Kutchuka kwakukwera kwa magalimoto kumawonedwa padziko lonse lapansi: anthu ambiri omwe asankha magalimoto amagetsi amayendetsedwa osati ndi chikhumbo chofuna kupulumutsira mafuta, komanso ndi kufunitsitsa kuteteza chilengedwe kuti zisatulutsidwe zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito injini yamagetsi yamkati. Koma kodi magalimoto amagetsi ndiotetezekadi mwachilengedwe kapena ndi nthano chabe?
Kukula kwa malonda amagalimoto
Lingaliro lakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kusunthira magalimoto linafika kwa asayansi m'zaka za XIX. Pakadali pano, dongosololi lapeza moyo wachiwiri; kuphatikiza apo, kupanga luso laukadaulo kwapangitsa kuti athe kumasulira tanthauzo.
Tsopano Norway ndiye mtsogoleri pakugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi: kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi pano ndi 15% ya chiwerengero chonse cha magalimoto pamisewu yakudzikoli. Kugulitsa ku USA ndi mayiko aku Europe kukukula mwachangu. Maboma angapo amapereka zopereka zosiyanasiyana kwa ogula magalimoto okhala ndi magetsi, osawakumbutsa phindu lomwe chilengedwe chimabwera chifukwa chokana kuyendetsa galimoto ndi galimoto yachikhalidwe.
Russia idakali m'mbuyo chifukwa cha izi: Choyamba, boma silipereka phindu lililonse kwa ogula zamagetsi, kachiwiri, zomangamanga zogwiritsidwa ntchito zili muukhanda.
Momwe magalimoto amagetsi amakhudzira chilengedwe
Amakhulupirira kuti kuwonongeka komwe magalimoto amagetsi amayendera pamakhala kochepa kwambiri: mkanganowu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pafupifupi onse opanga magalimoto yamagetsi kuti awonjezeke kukopa kwa zinthu zawo pamaso pa ogula. Komabe, asayansi samayang'ana mbali iyi ndi chiyembekezo chotere. Komanso, zidapezeka kuti zabwino zogwirira ntchito makina ndi mota wamagetsi ndizokayikira kwathunthu: Kupenda mosamalitsa kunachitika poganizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi, ndalama zopangira mabatire ndi zomwe ataya pambuyo pake. Zinapezeka kuti galimoto yamagetsi imavulaza chilengedwe kuposa galimoto yokhala ndi injini yamagetsi yamkati: ngati mumapanga kuwononga ndalamamakina opanga ndi imawononga $ 1,100 ina ndi mota yamagetsi.
Kuti mukwere galimoto yamagetsi, mumafunikira mphamvu zamagetsi, zopangidwa makamaka ndi ma hydro ndi magetsi opangira magetsi, komanso zomangira zamphamvu za nyukiliya, komanso mpaka zochepa - zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo. Njira ziwiri zomaliza zopangira magetsi ndizovuta kwambiri kuzungulira, komabe, phindu la mawonekedwe amtunduwu ndi ochepa kwambiri. Zina zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magetsi pano zimathandizira kwambiri pakuwononga mpweya, popeza magetsi amayendetsa mafuta amoto, gasi ndi mafuta. Magalimoto amagetsi mdziko lapansi, ndiye magetsi ochulukirapo adzafunika, chifukwa chake, mlengalenga monse muipitsidwa.
Vutoli lili ndi mbali zina.: ChoyambaKupanga kwa mabatire agalimoto kumakhala kodetsa kwambiri, kachiwiri, mukugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yamagetsi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timawulowera mumlengalenga, ndikufalikira pamwamba pa malo ambiri (chifukwa chake m'chigawo chomwe kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi kukukula, zochitika zachilengedwe zimayenda bwino pang'ono, koma madera oyandikana nawo akuvutika).
Ndikukayika kuti zabwino zamagalimoto okhala ndi mota wamagetsi ndizokayikitsa: zimangokhala mpaka kumapeto kuti mupeze zomwe zimayipa kwambiri pamlengalenga - magalimoto yamagetsi kapena magalimoto okhala ndi mafuta azikhalidwe ndi injini za dizilo, koma palibe kafukufuku wozama yemwe adachitika pankhaniyi. Pakadali pano, oyendetsa magalimoto otsogola akugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ndalama za anthu komanso zachuma pokonza magalimoto wamagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuwonjezera kutchuka kwawo pakati pa anthu.
Ubwenzi wazachilengedwe
Momwe chilengedwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito magalimoto wamagetsi ndiye poyambira, mkangano waukulu pazokambirana, pomwe anthu omwe amakonda magalimoto apamwamba oyendetsedwa ndi injini yamagetsi oyendetsa mkati (ICE) ndi omwe akutsutsana nawo pang'onopang'ono amatenga nawo mbali. Komabe, masiku ano palibe kutsimikizika komanso malingaliro omaliza pazomwe zanenedwazo ngakhale pagulu la asayansi yachilengedwe, motero limakhala lotseguka.
Nthawi yomweyo, ofufuza (osakakamira zofuna zamakampani zamafuta) amafika pafupifupi pamalingaliro ofanana kapena ofananawo: Magalimoto amagetsi samakhala ovulaza kwachilengedwe kuposa injini zamafuta wamba. Komabe, apa sizingachite popanda ndemanga.
Kuchita Mwamphamvu: ICE vs. Electric Electric
Mbali yamphamvu yamphamvu yamagetsi awiriwa ndiyofunikira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chilengedwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ma motors amagetsi amapereka "chotsukira chotsukira". Koma "zakudya" zawo mwachindunji, kutengera dera lomwe zigwiritsidwe ntchito, zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha mphamvu zopangidwa ndi magetsi osagwirizana ndi chilengedwe omwe amathira mafuta.
Injini yamagalimoto yamagetsiRenaultZoe
Komabe, European Environment Agency idachita ndikufalitsa kafukufukuyu. Kuchokera pamenepo titha kunena kuti, ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yomwe idalandidwa kuchokera kumalo opangira magetsi, mota yamagetsi imangotenga magawo awiri okha a mphamvu zomwe angafunikire kuti galimoto yama petulo igonjetse mtunda womwewo ndi iyo. Mwakuyimira, zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zitha kuwonekera patebulo:
100 km ndi mota yamagetsi
26 MJ akuyenera kuti atenge mafuta ndikubwera nawo mgalimoto. Galimoto payokha imagwiritsa ntchito
142 MJ kuphimba mtunda wotchulidwa.
74 MJ ikuyenera kupanga ndikupereka magetsi kugalimoto. Kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi kumafunika
Ziwerengerozi zikutsimikizira kuti magalimoto amagetsi omwe amawononga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale zimapezekanso m'njira yabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amafuta. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ndiwokhoza mphamvu kuzungulira pafupifupi chilengedwe chilichonse.
Injini yamagalasi
Ma mota amagetsi omwe amawonongerabe mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta oyambira - malinga ndi dziko lonse lapansi, amawotcha pang'ono kuposa injini zamafuta, chifukwa chake, mosagwirizana, zimakhudza kuchepa kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Kupanga, kugwira ntchito, kutaya magalimoto wamagetsi - kodi kuphatikiza kwa njirazi kumavulaza chilengedwe?
Chofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi ndi kupezeka kwawo pakupanga galimoto yamagetsi ndi batri yake. Zachidziwikire, kuyera kwachilengedwe kwa zinthu zoterezi ndizodziwikiratu: zilibe mpweya uliwonse wowopsa, sizigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mafuta ndi mankhwala oopsa monga antifreeze, etc. Koma nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri odziwa asayansi sangathe kufotokozera magalimoto amagetsi oyera kwambiri komanso zonsezi chifukwa kuti apa ndikofunikira kulingalira osati kusowa kwa vuto pakagwiridwe, komanso zinthu zina zingapo. Akatswiri a American The University of California akuwonetsa kuti kuwerengetsa kolondola kwambiri kwa ngozi zamagalimoto kungakhale pokhapokha ngati ochita kafukufuku atawunikira zochitika zonse zamagalimoto amagetsi.
Kodi magalimoto amagetsi amatha kuvulaza chilengedwe?
Ma mota amagetsi amadzipanga okha “ngati magetsi oyera”, osawotcha chilichonse, osapanga mipweya yobiriwira. Motere, ngakhale magalimoto omwe amakhala ochezeka kwambiri komanso aposachedwa kwambiri amagetsi "amawataya". Komabe, vuto ndiloti utsi wachangu sindiwo wongogwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto.
Chifukwa chake, ofufuza ku Yunivesite ya Edinburgh adazindikira kuti kungogwira ntchito kwamagetsi amagetsi kumabweretsa kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa microparticles mu chilengedwe. Izi zimachitika poyenda mgalimoto, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwa timapangidwa kuposa momwe timagwiritsira ntchito ICE. Kafukufuku wina adatsimikiziranso izi. Microparticles yamtunduwu imapangidwa nthawi ya broker ndi mathamangitsidwe.
Magwero ake ndi:
- Makina a brake
- Matayala omwe amawonongeka pakagwiritsidwe ntchito
- Unyinji wamagalimoto - m'mene umalemera kwambiri, pamafunika khama kuti izi zitheke komanso kuyimitsidwa,
- Panjira poyang'aniridwa ndi unyinji wagalimoto.
Mu 2013, nthumwi za University of Hertfordshire (UK), motsogozedwa ndi Ranjit Sohey, adayesa zowonetsera. Mumphangayo pomwe magalimoto oposa 50,000 amadutsa tsiku lililonse, adayikamo ma microparticles olimba.
Masensa adavumbulutsa kuti galimoto imodzi idasiya ma ma microtarticles a 50 ma microparticles olimba a mtundu wina patsiku. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a iwo amapangidwa ndi injini. Gawo lalikulu la iwo anali tinthu ta mseu, mphira ndi fumbi kuchokera ku dongosolo lama brake.
