Matenda a impso mu agalu ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi amphaka, komabe galu wachinayi aliyense wazaka amayamba kukumana ndi zovuta ndi chiwalochi. Dziwani kuti mu nyama yolephera kupweteka kwa aimphu sichimathandizika konse ndipo ntchito yonse ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a impso. Dziwani kuti apa pali miyala ya impso, ndi neoplasms, ndi nephrosis yade. Ngati tizinena zamtsogolo za mtunduwu, eni a Chow Chow, Shar Pei, English Setter ndi mitundu ina yofananira ayenera kusamala makamaka - muyenera kuyesedwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikuyang'anira momwe galu alili.
Zoyambitsa Matenda a Impso ya Galu
Pa nsonga yotchuka pakati pa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Ngakhale mutapatuka pang'onopang'ono pazakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchulukitsa izi "pang'ono" mwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya pachaka, ziwiri, zopitilira zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, ndipo mudzazindikira kuti matendawa atha kuyamba. Katundu pa impso ukukula ndipo ngati atha kuthana ndi vuto, pang'onopang'ono mphamvu ya impso imatha ndipo zotsatira zabwino sizingatheke. Ngati tizingolankhula zoyamba za matendawa, ndiye kuti izi ndi zoopsa, kusanza komanso kusowa kudya. Nthawi zambiri mdziko lathu anthu amatanthauza mwamwayi ndi malingaliro osamvetseka "odutsa okha," koma zenizeni zimapezeka kuti galu amayenera kupweteka kwambiri ndikuzunzidwa.
Palinso chifukwa china, chomwe chotchuka kwambiri chimasala kudya kosayenera - mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Mwachitsanzo, ngati galu ali ndi leptospirosis, yemwe palibe aliyense amamuyamwa, ndiye kuti nephritis imayamba kupanga pang'onopang'ono, kenako ndikubaya kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa impso. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi pyroplasmosis, mawonekedwe a matenda a impso, omwe m'njira yoyenera amatsogolera kuimfa. Monga momwe mumamvetsetsa, muyenera kupenda nyama pafupipafupi, ndipo makamaka ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kusanza sikubwera.
Pali chifukwa chachitatu cha zovuta zonsezi, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri mu nyama zazing'ono - nephrotoxins. Ndizinthu izi zomwe zimawonongera impso za nyama. Dziwani kuti nthawi zambiri matenda ngati amenewa amapezeka mwa nyama zomwe sizikudya mundawo, koma amazolowera pansi, omwe amamwa madzi kuchimbudzi - amatha kukhala ndi vuto la impso msanga. Ngakhale kuti galu sangathenso kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri, kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi ndi ma bacteria ndi mabakiteriya kungathe kupirira nawo, chifukwa kulibe chitsimikizo cha 100% ngakhale ndi mavitamini ndi mchere.
Zizindikiro za Matenda A impso ya Galu
Zizindikiro za matenda omwe angobwera kumene amatha kutchedwa kuti zosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, izi ndizowonjezereka zowonekera za ludzu, komanso kuti galu amamwa gawo, koma nthawi yomweyo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Komanso maulendo obwereza thirakiti adzachulukira, ngakhale galu atakhala pampandapo kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10, koma madontho ochepa okha a mkodzo amatuluka. Kupuma kumawonekera, chofunda chimakhala chosalimba. Ngati matendawa adakula kwambiri, ndiye kuti kwamikodzo posunga mkodzo amatha kufikira masiku angapo. Ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo la veterinari yomweyo mukamvetsetsa kuti china chake chikuyenda bwino. Ngakhale kuchedwetsa chithandizo kwa tsiku limodzi lokha kumatha kusintha zinthu, chifukwa, pakatha mphindi 10 muyenera kusuntha ndi galu kuti mukaone dokotala, kapena kuyitanitsa veterinarian kunyumba.
Momwe Mungapewere Matenda mu Galu Wanu
Kulimbana ndi matendawa ndikofunikira nthawi yayitali isanachitike - ili ndiye lamulo lalikulu. Tsoka ilo, ndi kuphweka kwake konse, lamuloli limawonedwa kangapo komanso osati moyenera, ngakhale akatswiri azamakhalidwe amangonena kuti palibe chilichonse ndipo palibe chomwe chingakhale chovuta kutsatira njira yomweyo. Kuyendera kwa dokotala kuyenera kupangidwa pafupipafupi, makamaka ngati galu wanu ali ndi zaka zoposa 5 - galuyo amakhala mgululi.
Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse, muyenera kupereka magazi, kuyesa kwina, kuchita ma ultrasound ndikungofunsa dokotala. Mutha kunena zirizonse zomwe zimabwera m'mutu mwanu. Gwiritsani ntchito zolemba zonse za galu, zikhalidwe zina, fotokozerani thanzi lanu. Mutha kujambula mndandanda wazakudya za zakudya padera kuti muwonetse veterinarian. Osatseka maso anu kuti mutha kudyetsa ziweto zanu molakwika - mukalakwitsa, muyenera kuwongolera m'malo mongotseka maso anu. Kupanga izi kumakhala kosavuta kuposa momwe kumveka. Dziwani kuti nthawi zambiri mavuto a impso amapezeka chifukwa cha kudya kwambiri mapuloteni. Ndi zaka, galu amafunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ena amaganizira, koma kumwa kumakulabe. Kuphatikiza apo, galu amayenera kumwa madzi ambiri momwe angathere. Ngakhale mu amphaka njira yodzitetezera ku matenda a impso imaposa 300 ml tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti agaluwa amatha kukula kawiri mpaka katatu.
Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amatsogolera ku matenda a impso ndi pyroplasmosis ndi leptospirosis. Apanso, akatswiri odziwa za ziweto amateteza mnzanu mosavuta ku matenda owopsa komanso achinyengo, muyenera kungopempha thandizo kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mukudyetsedwa kwambiri, ngati veterinarians akutulutsa ndalama kuchokera mwa inu, koma palibe amene akufuna kuthandizira, ndiye kuti penyani zakudya zanu nokha, yang'anani mkhalidwe wa nyamayo ndikupatsanso madzi ambiri. Moyo wokangalika ndi chikondi cha ena sichingakhale chitetezo chachindunji koma chosachita galu, chifukwa chake galuyo ayenera kukulitsidwa kuti pasakhale chifukwa chodzimvera.
Matenda a impso ofala kwambiri
Agalu, mitundu yotsatirayi yamatenda a impso ndiofala kwambiri:
- glomerulonephritis,
- pyelonephritis,
- nephrossteosis,
- polycystic
- interstitial nephritis,
- matenda a impso (ischemic).
