Dzina lachi Latin: | Cygnus olor |
Gulu: | Anseriformes |
Banja: | Bakha |
Kuphatikiza: | Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya ku Europe |
Maonekedwe ndi machitidwe. Ngwazi zazikulu kwambiri za Eurasia, kutalika kwa thupi la 145-160 cm, mapiko a 210-240 masentimita, kulemera kwa 8-13 makilogalamu (amuna) ndi 6-7 kg (zazikazi).
Kufotokozera. Masamba akuluakulu a mitundu itatu yonse ya nyama zaku Russia ali ndi zoyera zoyera. Zovala zoyambirira za ana aang'ono ndi imvi zakuda, pambuyo poyambira kubereka nthawi yayitali nthawi yozizira, imakhala yoyera yokhala ndi mawanga amaso otuwa. Chovala choyera chomaliza chimakhala chovala pambuyo povala koyambirira kwa chilimwe mkati mwa chilimwe. Mu zaka zachiwiri kapena zitatu za moyo, mbalame zosakhwima zimasiyana ndi zazikulu kokha pakamwa. Mbalame zimatsitsa mitu yawo pansi pa madzi, chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha zolembedwa zamchere zokhala ndi mafuta osokoneza bongo ndi ma silt a mbalame zamibadwo yonse, nthenga za mutu ndi khosi lakumaso zimakhala zachikasu.
Monga ma swans amtundu wina, amasiyana ndi ma Anseriformes ena pakakhala milu - gawo lamatumbo atatu a khungu lowonekera pakati pamlomo ndi diso. Amasiyana ndi ma swans ena ndi kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe opukutira pakati pa mulomo ndi utoto wowala wonyezimira wa mulomo. Mlomo ndi kupindika m'maso mwakuda. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mlomo wakuda popanda chophuka pakugwa koyamba. Kukula kumayamba kuonekera pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu yoyamba, pomwe mulomo umakhala ndi mtundu wakuda bii.
Mbalame zosauka za zaka yachiwiri ndi yachitatu ya moyo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wotuwa wa pinki wa mulomo komanso kukula kwake kocheperako. Mwa akazi, kukula nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna. Miyendo yakuda. Kuchokera kutali, mawonekedwe a khutu la mbewa amawoneka. SWogwada ndikugwedeza mutu wako pansi. Mutuwu wamutu nthawi zambiri umasungidwa ngakhale ndi khosi lokwanira. Mapiko opindidwa nthawi zambiri amakweza pang'ono kumbuyo. Mchira wa mbalame wokhala pamadzi umakoka pang'ono.
Kuuluka, phokoso losalankhula limasiyana ndi mtundu wina wolumikizana wofanana ndi mtundu wa kamlomo wake, wokulirapo ndipo nthawi zambiri wopindika pang'ono, komanso mchira wautali komanso wowongoka. Achichepere ndi mbalame zazovala zapakatikati ndizosalala komanso zosiyanitsidwa kwambiri kuposa zaka zofananira.
Voterani. Mapiko a mbalame zouluka amatulutsa kulira kosangalatsa. Mawu ndi ocheperako, okumbukira madandaulo ndi nkhumba zazifupi kufupikitsa. Yaikazi, yoteteza chisa, imalira ngati tsekwe, ikutsitsa khosi lake lopindika komanso nthenga zokhala ndi nthenga. Pazionetsero zaukwati pamadzi ndi kuteteza gawo lake kwa alendo, amuna amakweza mapiko awo osachedwa kumtunda kumbuyo kwawo, khosi loloweka likugwedera kumbuyo kwawo. Pakumalizidwa kwa miyamboyo, mbalamezo zimagwirizanitsa milomo yawo ndipo "zimagwirizana" ndi makosi opindika.
Mkhalidwe Wogawa. M'mbali mwa nyanjayi muli mitsinje ikuluikulu yokhala ndi mabango, ndi mitsinje yayikulu kum'mwera kwa mapiri ndi zipululu za Eurasia mpaka ku Russia Far East. Mu Middle Ages anali otchuka ku Western Europe ngati mbalame yam'mapaki. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, malire a madera anakula kwambiri kumpoto mpaka ku Central Russia, madera a Leningrad ndi Pskov, ndi kumwera kwa Finland. Malo osungirako ena ochepa adapezeka m'malo opezeka Pechora. Nyengo zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kumalire a Nyanja Yakuda, Caspian ndi Pacific, komanso ku Persian Gulf.
