Kamchatka brown chimbalangondo (lat. Ursus arctos beringianius) ndi masamba owerengeka a bulauni (lat. Ursus arctos), ogawidwa ku Eurasia. Amasiyana ndi abale ake omwe amakhala ku Siberia chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso chikhalidwe chawo chodandaula. Azungu oyamba omwe adachezera Kamchatka m'zaka za zana la 19 adakhudzidwa ndi chimphona chambiri chamatsenga. Amayendayenda ataswana, osanyalanyaza anthu.
Kusasamala kotero kunafotokozedwa ndi kusapezeka kwa adani achilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Zimbalangondo zaubwenzi sizinakayikire ngakhale pang'ono zomwe zingachitike kuchokera ku zolengedwa zamiyendo iwiri. Tsopano aphunzira kale kuzindikira munthu ndipo akuyesera kuti amuyandikire momwe angathere. Kusaka kwawo kwakhala chinthu china chofunikira pokonzanso chuma chakomweko.
Chaka chilichonse boma limapereka ziphaso za 500 kuwombera kwawo pamtengo wokwana pafupifupi madola 10,000. Poganizira zauchifwamba, nyama zimafa zambiri.
Mu 2008, gulu la zimbalangondo zokwiya 30 zokwiya pambuyo paulendo wina adawakonza kuti adzagwire anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi ya platinamu m'boma la Olyutor, ndikupha alonda awiri. Ogwira ntchito mwamantha adaganiza kuti asayese tsogolo ndipo adafulumira kusintha ntchito. Zonse, izi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri.
Chiwonetsero cha nkhanza zotseguka motsutsana ndi anthu sichidutsa 1% ya milandu yonse yodziwika.
Habitat
Ku Kamchatka, mitunduyi imagawidwa makamaka mdera la Anadyr. Imapezeka kunja kwa peninsula kuzilumba za Karagin, Shantar ndi Kuril, kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk kupita ku Stanovoi Range komanso ku St. Lawrence Island (USA).
Khalidwe
Malo okhala nyama imodzi amakhala pamtunda wa 2000 km. M'nyengo yozizira, amagwera hibernation, ndipo nthawi yachisanu amasamuka akusaka chakudya. Amapewa mapiri ndi madambo. M'nyengo yotentha, chimbalangondo cha Kamchatka chimadya zipatso (mabulosi abuluu, mabulosi akuda, nkhwangwala zakuda zam'madzi, mitambo yowoneka ndi mitengo, ndi zina), nsomba za pinki komanso utawaleza, zomwe zimayamba kutulutsa.
M'dzinja, mtedza wa paini ndi phulusa la kumapiri limadalira chakudya. Mitembo ya nyama za m'madzi, nsomba zakufa, chimbudzi ndi mbewu zamphesa zimadyedwa panthawi yachakudya chopanda chakudya.
Zakudyazi zimaphatikizanso mizu yomera, makoswe, tizilombo, mphutsi, mbalame ndi mazira a mbalame. M'mphepete mwa nyanja, imatha kuwononga ma pinnipeds. Kwa maola ambiri atakhala m'madzi ozizira palibe kanthu kwa iye, komanso kuthamanga. Patsiku limodzi, amatha kuyenda mpaka 100 km popanda kuyesetsa. Sikwela mitengo chifukwa cha unyinji wake, koma imasambira bwino komanso kusambira mosangalala pamitsinje yaying'ono.
Kuswana
Nyengo yakukhwima ikukhala mchilimwe. Mabanja amapangidwa kwakanthawi kochepa. Mkazi amatha kumvana ndi amuna angapo. Mazira okhathamira amayamba kukhazikika mthupi la mkaziyo nthawi yozizira. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.
Kuchokera pa ana atatu mpaka amtundu wamaliseche komanso akhungu omwe akulemera 300 mpaka 400 g amabadwa. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikupita masentimita 30. Amayamwitsa ana awo mwa kulumikiza miyendo yake pamimba yake ngakhale osadzuka. Hibernation imatha miyezi 6-7. Ali ndi zaka 30-30 masiku, makanda amatsegula maso awo. Chifukwa cha mkaka wa m'mawere, iwo amakula mwachangu kwambiri.
Kumayambiriro koyambira, ana a chimbalangondo amachokera kuchimbudzi kupita kukafunafuna chakudya. Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga miyezi inayi, koma amakhalabe ndi mayi mpaka zaka 2-3.
Zimbalangondo zimayamba kukhwima pakatha chaka cha 4 cha moyo.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika ku 2.4-3 m, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu ndi 300-400 kg, kutalika kwa 650 kg. Amuna ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aakazi kuposa akazi. Utoto wake ndi woderapo wokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Chochepa kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi tsitsi lopepuka kapena lakuda.
Zovala zam'tsogolo zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 13. Chiwerengero chonse chikuyerekezedwa ndi anthu 20,000.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa chimbalangondo cha Kamchatka kumafika zaka 40.
Kamchatka - dziko la zimbalangondo
Kamchatka Bear kuchigwa cha Geysers
Dera la Kamchatka ndilodziwika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mapiri, miyala yamchere ndi zimbalangondo zofiirira.
Ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira cha Kamchatka chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndiye mwini wa malowa. Ngakhale kunalibe misewu ndi magetsi ku Kamchatka, zimbalangondo zimakhala kale kuno ndikumva kutetezedwa kwathunthu. Ndipo bwanji ayenera kukhala amantha? Chimphona chachikulu pafupifupi kilogalamu 200 chimayambitsa ngozi kwa anthu. Zovala zake zimafika masentimita 13 ndipo zimatembenuza mosavuta pansi. Nsagwada zake zamphamvu ndi mano akulu odulidwa mosavuta kudzera m'mafupa.
Ndi kuchedwa konsekonse, zimbalangondo zimagwira mwachangu, chifukwa zimakonda kupha nsomba nthawi zambiri. Akakhala pamtunda, amatha kugwira kavalo mosavuta. Komanso ndi osambira akuluakulu. Chimbalangondo cha brown ndimtundu wowopsa.
Posachedwa, iwo amakhala padziko lonse lapansi: England, Ireland, North America, Alaska, Canada, Siberia ndi China. Tsopano mtundu wawo wafupika. Ochuluka kwambiri amakhala ku Kamchatka, Primorye ndi Alaska. Komanso, mabanja pafupifupi 20,000 amakhala ku Kamchatka.
Mabulu a bulauni amakhala momasuka kudera lonselo, kupatula kumapiri ndi madambo. Koma kudziwika kwawo kwakukulu kunazindikiridwa m'dera la Anadyr. Mwambiri, malinga ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, zimbalangondo zimakhala ndi 95% ya gawo la Kamchatka.
Mmodzi mwa malo omwe amakonda zimbalangondo zofiirira ndi Kuril Lake. Pakumera kwa nsomba, mpaka anthu chikwi akhoza kuwoneka pano. Zambiri zimapezeka pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito ma akaunti a ndege.
Komanso, zilombo zolusa zimakhazikika m'nkhalangozi, m'nkhalango zowirira. Ambiri aiwo amapezeka m'malo opezeka mitengo, tundra, ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku malo omwe ali ndi chakudya chotsika mtengo komanso kuthekera kopeza zovala.
Kulemera komanso mawonekedwe a chimbalangondo chofiirira
Kamchatka bulauni
Chimawoneka ngati thupi lopanda kanthu, koma thupi lamphamvu. Maso ang'ono ndi makutu. Pali mchira, koma suwoneka chifukwa cha chovala cholimba. Zazitali zazikulu ndi zikhadabo zazitali kumapeto. Komanso, ma paws sikuti chida choopsa, komanso othandizanso odalirika kuti apeze chakudya. Ndi miyendo yawo, zimbalangondozo zimadziteteza, nsomba, kukumba masamba ndi mitengo yozikika ndi mitengo. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zikhadabo ndi zazikulu, mpaka 13 cm mu kuwala kapena mumdima wakuda. Kuchokera pamiyendo mungadziwe za kulemera ndi msinkhu wa chilombo. Ngati ana azaka chimodzi ali ndi kukula kwa phazi losaposa 8 cm, ndiye kuti chimbalangondo chachikulire chimakhala ndi masentimita 24 kapena kupitirira.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, avareji achimuna ambiri amafikira 200 kg. Zachikazi ndizocheperako komanso zolemera 195 kg. Koma pali zosiyana. Akazi ena, amatchedwa matuhti, sakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi amuna amuna kulemera kapena mwamphamvu. Miyeso imatengedwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nyama zikafika posachedwa ndikuchepa thupi chifukwa cha maloto ataliitali. Mukugwa, amatha kuyesa mafuta makilogalamu 400 kapena kupitilira apo. Ndipo izi ndizowonadi zodabwitsa. Kupatula apo, zimbalangondo zofiirira zimakhala makamaka zamasamba. Pokhapokha mutangomera pomwe amadya mafuta ochulukirapo. Zakudya zawo zazikulu ndi mizu, zipatso, mtedza, mphutsi za tizilombo.
Zimbalangondo zimakula miyoyo yawo yonse, koma pamakhala nthawi zina zoyambira kukula, kuyambira zaka 9 mpaka 12, kuyambira 25 mpaka 35, zaka 40. Magawo awa amagawika muunyamata, ukalamba ndi ukalamba. Asayansi amafotokoza milandu yomwe chimbalangondo chimalemera 200 kg wazaka 35 ndi 400 kg wazaka 8.
Ku South Kamchatka Reserve, wamwamuna wazaka 8 anali wolemera. Kuchuluka kwake koyambirira kwa Juni kunali 410 kg, kutalika kwake kunali pafupifupi mita 2.5, ndipo chifuwa chake chinali 1.5 metres mulifupi. Amayesedwa kuti pofika nthawi yophukira amatha kupeza bwino zoposa 450 kg. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa zimphona ndi umboni wosatsutsika. Amuna akulu akulu olemera makilogalamu 400 ndipo ngakhale 600 amakhala ku Kamchatka. Ndipo wamkulu kwambiri anali wolemera makilogalamu 700.
Mtundu wa ubweya ndi wosiyana ngakhale kwa anthu okhala m'dera limodzi. Wofiirira wofala kwambiri, koma palinso kunyezimira kowoneka bwino, kwamtambo ndi pafupifupi mtundu wakuda. Chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 20. Ali mu ukapolo, zimbalangondo zimakhala zaka 50.