Kuchuluka kwa chithandizo kwa eni agalu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu komanso losavuta la impso ndi 10% ya milandu yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa ndi oopsa, amakhala nthawi yayitali, akusokoneza zochita za machitidwe ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti chiweto chife.
Nthawi zambiri, matenda a impso amapezeka mu agalu azaka zopitilira 4 (80%), koma ma pathologies amawonekeranso ana agalu mpaka chaka chimodzi. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa intrauterine kapena kupindika kwa impso.
Kukhazikika kwa kayendedwe kazaka kumawonekera - nsonga imagwera m'miyezi yophukira, chifukwa cha nyengo. Konyowa, kuzizira, mphepo yamkuntho imatsogolera ku hypothermia ndi kutupa kwa impso.
Gulu la impso
Matenda onse a impso mu agalu amagawidwa malinga ndi njira zingapo:
- Mwa chikhalidwe cha mawonekedwe a pathological:
- kutupa,
- dystrophic,
- Kutengera zotupa za ziwalo:
- minofu yazaka zapakati
- zida zama glomerular
- aimpso buluzi,
- Pofika nthawi ya matendawa:
- lakuthwa
- aakulu
- Chifukwa cha thupi:
- zopatsirana
- parasitic,
- kagayidwe
- poizoni
- zopweteka
- Mwachilengedwe:
- wakhama
- sokoneza
- Malinga ndi kuopsa kwa njirayi:
- ofatsa
- sing'anga
- zolemetsa
- Mwa chiyambi:
- kubadwa
- zopezeka.
Matenda a impso mu agalu amatha kuchitika ngati njira yodziyimira (yoyamba), kapena chifukwa cha zovuta zamatenda oyamba (yachiwiri). Kulephera kwachiwiri kwa impso kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a chitetezo chamthupi chazovuta (matenda a autoimmune), zotupa zam'mimba zomwe zimachitika monga thrombosis, thromboembolism, ndi ochepa hypertension.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zamatenda a impso
Impso zimagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika pakuchita bwino. Kupanga zinthu zodabwitsa komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapoizoni m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti chinyama chonse chizigwira bwino ntchito.
Zizindikiro za matenda a impso mu agalu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe angapo. Koma kutengera mtundu wa njira ya pathological, zizindikiro zake ndizomwe zilipo. Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za njira zomwe zimapangika m'magazi a impso ndi:
- kusintha kununkhira kwa mkodzo (wowola, wowawasa kapena wokhazikika kwambiri),
- kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa gawo la mkodzo,
- kufunda kwamkodzo kumachuluka kapena, mosiyana,
- Kusintha kwa mkodzo wothira mkodzo (kutengera mtundu wa njira yodutsira matumbo, mkodzo umatha kukhala ndi ubweya wofiyira, kusakhala wopanda mtundu, bulauni, mitambo kapena kukayikira),
- kulakalaka kudya ndi ludzu lalikulu,
- Kuchepetsa kwambiri thupi
- kusintha kwa kutentha kwa thupi
- kuwoneka kwa kununkhira kwa ammonia kuchokera kumkamwa wamkati mwa chinyama,
- kuphulika kwa zam'mimba zomwe zimakhudzana ndi vuto la chopondapo,
- kuyanjana kwamphamvu kwa kayendedwe, kulimba pakuyenda kwa nyama poyenda,
- kusapeza bwino pokonzekera kukodza,
- Zochita mosalamulira kukodza (nyamayo ikhoza kulembedwa pabedi, zofunda kapena pamatape),
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osakhala kwachilengedwe mu chiweto popita kuchimbudzi.
Kuti mudziwe bwino chomwe chayambitsa vuto la impso, ndikofunikira kumayesedwa mochipatala. Kuphatikiza posonkhanitsa mayeso a magazi ndi mkodzo, ma ultrasound ndi radiography amachitidwanso.
Kuzindikira koyenera ndikofunikira kupereka mankhwala okwanira komanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa impso. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku wolondola, dokotala wazamaphunziro azitha kupanga njira zoyendetsera munthu payekha.
Matenda a impso wamba agalu ndi chithandizo chawo
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa kapena zimathandizira pakukula kwa matenda a impso. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a impso ndizakudya zopanda chakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi michere yambiri, matenda amtundu, matenda ndi zotupa zama bakiteriya, kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, zotupa, zovuta za pakhungu, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakupha mthupi, komanso kuchepa thupi kwa galu, chifukwa magazi osavomerezeka mkati mwa impso.
Nthawi zambiri, matenda otsatirawa amapezeka agalu:
- Matenda a impso a Polycystic mu agalu - ndi nthenda ya chibadwa, yopatsiridwa ndi cholowa. Anomalies a genetic yomwe imasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a impso imaphatikizanso amyloidosis ndi dysplasia, ndizovuta kuyankha njira zochiritsira, koma adokotala ali ndi mphamvu zoletsa njira zowonongeka za pathological ndikuyambiranso kugwira ntchito momwe angathere. Nyama zokhala ndi matenda a impso a polycystic zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, koma ngati mwini wake atsata malamulo a kudyetsa ndikusamalitsa.
- Miyala ya impso mu galu - matenda omwe amatchedwa urolithiasis, samapezeka mwa agalu nthawi zambiri ngati amphaka, komanso amayambitsa mavuto a impso. Pali matenda chifukwa cha kupangika kwa calculi kuchokera kumchere womwe umapezeka mumkodzo. Miyala ya impso imatha kukhala yaying'ono kapena yayikulu, ndipo poyenda kudzera mu ngalande za impso, imatha kutsata ndipo imayamba kutupa kwambiri. Kuchiza matendawa kumaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala omwe amasungunula pang'ono, komanso kuchitapo kanthu opaleshoni yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wokugwetsa madontho akulu ndikuchotsa thupi lawo pambuyo pake.
- Glomerulonephritis ndi mtundu wotupa womwe sugwirizana mwachindunji ndi wopatsirana. Pali matenda chifukwa chodziwonetsa thupi la zinthu zomwe sizigwirizana, zotupa zamkati, komanso matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya kapena ma virus. Ndi glomerulonephritis, zizindikiritso zomwe zikuwonekera ndizowonjezereka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, zotumphukira edema, kusintha pamithunzi ya mkodzo komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi.
