Dokotala wa opaleshoni ya buluu (Paracanthurus hepatus), apo ayi "dokotala wakuwala" - nsomba yam'nyanja ya banja la Opaleshoni (Acanthuridae). Mtundu wapadera wamtundu wa Flag Surgeons (Paracanthurus). Kutengera ndi gulu, Acanthurus hepatus, Acanthurus theuthis Lacepede, Paracanthurus theuthis, Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus amatchulidwanso. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "dokotala wa buluu."

Mapangidwe: miyala ndi miyala ya malo otentha komanso madera otentha a Indo-Pacific. Mwachilengedwe, amakula mpaka 30 cm.

Kufotokozera

Ochita opaleshoni ya nsomba nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi amchere amchere. Zakudya zimafunidwa m'malo onse am'madzi.

Opaleshoni adalandira dzina chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mtengo wa caudal pamunsi, wobisika m'malo otetezeka a choyipa chokhala ngati lancet. Ankakonda kuwopseza mdani. Monga zomaliza zimatha kugunda. Kwa munthu, sizobera, koma zopweteka.

Ngati mugwidwa ndi mchira “wotentha,” muzimutsuka ndi madzi otentha kapena muwotenthe. Kuwotha kumayambitsa kupasuka kwa poizoni. Osayimitsa magazi, lolani kuti poizoni atuluke.

Mawonekedwe

Maonekedwe a thupilo ndi ma elliptical disk, mtundu - kuchokera pamtambo wa buluu kupita pamtambo wamtambo wofiirira. Ziphuphu zam'mbuyo ndi ma anal zimakhala ndi maonekedwe amtundu, okhala ndi malire akuda amdima. Maluso a caudal ndi trapezoidal, chikasu cha mandimu ndi kupitiliza m'mbali mwa njira yamanyama. Nthawi zina, zipsepse zamkati ndi m'mimba mwa dokotala wa opaleshoni ya buluu zimakhala ndimtambo wachikasu.

Pakamwa ndi yaying'ono, yowongoleredwa chamtsogolo. Maso ndi akulu. Kutalika kwenikweni mu aquarium ndi 2022 cm.

Moyo

Imagwira ntchito masana, nsomba zazing'ono zimalowa m'mibadwo, achikulire - kutalika. Kusiyana kwake ndi harem. Kusawerengeredwa kukuwonetsedwa, koma sikuti amakhala ankhanza kunja kwa katundu.

Kukonda kutsina. Kupumula pachimake. Osachita manyazi. Menyaninso anansi ankhanza. Amagona chokhazikika kapena pambali pawo. Amafunikira malo okhala. Hepatuses samakumba dothi, zida sizimawononga, ndipo ma corals samazungulira.

Dokotala waku Arabia, sohal (Acanthurus sohal)

Kupanda kutero, dokotala waku Arabia wakuchita opaleshoni. Ndi gawo la mtundu wa Surgeonfish (Acanthurus). Imapezeka mwachilengedwe pamiyala yosaya ya gombe la Arabia ku Indian Ocean, Nyanja Yofiyira ndi Persian Gulf. Zigawenga, zankhanza, zimapweteka munthu zikuphwanya malire.

Kuthengo kumakula mpaka masentimita 40. Mtundu - imvi ndi mikwaso yofiirira, nthawi zina imapanga mawonekedwe. Mimba ndi yopepuka. Mafuta a anal ndi a dorsal, malire a caudal - wofiirira. The spines ndi gill malo amawunikidwa mu chenjezo lalanje. Ndalama yapaini ili ndi chizindikiro cha "Ω" kuzungulira.

Paukapolo, amuna amagwirizana ndi nsomba zonse kupatula ana aakazi. Ma Shellfish ndi crustaceans amadya. Chombo chochokera pa 0.7 m3 chimafunikira munthu m'modzi. Ndi harem - kuchokera 1 m3.

