Ku Argentina, dzina loti "pirate" la wolusa yemwe amaba ndi kudya ng'ombe, "wankhosa wamphongo," walimbitsa zorro. M'malo mwake, ziweto sizingachitike ngati zorro zosowa. Zakudya zawo zazikulu: makoswe, kalulu ngati nyama zina zazing'ono, mbalame, tizilombo ndi zipatso.
M'mayiko omwe Zorro ndi yochuluka, kusaka ndikuloledwa. Kwenikweni, usodziwo umapangidwa kuti apange zikopa zolimba komanso zofewa.
Phylogeny ndi kapangidwe ka gululi
Ngakhale dzina laling'ono lamtunduwu komanso ambiri oimilira, malingana ndi malingaliro amakono pankhani ya phylogeny ya banja la canine, mtundu wa Zorro ndi mtundu wa Lisits (Vulpes) Ochokera m'mafuko osiyanasiyana am'banja.
Mpaka posachedwa, panalibe mgwirizano wokhudza mtunduwo: ofufuza ena amaphatikiza ndi Falkland nkhandwe († Dusicyon australis) wotchedwa Dusike, ena amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri Pseudalopex ndi Lycalopex.
Mndandanda wazinyama
- Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus)
- Darwin FoxMalipidwe a Lycalopex)
- Gray Fox waku South America (Lycalopex griseus)
- Pampassa Fox (Masewera olimbitsa thupi a Lycalopex)
- Chitetezo cha Fohuran (Sekunde secatee)
- MakosweMasewera a Lycalopex)
Onani zomwe "Zorro (canis)" ali mu mtanthauzira wina:
Zorro Wosakhalitsa -? Short-Eared Zorro Science science Classization Kingdom: Nyama ... Wikipedia
Zorro Wosakhalitsa -? Short-Eared Zorro Science Scientization Classization Kingdom: Zinyama Zamtundu: Makina ... Wikipedia
Mimbulu -? Canids Red Wolf (Cuon alpinus) Sayansi Yopatula: Gulu Lanyama ... Wikipedia
Nkhandwe yotuwa ku Argentina -? Gulu la asayansi la Argentina la fox Sayansi ... Wikipedia
Nkhandwe ya Sechuran -? Sechuran Fox Scientific Classization Kingdom: Nyama ... Wikipedia
Makoswe nkhandwe -? Gulu la Gray Fox Sayansi Ufumu: Mtundu wa Zinyama: Kalasi ya Chordata: Gulu Lankhondo la Mamembala ... Wikipedia
Culpeo -? Culpeo Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) Kugawa Kwa Kingdom ... Wikipedia
Andean nkhandwe -? Culpeo Culpeo (Lycalopex kilepaeus) Gulu la Sayansi Yakujambulitsa: Mtundu wa Zinyama ... Wikipedia
Falkland nkhandwe -? Kingdom Falkland Fox Sayansi Yophatikiza Asayansi: Mtundu wa Zinyama: Makina ... Wikipedia
Ankhandwe aku Falkland -? Kingdom Falkland Fox Sayansi Yophatikiza Asayansi: Mtundu wa Zinyama: Makina ... Wikipedia
Mawonekedwe
Banja limagwirizanitsa nyama zomwe zimakonda kudya, monga lamulo, lalikulu komanso lalifupi. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 18-22 cm (Fenech) ndi 50 cm (nkhandwe zazing'ono) mpaka 160 cm (nkhandwe). Thupi limakhala lalitali. Mutu ndiwotukuluka, makutu ali chilili. Pali zala 5 kumiyendo yakutsogolo, 4 kumiyendo yakumanzere, galu wowoneka ngati fisi yekha ali ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo, ndipo nthawi zina zala zisanu kumiyendo yamiyendo ya agalu am'nyumba. Zovala ndizomveka, zosabweza. Ubweya wake ndi wakuda, nthawi zambiri umakhala wofinya. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wowonjezera kapena wocheperako. Mtundu wa chovalacho ndi wosiyanasiyana: wowoneka bwino, wopindika, wowoneka, nthawi zina wowala kwambiri.
Kufotokozera Zorro Azar
Nkhandweyi ndi yayikulu pakati komanso nthawi zambiri nkhandwe. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 62, ndipo kulemera kwake kumachokera ku 4.2 mpaka 6.5 kilos. Amuna ndi okulirapo 10% kuposa akazi.
