Pakati pa anyani onse omwe amakhala ku Africa, gulu lalikulu (lat. Tragelaphus strepsiceros) kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri komanso osakumbukika. Nyama zazitali komanso zazikulu izi zimakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo zimatha kulemera kuposa ma kilogalamu mazana atatu, motero zimakhala imodzi mwalamulo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Kwawo kwawo ndi kum'mawa komanso pakati pa Africa. Kuno, kutengera nyengoyo, amakhala m'madambo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'nkhalango yokutidwa ndi zitsamba, nthawi zina mapiri otsetsereka, ndipo nthawi yopanda mvula amasonkhana m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Mukamasankha malo okhala ndikusaka chakudya, agulu akulu amakonda masamba obisalira omwe amawabisalira ku hyenas, nyalugwe ndi mikango.
Ubweya wonyezimira wamagulu akhungu umakongoletsedwa ndi mikwaso yoyera yoyera mbali, zilembo zoyera pamasaya ndi mikwingwirima yoyang'ana pakati pamaso, yotchedwa chevrons. Tsitsi la amuna limakhala lakuda, ndi tint imvi, ndipo zazikazi ndi ma utoto amapaka utoto wam beige - izi zimapangitsa kuti zisawonekere pakati pa masamba a savannah.
Mwayi waukulu wa anyani akuluakulu ndi nyanga zazikulu zooneka ngati bondo. Mosiyana ndi agwape, agulu sataya nyanga zawo ndikukhala nawo moyo wawo wonse. Nyanga za wamwamuna wamkulu zimapindika nthawi ziwiri ndi theka ndipo zimamera molingana ndi dongosolo lina: kuwonekera mchaka choyamba cha moyo wamwamuna, pomatha zaka ziwiri amapanga kusintha kokwanira, ndipo amatenga mawonekedwe awo osapitirira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ngati nyanga yayikulu ya Kudu ikokedwa pamzere umodzi wowongoka, ndiye kuti kutalika kwake kudzakhala kochepa kupitirira mamita awiri.
Nyanga zazikulu ndi njira yodalirika yotetezera kwa zilombo komanso mkangano waukulu munyengo yakukhwima, pamene amuna azimenya nkhondo ya akazi. Komabe, kudzitama mopambanitsa nthawi zina kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zowopsa - abambo omwe agwiritsitsa kwambiri nyanga zawo sangathenso kudzipulumutsa, ndipo izi zimatsogolera kupha nyama zonse ziwiri. Nthawi zina, sasokoneza moyo wa agulugufe, ndipo amayenda mosavuta pakati pamitengo yomwe ikukula kwambiri, ndikukweza chibwano chake ndikulimbira nyanga yake kumutu.
Amuna akuluakulu aamuna amakhala mosiyana, amalumikizana ndi akazi akukhwima. Akazi okhala ndi ana amaphatikizidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kuyambira atatu mpaka khumi, kuyesa kupeza nthawi yambiri pakati pa zitsamba kapena udzu wamtali. Utoto wawo woteteza umagwirizana ndi ntchito yake - ndi maso ophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri komanso okhazikika omwe amatha kuwona maimelo.
Gulu loyamwa layamba kugwedezeka m'malo mwake, ndikutembenuzira makutu ake akuluakulu, kenako limathamangira mbali. Nthawi yomweyo imapanga mawu okuwa (ofuula kwambiri pakati pa anyani onse), kuchenjeza ena za ngoziyi.
Mchira woyera woluka mwachangu ulinso alarm. Ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, agulu akulu ndi olumphira omwe amatha kuthana ndi zovuta mpaka atatu kutalika. Kubisala wothamangitsa ndikuyenda mtunda waufupi, Kudu amayima kuti awone momwe zinthu ziliri. Nthawi zambiri, chizolowezi ichi chimakhala cholakwika chakupha kwa iye.
Kuyambira kale, nyanga zokongola za anyani akuluakulu zakhala zikuwoneka ngati chiphaso kwa osaka kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi omwe amabwera ku Africa kudzalimbana ndi zovuta zoterezi.