Ntchito ya chimbalangondo cha Kamchatka
Kamchatka amabala moyo wachangu kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala; amagona nthawi yozizira. Izi ndi nyama imodzi. Wamphongo amakhala m'dera limodzi, wamkazi ndi ana - wina. Komanso, ana azaka ziwiri, ma pestoon, omwe amathandiza mayi kuyang'anira abale, amakhala ndi ana. Malire amtunda wa aliyense ndiosiyana ndipo amafikira mahekitala ambiri. Nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala ndi amuna ambiri kuposa akazi. Zimbalangondo zimateteza masamba awo mwadala, kuwayika chizindikiro ndi fungo lawo ndikusiya zikande pamitengo - oyipa
Chakudya chachikulu cha chimbalangondo cha Kamchatka ndi nsomba, makamaka nsomba. Koma mpaka nthawi yobala, nyama zimadya msipu. Chimbalangondo chanjala chomwe chatuluka kumene kumatha kudya zitha kudya nyama zakufa ndi nyama zakufa, tizilombo, achule ndi nyerere. Zimbalangondo za bulauni zimasunthika kwakanthawi kukafunafuna chakudya. Chapakatikati amadya zigwa, pamenepo matalala amasungunuka kale. Kenako m'madambo, ndipo pakati pa chilimwe imatsikira kuthengo komwe zipatso ndi mtedza zimacha. Pafupifupi kugwa, zimbalangondo zimasunthira kumalo obisika. Kuphatikiza apo, amapeza malo omwe amasonkhanitsira nsomba molondola. Salmon imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, omwe amathandiza nyama kupulumuka nthawi yayitali yozizira. Chimbalangondo chachikulu chimatha kudya makilogalamu 100 a nsomba patsiku.
Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri mu nyama zam'mawa ndi zamadzulo. Mu nthawi yonse ya masika, chilimwe ndi kuchigwa koyambirira, amayamba kunenepa kwambiri, kenako amabisala. Amayi oyamba kugona ndi ana, kenako azimayi oyembekezera, komanso amuna akuluakulu. Kugona kumatenga miyezi 5-6 pachaka, mpaka masiku 195, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Koma nthawi zina njira yogona kukagona ikhoza kupitilira mpaka Disembala. Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ana zimagona motalika, amuna achikulire - ochepera.
Zimbalangondo zimapeza kapena kupanga mapanga mu maenje owuma, momwe mumakhala mphepo yambiri. Amatha kukhazikika pansi pamizu yamitengo yopota. Nthawi zina zimbalangondo zimakumba pansi mu nthaka kapena m'mapanga a m'miyala. Kugona kwa chimbalangondo, kosaya. Pakakhala ngozi kapena kutopa, angadzuke ndikuchoka kukafunafuna chakudya ndi malo atsopano ogona. Nthawi zina m'nthawi yovuta kapena yamvula, nyama sizikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yopanga mafuta ochulukirapo ndipo mwina sizingakhale mu nyengo yoyipa. Zimbalangondo zoterezi zimatchedwa ndodo zolumikizira. Amayendayenda m'nkhalango kufunafuna chakudya ndipo zimawopseza anthu.
About Kamchatka chimbalangondo
Chimbalangondo cha Kamchatka sikuti ndichimodzi mwazomwe zimakopa kwambiri m'derali, komanso mtundu wina wonyamula zimbalangondo zofiirira. Akatswiri a zaumoyo amati zimasiyana ndi zimbalangondo wamba zazikuru komanso zazikulu zazitali.
Mabulu a Brown amakhala ku 95% ya gawo la Kamchatka Territory, ndiye kuti, amatha kupezeka kulikonse, kupatula madera akuluakulu, mapiri omangidwa ndi chipale chofewa komanso mathithi osambira. Koma izi sizolondola, chifukwa, ngakhale mu maulendo apaulendo, sitikukulangizani kuti muiwale zachitetezo cha chimbalangondo.
Chimbalangondo ndi nyama yodabwitsa komanso ku Kamchatka amakonda kudya nsomba, osati nyama. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri alendo amabwera kudzakumana nawo pamitsinje, kunyanja komanso kunyanja. Zimbalangondo za Kamchatka ndi asodzi abwino, amadziwa kuwedza nsomba pakadumpha, kukhudza ndi njira ya cholembera m'madzi osaya.
Momwe mungapewere kukumana ndi chimbalangondo
Ngati simuli katswiri wofufuza zowerengera za nyama zomwe zikuwerenga manambala, zizolowezi ndi moyo wa zimbalangondo, ndibwino kuti musayese kukumana ndi omwe amadya. Timalankhula za malamulo oyambira omwe angathandize kupewa chibwenzi chosafunika:
musamange misasa m'malo omwe zimbalangondo zimadyetsa. Ngati mudawona chovala chimbalangondo kapena malo owoneka bwino pakutsukidwa bwino ndi zipatso, sankhani malo ena oyimikapo magalimoto,
musamange matenti pomwe mumaphika ndikusungira chakudya: fungo la chakudya limakopa chimbalangondo ndipo mbandakucha mutha kukhala ndi alendo osayembekezereka,
pakati pa kusintha ndi maimidwe kumapangitsa phokoso, kuyimba nyimbo, lankhulani mokweza - apa si mawu olakwika, koma chitsimikizo cha chitetezo,
yendani m'magulu akulu, makamaka "kuthengo" - ndikwabwino kuchita izi ndi amuna akumisasa kuposa kukhala ndi chimbalangondo poyang'ana zipatso.
