazi awo. Amadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimakula mu stepp. Ngakhale zikusuntha, nyama izi zimang'amba ndi kutafuna mbewu podutsa. Kufunika kwa chakudya kwa munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 5 a mafuta patsiku. Amakwaniritsa kusowa kwa madzi chifukwa chinyontho kuchokera ku msipu womwewo. Pafupi ndi kutentha, komwe kumayamba kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa mvula, amasamukira kudera lomwe lili ndi maiwe ambiri.
Zomwe saigas amadya:
- Irises, tulips
- Licorice, Kermeku
- Fescue, udzu wa tirigu
- Steppe lichen
- Ephedra, chitsamba chowawa.
Uwu si mndandanda wonse, chifukwa mayina azitsamba, maluwa, mbewu zomwe ndizoyenera kudya, zoposa zana.
Zoopsa ndi Adani
Pa mdani woyamba ndi nkhandwe yopondera. Ichi ndi chinyama chanzeru, cholimba. Ikaukira, saiga imangopulumutsidwa ndikuuluka, nyanga ndi ziboda sizithandiza pano. Atasokera m'matumba, mimbulu imathamangitsa ng'ombe, kudikirira kuti wina atope, ayambe kutsalira, kumenyedwa ndi abale. Amayang'ananso zazikazi ndi zazimuna zomwe zimafooka chifukwa cha kubereka. Izi zotsogola zimayambitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa ma artiodactyl. Koma pali okonda ena kuti azisangalala ndi nyama ya saiga. Ili ndi gulu la agalu osochera ndi ankhandwe. Amatsutsa kukula kwachichepere. Ana ambiri amatha kuzunzidwa ndi nkhandwe, ziwombankhanga.
Vuto lina lomwe likuwopseza kuchuluka kwa saiga kuposa matenda ndi matenda. Awa ndimatenda omwe amapatsirana mwachangu pakati pa anthu, kuchititsa kutupa kwa khungu, mafupa, ndi kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe. Nyama zodwala zilibe kwina kuyembekezera thandizo. Chifukwa chake ng'ombe zonse zimafa.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Nthawi yakukhwima, monga mitundu ina ya artiodactyls, sikokwanira popanda kukhwima. Nthawi iyi imabwera ndikuyamba kwa chisanu. Saiga rut ndi wotopetsa komanso wankhanza. Amuna samadyanso, amakhala nthawi yonse kufunafuna chachikazi ndikumenyera. Malingaliro ndi owopsa, nyanga zakuthwa zomwe zimasiya mabala akuzama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma nthawi zina chilichonse chimazungulira dziko lapansi. Amuna amapikisana ndi mphuno zawo zazikulu. Amapanga phokoso lalikulu lomwe limatsimikizira wopambanayo m'modzi mwa omwe akupikisana nawo akadzipereka. Amphongo amphamvu kwambiri amasonkhana mozungulira gulu la akazi 10 mpaka 50. Amakakamizidwa kuwateteza nthawi zonse, kuteteza ufulu wawo kuchokera kwa ochita nawo mpikisano.
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Popeza pali akazi ambiri onyamula zipatso, amapanga ng'ombe zawo ndikupita ku steppe. Amasankha malo osapezeka komwe kulibe madzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti owononga alibe chilichonse kumeneko. Bereka mwachindunji padziko lapansi. Pakubadwa koyamba, palibe mwana wopitilira 1, ndiye kuyambira ana awiri mpaka atatu amabadwa. M'masiku oyamba, ana ake amagona pansi osasunthika, osadikirira kuti awoneke ndi adani. Amayi amadya pafupi, amabwera kwa iwo ndikudyetsa mkaka katatu patsiku. Pakatha sabata, ana amakhala olimba kutsatira amayi awo ndi ng'ombe. Kudzidyetsa ndi masamba kumayambira pakatha mwezi ndi theka.
Mkhalidwe wa Saiga ndi mtengo wa usodzi
Chiwerengero chambiri cham'madzi chotchedwa saigas chinalola kuti anthu azisaka momasuka. Koma kuchuluka kwa kuwombera komanso kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kunachulukirachulukira mpaka akuluakulu aboma anayenera kuletsa kusaka kuti apulumutse nyamazo kuti zisatheretu. Kutchuka kwa saigas kumakhala mu nyanga zawo zamtengo wapatali ndi ziboda. Zochulukitsa zachilendo zimadziwika chifukwa cha iwo, zomwe zimatchulidwa ngakhale mu nthano za anthu opeza. Kuletsedwa kwa kusaka kunadzetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu kukulanso, ng'ombe zazikulu zikuyenda kuzungulira mipata yonse, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zolinga zinafika 2 - 2,5 miliyoni. Kenako kusaka kunaloledwa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ayambenso kuwombera saigas ndi makumi masauzande. Izi zadzetsa mkhalidwe wachisoni wa anthuwa. Nyamazo zidatetezedwa. Ziwerengero zawo zimayang'aniridwa, malo awo amakhala malo otetezeka. Amapangidwanso kuti azisungirako malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungirako zinyama.