Mverani mawu a Kudu Antelope a Horned
Alamu ena akuluakulu ndi mchira woyera woluka. Zingwe zoterezi zimadumpha mokongola, ngakhale thupi lawo lalikulu silimawavutitsa pamenepa. Amatha kudumpha zopinga zazitali pafupifupi mamita atatu. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi chizolowezi chachilendo - kupita kutali ndi kuthamangitsidwa, kuthamanga mtunda wina ndikuyima kuti muziyang'ana pozungulira. Izi zitha kupha gulu la agulu.
Dziko la Africa limasunga nyama zamtchire zozama kupyola zipululu zake, malovu, zigwa zazikulu ndi nkhalango. Africa ili ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri (njovu zaku Africa) ndi chinyama chachikulu kwambiri (ira) padziko lapansi. Koma pali nyama zina zambiri zosangalatsa zaku Africa zomwe muyenera kudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, Nyama 10 zodabwitsa zomwe zimapezeka ku Africa kokha.
Chithunzi Harvey Barrison flickr.com
Zambiri Zosangalatsa Za Big Kudu
Greater Kudu ndi chithunzithunzi chodabwitsa cha mbadwa ku East ndi South Africa. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamtchire komanso m'matanthwe.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyanga zokhota zowoneka bwino zimapezeka mwa anyani amphongo. Nyanga zawo zitha kupitirira mita imodzi ndi zopindika ziwiri ndi ziwiri. Amuna amagwiritsa ntchito nyanga zawo zazitali kuti adziteteze kwa adani.
Amuna amakhala ndi kutalika kwamamita 2 mpaka 2,5 ndipo amalemera mpaka 315 kg. Akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna. Kutalika kwake ndi mita 1.85-2.3, ndipo kulemera mpaka 215 kg.
Gulu lalikulu limakhala ndi chovala chakuda chofiirira komanso mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera ya 5-12. Amakhalanso ndi chingwe choyera pakati pa maso.
Zofanizira izi ndi nyama zachikhalidwe. Akazi amapanga magulu omwe amakhala ndi anthu 25. Amuna amalumikizana ndi magulu okha pakukhwima.
Mitundu yayikuluyi ya anyaniwa imakonda kudya masamba, zitsamba, zipatso ndi maluwa. Kuthengo, agulu akuluakulu amakhala zaka 7, ndipo ali mu ukapolo, amatha kukhala ndi moyo woposa zaka 20.
Ostrich (Struthio ngamila)
Zambiri zosangalatsa za nthiwatiwa
Mbalame zosawuluka, nthiwatiwa ndi mbalame zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 2 mpaka 2.7 m ndipo amalemera mpaka 160 kg. Ostriches amapezeka m'malo opusa ndi achipululu ku Central ndi South Africa.
Ostriches amatchedwanso "mbalame za ngamila" chifukwa amatha kupirira kutentha ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali opanda madzi.
Nthenga zofewa komanso zosalala za nthiwatiwa zazimuna zachikuda ndi zakuda ndipo mchira wawo ndi woyera. Mosiyana ndi izi, zazikazi zimakhala ndi mtundu wa nthenga zofiirira. Khosi la nthiwatiwa ndi lalitali komanso maliseche.
Ndi miyendo yayitali yamphamvu, nthiwatiwa zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri makilomita 69 pa ola limodzi. Mwendo uliwonse wa nthiwatiwa umakhala ndi mikondo yakuthwa kwambiri. Miyendo yawo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kupha munthu ndi kumenyedwa kamodzi. Ostriches amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo ngati chida chawo choyambirira kuti adzitetezere ku nyama zomwe zitha kudya monga mikango, nyalugwe, nyalugwe ndi fisi.
Ostriches amakhala muzitsamba zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi anthu 10-12. 15c kutalika kwake ndi kukula kwa mazira akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe amaikidwa ndi nthiwatiwa. Mbalame zazikulu izi ndi zam'madzi, ndipo zimadya masamba, mizu, mbewu, abuluzi, tizilombo ndi njoka. Ostriches amakhalanso timiyala ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono kuti ikunde chakudya m'mimba.