Moyo. Kufika koyambirira, mkatikati mwa Russia - atapangidwa oyambira ma gullies m'madzi matupi. Zimayamba nesting pano theka lachiwiri la Epulo kapena theka loyambirira la Meyi, kumwera kwa Europe Russia kumazungulira kumapeto kwa Marichi. Pokhala nesting, amasankha matupi akuluakulu am'madzi otetemera a eutrophic okhala ndi masamba ambiri am'madzi: nyanja zazikulu, mitsinje ndi mitsinje ya madzi osefukira, malo osyanasiyana am'nyanja ndi zilumba zolimba.
Zisa zazikulu mpaka 1,2-1,5 mamilimita ndi mulifupi ndi 0,0-0.4 mita nthawi zambiri zimabisidwa muminda yayikulu ya udzu kapena mabango akuluakulu pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi. Zingwe zimachotsedwa m'madzi ndi 20 kapena mpaka 50. Pazilumba zam'nyanja ndi malovu, zisa zazing'ono zazing'ono zimatha kupezeka ponseponse pamchenga wam'mphepete, pakati pa udzu wocheperako komanso wocheperapo, nthawi zina madera 20-30.
Amasanja mwachisumbu zilumba zokhala ndi Maykov, makamaka chitsulo chasiliva, komwe amamanga zisa m'malo okwezeka kwambiri pakati pa kabati, 30-40 ngakhale 100 m kuchokera mmadzi. M'madzi am'nyanja, mabanja omwe amakhala ndi malo otetezedwa nthawi zambiri amasamala malo awo. Awiriwa amamanga chisa, chachimuna chimapanga chisa cha chisa kuchokera pamimba yayikulu. Mu clutch 5-7, nthawi zina mpaka 12, ofiira obiriwira kapena mazira otuwa.
Mankhusu osakwanitsa masiku 10 nthawi zambiri amapuma kumbuyo kwawo ndi makolo oyandama pansi pa mapiko awo akwezedwa pang'ono. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakwera kumapiko zokhala ndi miyezi itatu, mkanjira yapakati - nthawi zambiri mu Seputembala. Mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala ndi makolo awo nthawi yonse yozizira ndikubwerera kumalo komwe zimabadwira ndi nthawi yamasika. Chisa chikamangidwa, makolowo amawachotsa pamalo awo, mbalame zazing'ono zimalumikizana ndi ana osakhazikika azaka zachiwiri ndi zachitatu moyo ndikuyamba kuyendayenda.
M'makina osalankhula, izi zimachitika kale m'masiku oyamba a Meyi ndipo zimatha ndikupanga masango kumalo opukutira theka loyamba la Julayi. Kuuluka kwanyengo kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la Julayi kapena mu Ogasiti. Kubala mbalame molt nthawi ya ana. Zambiri zazikulu za mbalame zokhala ndi mbewa zosungunula nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamadzi osaya a Nyanja ya Caspian, madera a kumpoto kwa Nyanja Yakuda, nyanja zazikulu, ndi zilumba zam'nyanja za Finina ndi Estonia. Paulendo wosamukasamuka, imatha kuuluka kumpoto mpaka kumtunda wa Pechora, komwe kumapangidwira magulu awiriawiri.
Monga ma swans onse, imakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi, imasonkhanitsa chakudya kuchokera pansi m'madzi osaya mpaka 1.5 m, ndikutsika mutu wake ndi khosi pansi pamadzi kapena kugwa. Pafupifupi mbalame zam'madzi zokha, chakudya chake chimachokera pamtunda wamtali wam'madzi azomera zam'madzi komanso zokhala ndi zonyansa. Amadyetsa pamtunda, kubudula nthangala ndi masamba a mbewu, pokhapokha nyengo yoipa. Kubwera m'madzi ndikosowa kwambiri.