Zakudya zabwino
Nyama ya Saiga ndi yokoma kwambiri, koma imafunika kuphika bwino. Musanautumize ku chithandizo chamatenthedwe, muyenera kuchilimbitsa. Izi zimachitika kuti mbaleyo isakhale yowawa. Nyama imakonda kudya zomera zam'munda, ngakhale udzu ndi zomera zapoizoni. Nyama imakhala yolimba, yomwe ndiyosavuta kuyichotsa, popeza idasunga zojambulazo m'madzi ozizira. Kupitilira apo, ndi nyama mutha kupanga maphikidwe ndi kusintha kulikonse. Zimayenda bwino ndi malonda aliwonse, oyenera kukonzedwa ndi kukonzedwa kulikonse. Itha kukazinga, kuwotcha, kuwotcha, kuphika, kuphika pazidutswa zazikulu, kupanga ma chops ndi ma meatbord.
Ponena za zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu ndi kaphatikizidwe ndi mankhwala, mankhwala amatha kudyedwa bwino ndi zakudya zilizonse zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wodya nyama. Si mafuta, ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri, mavitamini ndi michere. Muli mavitamini a magulu a B1-2-4-6-9, PP, D, F. Mwa mchere, awa ndi potaziyamu, calcium, fluorine, iron, zinc, mkuwa, sodium, ndi chlorine. Izi mosakayikira zimawonjezera kuphatikiza pazogulitsa.
Tikukhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa saigas kudzapitilira malire otetezeka, kotero kuti nthawi zina timatha kudya zakudya zabwino zokonzedwa kuchokera ku nyama ya nyama iyi.
Kufalitsa
Pambuyo pakuwala kwa Late Valdai, saigas adakhala kuchokera kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Europe, kuphatikiza British Isles, mpaka pakati pa Alaska ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Canada. M'zaka mazana a XVII-XVIII, ma saiga amakhala kumapiri konse ndi zipululu zochokera kumapiri a Carpathians kumadzulo kupita ku Mongolia ndi China chakumadzulo. M'masiku amenewo, idafika kumpoto mpaka ku Kiev ndi Baraba steppe ya Siberia. Komabe, theka lachiwiri la zaka za XIX, anthu adadzaza mwachangu malo opondera, ndipo saigayo idatsala pang'ono kutha ku Europe. Mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa ma saigas ku Asia nawonso kunachepa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, adasungidwa ku Europe kokha kumadera akutali kwambiri a kumunsi kwa Mtsinje wa Volga, komanso ku Asia - kudutsa Ustyurt, ku Betpak-Dal, mkati mwa Ili - Karatal (mchenga wa Saryesik-Atyrau), m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamadzulo ya Mongolia. ndi malo ena.
Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa chiwerengerocho komanso kutsirizika kwathunthu kwa ma saigas m'ma 1920s, koma chifukwa cha njira zomwe amatenga kuti ateteze komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma saigas, kuchuluka kwa anthu kunabwera ndipo mchaka cha 1950 chiwerengerocho chinali choposa anthu 2 miliyoni omwe amakhala kumapiri ndi zipululu za USSR yakale. Nthawi inayake, magulu a zithandizo zanyama, monga World Wildlife Fund, adalimbikitsa kusaka nyama zamtchire, ndipo amatcha nyanga zawo m'malo mwa nyanga za njuchi. Chiwerengerochi chatsikanso, ndipo tsopano saiga ili pamndandanda wa nyama zodwala kwambiri zopangidwa ndi World Conservation Union. Pakadali pano, anthu pafupifupi 70,000 a saiga ofanana ndi boma la Saiga tatarica tatarica komanso okhala ku Russia (North-Western Caspian), zigawo zitatu za Kazakhstan (Volga-Ural Sands, Ustyurt ndi Betpak-Dala) ndi zigawo ziwiri zakutali za Mongolia (Shargin) zidapulumuka. Gobi ndi Manhan somona dera). Black Earth Reserve idapangidwa ku Republic of Kalmykia (Russia) mu 1990 kuti isunge anthu a saiga omwe amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Caspian. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Mongolia ndi chosankha china - Saiga tatarica mongolica ndipo pakadali pano alipo pafupifupi 3,500 anthu.