Zebrasoma

Mitundu ya Zebrasoma imaphatikizapo mitundu 7. Ma zebrasomes (Zebrasoma flavescens) ndiofala m'madzi am'madzi. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka pamiyala yotentha ya Pacific ndi Indian Ocean, Nyanja Yofiira ndi Persian Gulf. Mitunduyo ikuwopsezedwa ndikutha chifukwa cha kusodziletsa kwausodzi.

Kuthengo imakula mpaka masentimita 40. Ku banki - 20-25 masentimita. Mtundu wa thupi ndi zipsepse ndi mandimu achikasu, kangaude ndi loyera. Nsagwada ndi zazitali. Chombo chimafunikira kuchokera ku 0,4 m3.

Kuphatikizana ndi nsomba zazikulu zamtendere. Nthawi zambiri herbivore, amadya algae kuchokera ku miyala yamoyo.

Dokotala wothandizira mabele oyera (Acanthurus leucosternon)

Amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha a Indian ndi East Pacific.

Thupi ndi lamtambo kapena lamtambo wowala. Mapaini a pectoral ndi dorsal, maziko a mchira wake ndi achikaso. Nsagwada zapansi, zipsepse ndi ma anal zimayera. Maluso a caudal amayera ndi mikwaso yakuda ndi mphonje. Mutu ndi milomo ndi utoto wakuya.

Dokotala wotsekera m'mawere ali wachiwawa m'dera lake. Kuyandikana ndi madokotala a mitundu ina ndikosayenera. Mu ukapolo, amakula mpaka 30- 35 cm. Sukulu yophunzitsa. A ingafunike kuchokera pa 1 m3 kwa nthumwi za 4-5. Ownivorous, kudya algae. Khalidwe ndi payekha, amazindikira mwini wake.

Dokotala wa opaleshoni waku Japan (Acanthurus japonicus)

Kupanda kutero, dokotala wa opaleshoni yamkuwa. Mpandawo: Mphepo zosaya kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean, kumwera kwa Japan.

Mtundu wautoto ndi taupe. Mikwingwirima yachikasu ndimu m'mphepete mwa anal ndi ziphuphu za dorsal komanso pansi pa mchira. Zipsepse zakuda ndi mzere wamtambo wa neon. Maluso a caudal ndi oyera ndi malire a neon a buluu. Amakula mpaka masentimita 14 mpaka 15. Komanso amadya shirimpu, mbewa.

Zovuta kwa abale. Zambiri ndi madokotala ena othandizira sizikulimbikitsidwa. Kwa nsomba imodzi, chotengera cha malita 400 chimafunikira.

Striped Surgeon (Acanthurus lineatus)

Lineatus acanthus kapena dokotala wa opaleshoni ya pajama amakhala pamiyala yam'malo otentha kwambiri ndi madera ozungulira a Indo-Pacific. Mwachilengedwe, amakula mpaka 40 cm, ali mu ukapolo - 25-30 cm.

Mimba ndi buluu wopepuka. M'mphepete ndi kumbuyo kwake kuli ma neon a buluu, lalanje-achikasu ndi mizere yakuda yakuda. Chuma chamkati ndi chikasu kapena lalanje. Dorsal ndi anal ndi imvi-buluu wokhala ndi malire a neon a buluu. Choyimbira chakudyacho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira "Ω", imvi, ndi chingwe cha buluu cha neon.

Acanthurus lineatus ndi malo, okwiyira kwa madokotala ochita opaleshoni. Muli ndi akazi mumtsuko wa 1 m3. Pamafunika malo obiriwira ambiri komanso malo okwanira.

Mbidzi Surgeon (Acanthurus tristegus)

Amatinso "wokhulupirira" chifukwa cha mtundu wake. Amakhala m'matanthwe a South Indian ndi East Pacific Oceans. Pofufuza chakudya, amalowa m'madzi.

Mtundu wa Acanthurus triostegus ndi wonyezimira, nthawi zina umakhala wachikasu, wokhala ndi imvi kapena wakuda wopindika. Zipsepse ndizowonekera kapena zoyera. Imafika mpaka 25 cm (mu ukapolo 10-15 cm).