Ma microparticles awa ndi mtundu wowopsa kwambiri wa mpweya. Minyewa yotulutsa mphamvu imasokoneza thanzi m'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa ikunjikana, koma zinthu izi zimapangika mwachangu, zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a mtima ndi thirakiti.
"Kugwira" kwakukulu kumagona kuti magalimoto amagetsi ndilemera kwambiri kuposagalimoto yamtundu wapamwamba pafupifupi kotala - mpaka 25%, akatswiri akutero. Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza, magalimoto awiri ofanana "Tesla Model S" ndi "BMW 7-Series" ali ndi kulemera kwa matani 2.1 motsutsana ndi matani 1.7, motsatana.
Pothandizira izi, akuti nawonso eni magalimoto amagetsi amakakamizidwa kulumikizana ndi masitolo okonza magalimoto pafupipafupi kuti abwezere matayala a mphira chifukwa cha kuvala kwawo. Kuchulukitsa kwa magalimoto amagetsi kumalumikizidwa ndi mabatire olemera, omwe amaikidwa mwadala ndi opanga kuti akweze makina ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito popanda kufuna kuyambiranso.
Ngakhale zinthu “zopepuka” kwambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi zimakhala zolemera. Izi zimabweretsa mwachindunji ku vuto la kuthamanga kwamatayala, dongosolo la ma brake ndi misewu, ndipo chifukwa chake, mapangidwe olimba a microparticles olimba amawonjezeka. Kufikira pamlingo wina, izi zimafotokozeranso kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto ngati amenewo.
Kutulutsa - kodi kulibe?
Yankho la funsoli ndilosavuta - inde, magalimoto amagetsi enieniwo alibe - alipo kwina! Zomera zamagetsi zomwe zimapanga magetsi mabatire ndi komwe kutulutsa kwenikweni kumachokera. Kodi tikupeza chiyani pamenepa? M'malo mwake, kutali ndi zovomerezeka kwambiri. Zapezeka kuti ngakhale kuti makina zamagetsi akuwonjezeka, kutulutsa mpweya chifukwa cha ntchito yamagetsi sikuchepa kwenikweni, koma kukhalabe osachepera chimodzimodzi.
Zachidziwikire, mphamvu ya zinthu zotere imakhala yapamwamba kuposa ya injini yamagetsi yamkati, koma nthawi yomweyo, mota yamagetsi nayoyonso siyabwino. Izi zimawonjezeranso mphamvu ya mabatire, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yosintha mphamvu kuti mukonzenso ma drive ndikuwonetsetsa magwiridwe antchito. Mapeto ake ndi akuti, ndizokhumudwitsa: mpweya wotuluka m'mlengalenga udakalipo, magwero awo okha amasintha - m'malo mwa mipope yotentha ya ma ICE opangira magalimoto, kuchuluka kwa madziwisi mumlengalenga kumaperekedwa ndi mapaipi amadzi opangira magetsi.
Masiku ano, magetsi oyambira padziko lonse lapansi ndi zida zamagetsi zokha. Pankhani yogawa mafuta, 40% ya mphamvu imachokera ku peat ndi malasha, 22% kuchokera ku mpweya ndi 5% kuchokera kuzinthu zamafuta, zomwe zimasandulika mphamvu zomwe ndizofunikira pamagalimoto ochezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zamafuta zamagetsi zimafuna madzi ambiri, omwe kuchuluka kwake kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu 5 biliyoni panthawi yomweyo! Komabe, izi sizonse. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lamphamvu, pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, pofika chaka cha 2035, madziwo azidzamwanso.
Ndipo uku ndikumaliza kwa akatswiri kuchokera ku University of Science and Technology ku Norwegian, ndi peremptory! Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magalimoto amagetsi, malinga ndi malo owonera chilengedwe, kulibe kanthu m'madera omwe magetsi amaperekedwa ndi mafuta oyaka, malasha kapena lignite ku TPP.
Kodi pali zosankha ziti pamenepa? Mwakutero, zonse ndizosavuta - magetsi wamagetsi omwe "amawonjezera" magalimoto amagetsi, amayenera kupangidwa ndi maofesi omwe samatulutsa mpweya woipa m'mlengalenga. Atha kukhala malo opangira magetsi kapena zida zamagetsi. Ponena za dongosolo lomalizali, limakhala ndi zigonjetso zonse ndipo simuyenera kutengera kutchuka kwake. Apa muli ndi zovuta kuchokera ku mabungwe azachilengedwe komanso mapulogalamu aboma otengera mayiko angapo zitachitika ku Fukushima ndi Chernobyl. Ndi mphamvu zina, zinthu sizili munjira zabwino - kulibe malo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi osinthika, ndipo mwachidule, sikokwanira kutsimikizira kwathunthu kutetezedwa kwachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi.
Malonjezo si olimbikitsa: posachedwa titha kuyembekezera kuwukiridwa konsekonse kwa mphamvu ya "oyera". Ndipo zinthu izi, zimapangitsa kusintha kwa magalimoto yamagetsi kukhala chinthu chosachita bwino, poganiza kuti zinthu zidzakhala bwino padzikoli.
Magalimoto amagetsi "Zakudya zopatsa thanzi": mfundo zomwe muyenera kudziwa
Ubwenzi wachilengedwe wogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto oterewa uyenera kuganiziridwanso makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ngati m'maiko ena apadziko lapansi kukonda magalimoto wamagetsi kumatha kukhala kopanda malire, palinso mayiko omwe mtengo wawo wamtengo wapatali umakhala pafupi ndi mtengo wofunikira kwambiri.
Chitsanzo chotsimikizika kwambiri ndi ku Norway. M'dzikoli, gawo lalikulu la mphamvu zonse limakhala ndi magetsi opangira magetsi komanso magwero obwezerezedwanso. Kugwira ntchito kwa magalimoto mdziko muno kumatha kuchitika ndendende ndi zotulutsa zero.
Nthawi yomweyo, oimira University of North Carolina (USA) adawulula izi. Kutulutsa kochulukirapo kunali kokwanira kuma US komwe magalimoto amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zinkaganiziridwa kuti ma mota yamagetsi amatulutsa mpweya wowononga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zachilengedwe ziyenera kukhala zabwinoko?
Pokwerera magalimoto zamagetsi
Koma zomwe zili zodabwitsazi, pogwira ntchito, zimafotokozedwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa magetsi popangiranso magalimoto yamagetsi, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kufunikira kwa kupangira mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe mwachilengedwe zimawonjezera katundu pama bizinesi mumakampani opanga magetsi.
Mwachidule, tikuwona kuti chizindikiro chaubwenzi wazachilengedwe chimadalira dera linalake. M'mayiko omwe gawo lalikulu lamphamvu limachokera pazinthu zakale komanso mphamvu zama atomiki, kufunika kwa chilengedwe zamagalimoto yamagetsi kumakhala kutsika. M'mayiko amenewo komwe gawo la mphamvu zina komanso zosinthidwanso mphamvu ndizapamwamba - m'malo mwake. Komabe, mafuta ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimachokera ku zinthu zakale ndi zinthu zakale zosapezekapezeka ndizosafunikira kwenikweni.
Kuti muwonjezere phindu la magalimoto amagetsi, ndikofunikira kuti kupanga magetsi pakokha sikuwononge chilengedwe. Izi mwina ndi chifukwa chake Tesla Motors Corporation sikuti ikufunafuna mwachangu kuphatikiza ndi kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa, komanso imapanga ma solar solar ndi kuyesetsa kwake.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti China sichikugwirizana ndi magalimoto amagetsi
Kodi mukudziwa dziko liti, kuchokera ku zomwe mumakumana nazo, anali woyamba kutsimikiza za nthano za kuyera kwagalimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi? China chopezeka! Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi mdziko muno ndiwokwera kwambiri padziko lapansi.M'mizinda ina, magalimoto amagetsi amapitilira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto okhala ndi ICE. Kapangidwe ka malo opangira mafuta gasi adakonzedwa motere - kwa chaka cha 2018, dziko lidalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okwanira 800,000.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zopangira magetsi amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi: mitengo yamafuta ambiri, kuchuluka kwa ma mulamu - zinthu zomwe mabatire amagetsi amapangidwira, komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zochitika zachilengedwe m'mizinda chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto okhala ndi ICE. Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuyambitsidwa kwakukulu kwa magalimoto amagetsi kunapulumutsa zinthu? Tsoka ilo ayi! Ndikokwanira kuwona momwe kuchuluka komwe kunaliri kopitilira muyeso kungakonzedwe ku Beijing ndi m'mizinda ina yayikulu, ngakhale kuti misewu ya megalopolises imadzaza ndi "magalimoto ochepera".
Ofufuza achi China adasanthula zenizeni zomwe zidachitikadi ndipo adafika pamalingaliro okhumudwitsa: 85% yamagetsi mu Ufumu Wakumwamba amapangidwa ndi mbewu zamagetsi zomwe zimayaka kwambiri malasha. Zida zambiri zamagetsi zimangokulitsa vutoli, popeza pama station ambiri malasha ayenera kuthamangitsidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa za dziko.
Adakhazikitsidwa ndi akatswiri kuti pa kWh iliyonse yamagetsi yopanga "kuwonjezera" magalimoto amagetsi, mpaka magilogalamu 274 a kaboni dayokili imalowa mumlengalenga. Pankhani yamafuta ICEs, chisonyezo sichidutsa 180 gr. Ndiye kuti, kuwotcha mafuta ofunikira kuti apange magetsi okwanira kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi mtunda wa 1 km kumakupatsani mpweya woterewu womwe umaposa zotsatira zoyaka moto wamagalimoto ofanana. Pali kuyerekezera kwina: kuchuluka kwazomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagalimoto yamagetsi zikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe mabasi a dizilo amaberekera. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto onse amagetsi, ngakhale ang'ono kwambiri, amatha kuyimitsidwa mwa basi yowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, zimapezeka kuti ukhondo wa chilengedwe wamagalimoto zamagetsi umasiyana kwambiri kutengera wopanga. Chifukwa chake, zidapezeka kuti kwa mayendedwe a 150,000 km pa Tesla Model S, mphamvu 20% inafunikira kuposa BMW AG320i, ndipo pamenepa mawu omaliza osavuta akutsatira awa: magalimoto amagetsi awa amapereka gawo losiyana kwambiri ndiukhondo chilengedwe ndi Tesla pakukumana uku - adataika kwa Ajeremani.