Muthute. Mitundu ya moyo wa phulusa
Swans ndi mbalame zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakopa anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale ndi chisomo komanso chisomo. Ndiwo mawonekedwe a kukhulupirika, chiyero ndi ulemu, chifanizo cha banja la swans chikuimira ukwati wolimba, chikondi ndi kudzipereka.
Mwa mitundu yonse ya nkhumba, khutu ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ndipo, malinga ndi ambiri, imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a chikwanje chosalankhula
Mute swan ndi mbalame yokhala ndi chovala chowala kwambiri, yoyera ngati chipale: pakuwoneka dzuwa imachita khungu. Ikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri ya banja la swan - kutalika kwa mbalame yachikulire kumatha kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo mapikowo amafika pafupifupi mamilimita awiri ndi theka! Akazi ndi ochepa komanso opepuka kuposa amuna.
Palibe zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya swans, pachithunzi cha khutu losayankhula zikuwoneka kuti khosi lake lalitali limapindika S-mawonekedwe, mapiko ake nthawi zambiri amawakweza m'mwamba, ngati matangawo.
Mapute a mapiko a mapiko amatha kufika mita 2
Chodabwitsa china cha mbalameyi ndikuti zikafika pangozi ndi ana atetezedwa, buluyo amatsegula mapiko ake, ndikuwakhomera m'khosi ndikumupukusa mokuwa. Ngakhale mtundu wa Chingerezi dzina lake potanthauzira umamveka ngati "Mute Swan" - izi sizikuwonetsa kuti zenizeni. Kupatula kutsitsa, amatha kupindika, kumayimba likhweru, ndikuwomba.
Monga mitundu ina ya agulu, mbewa yolankhula pamwamba pa mulomo imakhala ndi chopindika chamdima - kuphatikiza apo, amuna amakhala nayo kuposa akazi.
Izi zimawonekera mwa anthu akuluakulu okhwima okha. Mlomo wake ndi wofiirira, kumtunda, m'mphepete mwa mtengowo ndipo kunsonga kwa mulomo ndi kwakuda. Tizilomboti pamodzi ndi nembanemba timapendanso takuda.
Kusaka nguluwe zosalankhula kale inali ntchito yotchuka, yomwe idasokoneza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi. Pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, adaletsedwa.
Komabe, mpaka pano ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri yomwe imafunikira chitetezo chapadera. Kuipitsa kwamadzi chifukwa cha kuthira mafuta ndi mafuta kumakhala kovulaza kwambiri kwa mbalame. Amwalira, akugwera mafuta ndi mafinya amafuta a mafuta.
Muthute kuphatikizidwa Mabuku Ofiira mayiko ena ndi zigawo zina za Russia. Ku Europe, swans nthawi zambiri amadyedwa, amazolowera anthu ndipo amakhala osafunikira.
Zochititsa Chidwi cha Muma Swan
- Kuti mbalame iyi izitha kunyamuka, imafunikira malo okwanira kuti ichokepo. Sanganyamuke pamtunda.
- Pali nthano zachabe za kukhulupirika kwa mkazi: ngati mkazi amwalira, ndiye kuti mwamunayo amachoka kumtunda waukulu, amagwera pansi ndi mwala ndikusweka. Komabe, izi sizowona konse: ma swans amapanga mabanja okhazikika omwe amakhala moyo wawo wonse - sasintha abwenzi. Komabe, ngati m'modzi wa awiriwa amwalira, wachiwiriyo atenga banja latsopano, sakhala okha.
- Ku UK, swan amakhala ndi ulemu wapadera: zoweta zonse za mbalamezi ndi za Mfumukazi payekha ndipo zili pachiwopsezo chake chapadera. Ku Denmark, imadziwika ngati mbalame yamtundu, ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zake.
Sungani bata mukudya
Chakudyacho chimadyedwa makamaka ndi mbali zam'madzi zamtchire, zomera komanso zazing'ono, komanso crustaceans yaying'ono ndi mapira. Kuti apeze chakudya, nthawi zambiri amatsitsa mitu yawo m'madzi, mpaka nkumaima. Pafupifupi sipamakhala pamtunda, pokhapokha ngati nyengo za nyengo sizina bwino - mkuntho kapena kusefukira kwamadzi.