Kitoglav (Balaeniceps rex)
Zambiri zosangalatsa za chinsomba
Imodzi mwa mbalame zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi iyi. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi mulomo wawukulu womwe umatha kukula mpaka 22 cm .. Mbalame yodabwitsayi imatha kupezeka m'madambo aku East Africa.
Mitu ya Whale ndi mtundu umodzi womwe ukhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo posachedwa. Kutayika kwa Habitat ndi kusaka ndizowopsa kwa iwo.
Mitu yayikulu ya chinsomba imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 120 ndikulemera kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 kg. Amakhala ndi maulusi amtundu wamtambo komanso mapiko ake otambalala.
Ankhandwe ndi nyama zolusa zomwe zimabisalira kuchokera kwa obisalira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimangokhala osagonja mpaka chiwawacho chikafika pafupi. Kenako amapanga zodabwitsa pogwiritsa ntchito mlomo wawo wamphamvu. Zakudya za nkhukuzi zimakhala ndi abuluzi, akambuku, njoka zam'madzi ndi makoswe.
Komanso, mbalame za whalehead ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zokhazokha kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kupatula apo, zimakumana pokhapokha nyengo yakukhwima.
Chingwe (Clochaetes)
Zambiri zochititsa chidwi zonyansa
Zofanana ndi poyambira ng'ombe, nyama zamtchire kwenikweni zimachokera ku banja la abambo. Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya anyaniwa - yakuda kwambiri komanso yamtambo yamtambo. Mitundu yonseyi imapezeka ku Africa kokha. Amakhala m'nkhalangozi komanso m'zipululu zobiriwira.
Zinyama zamtchire zimatha kutalika ndi 2.5 m ndikulemera 275 kg. Zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zazikazi zam'madzi zokhala ndi nyanga. Nyama izi zimakhala m'matanthwe akulu.
Pakati pa Meyi ndi June, pamene zakudya zimasowa, nyama zam'madzi zimasamukira kumpoto. Gulu losamukira limakhala ndi anthu 1.2-1,5 miliyoni. Amathandizidwanso ndi mbidzi ndi mbawala zambiri. Uku ndiye kusuntha kwakukulu kwambiri kwa zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi pano.
Zowawa kwambiri zimatha kuyenda mtunda woposa ma 50 km tsiku limodzi. Panthawi yosamukira, antelopes amaphimba mtunda wa pafupifupi 1000-1600 km.
Nthawi zambiri nyama zamtchire kwambiri zimadya udzu waufupi. Mikango, nyalugwe, mafisi ndi agalu amtchire ndi mdani wawo wamkulu.
Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx)
Mfundo Zochititsa Chidwi za Mandaril
Mandrill ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa mbewa padziko lapansi. Amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 60 mpaka 90 cm, ndipo amalemera mpaka 38 kg. Ma Mandrill amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha komanso m'nkhalango za West ndi Central Africa.
Alidi pakati pa anyani owala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira, wobiriwira wa maolivi komanso gawo la imvi. Mphuno yayitali yokongola ya mandrill ili ndi mzere wofiyira. Amuna ndi okulirapo komanso okongola kuposa akazi.
Ma Mandrill ndi nyama zoyanjana kwambiri, ndipo amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi anthu 200.
Kuphatikiza pa utoto ndi kukula kwake, anyaniwa amakhala ndi mafangayi aatali omwe amakula mpaka masentimita 63.5. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma fang awo akuluakulu kuti awopseze zilombo zomwe zingadye.
Ma Mandrill amagwira ntchito masana. Ali ndi mataya osungira zakudya zomwe atenga. Ndizachilendo komanso zimadya zipatso, njere, tizilombo, mazira ndi mphutsi.