Kupanga magalimoto wamagetsi: kodi ndizowononga chilengedwe?
Kupanga mafuta amoto amodzi
5.6t CO2 kuphipha, pomwe akupanga galimoto yamagetsi imodzi -
8.8t CO2. Zomwe zimaperekedwa pantchito zawo zimalipidwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa omwe akugwira ntchito. Mwanjira ina, galimoto yamagetsi ikagumuka pamsewu, imakhala yolamulirabe, ngakhale itaperekedwa ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku fakitala yamagetsi yamagetsi, kuposa galimoto yomwe imangoyatsidwa ndi mafuta kapena dizilo.
Kupanga komwe kwa mabatire zamagalimoto zamagetsi kumayenderana ndi kuperekedwa kwa zinthu zovulaza. Pafupifupi theka la zonse zomwe zimatuluka ndikupanga betri mwachindunji kuchokera pakupanga batri. Kuphatikiza apo, cobalt ndiyofunikira pakupanga kwawo. Imakumbidwa makamaka ku Africa, komwe ndi ku Congo. Malinga ndi mabuku ovomerezeka, ntchito ya ana imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale izi.
Masiku ano, opanga akugwira ntchito pakusintha teknoloji ya batri. Zotheka kuti pazaka khumi zotsatira tekinoloji idzapezeka kuti ithetse cobalt, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri batire.
Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pakuchotsa mabatire ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi pamagetsi. Muli zinthu zomwe sizingatengedwenso munthaka - pankhaniyi, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kudzakhala kofunika kwambiri.
Mwamwayi, kale pa gawo ili la chitukuko cha bizinesi yamagetsi, mabatire sakhala owopseza chilengedwe, popeza pali mitundu yokwanira yotulutsa, kubwezeretsanso ndikonzanso. Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsira kuyatsa mumsewu. Ku France, amadyetsa ma lifti, ndipo ku Germany amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kubwezeretsa mwachangu.
Maphunziro ena
Ndipo mumakonda bwanji ambiri a Citicar Smart? Kodi mukuganiza kuti mwana amapumira mzimu woyera? Ziribe kanthu kuti - ngakhale kamtunda kameneka kakang'ono kuchokera ku kampani yamagalimoto kumatha kuwononga chilengedwe poipa kuposa mnzake wapafiyamu. Mwachilengedwe, samachita izi mwachinyengo, osati mwachindunji, koma kudzera mwa zida zopanda magetsi. Kupereka makina amagetsi ndi mphamvu, masiteshoni amayenera kutulutsa mpweya wa mpweya wa 107 g mumlengalenga, womwe ndi 21 g kuposa mpweya wotulutsa kuchokera ku Smart wokhala ndi injini yamafuta. Zotsatira izi zidapezeka ndi akatswiri aku Germany, koma sanangokhumudwa ndi momwe zinthu ziliri pakali pano - aku America nawonso adapereka chiwonetsero chawo.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wawo, kuipitsa kwakukulu kumawonedwa kumadera komwe magalimoto amagetsi amapitilira magalimoto wamba. Akatswiri adazindikira chimodzimodzi ngati asayansi aku China: kuchuluka kwamagetsi pamagetsi kumafunikira mphamvu yochuluka, yomwe, monga aliyense amadziwa, iyenera kupangidwa ndi mbewu zamphamvu za fetid. Palinso ntchito yosasunthika yamagetsi yamagetsi - zochulukitsa sizachilendo, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa zovuta.
Pazonsezi, ndikofunikira kunena kuti ziribe kanthu kuti ndi mphamvu yanji yomwe imapangitsa kuti galimoto iyende, kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi mayendedwe kumatenga 25% yokha yonse. Nanga zinthu zodetsa zonse zimachokera kuti? Gawo la mkango kutulutsa kwenikweni ndizomwe zimayambitsa zachilengedwe, zomwe, anthu, sangathe kuthawa. Phulusa kuchokera kuphulika kwa mapiri, mkuntho wa fumbi, moto wamapiri, komanso njira zina zofunika za maluwa ndi zinyama.
Kusintha komaliza kumagalimoto yamagetsi - sitepe m'tsogolo?
Maumboni osiyanasiyana amalimbikitsa izi:
- M'mizinda yayikulu, magalimoto ama mafuta ndiye chifukwa chachikulu pakuyipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe.
- Alibe njira zina,
- Njira zopangira makina awa ndi mabatire awo zikukonzedwa.
Ngakhale kungoganiza zoperewera, sizowopsa kupitiliza kuyendetsa magalimoto mafuta, popeza afika pakukweza kwawo. Kodi adzakhala okonda zachilengedwe kuposa momwe alili tsopano? Ayi.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwapakati pa openda aku Bloomberg, podzafika 2040 gawo lamagalimoto amagetsi lidzakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a magalimoto onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lapansi.
Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kudalira opanga magalimoto yamagetsi. Ziyenera kuyembekezedwa kuti posachedwa kulemera kwawo kwapakati kudzachepa, mabatire azikhala osalemera komanso onse, ndipo zida zatsopano, zotetezeka zidzapezeka matayala agalimoto, mawonekedwe amisewu ndi machitidwe ama brake, omwe adzathetse vuto la kupangika kwakukulu kwa microparticles yolimba.
Malingaliro a kakonzedwe kazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi amatanthauza kuchepa kwa magalimoto amtundu wa anthu. Amaganiza kuti izi zichitike kudzera mu lingaliro la "kugawana magalimoto". Mu megacities, magalimoto amtundu wa anthu adzasinthidwa ndi magalimoto amagetsi. Zitha kubwerekedwa, kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoyendera za anthu onse panjira yodutsa omwe amapitamo.
Magalimoto wamagetsi komanso momwe akukhudzidwira ndi chilengedwe zitha kutsutsidwa masiku ano, koma zikuvuta kwambiri kukana makhalidwe abwino komanso kukhulupirika kwa magalimoto amagetsi chilengedwe, poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amafuta. Mwachidule, titha kumaliza izi: pamalingaliro operekera zinthu zovulaza, magalimoto amagetsi ali kale ochezeka kwambiri masiku ano kuposa mitundu yamagetsi yamafuta ndi mafuta. Zotheka kuti m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi mtengo wamagalimoto wamagetsi uwonjezeka, zomwe zingapangitse kuti makampaniwo azitukula m'njira zopititsira patsogolo kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Kuwopsa kwa Mabatire
Kodi mukuganiza kuti carbon monoxide yochokera ku TPPs ndiye mbali yoyipa kwambiri yamagetsi yoyendera? Ayi! Likukhalira kuti chiwopsezo chachikulu chimachokera pakupanga kwamayendedwe pamagalimoto amagetsi. Akatswiri ochokera ku Yunivesite yomweyo ya Science ndi Technology ya ku Norway, adazindikira kuti mabizinesi omwe amapanga mabatire obwezeretsanso ndalama zochuluka kuposa pochita kupanga magalimoto wamba. Mukuchita izi, zidafotokozedwanso kuti kupanga magalimoto wamagetsi kumayendera limodzi ndi kangapo gasi wowonjezera mpweya kuposa kupanga magalimoto akale. Chomwe chimapangitsa mphamvu zonse zamagetsi kupanga, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chaukadaulo.
Mabatire amatenga machimo ambiri, zimachokera kwa iwo kuti gawo la mkango la poizoni limabwera ndipo pamakhala mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimatha. Mabatire okhala ndi mphamvu yolimba amakhala ndi zochulukitsa zochuluka kufika pa 400 kg ndipo nthawi imodzi, zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi drive ndizophatikiza kwambiri. Zinthu izi zimabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu kwachilengedwe kuposa utsi wakumwa.
Poganiza kuti mabatire apakati pamagalimoto amagetsi amakhala mpaka zaka 5, nkhani yakuwaturutsanso ndi vuto lalikulu. Njirayi ndi yotenga nthawi yambiri, yodula kwambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale malamulo onse agwiritsidwe ntchito, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe sikungapeweke. Kuti muchotse zitsulo m'mabatire, pamafunika mphamvu zochulukitsa kakhumi kuposa momwe amapangira. Izi zimaphatikizira kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wamagetsi opanga mphamvu.
Tengani Zotulutsa Kuchokera ku Magalimoto Oyendera Magetsi
Ndipo nayi chojambula china chosayembekezeka cha mabatire amagetsi. Zimakhala za eni magalimoto okhala ndi ma mota amagetsi, nthawi zambiri amadandaula za kutaya kwamatayala pafupipafupi pamagalimoto awo, poyerekeza ndi magalimoto wamba. Akatswiri adathetsa nkhaniyi ndipo adawona kuti kusamvetsetsa kotero ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a eco. Pafupipafupi, izi ndizowonjezera 24% poyerekeza ndi injini za ICE. Mwachitsanzo, Tesla Model S yolimbikitsidwa ndi matani 2.1, pomwe gulu la petulo la BMW 7-Series, lidapangitsa opanga okha 1.7. Nissan Leaf akuwonetsa chithunzi cha matani 1.5, ndipo mdani wake komanso mdani wazachilengedwe VW Golf , ikuwonetsera matani 1.2. Izi zochulukitsa zonsezi zimangobwera chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa batire.