Simuyenera kudyetsa mkate ndi mkate - izi zimawononga thanzi lake ngakhalenso moyo. Ndikwabwino kupereka chisakanizo cha chimanga monga chakudya chowonjezera, masamba ophika zipatso - magawo a kabichi ndi kaloti.
Kubadwanso komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo chokhala chete
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono sofika msinkhu ndi kukhwima kwathunthu msanga - pofika zaka 4 zokha amakhala wokonzeka kubereka komanso kubereka ana. Nthawi yakuswana ikuyamba pakati - kumapeto kwa Marichi. Wamphongo amayang'anira mkaziyo mokongola, amasambira momuzungulira ndi mapiko osalala, ndikupukusira mutu, kuvala ndi khosi.
Pachithunzichi pali chisa cha mbewa
Akakhwima, wamkazi amatenga chisa, mwamunayo panthawiyi amatanganidwa kuteteza gawo. Ungumi umasenda chisa m'matenje akali, m'madzi osaya, kutali ndi maso a anthu.
Chisa chimamangidwa kuyambira moss, bango louma la chaka chathachi ndipo chimayambira, pansi chimakutidwa ndi pansi, chomwe chachikazi chimatulutsa pachifuwa pake. Danga la chisa ndilokwanira, kupitirira mita imodzi.
Tizilombo tating'ono, tomwe timakhala nthawi yoyamba, timatha kukhala ndi mazira awiri okha mu clutch, pomwe mbalame zodziwa zambiri zimatha kufikira mazira 9-10, koma pafupifupi ndi 5-8. Akazi okha ndi omwe amasaka mazira, nthawi zina amachoka mchisa chonde kukafunafuna chakudya.
Pa chithunzichi, mbewa zokhala chete
Chingwe chikukula pambuyo masiku 35, yokutidwa ndi imvi. Pofika nthawi yomwe abadwe, amadziwa kale kusambira komanso kudya pawokha. Maonekedwe a anapiye amagwirizana ndi njira yosungunuka m'makolo - kutaya nthenga, satha kuuluka patali, motero adzipereka kwathunthu kusamalira ana.
Nthawi zambiri nkhupakupa zimakonda kukwera kumbuyo kwa amayi awo ndikusunthira makulidwe ake. Pakutha kwa nthawi yophukira, anapiye omwe akukula amayamba kudziimira okha ndikukonzekera kuuluka. Nthawi zambiri, zimawulukira nthawi yachisanu ndi makolo awo. Nthawi yayitali yokhala chete pachaka yosungirako nyama ndi malo osungira nyama ndi zaka 28 mpaka 30, m'chilengedwe chake ndizocheperako.
Maonekedwe ndi kufotokoza wamba
Khosi losunthika komanso thupi lalitali limabadwa mosiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwambiri kumatha kukhala masentimita 187. Mapiko ndiwotambalala, mapiko akuluakulu kwambiri ndi masentimita 240. Miyendo ya mbalameyo ndiyotsika, yokhala ndi nembanemba, yomwe imathandizira kuyenda pamadzi.
Tikusambira, khungubwi yosalankhula imatha kuyenderera ndi ma thukuta awiri nthawi imodzi kapena mosiyanasiyana
Mangani ndi zolimba. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa mbalame kumakhala pafupifupi 13 kg. Pali, kupatula, zimphona za mtunduwu, zomwe kulemera kwake ndizoposa 22 kg. Nthawi ina, ku Poland, kudabzala gulu la anthu osalankhula, lomwe limalemera 25 kg, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, koma iyi ndi nkhani yapadera. Akazi amalemera pang'ono kuposa amuna, pafupifupi 6 kg.
Mosiyana ndi ma swans ena
Poyerekeza buza wa mbewa ndi oimira ena a mtundu wa swan, zitha kudziwika kuti mbewa yolira ili:
- khosi lalikulu kwambiri
- mchira wautali, wamtali,
- ikukweza mapiko nthawi zonse.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mlomo. Mute swan, pamaziko a mulomo wofiirira wofiirira, wokhala ndi zingwe, thunzi looneka ngati mtundu wakuda. Kukula kumawonekera kale kumapeto kwa dzinja la chaka choyamba cha moyo, pang'onopang'ono kukula. Mitundu ina ilibe bomba. Mute swan amakonda kuimitsa mlomo pang'ono mpaka pansi, pomwe mbalame zina (whooper, kakang'ono kakang'ono) zimasunga mozungulira, pafupifupi pafupi ndi madzi.