Acanthurus tristegus - sukulu, osachita zankhanza. Kwa anthu 4-5, mufunika chotengera cha malita 500. Zitsamba zodya zitsamba kuchokera ku miyala yamoyo.

Opaleshoni ya Chocolate (Acanthurus pyroferus)

Zambiri: m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Indo-Pacific, kupatula Hawaii. Imakula mpaka 25 cm (mu ukapolo - 16-18 cm). Mtundu - imvi ndi tint ya bulauni. Zilonda, nsagwada za m'munsi, komanso maziko a mchira wake ndi zakuda. Zipsepse zakuda, mchira wake ndi wakuda, mawonekedwe a zilembo zozungulira "Ω".

Khalani nokha kapena ndi mutu. Atha kwa nsomba imodzi - 250-300 malita. Kwa ziweto - kuchokera 400 malita. Madokotala ochita opaleshoni amayenda bwino.

Paracanthurus hepatus nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'matanthwe am'madzi am'madzi okhala ndi miyala yamiyala yolimba komanso yofewa. Ngati ma coral alipo, ndiye mikhalidwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi iwo. Madokotala ochita opaleshoni ya buluu amasintha mosavuta.

Aquarium

Chojambulachi ndi bokosi la makona kapena kiyibodi. Unyinji kwa nkhosazo - kuchokera 1 m3, imodzi - kuchokera 0.3 m3. Mizere yolingana ndi kanyumbako ikhale ya 1 x 1 x 1 m Kuonetsetsa kuti malo osambira akusoweka, m'lifupi ndi kuya kuyenera kupatsidwanso zambiri, kutalika kwake. Kuti muike mtsuko ndi zida muyenera kufunika.

Magawo amadzi

Nyama zam'nyanja zizolowera kukhala malo okhazikika komanso madzi abwino pakapita nthawi. M'madzi amchere a mchere wa alkali, mwayi wa poizoni wa ammonia umakulanso. Chifukwa chake, ndi chikhalidwe chachilendo cha nzika zamtambo, pangani mayeso mwachangu (ogulitsidwa m'misika yama petto). Sinthani madzi ngati kuli kofunikira.

• Kutentha kwamadzi: 24-26 ° C. Kuwonjezeka kochedwa kwa 29 ° C chifukwa chotenthetsa kwachilengedwe kapena kuwonongeka kwa thermostat. Kufa komwe kumakhalako.
• Chinyezi: pH 8.1-8.4.
• Kuuma kwa Carbonate: dkH 8-11. DkH ikagwera pansi pa 7, nsomba zamtambo zimadya matanthwe.
• Mchere: 35-36 ‰.

Zolemba malire oyenera:

• NH3 (ammonia) - mpaka 0,1 mg / l,
• NO2 (nitrites) - mpaka 0.2 mg / l.

Kuonekera kwamadzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi fyuluta yamakanika. Zinthu zovulaza zimachotsedwa mwa biofiltration: chithandizo ndi mabakiteriya, oxidizing ammonia ndi nitrites kuti nitrate (NO3). Fyuluta yamankhwala imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Poganizira kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu okhala pamalopo, sampu imalimbikitsa.

Kusintha kwa mlungu umodzi wa 1 / 4-1 / 3 kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafunika. Pakuthira mchere, gwiritsani ntchito mchere wa aquarium kuchokera ku malo ogulitsa ziweto ndi osmosis.

Zotsalira za chakudya ndi zinthu zonyansa zimayambitsa maonekedwe a zinthu za nitrogen. Chotsani dothi ndi siphon.

Zomera

Algae amamwa nitrate, phosphates ndi calcium. Mpweya wosungunuka wosinthidwa umasinthidwa kukhala mpweya ndi photosynthesis. Madyera a buluu sangalole kuti azidzaza azitha kudzaza danga la aquarium. Matcheni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pobisalira.