Tetezani malire a msasa. Zimbalangondo sizimakonda fungo lamadzi, kotero masokosi amdothi ndi zovala zamkati zomwe mumayika kuzungulira mahema zimawawopsa,
Osamawedza m'malo a chimbalangondo. Inde, inunso muli ndi ufulu wodya nsomba zatsopano, koma ngati muona kuti bere latsalira, musayerekeze kuti ndi malowa, apo ayi chimbalangondocho chidzayeseza kukugwira.
musatenge mankhwala onunkhira mwamphamvu kapena zinthu zaukhondo pamiyala, zimbalangondo zimakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri ndipo zimatsimikiza kukhala ndi chidwi ndi fungo lachilendo,
yang'anirani zaukhondo pamalondapo, kuwotcha chakudya nthawi yomweyo mukatha kudya.
Zoyenera kuchita mukakumana ndi chimbalangondo cha Kamchatka?
Ngati chimbalangondo sichinakuzindikireni, koma osayandikira, chiziwopsezeni ndi kulira kwa zinthu zachitsulo: zikuni, mipeni, mphira kapena mawu akulira kwambiri,
ngati mungapeze chimbalangondo asanakhale nanu, muchokere pamalo osiyaniranawo mtunda wautali,
ngati munaona chimbalangondo choseketsa chapafupi ndi njirayo, chimango chomwe chikulonjeza kupambana mu mpikisano wa zithunzi, osatulutsa kamera, koma mwachangule kutali kotheka - pali mayi wokwiya pafupi,
Konzekerani ulendo wanu kuti masinthidwewo akhale ochepa maola usana. Madzulo ndi nthawi ya ntchito zapadera za bearish,
kuthawitsa chimbalangondo, kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chosaka ndi zinthu zofanana ndi mfuti - zimbalangondo zimakhala ndi malingaliro akuthwa komanso zokumbukira bwino, kotero akakumana ndi alenje, nthawi ina asadzayandikira,
osathawa pachimbalangondo. Ngakhale kutha kwakanthawi, mdani wanzeru amatha kuthamangira ku 50 km / h,
kuthawa chimbalangondo, osamukana - chifukwa chake mumalephera kwathunthu kuyendetsa,
ngati chimbalangondo chikukukondweretsani, ndiye yesetsani kukhala wamkulu kuposa chimbalangondo: imirirani zala zanu, tsegulani jekete lanu, kwezani chikwama chanu pamutu panu. Chimbalangondo ndikutsimikiza kuti palibe wamkulu pamalowo, choncho cholengedwa chachikulu chosadziwika chimamukakamiza kuti apite pambali.
Popeza mwakumana ndi chimbalangondo, chichitireni monga wolusa mwankhanza komanso wosaganizira, ngakhale kukula kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake. Osamapita ku chizindikiro cha Kamchatka ndipo musayese kutenga nawo. Kumbukirani kuti muli kuthengo, komwe zochita zachinyengo zingakuwonongerani thanzi kapena moyo.
Kodi aphunzitsi a Peak amatani kuti akhale otetezeka?
Kamchatka Krai ndi amodzi mwa madera omwe Peak amakonda kwambiri. Sikuti timangoyenda maulendo ataliatali komanso maulendo okangalika opita ku Kamchatka, komanso chitetezo chimbalangondo chambiri pamayendedwe:
timayambitsa zachidule zotsutsana ndi chimbalangondo ndipo timauza malamulo amkhalidwe tikakumana ndi nyama zamtchire tsiku loyamba kunyamuka,
tikakumana ndi clubfoot timatenga ma cylinders a tsabola, malawi, kukweza mluzu ndi zizindikiro za msaki,
sitimalola zimbalangondo kupita nazo kumsasa, titagona ndi zisanza zozunguliridwa zokhazikika muviniga,
Sambani kutsuka mbale mukatha kudya kuti pasanununkhanemo.
chakudya chisasungidwe patali,
makamaka oyenda maulendo a Kamchatka, timalemba anthu ambiri mpaka 23 kuti zimbalangondo zisalimbane chifupi.
Zimbalangondo zofiirira za Kamchatka ndizodziwika chifukwa chaubwenzi. Koma, monga anthu, amagwera m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ndikukhala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana: imodzi imafooka, inayo imakhala ndi njala, ndipo yachitatu imadyetsedwa ndi alendo. Ndizosatheka kulosera zamakhalidwe a bearish, chifukwa chake, kukumana kwabwino kwambiri ndi mdyera wakuda ndi komwe kunalibe. Koma musawope zimbalangondo, samalani kuti musawone Kamchatka!
Chitetezo poyenda
Kuyenda tsopano ndi nyanja, kuchokera ku zovuta zosavuta ndi sitima kumapeto kwa sabata kupita kuulendo wokondweretsa ku Peru. Kuyenda ndi msewu wautali, malo atsopano, malingaliro odabwitsa. Kupirira mayeso komanso kudzigonjetsa. Moyo wosalira zambiri wokhala ndi zinthu zochepa.