Nyengo yotentha, maula oyera amayera kwambiri
Mute swan adalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, popeza kwanthawi yayitali mtunduwu unkawoneka kuti uli pachiwopsezo (osati popanda ochita nawo ndakatulo). Tsopano anthu ambiri akuchita ntchito yolima nkhuku, kuthandiza kufalikira kwa anthu. Gawo lalikulu la mbewa ya mbewa ndi kumpoto komanso pakati pa Europe, Great Britain. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Asia, ku Baltic. Koma masiku ano, mbalame imamvanso chimodzimodzi m'maiko ena - ku North America ndi South Africa. M'magulu athuwa, nthumwi yoyimilira ya abakha ija imakhalanso mlendo. M'nyengo yozizira, pamakhala kusamukira kumadera am'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, Azov, Caspian ndi Mediterranean, ma swans amatha kufikira India.
Mbalame zambiri zimakhalabe nthawi yozizira kunyumba.
Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera nthawi yomwe mbalame zimagona. Atasonkhana, amatola manja awo ndikubisa mitu yawo pansi pa mapiko.
Kawiri pachaka, kusungunuka kumachitika - kusintha kwa nthenga. M'miyezi yotentha (Julayi - Ogasiti), mbalameyi imataya mapiko ake akuwuluka, yomwe imalepheretsa kuwuluka. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulera anapiye. Nyengo yachiwiri yosungunula, yayamba kale (kuyambira Seputembu mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Januware), imagwirizana ndi kusamuka. Swans imakhala yoyera kwambiri m'chaka chachitatu.
Khalidwe la mbalame pamadzi
Dzinalo limatengedwa powona momwe limakhalira. Pomwe kukwiya kukwiya, kumamveka ngati kulira kwa ketulo yowira. Mute swan amawonedwa kuti ndi wopanda pake pachabe. Mbalame zokhala ndi ma mbezi zolimba zimachita mokweza mawu ena, nthawi zambiri kuchokera padziwe, kupatula kuwulutsa kwamphamvu kwamapiko, kumalirira mluzu, ngakhale kukuwa kumamveka.
Asitikali ankhondo okhala ndi mapiko otetemera ndi amphamvu, nthawi zambiri amakhala njira yoteteza
Chowoneka china ndi mawonekedwe apadera a thupi posambira; mbeza imakonda kukweza mapiko ake ndikukhotetsa khosi lake, ndikuikongoletsa monga zilembo zaku Latin "S". Kupanda kutero, zamtundu wamtunduwu zimakhalira, monga zimayenera swans zonse. Ngakhale, kuyerekezera ndi whoper, munthu amatha kudziwa osati mawu okhawo ochepetsa, komanso mawonekedwe abata, mbewe yolankhulayo imakonda kucheza ndi mbalame zina, ndipo imatha kukhazikika pafupi ndi iwo. Nthawi zambiri mukamakhala ndi mbewezi mumatha kupeza abakha amtundu kapena ma swans akuda.
Chifukwa cha kulowamo kwa bubu mu Buku Lofiira la mayiko ambiri, mbalameyo imakhala yokhala m'nyumba
Mbalame zokhala ndi thukuta zimapuma awiriawiri munthawi yokhonya, ndikuchepetsa malo awo pamadzi. Nthawi yonse yomwe amatha kupanga magulu, amasambira ana onse (pafupifupi anthu 15). Ndipo chakumapeto, mbalame zimasanja gulu lomwe limatha kusambira zoposa zana.
Mbalame sizichita mantha ndi anthu, mwakufuna zimawatengera chakudya ndikuyika zithunzi. Koma, pokhala pafupi ndi chisa, mbewa imatha kukhala yankhanza kwambiri, ndibwino kuti ukakhale kwina kutali.
Pali milandu yodziwika yovulala kwambiri kwa munthu amene anali ndi vuto loti ayang'ane mu chisa.