1. Cowlerpa amamangiriridwa ndi miyala kapena kusambira mumtsinje wamadzi.
2. Getomorfa amakula mu banki yowonetsera ndipo amagwira ntchito mu sump.
3. Ma ntsempha amakula mwamphamvu, mizu yake pansi.
4. Bamboo wofiyira amabzalidwa pansi. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 15-30 cm.

Kudulira

Timalimbikitsa tchipisi cha coral tokhala ndi zidutswa mpaka 5 mm. Amakhala ndi acidity yoyenera. Amachulukitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi kashiamu wofunikira pazomera, ndipo amatulutsa zofunika kwa anthu okhala pabuluu ndi ma corals.

Zida

Malo opumira ndi kutuluka kwamayendedwe amachititsa madzi ambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito zozizilitsanso auto. Gulani ku malo ogulitsira kapena pangani nokha. Pogula, gwiritsani ntchito osmosis popanda kuwonjezera mchere.

Chowerengeka chidapangidwa kuti chikhale chophatikizika cha chilengedwe. Ndi gawo limodzi mwa 1/3 logawika magawo. Makina othandizira madzi kuchokera ku tinthu tambiri timachitika kale.

Kuyeretsedwa kowonjezereka kuchokera ku organic jambo kumachitika mu skimmer. Iye ndi “tambala”, “wofunkha”. Kuyeretsa mpweya kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zambiri mu thovu pamwamba. Chithovu chimachotsedwa.

Kuyeretsa kwamakhemikolo kumachitika ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Mchipinda chachilengedwe, nitrite ndi ammonia zimakonzedwa. Mu scrubber and refugi (algae), ma phosphates ndi nitrate amamezedwa ndi algae (nthawi zambiri hetomorph), omwe ali pansi pa kuwala kowala. Kuwononga matendawa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito nyali ya ultraviolet.

M'mapiko, ndichizolowezi kuyika chotenthetsera chowongolera kutentha ndi chowongolera kutentha. TDP - 1 W pa 1 lita imodzi. Madzi otuluka ndimakonzedwa ndi pampu. Zochulukitsa - 8-10 mavidiyo a aquarium yayikulu pa ola limodzi.

Zida zofunika zimakhala zobisika mwaonyamula. Zomwe zimawongolera mawonekedwe ake ndikuchepetsa phokoso.

Nthawi zina, kuwonda kwa sing'anga kumachitika. Madigiri angapo adzazizira aquarium ndi fan fan. Kusintha kwamadzi kumapangitsa kuti kuzizire. Ngati luso silikwanira, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta ozizira kapena opangidwira.

Ziphuphu zimafunikira chakudya chamakono. Njira yabwino ndiyo kusinthaku kwa mapampu awiri ophatikizika ndi magawo khumi a ziwiya zowonetsera pa ola limodzi.

Kuwala

Ma korali amafunika kuyatsa koyenera. Ma polyp amalandila zina zofunikira kuchokera ku algae ya Symbiont. Algae ikufunika kuunikira okwanira kwa photosynthesis. Nthawi zambiri, kuwunikira kowala kwa 70-80 lumens pa lita imodzi yakwanira.

Gwiritsani ntchito magetsi a tubular fluorescent amtundu wa LB kapena nyale za LED zokhala ndi kutentha kwama 7000 K. Zomwe zikuyambira ku LED ndizolimba (kuyambira maola 50,000) ndipo zimaposa zonse zomwe zimadziwika mu kutulutsa.

Kudyetsa

Mwachilengedwe, dokotala wa opaleshoni amadya zooplankton, algae. Mu aquarium, 70% ya zakudya ndi zakudya zam'mera. Mphesa zimadzipangira zokha. Popewa kudya zakudya zamtchire, perekani masamba owala, masamba a oatmeal, ndi mapiritsi a spirulina. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuchuluka kwa ma hekhorphs mu sump algae. Tumizani ku ziweto zamtambo.

Muzipereka zakudya zokhazokha kapena zachisanu kangapo pa sabata. Nyama yothandiza ya shrimp, mussels, fillet ya nsomba zam'nyanja.