Mapikisano okwerera Elbrus
Kupambana kwa kukwera kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ngati ndizosatheka kuneneratu nyengo, ndiye mawonekedwe akuthupi, thanzi, malingaliro - izi ndizomwe titha kutengera. Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe.
Zimatenga ndalama zingati kupita ku Altai
Dera lokongola kwambiri lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera kumapiri opanda phokoso, mitsinje yodabwitsa ndi nyanja zamiyala. Wokhala ndi nthano ndi mitambo Altai.Malinga ndi miyambo yakale, Mulungu adaganiza zopanga ngodya yamtendere ndi chisangalalo padziko lapansi, yotchedwa Falcon, Deer ndi Cedar komanso.
Kamchatka Chimbalangondo Chakudya
Maziko a chimbalangondo cha Kamchatka si nyama, koma nsomba. Chithandizo chomwe chimakonda kwambiri zimbalangondo ndi nsomba, nsomba, chomwe chimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, chifukwa ichi nyama imalekerera bwino nyengo yachisanu ya Kamchatka. Wamphongo wamkulu amatha kudya pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 a nsomba patsiku.
Kamchatka bulauni (Ursus arctos).
Zimbalangondo za Kamchatka zakhala zikugwira ntchito m'njira zambiri posodza: podumpha, kukhudza, komanso nsomba zodyedwa m'madzi osaya. Salmon ndiye gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha chimbalangondo cha Kamchatka, koma osati chokhacho. Mitsinje sikhala ndi nsomba zambiri, motero kwa miyezi ingapo nyama zazikuluzi zimayenera kudya mtedza ndi zipatso.
Kutuluka mosazungulira, chimbalangondo chimadziponyera mwachidwi ku cholengedwa chilichonse, mwachitsanzo, akatswiri. Koma kwa nyama zazikulu zokhala ndi magazi ofunda, zimbalangondozi sizowopsa, chifukwa amakonda zakudya zamasamba, mpaka magulu ambiri a nsomba amawoneka m'mitsinje ya Kamchatka. M'chilimwe, Kamchatka amabzala msipu, kufunafuna zipatso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Kukhazikika m'madzi oundana kwa maola ambiri sikumapangitsa Kamchatka kukhala ndi vuto.
M'nyengo yozizira, zimbalangondo zimasokonezedwa ndi nyama zazing'ono, zipatso, zitsamba.
Moyo wa zimbalangondo ku Kamchatka
Kamchatka Peninsula ndi amodzi mwa malo ochepa momwe nyama zimatha kumasuka, chimbalangondo chilichonse chachisanu ndi chimodzi ku Russia chimakhala kuno. Pakadali pano, zimbalangondo zopitilira 20 zikupezeka ku peninsula. Mapeto ake adaperekedwa ndi akatswiri a za sayansi ya zachilengedwe omwe amasanthula zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa anthu chimbalangondo.
Sizikudziwika kuti ndi zimbalangondo zingati zomwe zimasakidwa popanda kudzipereka kuchuluka kwa anthu. Zomwe zimavomerezeka mdziko lathuli zimawerengedwa kuti 7-10%. Koma pakadali pano, mabanja opitilira 1,000 amaphunzira, chifukwa zomwe zidadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuwonjezeka pachaka poyerekeza ndi 15-20%. Zinadziwika kuti chifukwa chiyani kusaka, kuba komanso kusankha masoka achilengedwe sizinachititse kuti chiwerengero chichepe. Mosakayikira, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa zimbalangondo kumakhala ku Kamchatka, kulibe kuchuluka kwina kulikonse.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku, chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri chidawonekera ku Kamchatka, kukula kwake chimaposa chimbalangondo.
Kamchatka bulauni ndi mtundu watsopano wa gulu la chimbalangondo chaku Asia, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakulitsa kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Zimbalangondo zazikuluzikuluzi zimatikumbutsanso zimbalangondo zakale, ndizazikulu komanso zoopsa.
Zinyama zazikuluzikuluzi zimakhala m'malo a m'mphepete mwa chilumbachi, momwe muli masamba ambiri, nsomba zamchere zambiri zimakhala ndipo zipatso zambiri zimamera. Chifukwa cha kuwombera pang'ono komanso chakudya chochuluka, nyama zazikuluzikuluzi zidatha kupulumuka, zimakhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri, zimaswana mwachangu. Kwa zaka zopitilira 50, osaka sanadziwe za kukhalapo kwa zimbalangondo zazikulu za Kamchatka, koma lero ali osaka.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kamchatka chimbalangondo komanso chitukuko
Ngakhale zizikhala zoseketsa bwanji, koma ambiri pazovuta zonse amafunsa, "Kodi muli ndi zimbalangondo zikuyenda mumsewu?" ! ".
Tivomerezane - pamakhala zochitika pamene chimbalangondo chifukwa chimodzi kapena china chimayendayenda m'malire amzindawo, koma milandu ngati imeneyi ndiyosowa kwambiri. Koma kulibe mizinda yambiri ku Kamchatka, mwanjira ina, itatu: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yelizovo ndi Vilyuchinsk. Malo omwe atsalawo ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwake, motero, samawopsa chimbalangondo, omwe adachita chidwi ndi china chake.