- Pyelonephritis ndi kutupa kwa mapangidwe a impso omwe amayamba chifukwa cha microflora ya bakiteriya ya pathogenic. Pyelonephritis imachitika chifukwa chodziwika ndi staphylococcal, matenda am'mimba, komanso chifukwa cha matenda amthupi ndi tizilombo kapena mafangasi. Matendawa amatha kumangokhala pawokha, koma nthawi zambiri pyelonephritis imakumananso ndi vuto lachiberekero cha chikhodzodzo, njira zopaka ziwalo zina zamkati. Zizindikiro za pyelonephritis zimafotokozedwa ngati kulibe chidwi ndi nyama, kuwonda kwambiri, kukhazikika poyenda, kukweza kutentha kwa thupi kwambiri. Chithandizo cha zotupa mu impso chimaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka ndi antispasmodic, komanso mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki pochiza matenda a pyelonephritis, omwe adotolo amasankha potengera zaka, kulemera ndi thanzi la wodwalayo.
- Nephrosis - njira zowonongeka zomwe zikukula m'matumba a impso. Zotsatira zamachitidwe a kagayidwe kachakudya, kagayidwe kazakudya zamapuloteni amasokonekera, ndipo osasefa zinthu zakupha sizichotsedwapo thupi, koma ikani kuyenderera. Pali zifukwa zambiri zoyambitsa nephrosis. Izi zimatha kukhala poyizoni wa poizoni, njira zotupa mthupi la nyamayo, kusalondola komanso kosayenera kwa matenda a impso, komanso matenda obadwa nawo. Kutengera chifukwa chomwe chayambitsa masinthidwe owopsa m'matumbo a impso, dotolo wa mankhwala amapereka mankhwala. Chotsatira chofunikira ndikutsatira zakudya zinazake, komanso kusankha mankhwala omwe amachotsa zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa.
- Kulephera kwa impso - matenda pang'onopang'ono omwe amakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa magwiridwe antchito a impso. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono komanso popanda zizindikiro zazikulu, amakhudza impso zonse nthawi imodzi. Kuwoneka kwa chizindikiro cha kuperewera kwa impso kumachitika pomwe chiwalo chimodzi chophatikizira chasiya kale kugwira ntchito, chinacho chikukhudzidwa ndi 1/3. Kuchiza kwa matenda am'mimba ndi chizindikiro, chifukwa kuchira kwathunthu sikungatheke.
- Renal cortical hypoplasia - ndi matenda amtundu wobadwa nawo. Imachitika m'mitundu ina ya agalu ndipo ikuphwanya njira yochotsa zinthu zapoizoni m'thupi. Poyerekeza ndi maziko a hypoplasia, kulephera kwa impso kumachitika. Zizindikiro za hypoplasia ya impso imadziwika ndi mkodzo wambiri, kusanza komanso kutsekula m'mimba. Matendawa samalandiridwa ndipo mankhwalawa amangodzipereka ngati mankhwala a ziweto. Nthawi zambiri, nyamayi imafa chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti urolithiasis agalu agulidwe?
Zakudya zomwe sizinapangidwe bwino zimakhudza kukula kwa urolithiasis, pamene zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri umadya mu zakudya za galu kapena zakudya zimakhala ndi protein yambiri, kuchepa kwa mavitamini A ndi D, chakudya chodyetsedwa, kudyetsa, etc.
Mbadwo wa agalu - Matendawa amafotokozedwanso m'magalu azaka zapakati.
Chizindikiro chogonana - mwa amuna chifukwa cha urethra wautali, matendawa amalembedwa pafupipafupi.
Pali mtundu wodziwika bwino wopanga mwala. Agalu ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa urolithiasis amatha kudwala kuposa mitundu yayikulu ya agalu. Pakati pa agalu, ma pug, Pekingese, dachshunds, terriers, bulldogs, Dalmatians, ndi hound nthawi zambiri amadwala.
Kuchepa kwa kuyenda kwa galu, moyo wokhalitsa - kusowa mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, kuyenda kosowa, kusowa kwa madzi.
Zizindikiro za matendawa. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatengera malo amiyala ya mkodzo ndi kugonana kwa galu.
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha urolithiasis mu agalu ndikulephera kwa galu kudzipatula mwachizolowezi kapena kovuta kukodza. Mkodzo wa galu umatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina umasokonekera, mkodzo mukapenda mosamala, mwini galuyo amapeza magazi. Akatswiri azachipatala amasiyanitsa madigiri angapo a chitukuko cha urolithiasis, iliyonse yomwe imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zamankhwala.
Subclinical mawonekedwe a urolithiasis. Ndi mawonekedwe awa, zizindikiro zamatenda za galu sizitha kuwonekera. Miyala yamikodzo ya galu imatha kukhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Gawo lamiyala yamikodzo mu galu imatha kuwazindikira ndi x-ray. M'magalu ena, matenda amtunduwu amaphatikizidwa ndi kutukusira kwamtundu wa genitourin.
Wofatsa urolithiasis. Ndi mawonekedwe awa, galu wanu amatha kupempha chimbudzi, panthawi yomwe kukodza kungathe kuwonjezeka pang'ono. Eni ake a nyamayo nthawi zambiri amazindikira kukhalapo kwa magazi mkodzo, galu nthawi zambiri amayamwa maliseche ake, atakodza, madontho amwazi atatsalira m'chiuno cha mkazi kapena pamphepete mwa mbolo yaimuna. Nthawi zina eni agalu amapeza madontho am magazi kuchokera mkodzo pansi.
Mkulu urolithiasis. Mwanjira iyi, madontho ang'onoang'ono a mkodzo amatulutsidwa pokodza galu, tenesmus amawoneka galu, galu amalira, amanjenjemera, amawoneka wamantha komanso wowopsa, ma piss pamalo osamveka, magazi amawoneka bwino mkodzo wa galu (magazi mkodzo wa agalu). Agalu opirira mukamakodza amakhala pansi, osakweza manja awo. Atsikana amakhala pansi pafupipafupi, mkodzo pokodza kapena osakhuta konse, kapena ndizochepa kwambiri. Pakuwunika kwa galu wotere, mwa kupweteka kwa m'mimba, wowonetsa vetera amawona kuti chikhodzodzo ndi chodzaza komanso chokhazikika. Galu alibe chidwi, galuyo amangokhala wowopsa komanso wowopsa. Pamapeto pa matenda ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu, galu sangathe kukodza konse, galuyo amakhala wofooka, kutentha thupi ndikotheka. Galu limakonda kusanza (kusanza mu agalu), kusowa kwamadzi kumachitika, kukokana.