06.12.2012
Mute swan (lat.Cygnus olor) ndi wa banja la a Ducks (Anatidae) kuchokera pagulu la Anseriformes.Adatenga dzina lake chifukwa cha zofunikira zomwe amafalitsa mosakwiya.
Mbalame yodabwitsayi ili ponseponse ku Eurasia, idatumizidwa ku USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand ndi kumwera kwa Africa. Ngati mbalame zakutchire ndizofala ku Asia, ku Europe, mbewa zokhala chete sizimatidwa kapena kukhala ndi moyo wamba.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XIX panali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu aku Europe chifukwa cha zokonda zodziwoneka bwino za nthawi imeneyo.
Mwamwayi, mafashoni amadyedwe okazidwa ndi nyali za kandulo adapita, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo pang'onopang'ono kunayamba kuchira. Pambuyo pa 1960, kusaka kwawo kunali koletsedwa m'maiko ambiri ku Europe.
Kudyetsa kunyumba
Ndikofunika kusamalira chakudya cha mbalameyi, sikofunikira kumwa mopitirira muyeso, apo ayi swan ikukumana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Malamulo apadera samasiyana kwambiri ndi mfundo zodyetsa atsekwe ena ndi abakha.
Udzu wobiriwira watsopano ndi gawo lofunikira la chakudya cha mbalame za m'badwo uliwonse. Pogaya:
Muzu muzu mumakhala madzi ambiri ndi ma microelements othandiza
M'nyengo yozizira, amadyera amatha kukhala ndi mizu yamitundu yonse:
- kabichi (makamaka chofunikira pakukula kwa mapiko)
- karoti,
- chikumbu,
- uta,
- mbatata,
Kuphatikiza pa msipu (udzu, chimanga, mbewu za muzu), ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chakudya cha nyama nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mutha kudyetsa nsomba zowiritsa
- nsomba yophika
- nyama yotsalira
- zopangidwa mkaka.
Nsombazo ndizofunikira makamaka pakasungunuka, ndiye nthenga zimakhala zowonjezereka. Chakudya cha nyama ndi mafupa ndi chofunikira pazakudya zochepa (3-8% ya chakudya chonse). Pazakudya zazinyama zazing'ono timasakaniza mazira owiritsa, omwe amadulidwa kale.
Chakudya cholinganizidwa bwino ndicho chinsinsi cha kusamalira bwino mbalame
Pansipa pali tebulo lomwe limafotokoza miyeso ya zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakudya.
Mbale. Zakudya za munthu wamkulu.
Dzinalo | Magiramu | Njira yodyetsera |
---|---|---|
Nandolo | 70 | kuphika |
Mafuta | 80 | kuba |
Oatmeal | 30 | kuphika |
Nthambi | 25 | kuba |
Mapira | 100 | kuphika |
Mapira | 35 | kuphika |
Barele | 40 | kuba |
Zamasamba. Zakudya za munthu wamkulu.
Dzinalo | Magiramu | Njira yodyetsera |
---|---|---|
Kabichi | 50 | Palibe pokonza zofunika |
Mbatata | 70 | Wiritsani |
Karoti | 150 | Palibe pokonza zofunika |
Beet | 20 | Palibe pokonza zofunika |
Anyezi | 10 | Palibe pokonza zofunika |
Swans, monga tiana tonse, timakhala ndi chakudya chapadera
Ndikwabwino kudyetsa akulu kawiri. Koma chochita ngati mwadzidzidzi anapiyewo atasiyidwa opanda mayi? Chakudyacho chikuthandizidwa ndi tebulo lotsatirali.
Zakudya za ma swans (magalamu).
Dzina la chakudya | Kufikira masiku 5 | Masiku 5-10 | Masiku 10-20 | Masiku 20-30 | Masiku 30-60 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dzira lophika | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 5 |
Mafuta a mkaka | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Nyama | - | - | 5 | 10 | 10 |
Madzi a magazi | 40 | 50 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
Chakudya chophatikiza | 30 | 50 | 75 | 120 | 200 |
Chimanga | 30 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Mapira | - | - | 10 | 25 | 40 |
Mapira | - | 10 | 20 | 20 | 40 |
Karoti | - | 10 | 25 | 50 | 60 |
Kabichi | 100 | 100 | 300 | 450 | 800 |
Letisi | 150 | 250 | 400 | 600 | 850 |
Mafuta azitsamba | - | - | - | 10 | 15 |
Choyamwa | 250 | 500 | 500 | 1000 | 500 |
Mafupa amafupa | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
Chakudya chotere chimathiridwa ndi madzi musanayambe kugwira ntchito kuti mbewa yolumayo iugwire chakudya.