Ngati mumakumba mozama, ndiye kuti nkhaniyo sikuti imangokhala ndi matayilidwe obwerezabwereza chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwawo. Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwa 10 peresenti ya msewu ndi 2% yovala ya brake system. Kodi izi ndizofunikira? Chowonadi ndi chakuti, ndi kuvala kotero, tinthu tating'onoting'ono zovulaza timalowa mumlengalenga, zomwe zimalowa mkati mwa thupi la munthu tikamapuma ndikuvulaza dongosolo la mtima. Zowonongeka zaumoyo kuchokera pamenepa, malinga ndi asayansi, ndizokulirapo kuposa kufafaniza utsi.
Chidule
Zomwe tili nazo:
1. Zokha, magalimoto yamagetsi samapanga mpweya wopweteketsa; malo opangira magetsi omwe amapereka magetsi ndi omwe amachititsa izi. Kuyambitsidwa kwa magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi sikungongoletse chilengedwe padzikoli, koma m'malo mwake, zidzakuza.
2. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ukadaulo, mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto amagetsi.
3. Kupanga kwamabatire obwezeretsanso kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kofananako ndi chilengedwe champhamvu yamafuta, komanso zimawonjezera kawopsedwe chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi poizoni mkati mwake. Kutaya mabatire kumafunikiranso nyonga, komanso kuposa momwe amapangira.
4. Kuyendetsa kumapereka magalimoto pamagetsi amagetsi mochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi injini za ICE, zomwe zimatsogolera kuvala kwapamwamba kwa mphira, mseu wamsewu ndi dongosolo lama brake. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuphatikizidwa mumlengalenga wamagetsi ochulukirapo omwe amakhudza thanzi la munthu. Mwachilengedwe, tikulankhula za dziko lonse lapansi, osati zagalimoto imodzi yamagetsi.
5. Pambuyo pamalingaliro onse awa, zikuwonekeratu kuti ngati m'tsogolomu magalimoto alibe magetsi apamwamba m'galimoto zokhala ndi injini zamagetsi zamkati, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kudalira kukula kwazinthu zonse zamagetsi. Mwinanso tikuyembekezerabe kudikira zaka makumi angapo!
Kukhazikika sikutanthauza chitoliro chabe
Poyang'ana koyamba, magalimoto amagetsi ndi ina iliyonse zoyendera zamagetsi ndizotetezeka kwambiri zachilengedwekuposa china chilichonse.
Mabungwe azachilengedwe amapereka mwayi kuti atseke magalimoto ena onse mokomera iye komanso kuti asinthe zochitika zina kupita kwazowonjezereka.
Koma, monga momwe ziliri ndi "zobiriwira" mphamvu, eco-transport kumabweretsa mafunso ambiri kuchokera pantchito zopanda ndalama.
Tiyeni titenge abale a mbewu zamagetsi lero - mwa zitsanzo zawo munthu akhoza kuwona "chinyengo" chonse chaukadaulo wobiriwira.
Kodi magalimoto amagetsi amapeza kuti magetsi?
Malo opangira magetsi apamwamba a Europe. Utsi wambiri ku Russia suwonanso
Amakhulupirira kuti maiko angapo ku Europe asinthiratu ntchito zatsopano. Komabe, mukayang'ana kuchuluka kwa magwero amagetsi, titi, ku UK, zikuwoneka kuti chunk yayikulu ndi "mafuta omwe akhoza kusinthanso" ndi "wina".
Kubisala pansi pa oyamba ... Nkhuni zamoto ndi mafuta. Kachiwiri, pambuyo pofufuza kwakutali, limakhala magetsi ochokera ku France.
Chomwe, ndiroleni ine, ndibadwire wamba chomera cha nyukiliya. Zimakhala zoyipa, makamaka ngati mukudziwa kuti gawo lamkango la mabanja aku Britain sakhala ndi magetsi ndi magetsi othandizira, motero amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe mumiyala.
Chifukwa chiyani ali onyadira ndi zomwe wakwanitsa?
Palibe chosavuta: m'zaka khumi zapitazi, maiko ku Europe adalandira magetsi makamaka kuchokera ku mafuta okumba pansi.
Magetsi osakwanira satha
Chizolowezi champhamvu chopangira magetsi ku Germany. Izi zimapereka magetsi pafupifupi 50% ku Germany.
Ndiye kuti ndi malasha. Zomwe zili zovulaza kwa ine (malingana ndi deta yaposachedwa, kufa kwa khansa pakati pa anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi ndikuphwanya mbiri - pali mphekesera zokhudzana ndi radioacity ya ma depositi ena), ndizowopsa kuyaka popanda zosefera ndipo sizoyenera kusungidwa kwambiri.
Mwinanso, zovuta za chitofu zokha zomwe zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi zosefera. Ndipo palibe china.
Nthawi zina, magetsi amatengedwa kumalo opangira magetsi. Amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwazomera zamphamvu zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri. Komabe, pali zovuta zingapo zazikulu:
Monga mukuwonera, mphamvu zikugunda kwambiri chilengedwe. Koma akufunika galimoto yamagetsi!
- amasintha machitidwe ndi chilengedwe
- Amapha nsomba pogwiritsa ntchito njira
- Ngozi pamaofesi amagetsi amagetsi amatha kuchulukirachulukira ngati m'malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya.
Chifukwa chake, polankhula zakusintha kwakukuru kwa mphamvu, andale azungu akuwongolera mitu yawo kuti akuwonjezera ntchito yamagetsi. Koma iyi ndi nkhani yosiyana kotheratu.
Kodi mphamvu zobiriwira ndizotetezeka?
Minda yazomera zamagetsi imayenera kupangidwa. Ndizowopsa
Mphamvu yobiriwira ilinso yovuta. Chowonadi ndi chakuti aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga ma airmill, ndipo carbon yomwe imayikidwa pa gawo lapansi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati solar panels. Zonsezi, ndi zina mwachilengedwe ndizopanga poizoni kwambiri.
Aluminiyamu: Zimafunika dongosolo lamphamvu kwambiri kuposa migodi yazitsulo, limagwiritsa ntchito poizoni, ndipo limapangira zinthu zosafunikira zamagetsi pakapangidwe.
Silicon: Mafuta oopsa a m'magazi oopsa kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, pakukonza fumbi labwino, lomwe silisiya mapapu.
Palibe munthu amene amawerengera zaubweya wa kilowatt pamalo amene anapatsidwapo magetsi, potengera zinthu zonse.Amakhulupirira kuti ngati siteshoni imodzimodziyo singasute - ikutanthauza yoyera.
Chifukwa Zinyalala za konkriti zochokera kumphamvu zamphamvu za nyukiliya zimawonedwa kuti ndizowopsa kuposa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta radioactive soot kuchokera kumagetsi opangira mafutaSindikumvetsa.
Koma zochulukirapo nthawi ina. Masiku ano timayang'ana pa zovuta zamayendedwe.
Kodi amawerengera bwanji "kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe"?
Magalimoto amakono akuyandikira zotulutsa kuchokera pamagalimoto amagetsi
Ngati mumakumba mozama pamutu wamayendedwe amagetsi, chofunikira chofunikira chidzaululidwa: kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kumawonedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa CO2 (kaboni dayokisi).
Mwachilengedwe, kwagalimoto yamagetsi chithunzi ichi chimakonda kufika pa zero. Komabe, izi ndizotalikirana ndi zovulaza zokha zoyambitsidwa ndi magalimoto.
Kuphatikiza apo, pazifukwa zina, dongosolo lotere la certification lidapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwononga injini za dizilo yoyera bwino m'malo mwa mafuta. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimatulutsa zimayamwa kwambiri-zotsika pansi za octane, soot, ndi CO2.
Zoyenera kuchita popanda magalimoto, Ilon?
Omalizawa ali ndi mpweya wochepetsedwa wa kaboni dayokisi, koma anthu oopsa okhala ndi zowonjezera (m'malo ena, mankhwala oopsa a tetraethyl amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, omwe mosavuta komanso mwachilengedwe amawonjezera chiwerengero cha octane).
Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika pakalipano, sikuti mankhwala omwe abwera chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwawo amakhudzidwa, koma kuphatikizidwa kwa chinthu chimodzi.
Pakadali pano, zigawo zazikulu za dizilo ndi CO2 Palibe chilichonse poyerekeza ndi zowonjezera zamafuta amoto ndi mafuta, mulingo wa poizoni womwe ndi dongosolo la kukula, ngati sichoncho.
Koma aletsa china dizili! Ndipo tsopano, opanga injini zamafuta amafunikira kuti achepetse mpweya woipa wa CO2 mosavomerezeka, womwe, samakhudza chilichonse. Ndipo chifukwa chake.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, Tesla ndiwoseketsa kuposa Mercedes
Colossus uyu "crap" zochepa Tesla 3
Mphamvu zamagetsi ku Germany zimakhala ndi mafuta okwanira 50%. Zotsatira zake, Tesla akuwonetsa 156-181 g / km. Diesel Mercedes zazikulu 102 g / km.
Koma vuto ndikuti ili ndi gawo chabe la mawerengedwa. Mukakumba mwakuya - "ukhondo" wamagalimoto zamagetsi umayamba kukayikira.
Kupanga kwa betri yamagetsi yamagetsi sikugwirizana ndi zachilengedwe
Tsoka ilo kayendedwe kagalimoto - nsonga yokha ya ayezi. Osachepera, ndipo nthawi zina zopweteka kwambiri, ndiko kulengedwa kwaukadaulo waluso.
Magalimoto odziwika wamba siosiyana ndi magalimoto amagetsi okhala “oyera” mwachilengedwe. Pokhapokha ngati akufuna kuyesa zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, m'malo mwa thanki ya gasi - batri yokhala ndi lifiyamu, m'malo mwa injini yayikulu - mota yamagalimoto kapena ma mota ama mota okhala ndi ma kilomita a waya wamkuwa.