Kuzindikira urolithiasis amadziwika ndi veterinarian wa chipatala pamaziko a zisonyezo za matendawa, kusanthula kwamkodzo (maselo a epithelial, makamaka impso ndi chikhodzodzo ndi kuchepa kwa granular, makhiristo a calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate ndi patatu patatu), zotsatira za x-ray (miyala ikuwoneka pachithunzi cha x-ray), ndipo Zotsatira za ultrasound (timapeza komwe kuli miyala yamikodzo, kukula kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwake). Pofuna kupatula kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a genitourinary thirakiti, ndikofunikira kutenga smear pa microflora ndikupanga kafukufuku wa bacteriological wa mkodzo mu labotale yanyama. Monga matenda onse, kuyezetsa magazi komanso a biochemical kukachitika mu chipatala cha Chowona Zanyama.
Pazithandizo ndi kupewa urolithiasis, onani nkhani yathu ya urolithiasis agalu.
Nephrossteosis kapena "impso zokulira", - Nephrossteosis ndi njira yodutsitsa impso yoyambitsidwa ndi zotupa za impso arterioles, kuchuluka kwa minofu yolumikizana, atrophy of the parenchyma, limodzi ndi kuphwanya kwa thupi ndi kapangidwe ka impso.
Ntchito zazikulu za impso
Matenda a impso ali m'malo achiwonetsero ku matenda khumi owopsa omwe amachititsa kuti nyamayo iphedwe. Vuto lalikulu ndikuphwanya ntchito zoyambira impso ndikulephera kubwezeretsa ziwalo zowonongeka kale. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo, monga chotere, chimangothandizira kuchirikiza ntchito ya impso, makamaka muzochitika zapamwamba. Impso zimagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika:
- Kuyeretsa magazi amthupi kuchokera ku poizoni wopangidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chakudya, madzi, mpweya, ndi zina zambiri.
- Kuthetsa ziphe, mwachitsanzo, omwe adya ndi chakudya kapena chifukwa cha kupuma kwa mpweya wapoizoni.
- Madzi ochulukirapo amathandizidwanso kudzera mu impso.
Impso zimagwira nawo ntchito yopanga mahomoni ofunikira, omwe ndi erythropoietin, ndiye amachititsa kuti maselo ofiira a m'magazi apangidwe. Ntchito ya impso imagwirizanitsa ndi mchere komanso madzi mthupi la chinyama. Impso ngati chida chosasinthika, ngati imodzi mwa njirayi idawonongeka, ntchito ya enawo imayamba kukula.
Zofunika: Vuto lalikulu ndikutsimikiza kwakanthaŵi kwa matenda a impso mu nyama, chifukwa zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera ngakhale pomwe vutolo litanyalanyazidwa. Ndipo nthawi zina kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, atazindikira, ndi 60%. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda a impso:
- Zonunkhira.
- Matenda
Fomu ya pachimake imadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a kufalikira kwamatenda m'magulu amodzi a impso. Matenda a impso mu chiweto amatha kukhala asymptomatic kwa zaka zingapo. Zambiri zimatengera kuthekera kwa chitetezo chazinyama. Nthawi zambiri agalu amapezeka ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika.
Gulu la Matenda A Impso
Matenda aimpso:
Pyelonephritis kumachitika ngati kutupa kwamkati mwa ziwalo zolumikizana za ziwalo ndi aimpso. Amayamba chifukwa cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya:
- E. coli
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
- staphylococcus ndi ena
Komanso matendawa amatha kukhala ngati vuto la cystitis kapena kutukusira kwa maliseche ndi kwamkodzo. Kukhalapo kwa chotupa chamkati chilichonse chimakwiyitsanso matenda. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa impso zonse. Pyelonephritis imayenda mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti nyama yokhala ndi kukokoloka kwa matenda imafa mkati mwa maola 24.
Glomerulonephritis ndimatenda osapatsirana a impso. Zimakula ngati zovuta kuchokera ku matenda am'mbuyomu:
- pachimake thupi lawo siligwirizana,
- Zilonda zanyama zosayendetsedwa bwino,
- kutupa kwambiri kwamkati,
- matenda opatsirana opatsirana.
Ngati mphutsi zaimpso zowonongeka, zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni ndi kuperewera kwa mapuloteni m'thupi la nyamayi, nephrosis imayamba. Kulephera kwamkati ndi gawo lomaliza la matendawa. Kulephera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa vuto lililonse la impso kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo chosalamulirika. Ngati galuyo anapatsidwanso matenda amenewa, ndiye kuti moyo winawo wopatsidwayo udzachepetsedwa kuti mupeze chiweto chokha pang'onopang'ono ndi jakisoni.
Yang'anani! Kuti muwone kutsimikizika kwa matenda a impso, kupenda mokwanira ndikofunikira. Tsimikizani kulongosola kwatsatanetsatane komwe kumayambitsa kulephera kwa impso, kulondola kwa chithandizo chomwe adasankhidwa ndi veterinarian kuchitira nyama zimatengera izi.
Zoyambitsa matenda a impso
Pali zifukwa zingapo zopezera matenda a impso:
- Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndikusowa kwa michere kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa vitamini ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha galu.
- Kukhalapo kwa matenda obadwa nawo. Ziweto zoyetsedwa bwino zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi. Matenda, kupeza mawonekedwe osakhazikika mwanjira yina, kumayambitsa kulephera kwa impso.
- Matenda akulu opatsirana kapena mabakiteriya.
- Kufooka m'thupi.
- Kupezeka kwa zotupa mthupi la nyama.
- Kudzikundikira kwa poizoni.
- Poyizoni pachimake.
- Kutopa kwambiri kwa nyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi asamayende bwino.
Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa ndipo pakuwonekera koyamba kwa zachilendo, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a impso mu agalu
Zizindikiro za matenda a impso zimatha kuchitika kwa milungu ingapo, pang'onopang'ono zikuipiraipira mzanu wa miyendo inayi. Sikoyenera kuzindikira kokha mwa zizindikiro zowoneka za galu wopweteketsa. Zowonadi, zizindikiro za zovuta zambiri zaumoyo ndi zofanana. Nayi mndandanda wa zazikulu zazikulu za matenda:
- Kuchepetsa kwambiri chilakolako chofuna kudya kapena kukana chakudya kwathunthu.
- Kuchulukitsa ludzu, ndikofunikira kuti galuyo azikhala ndi mbale yonse yamadzi atsopano.
- Chimbudzi chimakonda kukakamizidwa, pomwe mkodzo umakhala wochepa kapena waukulu.
- Kusintha kumatha kuonekeranso nyama.
- Mkhalidwe wammbuyo.
- Mtundu wa mkodzo umasintha, kutengera chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, umatha kukhala wamagazi, wopanda mtundu kapena wamtambo, ndikakhala ndi zosayenera zina.
- Fungo la mkodzo limakhala lakuthwa.