Matenda
Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timayambira pa dziwe lanu tidzafuna, nthawi ya masika, kutulutsa anapiye. Mutha kuthandiza mbalame ndi izi. Konzani chilinganizo cha chisa pamphepete mwa kuyika udzu pamwamba pa bokosi lamatabwa. Ndipo mutha kupanga kamtanda kakang'ono pansi pa chisa. Shipuns azikonza mwanjira yawo, ndikuwonjezera moss, nthambi zouma, ndi fluff. Ndondomeko ina yonse (kuwaswa anapiye, kulera ana akuluakulu) idzatengedwera ndi mbalame.
Swans amatha kusambira kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo, koma nthawi zambiri amafuna kupita kwa amayi awo
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, yaikazi imayikira dzira limodzi, pomwe kulemera kwake kumakhala 345 g.Mtambo wina ndi mazira 5-10 (avareji ya masamba a 6-8). Nthawi yolumikizidwa (yonse ya Epulo, kumayambiriro kwa Meyi) imatha pafupifupi masiku 35, ndipo nthawi ya chibwenzi cha ana imatha kukhala mpaka miyezi isanu. Munthawi imeneyi, achikulire amaphunzitsa anapiye kuti adye moyenera, kuwasamalira, kuwateteza ku nkhuku za anthu ena akuluakulu. Nthawi inanso yokhala m'ndende imatha kukhala zaka zingapo. Pokhala atakhala odziyimira pawokha, ana amasamba nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi makolo awo.
Pamene mluza umakula, mtundu wa dzira umatembenukira chikasu chikasu.
Mwana wankhuku akangobadwa kumene amalemera pafupifupi 22 g; kale patsiku lachiwiri, amatha kuzisunga pamadzi pawokha. Posakhalitsa, swans, pansi pa maso a akulu, amasambira m'madzi osaya ndikumeza osayenda.
Swans amachita zambiri zoyambira mabungwe
Ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe muyenera kuyamba kudula mapiko ang'onoang'ono, apo ayi mbalame zimatha kusuntha. Kubola kumayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi. Inde, zimawononga kuwoneka kwa suwo pang'ono. Koma, ngati simukonzekera kunena zabwino kwa mbalame mpaka kalekale, ndipo simukufuna kudula mbali ina ya mapiko ake, muyenera kupereka nthenga.
Anapiyewo amayamba kuuluka osapitirira miyezi 4.5 kuchokera tsiku lobadwa. Monga mbalame zonse, nyengo yakubadwa kwa anapiyewo imagwirizana ndi molt. Mu anapiye mpaka zaka zitatu, maula ndi ofewa, am imvi, ndipo milomo yake ndi yakuda. Akuluakulu okha, amapeza nthenga zoyera ngati chipale chofewa.
Posachedwa mlomo wa anapiye asintha mtundu
Kusamalira Zaumoyo
Mukama kubereka mbalame zosowa chonchi, ndikofunika kulabadira osati zomwe zili zodyetsa. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi la mbalame, ndikofunikira kubweretsa mchere wambiri komanso vitamini wambiri mu zakumwa zawo.
Mutex amakhala pa ndege yonse padziko lapansi, kupatula equator
Mlingo umaperekedwa m'matafura.
Kukuyerekeza kwakanthawi kotsatila kofunikira kwa chinthu chimodzi patsiku, mg.
Kj | CoCl2 | ZnCl2 | MnSO4 | CuSO4 | FeSO4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
8 | 10 | 30 | 100 | 10 | 100 |
Timagwiritsa ntchito yankho lamadzi.
Kuyerekeza kwamagulu mavitamini ofunikira ndi mutu umodzi patsiku, mg.