Ntchito yopanga batire yovomerezeka yamagalimoto yamagetsi 35 kWh "mtengo" kuchokera pamagesi mpaka matani 5 mpaka 12 mumlengalenga. "Mtengo" wopanga injini yamkati yoyambira mkati umachokera ku matani 6 mpaka 7 a mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Ndipo zonsezi sizosangalatsa konse.
1. Lithium
Madzi obiriwira kunyanja anasanduka gehena woopsa. Kupanga kwa Lithium
Mdani woipitsitsa wa munthu. Mukamayanjana ndi madzi, zimasungunuka ndi kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwambiri. Malingana ngati kuli madzi, amawotcha (mwamwayi, ochepa mwaiwo ndi mabatire).
Koma izi sizowopsa - ndizowopsa kuti amadziwa momwe angatungire madzi kulikonse, chifukwa chomwe ndiye chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri cha alkali. Munthu adzawotchedwa ndi phulusa la batri. Ndipo kuzitenga mkati, ngakhale ma microdoses, zimangoyambiranso.
Kumene lithiamu imakumbidwa, chilengedwe chimawonongedwa kwathunthu. Tsoka ilo, ichi ndi chiyambi chabe: palibe amene adaphunzira momwe angabwezeretsere kuchuluka konse kwamabatire omwe gulu lapanga pazaka 10 zapitazi.
Zinyalala za nyukiliya sizoyenera kukhala ndalama poyerekeza ndi vutoli.
2. Aluminiyamu
Aluminiyamu yaku Russia amine apa
Aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chotsika mtengo kwambiri. Koma kupangidwako kumakhudzanso ndalama zambiri zamagetsi - zazikulu kwambiri mwakuti mbewu zonse zomwe zimakonzedwa zimakhala pafupi ndi poyambira ma hydroelectric station kapena nyukiliya.
Mphamvu zamagetsi zobiriwira sizipereka mphamvu zomwe zikufunikira, ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti zitha kuchita izi posachedwa.
Ndipo izi ndizofunikira kuti mupeze
Mafuta a bauxite, omwe aluminiyamu amachokera, sindiye njira yoyera kwambiri. Komabe, ku China, komwe ndi mtsogoleri wadziko lonse lapansi pakuyungunuka kwa aluminiyumu, palibe amene akuganiza zowonongeka.
Malinga ndi malipoti osatsimikizika, kampani yopanga ma aluminium imapereka pafupifupi 20% ya ziwopsezo zonse zotuluka mdziko muno. Tilibe chilichonse chopumira m'mizinda yoyandikana.
3. Pamodzi
Ndipo awa ndi minda yamamitha. Carbon ndi silicon m'mapapu, simukuwona
Kupanga kulikonse kwa kaboni fiber kumanyamula fumbi laling'ono, lomwe limangoyang'anira ndi zosefera. Zoyenera kuchita ndi zosefera pambuyo pake sizikudziwikiratu.
Kuwotcha? Phulusa lomwelo, lokhalo lokha komanso lokhala ndi poyizoni kapena mpweya wamagetsi lofunikira pakristali. Zitha kukhala zoyipitsitsa pakupanga zamagetsi ndi ma silicon microparticles.
Zonsezi, ndi zina - vuto lomwe silinathetsedwe pano, linayimitsidwa. Koma kuwonongeka kwa mafakitale awa posachedwa kuyambanso kukhudza chilengedwe.
Zochulukirapo kuposa kutopa kwagalimoto. Kusiyanitsa kokhako ndikuti galimoto yama petulo imavulaza mumzinda, ndipo kupanga kuli kwinakwake kutali komwe mzungu samawona.
Akawona, zidzakhala mochedwa.
Amadyera motsutsana ndi asayansi. Ndani akulondola?
"Masewera", pogroms, kusowa ntchito - zotsatira zosadziwika za PR auto
Ndizosatheka kunena mosasamala kuti magalimoto amagetsi amakhala panacea. M'madera ambiri, kugwira ntchito kwawo kuli ndi zovuta zambiri kotero kuti zimalephera kukhala ndi njira zomveka. Monga "zobiriwira" mphamvu.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a lithiamu ndi aluminiyamu kumabweretsa ena, podikirira mavuto azachilengedwe. Adzasunthidwa kupitilira megacities, koma pakapita nthawi ayamba kukhudza chilengedwe chonse.
Olimba kuposa kutuluka kwamagalimoto chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwake kwakukulu, komwe, mosiyana ndi mwala ndi fumbi, sikungagonjetsedwe.
Kwa Moscow - zikhalidwe. Kwa Norilsk kapena Yakutsk mutha kuyiwala
Tsoka ilo, kuwerengetsa kwathunthu kwa momwe zinthu zina zonse kulili. Ndipo, mwachiwonekere, sipadzakhala konse: zikuluzikulu zonse zamafuta ndi zamagetsi zimakhala ndi awo omwe akukakamiza.
Mazana a mapulani othekera amatha kufotokozedwa ngati opanga ma turampine a aluminiyamu othandizira Greenpeace ndikuyendetsa anthu ambiri kuchita zipolowe. Ndipo mosemphanitsa.
Titha kungonena chinthu chimodzi: pomwe anthu akumamenyerana wina ndi mnzake pankhani zachilengedwe, maubale, ndi mitu ina yodziwika bwino ya zaka za zana la 21 lino, maboma amakhala chete. Kapena kukopeka.
Zotsatira Zobiriwira: Kubiriwira shuga
Koma ngati angayesetse kukonza kukhalapo kwawo kuchokera pamalingaliro azachuma - pomwe "zobiriwira" zimaloledwa ngakhale kupanduka koyaka, omwe amafunafuna chilungamo pazachikhalidwe amaletsedwa ku ziwonetsero zamtendere.
Zimakupangitsani kuganiza, sichoncho?
(4.60 mwa asanu, adavotera: 84)
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Ndemanga 75
Cholemba chaching'ono cha hellish, ngati chosungira chachifwamba, chonse chitha kuyikidwa m'mawu amodzi - Kupanga zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ndikupanga mphamvu zamagetsi chifukwa zimatulutsa zotsalira za CO2 ndi zotsalira zamafuta kuposa momwe zimapangitsira moyo wagalimoto wamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutu uliwonse wazachilengedwe ungakhale chosangalatsa kwa mayiko olemera omwe anali likulu lakale, ma aluminiyumu amasungunuka ku Russia, mabatire amitundu yonse amapangidwa ku China, osowa dziko lapansi amapangidwira iwo
@ProtcessusVitelius, ndikuvomereza pang'ono kuposa kwathunthu. Pa maphunziro ake adaphunzira mosamala mphamvu zamagetsi zina. Izi ndizoseweretsa kwambiri zomwe sizikugwirizana mwanjira yosamalira zachilengedwe.
@ drundel007, ndizosangalatsa kukwera ku Tesla, mathamangitsidwe ndi amodzi. Alibwino basi)
@ Xiaomi1993, zikuwoneka ngati inu. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti simunayendetse Tesla kapena galimoto wamba.
@ProtcessusVitelius, nthaka yosowa (cobalt for betri) yochokera ku Africa yoyendetsedwa. CNN inali ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri yokhudza migodi ya ku Africa yopangidwa ndi ma shiti ndi timitengo, pomwe achinyamata, popanda chitetezo chilichonse pamatope, amatulutsa cobalt ndi ndalama, kuti pambuyo pake SJW yaku Germany ikhoza kunyalanyaza pamoto wamagetsi, ndikuwuza njira yoyenera yomwe imatsogolera.
@Dave, awa ndi mavuto azachuma chonse komanso njira yogawa zinthu, osati zachilengedwe kapena kuteteza zachilengedwe. Pofika pafupi mosadukiza, kuchuluka kwa anthu mu Africa kuli ambiri, ndipo tonse tili ndi pulaneti limodzi, kupha dziko lapansi - aliyense adzafa.
Hmm, kwa nthawi yayitali kunalibe slag yotere pa iPhones.
@bassist, ndikulungamitsa?
@ iVenom_1993, chabwino, kuyamba, google kwa mphindi zitatu, kuti gawo lamphamvu kuchokera ku malasha ku Germany ndilotsika kwambiri kuposa 50%. Ndipo ngati mukuyang'ana zamphamvu, zikuonekeratu kuti gawo la magetsi "obiriwira" lidzalamulira zaka zikubwerazi.
Kuti mupitilize?
@mayachike,
Inde, ndikuwerengera zonse, osati chithunzi chimodzi.
Ndipo kupatula apo, ndi chikhulupiriro choyera chotani mu Google?
@xstatic, sichingatero. Mphamvu zamagulu obiriwira ku Germany ndizopereka mafashoni. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi mphamvu ya 0.86 - samatulutsa mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga kwawo. Vuto lodzikundikira ndikufufuza sizinakhalepo ndipo silidzathetseka mtsogolo. Posachedwa vuto la madera azikhala pachimake - magawo okhala ndi ma solar a dzuwa ndi zopangira mafunde ndizoyenera kuyika ndendende m'malo omwe kuli koyenera kumanga nyumba, ndi kuti anthu azikwanira kuti? Nkhani zonse zamphamvu zobiriwira zamasiku ano ndizopanda tanthauzo lalikulu.
@ Sīdereus Amicus, ndikudziwa kuti zopanda pakezi zinalankhulidwa ngakhale gawo lamagetsi kuchokera kumagwero omwe angapangidwenso anali ochepera 5%. Tsopano popeza gawoli lidaposa 25%, lasintha kwambiri, koma zilipo.
@xstatic, eya, kokha panthawi imeneyo kunalibe ziwerengero. Ndipo tsopano pali pafupifupi zaka 20 za opareshoni. Ndipo ngati ndiye awa anali malankhulidwe a marightal, tsopano awa ndi malipoti a akatswiri, ndipo veginal vegal yasamukira kudera lobiriwira.