- M'mbuyomu, galu wokhala ndiukhondo amayamba kuyenda pazinthu zazing'ono m'malo osiyanasiyana: kunyumba, m'galimoto.
- Fungo la ammonia lochokera mkamwa likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'thupi la chinyama.
- Kutsegula m'mimba.
- Mtundu wanyimbo. Chifukwa cha kupweteka kosalekeza, nyamayi imayamba kupukusa msana wake mosadziwika.
- Kutupa kwa agalu kumawonekera. Ziwalo zina zathupi zimatha kutupira: dera lam'mimba, matumbo apamwamba a nyama.
- Ululu ndi kulira kwa chiweto mukakodza.
- Ngati uyu ndi wamwamuna, ndiye paulendo wakuchimbudzi amakhala pansi, mmalo mokweza mawondo ake.
- Mu lilime la galu, kuphimba kofiirira kumawonedwa.
Kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zingapo kuyenera kumchenjeza mwini galuyo. Mukamaona dokotala mwachangu, chonde chiweto chanu chimakhalabe ndi moyo.
Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo
Kuti mudziwe bwino, muyenera kudziwa bwinobwino za matenda anuwo. Kulondola kwa chithandizo kumatengera mtundu wamatendawo. Dokotala wofufuza yekha ndi omwe angadziwe kuti ndi matenda ati a impso omwe akhudza chiweto.
Kuchiza matenda a impso mu agalu kumatha kutenga nthawi yayitali. Zambiri zimatengera kusasamala kwa mlandu winawake, kudziwa mtundu wa matendawa. Pambuyo pofotokozera za ma nuances onse, chithandizo cha mankhwala chimaperekedwa. Ndikofunika kusamala ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo kuti asawononge nyama. Choyamba muyenera kupereka mwayi wopezeka ndi madzi kuti muchepetse kusowa kwamadzi.
Mwanthawi yayitali, ndizosatheka kuchiritsa galu kotheratu, chithandizo chamankhwala chitha kuchepetsa maumbidwe, mwakutalikitsa moyo wa nyama.
Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa choyambitsa chitukuko, ichi ndi chomwe chikhala maziko a chithandizo cha agalu.
Kutsatira zakudya zapadera, zomwe zimayikidwa ndi dokotala potengera zotsatira za mayeso. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kumatengera momwe matendawo aliri komanso momwe nyama ikuyendera.
Mulimonsemo matendawa ndi amodzi, ndipo kuchitira galu kunyumba osakambirana ndi katswiri kumawopseza kuphedwa kwa chiweto.
Mankhwala abwino kwambiri ndi kupewa
Popewa kukula kwa matenda a impso, tsatirani njira zingapo zodzitetezera. Adziteteza bwenzi lanu la miyendo inayi ndikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali.
- Musalole galu kusewera pagulu la agalu osochera. Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kogwira matenda aliwonse kwa iwo.
- Pezani katemera panthawi yake kuti musadwale matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavuto.
- Musalole galu kudya zopweteka ndipo onetsetsani kuti nyamayo imalandira mavitamini ndi michere yonse yofunikira ndi chakudya.
- Khalani ndi mayeso anu kwa veterinarian kuti muwone zovuta zomwe zingachitike mu nthawi.
Onani mawonekedwe a chiweto chanu, ngati galuyo anayamba kuchita zachilendo kapena atayamba kudya madzi ambiri kuposa masiku onse, ndiye muyenera kuwunika ngati ali ndi matenda.
Kulimbikitsa chidwi ndi mnzake wa miyendo inayi kumathandiza kupewa zovuta zingapo zokhudzana ndi thanzi la nyama. Ngakhale chiweto chanu chikadwala, muyenera kulumikizana ndi veterinarian nthawi yomweyo, izi zikuthandizani kuyamba chithandizo mwachangu ndikuchepetsa zovuta mu galu.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kulephera kwa impso
Matenda a impso mu agalu amaphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro wamba, koma pali mawonekedwe omwe ali odziwika kokha kwa mtundu wina wa matenda. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe akunja a kulephera kwa impso:
- kutopa ndi kutopa kwa nyama,
- kuchepa kwamtima
- kuwonda
- pallor wa mucous nembanemba,
- khungu lowuma,
- kupweteka pa palpation mu lumbar dera ndi pokodza,
- zithunzi zowoneka
- kuphwanya mayendedwe ndi mgwirizano wamagulu,
- kuchuluka kukodza pokodza ndi kuchepa kwa mkodzo wambiri (oliguria), mpaka kumaliza kukodza kwamkodzo (anuria),
- kusungunuka kwa madzi m'thupi kumabweretsa kupangika kwa edema,
- pali zizindikiro za kulephera kwa mtima (makamaka ndi glomerulonephritis),
- njira zotupa zimayendera limodzi ndi malungo,
- poyizoni wazinthu zowola zimayambitsa kusanza, kukhumudwa, kukwiya.
Maphunziro a labotale amkati amasintha momwe amapangira, kuchuluka kwake, mtundu wake:
- mkodzo umakhala wakuda, mitambo,
- kachulukidwe ka mkodzo kamachepetsedwa
- mu mkodzo, kupezeka kwa: mapuloteni, magazi, maselo a epithelium ofooka, masilinda a mapuloteni, zomwe zimakhala ndi leukocytes zimawonetsa mabacteria omwe ali ndi matendawa.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwachipatala tazindikira izi:
- kuchuluka kwa urea ndi creatine, komwe kumawonetsa acidosis,
- mchere wambiri - potaziyamu, magnesium, phosphorous ndi kuchepa kwa calcium ndi sodium,
- kutsika kwapakati pa maselo ofiira am'magazi (magazi m'thupi),
- kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amtundu wa neutrophilic,
- kuchuluka kwa ESR.
Kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda am'mimba kumabweretsa kuledzera kowonjezereka ndi zinthu zowonongeka, kusokonekera kwa madzi amchere mchere wamatumbo ndi pH, kuchepa kwa njira za metabolic, kuwonjezeka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni komanso kuphwanya njira zapulasitiki. Kuperewera kwa mankhwalawa kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwa kusintha kwa pathological ndi kufa kwa galu.
Njira zodziwira matenda amisempha
Kuti muzindikire zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndikuwonetsetsa kuyipa kwa mchitidwe wazachipatala, kuwunika mosiyanasiyana kumachitika. Imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- kutumiza kwamankhwala, zamankhwala am'magazi, maphunziro a magazi ndi mkodzo,
- Ultrasound ya ntchito ndi momwe impso ndi ziwalo zam'mimbamo,
- CT kapena MRI pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kofikira impso.