Ndipo kodi nyama yakutchire ingatani chidwi ndi malo ake? Yankho lake ndi losavuta - chakudya!
Zindikirani kuti anthu si chakudya chimbalangondo! Dziwani kuti munthu si chakudya chake, ndipo nyama zakutchire, kuphatikiza zimbalangondo, zimakopeka ndi malo omwe munthu amataya zinyalala, izi ndizothandiza kwa iwo, zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimanunkhira zosangalatsa.
Zimbalangondo komanso alendo
Ubwenzi wapakati pa zimbalangondo ndi alendo ndiwovuta komanso osiyanasiyana. Zowonadi ndizakuti zolinga za alendo a Kamchatka zitha kukhala zosiyana (nthawi yomweyo timasankha osaka ndi olemba ndakatulo pamndandandawu): wina amabwera kudzacheza malo osangalatsa, kukwera phirilo, ndipo kwa iwo chimbalangondo chomwe angakonde kuwona , koma atali kutali ndikuwombera kwa cannon =), wina amawuluka apa kuti awone chimbalangondocho momwe ndingathere: ojambula, ojambula zithunzi komanso okonda nyama zakuthengo. Mtundu uliwonse womwe mungagwere, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi munthu yemwe akudziwa ku Kamchatka kuthengo, wina amene wachita kale zimbalangondo, amadziwa zomwe amachita ndipo amamvetsetsa momwe angakhalire kuti asakumane ndi chimbalangondo mwambiri, kapena kukumana, koma otetezeka. Chifukwa chake - musanyalanyaze malangizo owongolera akatswiri.
Chifukwa chake - musanyalanyaze malangizo owongolera akatswiri. Wotsogolera angakuuzeni zoyenera kuchita ndi kusachita kuti mupewe kukumana ndi chimbalangondo, kuopetsa chimbalangondo, ndikufotokozerani momwe msonkhano udachitikira.
Ngati mudakumana
Maupangiri ochepa onena zoyenera kuchita ndi kusachita ngati mukufunabe kuti mudziwe zimbalangondo za Kamchatka:
- Ngati mudawonabe chimbalangondo, osayesa kumukakamiza ndi chakudya, kumudyetsa, ndi zina zotero - izi zipangitsa kuti chimbalangondo chimvetsetse kuti muli ndi chakudya, adzakutsatirani ndipo akhoza kukuvulazani kwambiri inu kapena omwe adzatsata njira yomweyo .
- Yesetsani kuti musachite mantha!
- Bwerani nonse! Kutali, kampani yanu imawoneka ngati yochititsa chidwi komanso yoopsa, ndipo mudzadziwa kuti palibe aliyense wa gulu lomwe watayika ndikungoyendayenda kwinakwake kutchire, osakayikira mnzanu watsopano. Kuti mukhale ndi chidwi chochulukirapo, mutha kukweza chikwama cham'mbuyo, chopondera kapena china chowonjezera pamutu panu.
- Dziwani mtunda wa chimbalangondo, zina zambiri zimadalira izi:
- Ngati ili kutali ndi inu, mita kuyambira 100 ndi kupitilirapo, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyimanso ndikulemba chizindikiro kukhalapo kwanu, koma osagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, ndikungoyang'ana zomwe chimbalangondo chizichita. Nthawi zambiri iye, pokuzindikira, amayesa kuchoka, umangoyenera kuwona komwe akupita osakapitako.
- Ngati chimbalangondo chili pa mtunda wa pafupifupi 50 metre kuchokera kwa inu ndi / kapena chikuyandikira, ndiye kuti simuyenera kungopanga phokoso, koma gwiritsani ntchito zida zilizonse zapadera, zomwe zingakambidwe padera. Ngati chimbalangondocho chikuyandikira kumbali yanu, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana mozungulira ndikuganiza, mwina mukuyimirira m'njira yake ndipo ndikofunika kuyimitsa pambali ndikulola wokhala komweko.
- Ngati mulibe komwe mukupita, chimbalangondo chimapitabe kwa inu, muyenera kuyesa "kung'ambika" mtunda pakati panu mothandizidwa ndi, mwachitsanzo, chikwama cham'mbuyo, komanso pang'onopang'ono, osatembenuza nsana wanu ndi chimbalangondo kuti chisawonekere (koma osayang'ana m'maso , minyama yazinyama izi ndi chizindikiro chankhanza), bwerera m'mbuyo. Nyamayo imakondwera ndi zinthu zanu ndikusokonekera kuchokera kwa inu, potero kupereka mwayi woti uchoke. Ndikofunikanso kukonzekera zida zapadera zotetezedwa kwakanthawi kochepa.
Zimbalangondo ndi ana
Ndikufuna kunena za ana ndi amayi awo - mawonekedwe ang'ono komanso achidwi amatha kupatsa chidwi ngakhale pakati pa alendo ovuta kwambiri, ndipo amayi awo ali okonzeka kukhala phiri la ana awo! Chifukwa:
- Tachulukitsa zonse pamwambazi kawiri!
- Palibe njira, ngakhale titakonda zochuluka motani, sitidyetsa, sititsina, osathamangira kujambula ana!
Amayi okhala ndi ana.