Paraguayan fox (Pseudalopex gymnocercus).
Mchira wake ndi wokulirapo, m'munsi ndi kumapeto kuli kwakuda. Zorro, okhala kumpoto kwa mtunduwo, ali ndi mawonekedwe owala kuposa anzawo akumwera.
Chovala cha Zorro Azar ndi cha imvi, gawo lotsika la thupi ndilopepuka. Mutu, kumbuyo kwa miyendo ndi makutu amaponyedwa penti yofiyira.
M'mphepete mwa muzzle amalembedwa zakuda. Malinga ndi awa, Zorro Azara amasiyana ndi wachibale wake wa kulpeo.
Pali mawanga awiri akuda mchira: malo amodzi ali kumunsi, ndipo malo achiwiri ali kumapeto kwa mchira.
Chisinthiko
Carnivores (Carnivora) adachokera ku Miacoidea (Miacoidea) zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo ku Late Paleocene. Pafupifupi zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo, olusa adagawidwa magawo awiri: canine (Caniformia) ndi mphaka (Feliformia). Kwa zaka 40 miliyoni, nthumwi yozindikiridwa moyenera ya ma canines adakhalapo kale - progesperionProhesperocyon wilsoni) wopezeka kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Texas. Fossil yake ilinso ndi kuphatikiza komwe kumatsimikizira kuti ndi a canines: mano okhala ndi kolala yapamwamba yachitatu (chizoloŵezi chambiri chodulira) komanso kufutukula kwamphamvu kwa fupa. Pamaziko a zomwe zimadziwika za mbadwa zake, progesperiation ayenera kuti anali ndi miyendo yayitali kuposa am'mbuyomu, zokhala ndi zala zofanana, zokhala ndi zala zofananira, mosiyana ndi chimbalangondo chomwe chili ponseponse.
Banja la canine posakhalitsa linagawikana m'mabanja atatu omwazika ku Eocene: a Hesperocyoninae (Hesperocyoninae), omwe adakhalako zaka 39.74-15 miliyoni zapitazo, a Borofaginae (Borofaginae) - zaka 34 miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo, komanso Wolf (Caninae) - 34-0 miliyoni miliyoni bwererani ku ngalande zapano (mimbulu, nkhandwe, coyote, ankhandwe ndi agalu am'nyumba). Magulu onsewa adawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa thupi kwakanthawi komanso, nthawi zina, zakudya zapadera za hyperhid, zomwe zidawapangitsa kuti azichedwa. Mzere wa mmbulu wokha ndi womwe ulipobe mpaka pano.
Ku Oligocene, mabanja onse atatu ovomerezeka omwe amapezeka mu North America. Nthambi yakale kwambiri komanso yakale kwambiri ndiyosazengereza, kuphatikiza mesocion, nyama yofanana ndi coyote (zaka 38 miliyoni miliyoni zapitazo). Zingwe zoyambirirazi zidasinthika, mwina ndi cholinga chofuna kuthamangitsa nyama zodwala, momwe zimawonekera zimafanana ndi civet zamakono. Hesperionic atha ku Middle Miocene. Mmodzi mwa oyimira oyambirira a Hesperionic, genus HesperionicHesperocyon), adapereka kuyamwaArchaeocyon) ndi leptotsionu (Leptocyon) Nthambi izi zidatsogolera ma borofagin komanso kusintha kwazinthu zamagetsi.
Pafupifupi zaka 10-9 miliyoni zapitazo, ku Late Miocene, kusintha kwazizilombo kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa North America kunatsogolera kufalikira kwa mimbulu (Canis), nkhandwe zaimvi (Urocyonndi nkhandwe (Vulpes) Kupambana kwa mabatani awa kumalumikizidwa ndi kukulitsa mano otsika, omwe amatha kudula komanso kutafuna. Pafupifupi zaka 8 miliyoni zapitazo, Beringia adatsegula ngalande ku Eurasia.
Nthawi ya Pliocene, zaka 4-5 miliyoni zapitazo, akuwoneka ku North America Canis lepophagus, chinyama chaching'ono coyote chokhala ndi mikhalidwe yaimphaka ndi nkhandwe. Kungoganiza kuti kuchokera Canis lepophagus panali coyote. Kapangidwe ka Isthmus of Panama zaka pafupifupi 3 miliyoni zapitazo kalumikizana ndi North America ndi South, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zingatheke kuti zigwere dziko lina ndikupanganso mitundu ina.