Kutengera ndi zotsatira za ma laboratore, thupi, maphunziro othandizira komanso kusanthula kwa zidziwitso zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, veterinarian amapanga diagnostic ndikukhazikitsa njira yothandizira odwala. Kukhazikitsidwa kuti chomwe chimayambitsa kwambiri matenda a impso mu agalu ndikuphwanya zomwe zili, zolakwika pakudya za ziweto. Chifukwa chake, vuto lalikulu lili ndi eni nyamayo.
Njira zochizira matenda am'mimba
Chithandizo chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga:
- mankhwala
- physiotherapy,
- Zakudya
- opaleshoni.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi mawonekedwe:
Cholinga chowonetsera | Gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo | Dzina lamankhwala |
Bacteria ndi matenda opatsirana | Maantibayotiki | Biseptolum, Nitroksolin, Amoxicillin, Tsifran, Baytril |
Kupsinjika kwa immunological zochita, kusintha kwamkodzo kuchotsa, kuchotsa edema | Glucocorticoids | Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Metipred |
Kulimbitsa diuresis, kuthetsa edema | Zodzikongoletsera | Furosemide, Veroshpiron |
Matenda a potaziyamu m'thupi | Kukonzekera kwa potaziyamu | Panangin, Asparkam |
Kuthana kwa njira zoperewera m'mimba, thirakiti loyendetsera matumbo, kukhazikika kwa mapangidwe a urea | Mankhwala opha tizilombo | Lactusan, Lactulose (Enema), Vetom |
Kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa mchere wamadzi | Madonsi okhala ndi mayankho a saline | Ringer Ringer |
Kupumula | Antispasmodics | No-shpa, papaverine |
Kusungabe ntchito ya mtima, kusintha kukakamira | Mankhwala a antihypertensive, cardioprotectors | Enap, Carboxylase, Preductal, Riboxin, Neoton |
Ngati ndi kotheka komanso kuledzera kwambiri, dialysis imayikidwa:
- hemodialysis,
- hemosorption
- plasmapheresis
- peritoneal dialysis.
Mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi ofunikira kwambiri pochiza matenda aimpso komanso kupewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda. Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopangidwa moyenera, ndizotheka:
- kufooketsa zizindikiro za matenda amisempha mu mawonekedwe a matenda a dyspeptic,
- Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni muzakudya kumathandiza kuthana ndi acidosis,
- Kuchulukitsa zomwe zimakhala mu chakudya kumapereka njira ina yothetsera poizoni ndi zinthu zopangira metabolic - okhala ndi ndowe,
- kupereka mchere ndi mavitamini kuti abwezeretse kagayidwe,
- Kubwezeretsa kulemera kwa thupi mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zopanda mapuloteni, mavitamini, michere yofunika yamafuta.
Mwazowopsa, opaleshoni ingafunike, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa calculi ku impso. Vuto ndiloti si onse veterinarians omwe angapereke chithandizo cha opaleshoni kwa aimpso. Pofuna kupewa matenda akuluakulu a impso, osakhalitsa komanso okwera mtengo, njira za prophylactic ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Matenda a impso
Pali gawo loyambirira la matenda a impso mu agalu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Dalmatians, dachshunds, bulldogs, terriers nthawi zambiri kuposa mitundu ina, urolithiasis imapezeka. Chifukwa chake, mwini wake ayenera kudziwa mawonekedwe a mtundu wa ziweto zake ndikuthana ndi matenda a impso:
- Pitani kuchipatala cha vet pafupipafupi kuti muwone momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito.
- Yang'anirani dongosolo la zakumwa, makamaka mukamadya zakudya zouma komanso magalimoto ambiri, komanso nthawi yanthawi yotentha.
- Ndi zaka, kupita ku chipatala Chowona Zanyama kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika - osachepera kamodzi mu miyezi 6.
Monga momwe ochitira veterinarians komanso zowerengera zimasonyezera, thanzi ndi moyo wa chiweto chake zimatengera kayendedwe kabwino ka mwini wake. Izi zimathandizanso kwa a impso pathologies agalu.
Kuteteza Matenda a Impso
Mavuto a impso za agalu ndizosavuta kupewa, chithandizo cha panthawi yake cha ecto ndi endoparasites, ndi katemera malinga ndi dongosolo la katemera. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wamkati wamkati wa nyama, makamaka nkhama ndi mano. Zimatsimikizirika kuti njira yotupa yotulutsa mkamwa imakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a impso.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyeseza ngati mukuyesa kuchipatala chofufuza zanyama kamodzi m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mutha kungotenga mkodzo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyang'anira mawonekedwe a impso.
Izi zimathandiza kupewa kukanika kwa aimpso ndi zina zomwe sizovuta kuchiza.
Monga prophylaxis, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala potengera zomera pazomera. Chimodzi mwa mankhwalawa ndi Phytoelitis "Impso Zabwino". Izi ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri mankhwala omwe ali ndi antispasmodic, saline ndi anti-yotupa.
Gawo lofunikira poletsa matenda a impso mu agalu ndi chakudya chopangidwa bwino. Kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kutopa, zimayambitsa vuto la impso. Matenda a systemic pakugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lonse logaya chakudya amakhudzana kwambiri ndi matenda a impso agalu, makamaka atakwanitsa zaka 5.
Mapuloteni ambiri, amitundu yotsika mtengo ya chakudya, osagaya chakudya ndi galu, amalimbikitsa kupsinjika. Choopsa cha matenda a impso ndichakuti pakalibe zizindikiro kapena ngati simulandira chithandizo mwadzidzidzi, matendawo amakhala osachiritsika ndipo sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu.
Kutupa kwa impso
Kuvuta kwa impso mu agalu kumatchedwa glomerulonephritis. Kukula kwa matendawa kumalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimazungulira mu mtima mwa impso ndipo chimasungidwa pang'onopang'ono mu zida za glomerular. Izi zimadzetsa kutupa komwe kumapangitsa minofu kukhala yodzaza ndi ma neutrophils, macrophages, ndi ma cell ena am'magazi. Zambiri zomwe zimagwira payekhapayekha kapena palimodzi zimabweretsa kukula kwa matenda:
- othandizira opatsirana
- majeremusi
- neoplasms
- kagayidwe kazakudya (hyperadrenocorticism, matenda osokoneza bongo),
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe si a antiidal.
Kuwonongeka kwa impso koyambirira kumayambitsa kukoka kwa minofu ndi matenda a impso. Glomerulonephritis ndimtundu wofala wa kulephera kwa impso. Agalu amakulanso kulephera kwa mtima ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Matendawa amatha kuchitika mu galu azaka zilizonse, obereketsa komanso jenda.