Lemurs (Lemuriformes)
Zambiri zosangalatsa za mandimu
Ma lemurs ndi anyani odabwitsa omwe amapezeka kokha, pagombe lakummawa kwa South Africa. Pazonse, pali mitundu 30 ya mandimu, ndipo onsewa ndi angozi ku Madagascar.
Lemur Madame Berthe (Microcebus berthae), amene amangoyesa 30 g, ndiye nyama yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo Indri (Indri indri) ndiye lemur wamkulu kwambiri wamoyo wolemera mpaka makilogalamu 9.5.
Ma lemurs ambiri amakhala ozungulira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha nthawi yawo yambiri akukhala pamitengo. Mchira wa mitundu yambiri ya mandimu ndiwotalikiranso kuposa matupi awo.
Lemurs ndi nyama zachikhalidwe zomwe zimakhala m'magulu. Amagwiritsa ntchito zomveka zapamwamba komanso zolemba fungo kuti athe kulankhulana. Amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kumva komanso kununkhiza.
Ma lemurs amatchedwanso amodzi anzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amadziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito zida ndipo amatha kuphunzira mitundu.
-Munthu wodya zanyama zachilengedwe wokha. Zakudya za lemurs zimakhala ndi zipatso, mtedza, masamba ndi maluwa.
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Mawonekedwe
Tsitsi la amuna limapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, ndipo akazi ndi ana aang'onowo ali ndi utoto wowala. Ubweya wa Kudu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mikwingwirima isanu ndi umodzi mpaka khumi. Kudu tili ndi makutu akulu, ozungulira ndipo nthawi zina amakhala mchira wautali. Amphongo, nyanga zazikulu zopindika zimamera pamitu yawo, mpaka kukula kwake mpaka mita imodzi. Maonekedwe obiriwira amafanana ndi akazi opanda nyanga. Kukula kwake kufota ndi pafupifupi 1.40 m, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 2.20 m. Amphongo amafikira kulemera mpaka 250 kg, zazimayi mpaka 200 kg. Kunja, ndikosavuta kusokoneza Greater Kudu ndi mlongo Nyala, kuwonjezera apo, magawo awo ndi osiyana pakati.
Khalidwe
Nthawi zambiri, agulu akulu amakhala m'magulu osasamukira komwe amaphatikizapo nyama zitatu mpaka khumi. Magulu ngati amenewa amakhala kudera pafupifupi 50 km². Amuna amapanga magulu osiyana amtundu wa bachelor kapena amakhala amoyo basi ndikumalumikizana ndi akazi nthawi yakukhwima. Monga lamulo, m'nthawi yamvula, mwana wamwamuna mmodzi amabadwa, wolemera pafupifupi 16 kg. Kutengera ndi komwe amakhala, agulu amagwira ntchito masana kapena usiku. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi masamba ndi nthambi zazing'ono, pomwe sizabwino. Gulu lalikulu limadyanso mbewu zomwe nyama zina zimapewa chifukwa chakuopsa. Nthawi yayitali yomwe amuna amakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 8, akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 15.
Masanjidwe
Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) Ma fomu 5
- T. strepsiceros strepsiceros
- T. strepsiceros bea
- T. strepsiceros burlacei
- T. strepsiceros chora
- T. strepsiceros zambesiensis
Zowopsa
Kuchuluka kwa unyinji ku East ndi South Africa kumawonedwa kukhala pangozi. Komabe, m'malo ena kupezeka kwake kuli pangozi. Izi zikugwira ntchito makamaka kumadera akumpoto komwe amagawika m'maiko monga Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan ndi Chad. Kuphatikiza pa munthu, adani ake akuphatikizapo nyalugwe, mikango, ng'ona ndi agalu a hyenoid. Nthawi zambiri agulu akuluakulu amayesera kubisala kuopsa tchire. Izi zikakanika, amatha kukhala ndi liwiro lalitali kwambiri kuti athawe ndi kuthawa. Nthawi yomweyo, amatha kudumpha zopinga zina mpaka 3 m kutalika ndipo nthawi zambiri samayimitsidwa ndi mipanda yomwe alimi anakhazikitsa.