@ Sīdereus Amicus, nazi. Pali "malipoti a akatswiri" onena za nthano ndi nkhani zakuchepa kwa dzuwa. Kumbali inayo, pali kuwonjezereka kopitilira ntchito yopanga magetsi obiriwira komanso kuwonjezeka kwa gawo lake pakulimbitsa mphamvu. Ndipo luso la mapaneli a dzuwa likukula ndikukula.
Inde, zikuwonekeratu kuti kukhudzika kwa chilengedwe kumeneku sikuti kungogawanso msika komanso kukopa andale. Poona kuti ndi ndalama zingati zomwe zimapangidwa pakupanga izi, tiyenera kufunsa funso - ndani angapindule ndi izi?
Ndi zakuti ngati kale kugawa magawo azomwe amachitika chifukwa cha nkhondo, tsopano, njira zina zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa.
@dmitryermakov, ndi nkhondo zonse, nthawi ina zaka zam'mbuyomu zisanachitike zaka za 1950s, zidakhalanso zosangalatsa zachilengedwe. Ndipo chifukwa cha "zachilengedwe", anthu ambiri amatha kufa chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kuposa nkhondo.
@dmitryermakov,
Ili si funso logawa magawo azakukopa. Iyi ndi nkhani yazachuma. Chaka chatha ndinali pamsonkhano wama auto auto. Opanga vutoli adanenedwa ngati "zikwangwani, zidayenda." Kuchuluka kwakukulu, gulu lamagalimoto osawerengeka. Ngati palibe chosinthika, pali vuto lalikulu ndi kutsekedwa kwa mafakitale, kuchotsedwa kwa mazana mazana antchito (ndikulankhula za Europe) ndipo, molingana ndi vuto lazachikhalidwe. Tuluka kuti muthe kuyambiranso - zonse zosinthidwa kwa anthu amagetsi-okha kuti azigula ma electro. Icho ndi chinsinsi chonse. Idzapulumutsa makampani agalimoto, mazana masauzande a ntchito ndikupewa mavuto azikhalidwe. Nanga chidzachitika ndi chiyani? Zikhala mtsogolo.
@Slovakian, malo osangalatsa ...)
@Slovakian, izi sizingatheke. Malo onse otsimikiziridwa padziko lapansi a lithiamu sangakhale okwanira kuphimba mapulani omwe Tesla adalengeza pakupanga magalimoto amagetsi.
Ndizodziwikiratu kuti kupanga mabatire zamagalimoto zamagetsi kumatha kuvulaza chilengedwe, ndipo ngakhale kuli kofanana ndi kupanga mafuta, kuyeretsa komanso kupumira, galimoto yamagetsi idabwinonso. Ingoganizirani ngati magalimoto amagetsi akungoyendetsa mu mzindawo, ndiye kuti zimakhala zosavuta kupumira ndipo chete kungakhale kofunika kwambiri. Inde, pali malamulo opusa omwe amapangitsa kuti magalimoto yamagetsi azingoyendetsa kulira kwa injini, koma mwina misala iyi ipita ndipo zofunika zikuchepera ndipo zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kukhala mumzinda.
Che ndidangowerenga O_o zamkhutu?
@maloii, mumawerenga malingaliro anga, bro! )))
Mulimonsemo, sitipumira magetsi pamagalimoto amagetsi
zimangokhala zosefera kuchokera kumphamvu zamagetsi
@ironDrew,
Inde, tikupuma, ndipo mavuto a "mbadwa" - ngati sheriff, sasamala?
Tawonani, atha kukwiya posachedwa, koma kuachedwa ...
@Nick_Well, kuchokera pakuwona kwa okhala m'mizinda, pali zikhalidwe zambiri kwa iwo eni - mfundo yonse ndi kusamutsa mpweya woipa kuchoka pawokha kupita kumayiko osaukirako kumene okhalamo adzakhala osangalala (kwakanthawi) kuti apange ndalama zowonjezera pakupanga zoopsa. Kuchokera pamalingaliro azachilengedwe, chinali cha sopo, koma ndikuopa kuti sichidavutitse aliyense.
@Nick_Well, sunandimve
imagwirabe ntchito ngati zinyalala
Iponye pansi pa mapazi anu, ichotseni kuti ikonzedwe
mutha kutembenukira ku mphamvu za nyukiliya, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe
m'tsogolo zitha kukhala ndi njira zochepetsera kuphipha, koma vuto limodzi litha kuthetsedwa - sitipumira mpweya wowononga
ndipo zikamavulaza chilengedwe chonse, ndipo zimakhudza thanzi la anthu, monga zilili tsopano, ndiye kuti zimachepera kawiri kuposa pamenepo
Cholinga chotsekera pa nkhani yonseyi ndi Musk, scum! Patsani ndalama, cholengedwa chotere, mumaganizira za inu, nit? Timakumba pansi panthaka, timayala mapaipi, timalola agogo kupita kumayiko ena, ndipo mwakweza bwalo kuyambira pachiwonetsero ndi Tesla, inu bastard!
Imfa, cholengedwa! Koma poyamba bweza ndalamayo!
@ Elon Musk,
Komanso ziwerengero za 1913.
“Malo okwerera magetsi apamwamba ku Europe. Utsi wa ku Russia ulibe utsi kwambiri ”🤦♂️
Poyamba, amapitilira Google zomwe nsanja yozizira ndiyotani isanayambe kulemba zolemba zanzeru.
Tesla ndiye galimoto yamtsogolo ndikusiya kupanga nthano
@Seroja Roja, nthabwala, galimoto yamagetsi idawonekera kale kuposa ICE.
@anodziwika, ndikuuzeni zambiri
“Magalimoto yamagetsi amafunikanso mafuta osunthira. Chifukwa chake, pali zovuta zochepa kuposa zomwe zimapezeka mkati mwa injini zamagetsi, koma zilipo. ”
Analytics 80 lvl.
@ Ilon Mask, "... kuti musinthe ndikulamulira ..." - Chernobyl, Fukushima, Sayano-Shushenskaya station station yamagetsi ... zonse zili m'manja mwake.
@Denis Kandyukin, osasokoneza masoka / masoka komanso njira zamatekinoloje
@Denis Kandyukin, ndiye kuti, kwa zaka zoposa 50, ngozi ziwiri zokha, zowopsa chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika komanso mwachangu, chachiwiri chifukwa chodula panthawi ya zomangamanga ndi malipoti achinyengo. Ponena za sekondale yazomera za hydropower, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowerengera, chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuba ndikuwongolera moyenera, zinali zodabwitsa kutalika kwa malo oyang'anira magetsi atayima pamenepo.
Zabwino ndi inde, zokhudzana ndi kuthekera kwanyumba ndi kuwongolera, ndimatanthawuza mafakitale owopsa, osati mafakitale amagetsi achikhalidwe, kuti musinthe, omwe pakali pano sangathe kugwira ntchito, koma mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito ndikusintha gawo lina ndi magwero obwezerezedwanso.
Inde, sindimayembekezera kuti ndiziwerenga zopanda pake ngati izi pa iPhones.ru!
"Kusintha kwa injini zamagalimoto zamkati kupita ku mota wamagetsi."
Woyendetsa ndi chida chomwe chimasinthira mphamvu ya injini kukhala ntchito yofunikira yosuntha galimoto. Kwagalimoto - gudumu, thanki - mbozi, bwato - woyendetsa.
Kodi ndi omwe amakupatsani ndalama za Rosneft kapena Gazprom?
Poyankha ku capitalization ya Tesla ...
Ndipo dziko lapansi ndi lathyathyathya.
"Gawo lamkango la mabanja aku Britain lilibe magetsi ndi magetsi othandizira"
Za magetsi, zikuyenda bwanji? Kodi akhala pampando woyatsa kandulo kapena woyatsidwa ndi mpweya ngati Mfumukazi Victoria? 😄
Pafupifupi nthunzi yochokera kunsanjayo yozizira yalembedwa kale. Uku si utsi!
Awa, zamkhutu zomwe mudalemba ... Zili ngati kukana kupita patsogolo, popeza a Ludists adathyola makina m'mafakitole, momwemonso inu: Magalimoto oyambilira anali amagetsi, koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20 ku New York ma taxi onse anali amagetsi, koma Rockefeller adabwera ndikuchita chiwembu ndi Ford ndi dziko lapansi lidagwirizana kwa zaka zana ndi singano yamafuta. Ngakhale Rockefeller Foundation yasiya ma hydrocarbons, akuyang'ana mtsogolo, apa mukuyendetsa blizzard. Pezani mafuta enanso okhala m'mizinda, ndikutsamwitsa. Ndipo ku Oslo kuli magalimoto amagetsi theka, kale soti yapita mumzinda, kupuma kwakhala kosavuta. Ndikosavuta kuyeretsa mpweya pamalo opangira magetsi, omwe amapitilira mzindawo, kuposa kutsuka makina onse. Komanso, kulibe mafuta, mafuta, zowonjezera, ndi magawo ambiri nthawi zochepa.Ganizirani ndi mutu wanu momwe mungatulutsire zolemba zazithunzi zodetsa nkhawa. Inde, kumayambiriro kwa moyo wake, galimoto yamagetsi ili kale ndi phazi lalikulu la kaboni chifukwa cha batri. KOMA ndiye kuti ndizochepa komanso zochepa, makamaka makamaka komwe mphamvu yamphamvu ndi mphepo, dzuwa kapena hydro. Ku Europe, sizachilengedwe kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi ku Estonia kokha, ndiye malo ovomerezeka a European Union. Pali malasha.
@ murman25, Kodi kuchuluka kwa magetsi komwe kumachokera ndi mphepo / dzuwa ndi hydro ndi kotani? Pepani koma ndikukhumudwitsani, koma sizingatheke. Mbali yabwino inayi, mwayi wamagalimoto amagetsi ku Europe ukutha, tsopano tiwona momwe msika ungaganizire.