Pafupifupi zaka 1.8-1,5 miliyoni zapitazo, a Edward Wolf (Canis edwardii), mosakayikira a mimbulu. Mwala wofiyira uwoneka (Canis rufus- - mwina wobadwa mwachindunji Canis edwardii. Pafupifupi zaka 800,000 zapitazo, nkhandwe ya Ambroster (Canis armbrusteri) - wolusa wamkulu wopezeka kumpoto konse ndi Central America, pambuyo pake adadzaza ndi mbadwa yake, nkhandwe yoyipa (Canis dirus), yomwe idafalikira ku South America kumapeto kwa Pleistocene.
Zaka 300,000 zapitazo, nkhandwe yaimvi (Canis lupus), kufalikira ku Europe ndi North Asia ndikuwoloka Beringia kupita ku North America. Pafupifupi zaka 100,000 zapitazo, nkhandwe yoyipa kwambiri, yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri m'mbiri yonse, idagawidwa ku America konse mpaka kumwera kwa Canada - kuchokera pagombe mpaka pagombe. Mmbulu wogwirira utalanda malo, wowopsa mwina sakanatha kupirira mpikisano wawo wolimbirana nyama yocheperako ndipo adatha zaka 8000 zapitazo. Homo sapiens, yemwe anali wakhama kwambiri kudera la America munthawiyi, ayenera kuti anamaliza kupha nkhandwe yoipayi.
Zorro Azara moyo
Ankhandwewa amatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana: amakhala m'nkhalango mpaka m'zipululu. Zorro Azara zidapezeka kumapiri, m'zipululu, m'malo opezeka mapiri, kumapiri ndi kumapululu. Amakonda minda ndi zigwa zomwe zili ndi mitengo yambiri.
Ankhandwewa amakhala ku South America kudera lopanda phindu, lotchedwa papas.
Nyama izi zimakhala m'magulu awiriawiri, koma asayansi sanadziwebe ngati izi zingapitirirebe mpaka nyengo yotsatira, popeza zimatha nyengo yozizira yokha. Nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wokonzekera usiku, komanso amapezeka masana m'malo omwe kulibe anthu.
Asayansi amadziwa mitundu iwiri yosangalatsa yazikhalidwe ku Zorro Azar. Nyama izi zimakonda kutola zinyalala zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumoyo wamunthu, mwachitsanzo, zidutswa za khungu kapena minofu. Zorro adayika izi mu khola. Mamuna akafika ku zorro, nyamayo siibisala, koma kuyeseza kuti wafa, akadagona pansi ndi maso ake otsekeka. Zorro siziopa anthu.
Zorro Azara amadya nyama makamaka, amapanga pafupifupi 75% ya zakudya. Zorro zimasaka akalulu, makoswe ndi mbalame. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chachikulu, amadya achule ndi abuluzi. Amathanso kudya zipatso ndi nzimbe.
Zorro Azara imatha kulimbana ndi ana a nkhosa ndi nkhuku.
Adani achilengedwe a achichepere ndi chiwombankhanga kapena zazikulu za carnivores. Koma mdani wamkulu ndi munthu yemwe amasaka nkhandwe izi. Zaka za moyo wa Zorro Azar mu ukapolo zimafika zaka 13.6.
Kubwezeretsa kwa Zorro Azar
Nthawi yoweta ku Zorro Azar imayamba kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala. Pa nthawi yonse ya kubereka, nyama zimapanga gulu lolimba. Awiri onsewa amathandizira polera ana.
Mimba imatenga masiku 55-60. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, wamkazi amabereka ana m'phanga, yomwe ili pakati pa miyala, m'dzenje kapena pansi pa mizu ya mtengo. Mu zinyalala, monga lamulo, ana agalu 3-5.
Ali mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo wa Zorro Azar ndi zaka zoposa 15.
Anthu obadwa kumene amakhala pafupifupi amtundu wakuda, koma akamakula mtundu wawo umayamba kuwwala. Yaikazi imakhalabe mu dzenje ndi ana, ndipo yamphongo idamudyetsa. Amabweletsanso chakudya kwa ankhandawo, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, amawateteza molimba mtima. Pazaka zitatu zokha, ana agalu amatuluka m'dzenje ndikuyamba kusaka ndi makolo awo.