Kuteteza Chikumbutso
Payokha, ndikufuna kulankhula za zida (tikutanthauza zida zankhondo) ndi njira zogwirira ntchito zotetezera ku zimbalangondo, chifukwa mutuwu umabweretsanso mafunso komanso mafunso ambiri.
Wotsogolera wodziwa zambiri amakhala ndi zida zazing'onoting'ono zamagetsi osiyanasiyana (mawonekedwe akweza, ma siginolo osaka, zopopera, ndi zina) zomwe zimapanga phokoso lalikulu, kuwala kowala kapena fungo losasangalatsa la chimbalangondo. Zithandizo zoterezi zitha kukhala chida chabwino popewa kukumana ndi chimbalangondo ngati akuganiza kuti akungoyendayenda kwinakwake. Ndipo, ngati msonkhano udachitika, ndiye kuti atha kuthandiza kumuthamangitsa. Kwa chimbalangondo, phokoso zonsezi ndi kuwala kwake ndizinthu zachilendo kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa mantha a nyama komanso zimakonda kudzisunga.
Kwa chimbalangondo, phokoso zonsezi ndi kuwala kwake ndizinthu zachilendo kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa mantha a nyama komanso zimakonda kudzisunga.
Zowombera za Hunter ndi siginecha
Payokha, ndikufuna kunena za zida zoponya ndi osaka! Ena amalimbikitsa kuti ayitulutsire mwachindunji chimbalangondo, akunena kuti "moto udzaotcha ndipo chimbalangondicho chikuchita mantha", koma kuwombera kumeneku kupha, m'malo mwake, kumayambitsa chiphuphu. Ndikwabwino kuwombera kutsogolo kwa nyamayo, powona kuti china chake "chamoto" chikuwuluka kulowera kwake, afulumira kuchoka.
Amwaza
Palinso ndowa zapadera zamadzimadzi, zomwe, zikakanikizidwa ndi batani, zimasunthira kumtunda wa mamita 5-7, ndikupanga mtambo wa caustic. Mankhwalawa ndi othandizadi ngati mtambowo ukuphimba nkhope ya chimbalangondo, motero zimakwiyitsa maso ndi mphuno. Popeza fungo labwino la zimbalangondo, kwa iwo ndizosasangalatsa!
Koma zida zotere, monga momwe mwawonera, zimagwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa komanso m'manja mwa munthu wophunzitsidwa, mwa ife, wowongolera. Chifukwa chake, sichoyenera kubweretsa pafupi!
Mawu ochepa onena za mfuti
Chofunika kwambiri, kupezeka kwa zida kumabweretsa chitetezo chongoganizira! Chowonadi ndi chakuti sichowona kuti mutha kuchigwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso mwaluso. Ambiri, akudziwa kuti wina mgululi ali ndi mfuti, amayamba kunyalanyaza malamulo ena otetezeka kuthengo, kudalira kwathunthu zida, potero amawonjezera mwayi wokumana ndi chimbalangondo.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti chimbalangondo sichophweka kupha ngati mwakumana mwadzidzidzi. Ngakhale mutazindikira kale, izi sizitanthauza kuti mutha kuwombera kupha. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti ngati "wopanga phokoso" komanso njira yowonetsera kuti mutha kufikira chimbalangondo kuchokera kutali mwakuwombera mkati kapena mozungulira mlengalenga, kupopera chimbalangondo ndi sapota kapena dziko lapansi.
Kutengera ndi zomwe takumana nazo, titha kunena kuti, malinga ndi malamulo oyendetsera kukhazikika kutchire, mutha kuyenda mosavutikira kupita kumalo osetedwa kwambiri ndipo zimbalangondo za Kamchatka sizingakumaneko panjira. Khalani chete
Chimbalangondo Chodabwitsa Chakumayiko Akutali
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi chilombo cha Kainyn-kutkh (Irkuyem - dzina lina) zinayamba kupita kukasindikiza mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Za chimbalangondo chachikulu, oyang'ana kumpoto koyamba, adauza anthu amtundu wa Chukotka. Malinga ndi iwo, cholengedwa chodabwitsa nthawi zambiri chimapezeka kumphepete mwa Nyanja ya Elgygytgyn. Chilombochi chimakhala chosowa, koma chowopsa.
Poona kuti Chukotka anali, ndipo akadali, dera lophunzirira komanso lophunzirira bwino, anthu ambiri anali ndi chidwi ndi nthano za sayansi yodziwika ngati chimbalangondo, ndipo posakhalitsa amapita kukasaka.
Mukuyang'ana chimbalangondo chachikulu
M'modzi mwa oyamba omwe adalankhula mwatsatanetsatane za kutsatira chimbalangondo chosamvetsetseka anali wofufuza, wolemba, wapaulendo - Oleg Kuwaev. Monga wogwira ntchito wa magazine Around the World, Oleg adakhala miyezi yambiri ku Chukotka. Kutengera ndi zomwe abusa othandizira ndi akatswiri odziwa zakuthambo, wofufuzayo ndi gulu lake adayendera malo omwe sangathe kufikako m'derali, ndipo adalankhula ndi nzika zakomwe.