M'dziko lanu la ma pinki apinki, magetsi amatengedwa kuchokera kumalo ogulitsira, ndipo mabatire amakula pamitengo ndipo osalephera mwachidziwikire, ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe mungafunikire kuti muwapange ndikuwataya omwe simukuganiza ...
@idith, Tsopano sizambiri, koma kukula kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zikukonzedwa kukukula mwachangu. Kukulitsa ku China kuchokera kuzinthu ngati izi kwadutsa kale mphamvu zamagetsi pamitengo yonse yamphamvu yaku Russia. Osati zonse nthawi imodzi. Ngakhale kuthetseratu pang'onopang'ono kwa zopindulitsa, magalimoto amagetsi azakhalabe opindulitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito chifukwa chamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa mafuta ku Europe. Maubwino sadzachotsedwa. Moyo wa batri ndi zaka 12, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhalabe mumayendedwe oyendetsa. Kupanga mabatire kulibe vuto kuposa kupanga, kukonza, kuyendetsa mafuta, mafuta oyaka m'makina oyaka amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, magalimoto amagetsi safunikira kusintha mafuta. Ndikupangira onse okayikira sabata limodzi kuti akwere Tesla, ndipo simuyenera kukakamiza china chilichonse.
@idith, Zimandidabwitsa nthawi zonse ngati anthu ngati inu mwapadera amanyamula zopanda pake popanda kuvutika kuganiza kapena kuwona tsokalo.
Nayi ulalo wa Eurostat: https: //ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php? Title = Fayilo: Share_of_energy_from_renewable_source_2018_infograph.jpg
Ku Sweden, zomwe murman25 adalemba, kwachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa magetsi obiriwira kupitilira 50%. Mu theka la mayiko a EU adapitilira kapena anayandikira 20%. Ndipo kodi mukumvetsetsa kwanu “kosaletseka”? Fu!
@xstatic, mutha kukhala osatha, koma zowona ndizowuma, ndipo akunena zotsatirazi, ndi hysteria wamba komanso ndalama zambiri pakugulanso mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa mibadwo kuzungulira dziko lapansi kuli pafupifupi 3-5% ya m'badwo wonse, kuphatikiza zomwe nthawi zambiri ngati mulibe chidwi ndi malo opangira magetsi wamagetsi, magwero amtunduwu ndiwowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana pogwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe, zomwe zimakhala zodula komanso zopusa, chifukwa m'maiko ena chiwonjezerochi ndichofunika kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zochepa chifukwa kwa anthu ochepa komanso kusowa kwa mafakitale olemera. Yesetsani kukonza kusungunuka kwa aluminiyamu mothandizidwa ndi makina amphepo ndi opepuka, ndipo ngati mungathe, ndikuvomereza kuti ndalakwitsa popanda funso. Ponena za magalimoto amagetsi, ndizosavuta, yesani kuchoka ku MSC kupita ku Sevastopol m'galimoto yanu yamagetsi mwachangu kuposa momwe ndingakhalire m'galimoto wamba, ndikutsatira malamulo apamsewu kenako ndikupsompsona mu bulu ndikuwonjezera kuzindikira ndi ulemu wa malo anu.
@idith, mdziko lapansi izi zikutanthauza kuphatikiza mayiko onse 200 kuphatikiza ndi Somalia, zikuwonekeratu kuti mukafunikira kupeza izi 5% ndizosavuta kuganizira mayiko a Africa, osauka Central Asia, Afghanistan ndi Latin America. Ichi sichizindikiro.
Kusungunulira kwa aluminiyamu, monga kupanga kwina kulikonse komwe kumawononga mphamvu, kumatha kuyikidwa pafupi ndi nyumba zamagetsi kapena zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, koma kudalira kogwiritsa ntchito mizera kumatha ndipo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa chifukwa magwero obwezerezedwanso.
@ Elon Musk, ndiuzeni, kodi ntchito yayikulu yakupanga mafakitale ku "Europe yapamwamba" ili kuti? Malingaliro anga, izi makamaka ndi China komanso "osauka Central Asia" kapena ndikusokoneza china chake? Ndipo ndikundiperekeza kumdima kuti musintha bwanji gawo lanu la "omwe amaliza muluzu" pa bajeti? Kodi tingachite chiyani pochepetsa komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zida zamagetsi kapena kuyaka mafuta okumba? Izi ndi utopia. Ndipo simukupeza mphamvu yachilendo "yobiriwira"?
@idith, Mlingo wachitanso zatsopano zamagetsi ku China ndizopambana zonse padziko lapansi
PRC yatenga pulogalamu yomanga magetsi oyendera dzuwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, pomwe iwo akukonzekera kuwonjezera kwambiri ndalama za boma zamagetsi oyera, kuchuluka kwa chitukuko komwe dzikolo lakhala mtsogoleri wadziko lonse lapansi. Mu zaka ziwiri zotsatira, malinga ndi Xinhua, akuluakulu a PRC akukonzekera kupanga ndalama zochulukitsa 2 thililiyoni yuan ($ 373 biliyoni) pantchito yomanga magetsi oyendera mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo.
Chitetezo champhamvu chaku China chikufuna kuwonjezera gawo lamagetsi osagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndondomeko yakutali ya State Council of PRC ikuwonetsa kuti pofika 2030, 20% yazofunikira zonse zachuma chachiwiri cha padziko lapansi zitha kuperekedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyambira - malasha, mafuta ndi gasi.
Tsopano mtsogoleri wadziko lonse wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zobiriwira ndi Brazil, pomwe magwero obwezerezedwanso amakhala pafupifupi 45% ya mphamvu yomaliza, pamalo achiwiri ndi European Union yomwe ili ndi gawo la 17%. China ili kudera la 5 ku Brazil ndipo ili ndi gawo la 8.9% yokha, koma ndiye msika womwe ukukula mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi wopereka mphamvu zobiriwira zatsopano ndipo ukhalabe choncho mpaka 2023, International Energy Agency ilosera.
Mu zaka 5 zikubwerazi, malinga ndi kudziwiratu kwa IEA, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumakhala pafupifupi kawiri - kuchokera pa 21.9 mpaka 39.8 miliyoni matani ofanana ndi mafuta pachaka. Mphamvu ya malo owonera dzuwa ndizowonjezereka - mpaka matani miliyoni 33 a AD.
Maiko ena amaganiza kuti mafuta opangira mafuta ndi "mafuta atsopano." Kodi mungafotokozere mitundu yazomwe zimapangidwe ku Brazil?
@idith, Izi zikutanthauza kuti, m'malo mongovomereza moona mtima kuti mwanena zachinyengo za "zabwinobwino", mwasankha kutaya chinthu chimodzi chachinyengo chopusa?
Pa mfundo:
1. "peresenti ya kupanga padziko lonse lapansi ili pafupifupi 3-5% yaanthu onse" - ngati titatenga dziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizaponso dziko lonselo. Ngati titenga misika yayikulu yogulitsa magalimoto yamagetsi, ili kale pamwamba pa 10% komanso m'maiko ambiri kuposa 25%. Ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi mawu anu onena "kuchuluka kosasinthika"
"" Zomwe zimapezekazi zimapatsa malire mbadwo wosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwirizane ndizogwiritsa ntchito zakale, zomwe ndizotsika mtengo komanso zopusa "- ndizopusa kulingalira magwero aumbidwe osaganizira zakumwa. Gawo lalikulu lamagetsi limawonongedwa ndi nyumba ndi mabizinesi osapatsa zipatso, omwe magetsiwo amawagwiritsa ntchito akugwirizana bwino ndi momwe magetsi amapangira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mabatire awo. Kuphatikiza apo, pali malo opangira magetsi wamagetsi ndipo pamakhala mafunde. Mphamvu zamakono zobiriwira zakwaniritsa kalekale vuto la ma surges pakumwa.
3. "Yesetsani kukonza kusungunulira kwa aluminiyamu mothandizidwa ndi makina amphepo ndi opepuka, ndipo mukapambana, ndikuvomereza kuti ndalakwitsa popanda funso. "- Ndipo chifukwa chiyani? M'dziko lanu, kungosungunula kwa zitsulo za aluminiyamu ndi komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu? M'dziko langa, ma magetsi opangira magetsi amachitanso izi.
4. ” za magalimoto amagetsi ndizosavuta, yesani kuchoka ku MSC kupita ku Sevastopol m'galimoto yanu yamagetsi mwachangu kuposa momwe ndingachitire pagalimoto wamba kutsatira malamulo apamsewu ”
Ndafika chilimwe chino kuchokera ku Berlin kupita ku Barcelona popanda mavuto komanso nditonthoza Tesla. Maiko achitatu apadziko lapansi mwachidziwikire akukhalabe mukukula kochokera Kumadzulo, koma posakhalitsa matekinoloje azibwera kumeneko.
@mayachike,
1. Pazambiri zanu, kuyambira pa 1 febuluni, "mayiko otukuka", kuyitanitsa magalimoto zamagetsi kukwera mtengo ndipo kukwera mtengo kwambiri kuwayendetsa, ndiye kuti tiwona zomwe "anthu azaku Europe" amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osagwirizana ndi chilengedwe kapena magalimoto apamwamba "oyenda" A zomwe mumalemba ndikuti m'maiko ena "otukuka", omwe anthu ake safika kawiri konse ku Moscow, m'badwo umafika pa 25%, ichi sichizindikiro, malingaliro omwewa monga mukuti tikhala ku Saudi Arabia, timapanganso mafuta Ngakhale kuiwala kuti pali anthu mamiliyoni 23, ndipo tili 150 miliyoni ndi gawo si ofanana.
2. Mundiwunikireni momwe mphamvu zobiriwira zakuda zakwaniritsira vuto la kuchuluka kwa mibadwo, palibe vuto ndi ma surges pakumwedwa, koma pali m'badwo, ndipo mpaka patakhala zovuta mu tekinoloji yamagetsi sizitha kuthana.