Pakadali pano, ndi Zoo yaku Moscow yokha yomwe ili ndi saiga zingapo, malo osungira nyama ku San Diego ndi Cologne adakhalanso nawo kale m'mbuyomu. Pali chikonzero chobwezeretsanso saiga kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Siberia monga gawo la Pleistocene Park.
2010 ku Republic of Kalmykia adalengezedwa kuti Chaka cha Saiga.
Mbiri yakale
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zinali zofunikira kwambiri kupha nsomba kumapiri a Kazakhstan, makamaka pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Aral. Brockhaus ndi Efron Encyclopedia imapereka tsatanetsatane wotsatila wosaka nyama zamadzi:
C. akumizidwa zochuluka kwambiri m'chilimwe, kutentha, atatopa polimbana ndi tizilombo tikuwazunza - ma midges, ma gadget, makamaka mphutsi za tizilomboto timene timakhala pansi pakhungu lawo, osapeza kupumula, C. amalowa m'mimba ndipo mwina amisala akuthamangira pamalo opondera, kapena ngati openga oyimirira pamalo amodzi ndi kukumba maenje (cobla) ndi ziboda zawo, kenako nkugona pamenepo, ndikubisala mphuno zawo pansi pa miyendo yawo yakutsogolo, ndiye kuti amalumpha ndikugubuduza m'malo awo, panthawi ngati S. " ", Atha kusamala ndi chizolowezi chawo, ndipo osaka amawabera anawomberedwa. Asaka a Kyrgyz odyetsa S. amasakidwa ndi anzawo, omwe amagona ndi mfuti, makamaka pafupi ndi mabowo othirira, kapena ndi mitolo ya mabango amilozo, omwe amayendetsedwa m'misewu yomwe S. akutsikira pamalo othirira, kenako amawayang'ana pamayendedwe, pakuwoloka mitsinje, amapitilira maenje ndi madzi oundana, pomwe S. sangathe kuthawa. Nthawi zina amasaka S. ndi agalu a greyhound (mabeseni), omwe amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwakukulu, osaka amapita kukasaka awiriwo, aliyense ali ndi greyhound mumphaka, kuzindikira S., m'modzi mwa osaka amayendetsa kutsogolo kwa gulu lankhosa, ndipo ena akukwera mailo 5-8. mlenje woyamba amalowetsa agalu ndi kuyendetsa nyama kupita kwa mlenje wachiwiri, yemwe, atadikirira S., amalola agalu ake kuti atembenukire, ndipo iwo mosavuta agwira nyama zomwe zatopetsedwa ndi kuthamangitsa koyamba. Nthawi zina amasaka S. ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Amayi achiKyrgyz nthawi zina amafunafuna azimayi oyembekezera ndipo pambuyo pobala amadzala tiana tating'ono, owetezawa amadyetsedwa mosavuta ndi mbuzi yanyumba ndikuyamba kukhala ouma. Nyama ndi chakudya chokoma cha nomad, nyanga ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posinthanitsa ndi ndalama, ndipo khungu ndiye chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopangira doxes (ma ergaks). Nyanga za S. zazing'ono zimakhala zachikaso kwathunthu, zokhala ndi malekezero akuda, osalala, onyezimira, nyanga za S. zachikasu, zachikasu, zokhala ndi ming'alu yayitali. Wool S. ndi waufupi komanso wokhwima, amapita kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo. Usodzi wa saiga kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 ndiwofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyanga zomwe zimatumizidwa kunafika makumi zikwizikwi pazaka 1894-1896. Vuto lalikulu la usodziwu ndiwakuti linapangidwa panthawi yotentha kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe ogwira ntchito mgodiwo amayenera kunyamula mchere ndi machubu nawo mchere ndi nyama zotulutsidwa kumalo osaka.
REPRODUCING SAIGAS
Nthawi yakukhwima kwa saigas imayamba mu Disembala. Pakadali pano, wamwamuna aliyense amatenga gulu la akazi lomwe limakhala ndi 4-6, ndipo nthawi zina kuchokera kwa akazi 15-20. Amuna achikulire akumenyera nkhondo achikazi. Pakadali pano, anyaniwa amphongo amawonjezeka, ndipo masamba amtundu wa bulawuni amatuluka fungo lochokera ku tiziwalo tating'ono tomwe timayang'ana pafupi ndi maso, pomwe amunawo amadziwana ngakhale usiku.