Mtsogolomo, Oleg Kubaev alemba:
“Tidamva zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Za chimbalangondo chachikulu chokulirapo, chomwe nthawi zina chimapezeka kumapiri akutali a Anadyr Highlands. Chimbalangondo chija ndi chachikulu komanso ndichowopsa kotero kuti ngakhale mawonekedwe a magulu ake (abusawo adawonetsa kukula kwa mabataniwo ndi manja awo), anthu onse ndi agulu amathawa. Komabe, chimbalangondo ichi ndi chosowa kwambiri, ndipo si m'busa aliyense amene amakhala moyo wake wonse kumapiri amatha kumuwona. ”
Pakusaka kwawo, apaulendo adawona zimbalangondo zambiri zofiirira, koma zonse zinali zofala.
Atatha kukhalaev, mtolankhani wotsatsa Vokrug Sveta Vladimir Orlov adapita pa mndandanda womwe amafunidwa wa chirombo cha Far East. Amakonzekera maulendo angapo, sakayikira Chukotka kokha, komanso kumpoto kwa Yakutia. Komabe, izi sizibweretsa chilichonse.
Koma wolemba Albert Miftakhutdinov, akupanga kusewera pa Mtsinje wa Enmyvaam, amawonabe chilombo chodabwitsachi.
Izi ndi zomwe adalemba pambuyo pake:
"Ndipo pomwe tidamuwona! Chimbalangondo chakudya pakati pa malo otsetsereka. Tidawoloka mtsinjewo, kupita pamalo otsetsereka. Tidali chithunzi chofiirira chakuda chakuda komanso chokhala ndi ma taye tchipisi pamunsi ndi m'mbali mwake.Chidali ngati ng'ombe imodzi ndi theka kapena ziwiri.Chinthu chosaganizira. Ndinkadya udzu ndi zipatso. Ndidaona zimbalangondo zofiirira za Kamchatka, ndikumana ndi mphuno mpaka m'mphuno, natengapo gawo paulendo wopita kukagwira ndikumanga ma batala oyera ku Wrangel Island, koma sindinawonepo zotere ngakhale pakati pa azungu. "
Kupeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi chimbalangondo chachikulu, akatswiri adatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwake, sichinaphatikizepo Chukotka kokha, komanso gawo lakumpoto la Kamchatka. Komanso, potengera umboni wa abusa aang'ono, abusa, osaka, zinali zotheka kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe a Kainin Kutha. Thandizo lofunikira pakuwerenga kwa chimbalangondo chachikulu mkati mwa 80s linapangidwa ndi Pulofesa Nikolai Vereshchagin.
Kodi chimbalangondo chikuwoneka bwanji?
Chimbalangondo chachikulu Kainyn Kut chakunja ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi zamakono zamasiku ano. Owona ndi maso akuti chilombocho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, katatu kuposa kukula kwa chimbalangondo. Akuyerekeza kulemera kwa 800-1500 kg. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mutu waukulu, kamwa lalifupi (lachibale kumutu), komanso mbali yamphamvu yamtsogolo ya thupi. Miyendo yakutsogolo imakupindika, ndipo nthawi 1.5 1.5 kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Mtundu - imvi, imvi-imvi, imvi yokhala ndi zotuwa zoyera pakhosi, pachifuwa, mphete.
Ndime ndi ma Hypotheses
Zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zitha kulingaliridwa ngati lingaliro la Pulofesa Vereshchagin. Ataphunzira malongosoledwe ake, adanenanso kuti Irkuyem ndiye chimbalangondo chaching'ono Arctodos simus, amene adalipobe mpaka pano. Mapeto ake adathandizidwa ndi kufananizira kwa chimphona chachikulu cha Chukotka komanso chimbalangondo cha zinthu zakale za Arktodos simus.
Mwa mitundu ina yomwe ikuperekedwa patsogolo ndi akatswiri ena, titha kuzindikira kuti:
- chimbalangondo chakale chosinthidwa,
- chimbalangondo chofiirira chofiirira, kapena polar ndi kodiak,
- chimbalangondo chofiirira cha ku Siberiya.
Palinso mtundu wamtundu wina womwe sunadziweko womwe ndi wachibale wa bulawuni kapena grizzly.
Akuluakulu Irkuyem ku Russia yamakono
Gulu la asayansi limatengera nyamayi kuti ma crestids. Kukhalapo kwake kumaloledwa, koma osatsimikiziridwa. Chilombocho chinayambitsa chidwi chachikulu mu 70s komanso koyambirira kwa 80s zaka zapitazi. Komano, kusaka kochita kukayimitsidwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti palibe chidziwitso chatsopano chokhudza Kainin Kut. Pa zaka 30 zapitazi, palibe amene adamuwonapo. Izi zimabweretsa malingaliro omvetsa chisoni, mwina Irkuyem adamwalira kale.
Titha kuganiza kuti mkati mwa zaka zapitazi, komanso ngakhale zaka 70 zapitazo, chimbalangondo chodabwitsa ndidakhala ku Far East ku Russia, koma chiwerengero chake chinali chochepa kwambiri. Kuti adyetse, nyama chotere imafunikira gawo lalikulu. Ndipo apa ndizosatheka kuti musazindikire kuti mitsinje ya Enmyvaam ndi Anadyr ili ndi nsomba zambiri, zipatso, mkungudza. Anali malo awa mu 60-70s pomwe Koryaks adawonetsera apaulendo omwe akupita kukafufuza chilombo chodabwitsa.