NDIPO | MU 1 | MU 2 | MU 3 | PA 6 | PA 12 | PP | Dzuwa | NDI | D3 | E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 2 | 4 | 20 | 4 | 12 | 20 | 1.5 | 50 | 1.5 | 10 |
Mavitamini ndi mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kupuma nthawi yofananayo.
Mbalame zimafunanso mavitamini ndi michere
Zizindikiro zakunja zokhala ndi vuto la kusalankhula:
- maso ali ndi tint yakuda
- mapiko amatulutsa pang'ono,
- nthenga zazikulu
- mbalame imagwira m'madzi,
- kulakalaka zabwino,
- minofu ya sternum ndiyotanuka mokwanira
- malo odulira abisika pansi pa khungu,
- palibe maliro mu gait
- zinyalala zobiriwira ndi zodetsa zoyera.
Kupewa
Nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zinthu zina za antiparasitic swans. Matendawa amatenga mbalame.
Ngati pali kukayikira kwa mfuti yokhala ndi mfuti, ndikofunikira kudziwa malo olowera chipolopolo pogwiritsa ntchito radiology. Pambuyo pochichotsa ndi forceps, chilondacho chimasokonekera ndi ndudu.
Kudulidwa kwamapiko kumachitika bwino ndi swans m'miyezi isanu. - burashi imadulidwa limodzi. Timasankha mankhwala oletsa ululu pochita novocaine blockade. Phula lozungulira silika liyenera kuyikidwa m'dera lamtsempha, ndipo malo achilonda chotseguka chizikundidwa ndi mpira wa panthenol (aerosol) kapena wokutidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Izi zimathandiza kuti kutupa kusathe, komwe kumatha zaka zambiri, kusokoneza thanzi lathu lonse.
Ngati mabala mwangozi a mbiri iliyonse, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa antchito yotulutsa mankhwala yotupa.
Simungasunge chinsalu chokha padziwe, kusungulumwa, chitha kudwala
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame siziyenera kuloledwa kukhala panja kwa nthawi yayitali, apo ayi kuuma kwa paws gangrene kapena bronchitis kumatha kuchitika. Ngati chimfine chayamba kale kuzungulira thukuta, muyenera kulitumiza mofulumira kuti litenthe ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo, pogwiritsa ntchito vitamini C. Paws imatha kuthilitsidwa ndi yankho la mafuta a calendula, imatulutsa mabala ang'onoang'ono bwino.
Kuyendera dziwe tsiku lililonse nthawi yozizira (monga nthawi yachilimwe) ndikofunikira.
Mbalamezi zimatha kuwaza m'madzi oundana.
Kulephera kusamba kumatsogolera kutukusira kwa gland pamtambo wa mchira. Matendawa amateteza kwambiri kukana kwa cholembera, mbalameyo imayamba kunyowa, ikakanda malo osautsa ndi mulomo wake.
Momwe mungapangire mankhwala
Ngati mukufuna kupatsa mankhwala pakamwa (kudzera pakamwa) - ndizosavuta. Iyenera kukhala yosakanizidwa ndi nyama kapena nsomba. Nthawi zina muyenera kuyambitsa mankhwala a swan (mavitamini, maantiotic) ngati jakisoni.
- intramuscularly (ntchafu, bere) - timayambitsa mpaka 1.0 ml ya mwana wankhuku pamwezi, mpaka 3.0 ml ya wokalamba,
- subcutaneally (chifuwa) - mlingo waukulu wa munthu wamkulu ndi 20,0 ml,
- mtsempha wamitsempha pansi pa mapiko - - osapitirira 50.0 mg.
Zowunikira zoterezi zimayenera kuchitidwa molumikizana ndi wothandizira, apo ayi mutha kuvutika kwambiri. Chikwanje chimatha kugunda mapiko kapena kuwomba kangapo kupweteka. Munthu m'modzi ayenera kukanikiza thupi la buluzi pansi, kukumbukira kukumbukira mutu wa tsekwe.
Kusamalira swan sikovuta. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita prophylaxis munthawi
Kukhazikika kwa chakudya m'zakudya, kuonetsetsa kuti nyanjayo ikukhazikika komanso kutetezedwa kwa mayeso a mbalameyo kuonetsetsa kuti nyanjayo ikhale nthawi yayitali m'nyumba iliyonse.