Dyetsani katatu pa tsiku. Yofunika sabata kusala kudya.

Matenda

Madokotala ochita opaleshoni yamatenda amadwala mosavuta. Ndi chithandizo chakanthawi, amachira bwinobwino. Matenda ofala ndi cryptocaryon.

Cryptocaryon imayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti tapezeka m'madzi am'madzi. Nsomba zogwidwa munyengo zodziwikiratu zimayambira. Matendawa amawonekera pokhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwa kusuntha ndi kufooka kwa chitetezo chokwanira. Zizindikiro: maonekedwe oyera amatuluka m'mimba mwake mulifupi ndi 0.5-1 mm. Matendawa akamakula, mpaka 2 mm.

Pazithandizo, dzalani petulo wodwala. Malo ogulitsa ziweto amagulitsa zinthu zamkuwa (zamkuwa zamkuwa). Chepetsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa. Chithandizo chimatenga masabata 2-2. Ndondomeko mu aquarium wamba sizingatheke chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa matanthwe omwe sangathe kulekerera mkuwa.

Popewa matendawa, kusinthasintha kwa madzi, kusintha kwa UV pamiyeso yayikulu kapena sampu ndikulimbikitsidwa.

Ndemanga

Eni ake amakondwerera kunja kosangalatsa kwa nsomba zamtambo, machitidwe achimwemwe. Ndikusowa kashiamu, amadzaza. Amawonetsa munthu payekha ndi luso la kuphunzira. Imayesa kulumikizana ndi nsomba zina. Odwala nthawi zambiri, koma nthawi zambiri popanda zotsatira.

Zithunzi zojambula

Pomaliza

Dokotala wa opaleshoni ya buluu - chokongoletsera cha panyanja. Sizimatayika kumbuyo kwa nsomba zina zowala. Zomwe zilipo sizovuta (zam'madzi zam'madzi). Oyenera kukhala m'matanthwe a m'matanthwe. Chiwindi chachitali, chimafuna mtsuko wokulirapo, koma m'malo otetemera sichisonyeza kukwiya. Zosathandiza: sizibereka kunyumba.

Nkhani za ozunzidwa komanso owona ndi maso

Izi ndi zomwe alendo amabwera polemba ndemanga zawo pamsonkhano woyamba ndi nsomba yochita opaleshoni:

Svetlana (kuvulazidwa ndi nsomba patchuthi, 2015):

Chaka chino, nsomba yochita maopaleshoni, chitsitsulo chaching'onochi, chidandikwatula. M'malo mwake, ndidafunsa ndekha. Koma, kumbali inayo, sindinadziwe kuti nsomba zokongola izi ndizowopsa. Komanso, aliyense kumeneko amayenda ndikumakoka miyendo ya nsomba, koma ndi ine ndekha amene ndapeza. Ndikuvomereza, kuvulaza kumakhala kowawa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, madotolo atelo adasambitsa mwendo wanga ndimadzi am'chipinda, ndikuyika shovchik. Ndimakayikira kuti msoko sukanapatsidwa ntchito. Zingakhale bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha. Eya, masiku atatu ndi antiotic.

Alina (kuvulazidwa ndi nsomba patchuthi, 2013):

11/28/2013 abwerera kuchokera ku Sharm El Sheikh.
Ndikufuna kuchenjeza aliyense, kunyanja, kumene kuli ma corals pafupi ndi gombe, nsomba izi (nsomba za Surgeon) ndizambiri. Ndidavutika ndi iye. Amayimirira m'chiuno mwamadzi ndikuyang'ana pansi pa nsomba, ndinali nditavala kuterera. Ineyo pandekha sindinawone vuto lililonse, koma ndinadula mwendo kuti ndiyenera kusoka. Ululu sulephera. Chenjerani ndi kukumana ndi kukongola kotero.

Za nsomba zina zowopsa zomwe mungakumane ndi tchuthi kunyanja, werengani nkhani iyi: "Zowopsa zam'nyanja."