Matenda a impso otupa mu agalu samawoneka koyambirira, ndipo matendawa amapezeka mwa mwayi kuchokera ku mayeso a mkodzo wa Laborator. Zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba zimakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa mapuloteni otulutsa mkodzo. Agalu amawonetsa kufooka, kutopa kumayambiriro kwa kutupa. Pamene kuwonongeka kwa impso kumayamba, zizindikiro zakulephera zimayamba kuonekera:
- polyuria
- ludzu,
- edema wambiri,
- m'mimba kukomoka,
- kusanza
- kutopa
- dyspnea,
- zotupa m'mimba ndi khungu.
Mukamayang'ana mkodzo, mumapezeka michere yambiri, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi matenda amkodzo thirakiti, zotupa ndi matupi achilendo. Koma kwa matenda awa, kukhalapo kwa maselo ofiira am'madzi mu mkodzo wa mkodzo amakhalanso ndi chikhalidwe. Chizindikiro cha glomerulonephritis ndi proteinuria popanda kukodza kwamikodzo.. Koma kumapeto, pamene glomeruli yambiri ikuphatikizidwa ndi pathological process, protein protein ingathe kuchepa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa proteinuria zimatha kupezeka ndi electrophoresis ya mkodzo kapena magazi. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray ndi ma ultrasound kuti muwone kusintha kwazinthu ndizosatheka. Moyang'aniridwa ndi ultrasound, biopsy ya impso imachitidwa, ndikofunikira kupatula amyloidosis.
Chithandizo cha glomerulonephritis chimafuna kusintha pazomwe zidyetsa galu. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupatsa chiweto kuchipinda chofunda, chowuma. Zakudyazo zimagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zama protein ambiri. Patsiku loyamba ndi lachiwiri, ndikofunikira kuti mupereke zakudya zoyenera. Ndipo kenako pang'onopang'ono ma digestible feed opanda sodium chloride amaphatikizidwa pang'onopang'ono muzakudya.
Chofunikira pankhani ya chithandizo ndi kuponderezana kwa chitetezo cha mthupi:
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a glucocorticoid amatsutsana pakupezeka kwa nayitrogeni mkodzo. Chithandizo chimachitika kufikira mulingo wa mapuloteni m'mwazi ubwezeretsedwanso ndikuchoka mkodzo.
Maantibayotiki ndi cephalosporins amapatsidwa njira zochizira matenda. Agalu amapatsidwa ampicillin, oxacillin, azithromycin, kefzol, cefamezin. Nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala a sulfa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakakhala magazi mu mkodzo, nyama zimapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Agalu amadziwika ndi aminocaproic acid, vicasol, dicinone, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate.
Zoyenera kuchita kuti mukhale ndi thanzi la impso?
1. Osalola kukhudzana ndi ma strollers, inocrate ndikuchita anthelmintic prophylaxis munthawi. Yang'anirani mosamala momwe mano ndi mano zilili - kutupa kosalekeza kwamkamwa nthawi zonse kumakhudza ntchito ya impso.
2. Ganizirani mozama za zakudya zanu. Kutopa, komanso kunenepa kwambiri, kumawononga impso. Mavuto am'mimba omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale kugaya zakudya ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri a impso, makamaka agalu akulu kuposa zaka zisanu. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, chakudya chotsika mtengo, chakudya chosayenera cha m'mimba mwa galu - uwu ndi katundu woopsa wazimpso.
3. Ingothirirani galu ndi madzi a m'mabotolo kapena osasefera. Onetsetsani kuti chiweto chanu sichikuvutika ndi ludzu.
4. Pewani kusunga kwamikodzo. Yendani katatu pa tsiku kwa mphindi zosachepera 30, ngakhale nyengo ili bwanji.
5. Musalole kuchepa kwa ntchito. Masewera olimbitsa thupi kamodzi pa sabata.
6. Pewani hypothermia, kukonzekera. Agalu okalamba nthawi yozizira ayenera kuvala. Musalole kuti chiweto chanu chigonere pa tayala pafupi ndi fan.
7. Osamagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoluka, zolemera m'khosi, zolimba komanso zoluka. Ma mbale akuyenera kuyimilira, pafupifupi pamlingo wa chifuwa. Phunzitsani galu wanu kulamula kuti musachite kukoka thukuta. Katundu wambiri pamitsempha yam'mimba imayambitsa impso, kusokonezeka kwa mkodzo, kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi mitsempha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magazi kwa impso kumawonongeka.
Zotsatira zowopsa zitha kuchitika ndikumenyedwa komwe kuli impso za agalu (pansi pa mimba, khwangwala, m'mbali kufupi ndi poyambira). Chifukwa chake, pambuyo povulala, ngakhale zazing'ono, ndikofunikira kuti muwonetse dokotala kwa dokotala. Vutoli litha kukhala lopanda mphamvu, koma lingakhale lokwanira kwa matenda opuwala aimpso, omwe amayamba kuonekera pakatha miyezi ngakhale zaka.
Nthawi zambiri, matenda a impso sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu: matendawa amapita patsogolo kapena amayenda mwa mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala ndikuyendera mwadzidzidzi ku chipatala. Kuti musataye nthawi yofunikira, ndikokwanira kutenga kuyesa kwa mkodzo kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kuti muchite izi, simuyenera kupita ndi chiweto chanu kupita kwa dokotala: m'mawa atayikamo mtsuko - amapititsa mkodzo ku chipatala - masiku angapo pambuyo pake adatenga zotsatira zake. Chifukwa chake matendawa adzadziwika koyambirira, ndipo ngakhale galu wokhala ndi impso imodzi, ngati akuchotsedwa amafunika kukhala zaka zambiri zosangalala. Kuzindikira koyambirira kumachedwetsa kukula kwa matenda a impso (kusakwanira), kuthetsa kutupa kosafunikira mpaka pano.
Pyelonephritis
Matendawa amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana - nthawi zambiri mabakiteriya omwe amafalikira m'mitsempha yamagazi, nthawi zambiri kufalikira kumachitika mwa njira ya m'mimba. Pafupipafupi, pyelonephritis mu agalu amakula chifukwa cha ma pathologies a ziwalo zina zamkati. Matendawa amadziwikiratu ndi nyama zomwe zimapanikizika ndi mafupa a impso (zovuta zotuluka mkodzo), ndizovuta zina zaimpso, komanso pambuyo pa hypothermia.
Chithunzi cha chipatala cha mawonekedwe owopsa:
- malungo,
- kugunda kwamtima,
- kupuma kosakhazikika, pafupipafupi,
- kulibe chakudya
- kutopa.