Akazi a Saiga amatha msamba mchaka choyamba cha moyo, zaka zoyambirira kuposa zazimuna. Ndiye chifukwa chake amuna achikulire nthawi zambiri amagonana ndi akazi azaka 8-9 omwe atha msinkhu. Amuna a Saiga ali otanganidwa kukopa zazikazi ndi matingoti moti samadya chifukwa alibe nthawi yokwanira kufunafuna chakudya. Nyengo ikakwana, anyani amphongo amphanvu komanso kufooka kotero kuti ena mwa iwo amafa. Omwe adapulumuka adalowa gulu lawo kapena amapanga gulu la "bachelor".
Asanabadwe, akazi amabwerera kumalo odyetserako chilimwe. Amapeza magawo obiriwira kwambiri a udzu wokhala ndi udzu wochepa, pomwe adani akuyandikira amawoneka kutali. Akazi atatu mwa anayi amabereka ana amapasa. Kubadwa kwa ana 1 kapena atatu ndi kubereka. Nthawi zambiri zazikazi, zomwe zimayenera kubala ana, zimapanga "zipatala za amayi". Pa mahekitala 1, pa avareji, pakhoza kukhala ana akhanda 5-6. Ana akangobadwa amayenda pamapazi awo ndikuyamba kuthamanga, koma m'masiku oyamba amoyo amagona pamatanda opanda nthaka, kuphatikiza nawo. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira ana amtunduwu ngakhale ataliatali masitepe awiri kapena atatu.
ZOLEMEKEZA ZABWINO
Ndikulonjeza kwambiri ziweto. Ozunza amadyera nyambo za nyama, zikopa ndi nyanga, komwe ochiritsa ku China amapanga mankhwala.
M'masiku akale, ma saigas ankayendayenda pamagulu akuluakulu mu Europe ndi Asia. Kumayambiriro kwa XX century, adatsala pang'ono kuwonongeratu. Komabe, ma saigas, mwamwayi, adatha kupulumutsidwa. Tsopano ng'ombe zawo zikwizikwi zimayendayenda kumapiri a Kazakhstan ndi kumwera kwa Russia, koma ku Mongolia, monga kale, ndizosowa. Nyamazo zimakhala zazing'ono kukula - mpaka 80 masentimita, kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka masentimita 120. Amakhala m'matanthwe, zipululu komanso mapiri. Kuthamanga kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa saiga kumatha kufika 70 km pa ola limodzi.
DZIWANI IZI ZOKHUDZA ZA SAIGA.
- Kuyambira 1840 mpaka 1850, amalonda awiri aku Russia adagulitsa nyanga za saiga pafupifupi 350,000.
- Ngakhale kuti ma saigas nthawi zonse amasunga mazana kapena masauzande a ng'ombe, samayendetsa msipu.
- Kukula kwapafupipafupi kumafunikira ndi saigas chaka chonse - panthawi yosunthira ndi chithandizo chake amasefa fumbi, ndipo nthawi yozizira amasintha mpweya wozizira womwe iwo amatulutsa.
- Amuna a Saiga, amateteza amuna, samalimbana ndi moyo, koma imfa, mlingaliro lenileni la mawu. Ambiri a iwo amafa nthawi yakukhwima.
- Ndizovuta kulima saigas m'malo osungira nyama, chifukwa nyama zowopsa zimathamanga kukayenda ndipo zimathamangira kutsogolo, osatenga misewu padera.
MABWINO GANI PA SAIGAK
Ubweya: Zovala zowala nthawi yotentha zimakhala zofiirira zachikasu, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndizopepuka, zaduwa. Tsitsi pa chibwano limatenga nthawi yayitali nthawi yozizira. Amuna, nthawi yakukhwima, ma mane amakula pakhosi.
Nyanga: amakula mwa amuna okhaokha. Wopulumutsidwa pafupifupi ndi mkhosi. Nyanga ndi zotuluka, zowala pang'ono. Nyanga zambiri zimakhala ndi zitunda zowoneka bwino.
Mutu: Kutupa kwakanthawi kokhala ndi chotsekemera chofewa chokhazikika pamkamwa. Pa nyengo yakukhwima, maubwino amakono a amuna amakula.
Nyanja: wamtali komanso wowonda, akumaliza ndi zala ziwiri ndi ziboda (saiga ndi ya artiodactyls).
- Malo a Saiga
Komwe SAIGAH Akumira
Saiga amakhala kumapiri a Central Asia kudera laling'ono la Russia, ku Mongolia ndi China. M'zaka za XVII, malire akumadzulo a magulu ake adafika ku Carpathians.
KULIMA
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, ma seigas adawopsezedwa kuti adzawonongedwa. Kuyambira mu 1919, saiga yatetezedwa. Chiwerengero cha saigas chakwera kufika pa anthu 1.3 miliyoni, koma onse amakhala m'malo ochepa.