3. Mukukukhumudwitsani, mbewu zama hydropower zimatha kuwerengedwa ngati njira “zachilengedwe” zopezera mphamvu pazifukwa ziwiri, kuchuluka kwa malo padziko lapansi pakumanga mbewu zamadzimadzi ndi kochepa ndipo kumanga kwawo, monga lamulo, kumabweretsa zotsatira zosasinthika ku chilengedwe cha dera lomwe zimapezeka chifukwa pali kusefukira kwa madera pansi pa malo osungirako komanso kuwonongeka kwa nsomba. Pazida zilizonse zamagetsi, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi ma solar a dzuwa sizingakhale gwero lamphamvu mwina chifukwa champhamvu yocheperako kapena chifukwa chopindika pamagetsi.
4. Nditha kukwera kuchokera ku Berlin kupita ku Barcelona pa njinga, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti iyi ndi njira yachangu kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri. Sikuti mumayendayenda pa "chidole chanu chamagetsi" mumzinda womwewo kapena dera lanu, kuyiyang'anira usiku uliwonse sizikhala njira yoyendera. Nditha kuyendetsa dziko lonse lapansi pa mafuta obwerera kumbuyo 'Audi ngati ndikufuna ndipo sindingafe ndi ukalamba ndikudikirira kuti lipereke, ndipo inu pa "luso lapamwamba" Tesla mukankhira chidebe motere kuchoko chapafupi, ndizochita zanu zonse zaukadaulo ...
Z.Y. Ndiwosavuta kunena kuti ena ndi "opusa." Ngati inu simumawala ndi malingaliro anu.
@idith
1. "Zachidziwitso chanu, kuyambira pa 1 febuluni," mayiko otukuka ", kulipira magalimoto zamagetsi kukwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo kudzakhala mtengo wokwera kuyiyendetsa," - Munakhalanso mutadzaza ndi "wosanyalanyaza" wina. Muli ndi mphatso yamtundu wina wonyamula zopanda pake. Ndipo inde, ngati simunaphunzitsidwe kusukulu-kuchuluka kwa EU> kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Russia. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zobiriwira ndizokwera kwambiri, zomwe sizosadabwitsa poganizira zaukadaulo wotsatira.
2. "Mandiunikire mdima" - ndikuwunikireni mumdima. Mawu awiri - kusiyanasiyana ndi mabatire.
3. "Kukhumudwitsidwa kwanu ndi ma hydropower amathanso kuchitika chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru" - ndikumvetsetsa kuti mukufuna kubisa manyazi anu ndi "osasinthika", koma ili si vuto langa. Pali zifukwa zomwe zimathandizira kuti ma hydropower azigawidwa ngati magwero amagetsi obiriwira ndipo sikuti mumawatsutsa.
"" Ndingathe kuchokera ku Berlin kupita ku Barcelona ndi njinga "- bola ndikawona kuti mutha kungolankhula ndi lilime lanu. Mukafika pa njinga yomweyo ngati Tesla, ndiye kuti tidzalingalira izi.
5. "Nditha kuyendetsa dziko lapansi pa mafuta obwerera m'mbuyo" kwa Audi "- kutanthauza kuti, m'malo mongovomereza kuti mwapanga" gawo lakusawerengeka ", kodi mwakhala okonzeka kuzungulira dziko lapansi kuti musunge nkhope? Bwerani, yesani. Tikudikirira lipoti lajambula.
@mayachike,
1. Ngati muli cholumikizira cha manambala, ndiye tiyeni tikambirane za manambala, kulipira galimoto yamagetsi yomwe imawononga ma euro 8,79 pa kilowatt, Nissan Leaf ili ndi batire lamaola 62 kilowatt, motsatana, mtengo umodzi umafuna ndalama zapamwamba zisanu Ma euro 50 omwe ali ndi malo osungira magetsi okwanira 250 km, ndikukulitsa Opel Astra ndi thanki ya malita 56 kumawononga ma euro 73 ndi malo osungirako magetsi okwana 700 km, kodi mutha kuwerengera mtengo wa km imodzi kapena mutha kuthanso nokha? Komanso, onjezani kuti mtengo wopanga 1 kilowatt mwa njira ina iliyonse “yongowonjezwdwa” ndiwokwera katatu kuposa momwe umakhalira, gwero lokhalo lomwe mtengo wake umafanana ndi malo opangira magetsi, koma popeza simumvetsetsa kuti sangathe kumangidwa kulikonse komanso mopanda malire, mutha kundilembera kuti ichi ndiye chipulumutso cha eco-energy.
2. Kodi mukudziwa tanthauzo la kusiyanitsa mawu? Google, mwina mungasiye kulemba zamkhutu zokhudzana ndi kupindika mbadwo ndi chithandizo chake. Batiri? Zoona? Kodi kukula kwake ndikotani ndipo batire imawononga maola 1000 gigawatt? M'dziko lanu lokhalo la "pinku" yapamwamba kwambiri ya pinki yomwe munthu angagwiritse ntchito zopanda pake ...
3. Tiyeni titchule kuti poyera, poyatsira mphamvu yamagetsi ndi gwero la mphamvu YABWINO, imatha kutchedwa yobiriwira bwino kwambiri ndipo izi ndi zowona, ndipo zonena zochokera pagawo lino kuti "siliri vuto langa" ndizothandiza kwambiri, ndikuvomereza.
4. Simungakhale osalankhula kapena kunamizira kukhala. Zinali zakuti pagalimoto wamba m'dziko lenileni, osati m'dziko lanu la "ma pinki apamwamba," kuyenda mozungulira ndikosavuta komanso kothandiza, koma muyenera kutembenuza chilichonse ndikuyerekeza kuti ndinu mfumu ya ma analytics.
5. Simungathe kutsutsana ndi malingaliro anu mwanjira iliyonse kupatula kupuma nyanga yanu “mopanda malire”, ndipo osayesa kumvetsetsa zomwe akukulemberani. Tiyeni tonse tiziyendera limodzi, kuti zikuonekere, ndikupatsani ndalama zonse zolipirira ngati mungakwanitse kuchita izi pang'onopang'ono kwambiri kuposa momwe ndimapangira mafuta, ndikupatseninso mphoto ina miliyoni, eti? Osangoyambira m'madzi okhala ndi thovu lalikulu mutakhala mu Tesla yanu, chitanipo kanthu molimba mtima m'moyo wanu wonse wopanda pake, vomerezani! ,)
@idith, zoona, kambiranani manambala. Mukangovomereza mabodza anu okhudza "kuchuluka kosasinthika". Momwe mungakhalire olimba mtima - bwera.
@xstatic, ndazindikira kale kuti ndizopusa kuyesa kukambirana zina ndi ana asukulu ndikulota kuyendetsa Tesla kuchokera ku Berlin kupita ku Barcelona, chifukwa chifukwa cha umbuli wawo ndi kupusa kwawo, sangathe kudziwa zambiri, koma amangobwereza ngati zinkhwezi "ndizosamveka! Zosagwirizana! ”
“Kulimba mtima kwanu” pang'ono mukakula, tembenukani.
@idith, sungathe kukambirana nane chilichonse. Mukuganiza kuti ndili wokonzeka kukambirana nanu kanthu ngati wabodza? Inuyo, ngati mwana wamng'ono, munena kuti mwayamba kunena kuti "anthu osasinthika", ndipo mukakhomedwa ndi manambala, mumabweranso mumphika wophika kuyesera kukambirana zamanyazi anu.
Ngakhale ana amachita moyenera komanso molimba mtima kuposa inu.
@xstatic, kupita ku gehena nanu, tinene kuti ku Europe konse kudzakhala 20%, ngakhale sizikhala "zopanda pake", koma zazing'ono chabe, zingakupangitseni kumva bwino? Pokhala ndi kusiyana 9 pamtengo wamphamvuyi poyerekeza ndi wakale, wina ayenera kukhala wokonzeka kwambiri kunyadira izi.
Ana olembedwa "motsutsana" ndiwe wabodza "," wakakamizidwa kukhoma ", khalani olimba mtima, mukukhazikika pena paliponse, ndinu olimba mtima, mumangokhalira kukangana pamalingaliro anu ndipo kupambana kwanu sikudzakhala ndi malire.
@xstatic, ndipo panjira, maulalo aku Eurostat omwe mukutumiza pano, osweka, ku funso lanu labwino pakupikisana.
@xstatic, ndipo ngati muli tcheru, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti a Mwini mukuti mawu oti "sakukhudzika" adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati peresenti ya mibadwo padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo awa ndi 3-5% osadziwika omwe angatchulidwe mwanjira ina, koma apa adayamba Anthu aku Galileya amalimbikitsa zakuti “Somalia” komanso kuti “sitiganizira mayiko achitatu” ndi zina zotero, ngakhale kuli kwakuti ambiri padziko lapansi amakhala m'maiko omwe simumakhala nawo.
Kusungunulira kwa aluminiyamu kumafunikira malo olimira magetsi a nyukiliya kapena poyatsira magetsi. Voliyumu yam'munsi ndiyokwera kwambiri, masiteshoni ena amatha kuthana ndi kukula kwa kupanga. Ndipo inde, mwachilengedwe, ndi njira yofananira yogwiritsira ntchito zida zamagetsi, ndizotetezeka kwambiri, chifukwa ndizoyimira magetsi zomwe zimayambitsa chiwonongeko chonse cha sturgeon ndi nsomba zina zamalonda, komanso zifukwa zina zambiri zosagwirizana ndi gawo lakale la USSR. Zomera za nyukiliya zili kwanuko, sizifunikira masinthidwe a malo m'malo amenewa.
Inde, popanda zitsulo masiku ano, kulikonse, kwathunthu
@xstatic, ndalemba kale pansipa, ndipo m'nkhaniyi yomwe: maiko angapo amaganiza kuti mafuta opangira mafuta ndi "magwero obwezerezedwanso". Palibe kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe mwa iwo - amaziwotcha chimodzimodzi ndi zina zonse.