Fomu yovuta ya pyelonephritis imadziwika ndi nthawi yochulukirapo, zizindikiro zikaoneka, koma sizinatchulidwe motero. Zina ndizosintha pakugwira ntchito kwa genitourinary system. Pakuluma kwa lumbar, zimachitika zowawa zimadziwika, komanso agalu amamva kupweteka pokodza, mkodzo umachotsedwamo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, chiweto chimasinthasintha mayendedwe, ndikufuula.
Mtsempha umakhala ndi zosayera zosiyanasiyana - magazi, mafinya, mapale. Mukamaphunzira mitsempha yam'mimba, maselo ofiira am'magazi, epithelium ya renal tubules, leukocytes, mabakiteriya amapezeka mmenemo. Kachulukidwe ka mkodzo kachulukidwe, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni. Pofuna kumveketsa bwino za kufufuzaku, kuwunika kwa ultrasound ndi scan ya MRI kumachitika.
Mankhwala, maantibayotiki omwe amachotsa impso popanda kusintha m'chiwindi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chinyama chodwala chimaloledwa kupuma, kuyikidwa m'chipinda chofunda, kupewa hypothermia. Kwa masiku awiri oyambilira a galu, galu amayikidwa kudya chakudya. Kenako, zakudya zopukusa zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni komanso osawuka mu shuga ndi mchere zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya.
Poletsa microflora, ndikofunikira kuchita njira yothandizira antimicrobial. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo:
- ampicillin
- amoxicillin
- machez
- trimethoprim,
- amphan.
Chithandizo cha mankhwala opha maantibayotiki ndi sulfonamides zimatha milungu iwiri. Asanayambe maphunzirowa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya kuti muzitha kudziwa antibacterial. Popanda zabwino, ndikofunikira kusintha mankhwalawa.
Kuphatikizika kwa njira zochizira kumakhala ndi diuretics. Agalu amalumikizidwa ndi mchere wa mchere ndi zina mwa plasma. Monga mankhwala a diuretic, dicarb, lasix, urolesan amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Matenda a impso osatupa
Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa dystrophic mu minofu yokhala ndi kuphatikizira kwa ma tubules a ubongo. Woopsa komanso matenda opatsirana, matendawa amakhala a sclerosis pomwe minofu yolumikizira imalowetsa vuto la impso. Zoyambitsa matenda:
- matenda oyamba impso agalu,
- arsenic, lead, zinc poyizoni,
- kugwiritsa ntchito ivermectin, sulfonamides, mankhwala osokoneza bongo,
- zoyambira matenda
- miyala ya impso mu agalu
- matenda kagayidwe.
Agalu odwala, kukomoka, kuchepa kwa chidwi cha chakudya, komanso ulesi zimadziwika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala dongosolo logaya chakudya. Pamene matenda akupita patsogolo, zizindikiro za kulephera kwa impso zimayamba kuwonekera - edema ya minofu yolowerera, makamaka m'makope ndi underparts, mawonekedwe osavuta, kudzaza kofooka. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwa kusefukira kwamanjenje, limodzi ndi kukhumudwa.
Gawo loyamba limadziwika ndi kuchepa kukodza, mkodzo umakhala wonenepa. Koma m'mene matenda akupita patsogolo, kachulukidwe ka mkodzo kamachepa (mpaka 1.001 g / l), diuresis imakwera, ndipo mphamvu ya kusintha kwamkodzo.
- kusanza
- chikanga pakhungu, kuyabwa,
- mucous nembanemba amakhala amphongo ndi tint lapansi,
- Kutupa kwa malekezero,
- dyspnea,
- kufooketsa kwa mtima ntchito.
Mbali yodziwika ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamkodzo pokodza pafupipafupi. Mukamayang'ana mkodzo, mapuloteni, epithelium, maselo ang'onoang'ono am magazi, masilindala amapezeka mmenemo. Pozindikira, ma ultrasound ndi impso a biopsy amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuchiza kuyenera kuthandizira kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi kulipiritsa ntchito ya impso. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimatengera zovuta zake. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala poizoni, antitoxic mankhwala amachitika - ma antidoteti enieni, adsorbents, okodzetsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira zathupi zathupi zimayikidwa.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda, muyenera:
- ma antibayotiki (tetracycline, amoxicillin),
- sulfonamides (sulfatrimethoprim, sulfadimesin),
- immunostimulants (interferon, mixoferon).
Perinephral blockade imagwira ntchito bwino. Novocaine adalowetsedwa m'matumbo amafuta ozungulira impso m'dera lumbar. Maantibayotiki amalimbikitsidwa limodzi ndi novocaine.
Nthawi zambiri, nephrossteosis imayendera limodzi ndi kuphwanya kwam'mimba. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira, ma adsorbents poyeretsa m'mimba thirakiti. Zakudya zochepa zimayikidwa, ndipo tsiku loyamba la chithandizo ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musadye galu konse. Kenako yikani kukonzekera kwa enzymatic, antiseptic agents.
Renal adenocarcinoma
Uku ndikuwopsa koopsa kwa agalu, zomwe zimakhudza impso zonse ndi chikhalidwe cha kufalikira kwa metastases. Matendawa ndi osowa. Amuna okalamba amakhala ndi vuto lililonse; Chotupa chimayamba kwa nthawi yayitali popanda chithunzi chamankhwala, kenako zosintha zosadziwika
- kusowa kwa chakudya,
- kutopa
- ulesi,
- magazi mkodzo
- pallor wa mucous nembanemba ndi khungu.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kukuwonetsa kuchepa kwa hemoglobin ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Magawo a biochemical magawo nthawi zambiri sasintha. Mumkodzo, mumapezeka magazi ndi mapuloteni ambiri.
Kuti muwonetsetsetsetsetsetsetse, ngati mukupeza impso ndikofunikira kupatula zina ndi zina ndi kusiyanitsa chotupacho. Pesi x-ray ndikofunikira kuzindikira metastases yam'mapapo. Kupenda kwa Ultrasound kwam'mimba ndi mafupa am'mimba amatha kuwonetsa kukhudzidwa kwa ma lymph node.
Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chimalephereka ndikuwonongeka pafupipafupi kwa impso zonse, koma galu amatha kuchitira chotupa cha impso pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi. Radiation therapy ndi chemotherapeutic othandizira amangochita ntchito yothandizira. Koma ngakhale ndi zovuta zonse zochizira, sizotheka kutukula moyo wa chiweto kwa nthawi yoposa chaka. Monga othandizira othandizira, ndikofunikira kukonza kukonza ndi kudyetsa, zomwe zingathandizenso kusintha pang'ono moyo wa chiweto m'miyezi yaposachedwa.