Ubwino ndi zopweteketsa za Zorro Azar kwa anthu
M'malo momwe nkhandwezi zimakhala, ndizomwe zimafunidwa ndi osaka a komweko. Ubweya wa Zorro Azara umayamikiridwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamazo zimachotsedwa ndi alimi, chifukwa zimawawona ngati tizirombo, popeza zimawombera anaankhosa ndi nkhuku.
Koma kuchuluka kwa zorro Azar m'malo ena kusiyanasiyana, izi zidasokoneza ulimi chifukwa kuchuluka kwa makoswe ndi tizirombo tina kumachulukirachulukira. Kuchokera pamenepa titha kunena kuti nkhandwe zimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuwongolera tizirombo ndipo ndi nyama zofunika kwa anthu.
Anthu ayenera kuteteza ndikusunga nyama zaphindu izi.
Chiwerengero cha Zorro Azar
Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe ikukhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha zorro, chifukwa anthu akupanga zolima mwachangu. Malo okhala mitundu yambiri asintha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Pampi, komwe kuli ambiri azorro Azar, adakhudzidwa ndi ziweto. Mwa ma kilomita 500 miliyoni a Zorro, ndi 0% okha omwe sanakhudzidwe.
Koma chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayikulu, nyamazo zidapulumuka kutayika kwake. Zorro imapiriranso kuthamanga kwa asaka.
Ku Paraguay ndi Uruguay, nyama izi zili kutetezedwa ndi boma, koma kusaka osalamulirika kukupitilizabe m'maiko awa. Ku Brazil, Zorro Azara atetezedwa kwambiri.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Onse otchulidwa - 13
Pambuyo pake, Alejandro de la Vega.
Wolowa m'malo wa Diego de la Vega, Zorro No. 2. Ali mwana, Zorro anachenjeza za wobisalira. Pothokoza chifukwa cha izi, wopembedzera uja adamupatsa medallion, yomwe pambuyo pake idamuzindikira mnyamatayo
Wodziwika bwino kwambiri ndipo akuchita ntchito yopanga vinyo ku California. Helen adamudalira kuti adziwe zojambula zake zachinsinsi
Wantchito ndi bwenzi lokhulupirika la Don Diego de la Vega. Kuwonekera mu 1957 Disney TV mndandanda Zorro.
Don diego de la vega
"Zorro No. 1", wolemekezeka. Anamuphunzitsa Alejandro luso lopanga mipanda ndi njila zina, kukhala mphunzitsi wake ndi womuphunzitsa
Wothandizira, mnzake wa Harrigan. Analimbikitsa Elena kuti azigwira nawo ntchito
Bwanamkubwa waku California, adabera Elena ndikumulera ngati mwana wake wamkazi
Tanthauzo la mawu akuti nkhandwe m'matanthauzidwe
Mtanthauzidwe watsopano komanso kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa chilankhulo cha Russia, T. F. Efremova. Tanthauzo la mawu mu mtanthauzira Watsopano kufotokozera ndi kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa chilankhulo cha Russia, T. F. Efremova.
g. Chinyama champhongo cha banja la canine chobiriwira ubweya ndi mchira wautali wofunda. Wamkazi wa nyama yotere. Ubweya wa nyama yotereyi. wopanda Zogulitsa Fur, zikopa za nyama yotere. m ndi f Munthu wochenjera, wosyasyalika.
Mtanthauzira wamnzeru waku Russian. D.N. Ushakov Tanthauzo la mawu mu dikishonale Yofotokozera ya chilankhulo cha Russia. D.N. Ushakov
nkhandwe Nyama yolusa yochokera ku banja la canine, chimodzimodzi ngati nkhandwe. Nkhandwe yofiirira kapena yofiirira. Nkhandwe yakuda. Fox fur (lotseguka.). Gulani nkhandwe pa kolala.
Wikipedia Tanthauzo la mawu mu mtanthauzira wa Wikipedia
Nkhandwe ndi surname. Fox, Valentina Evgenievna (wobadwa 1973) - Woyimba piyano waku America waku Ukraine. Fox, Elisei Grigorievich - boma la Russia, Posadsky. Fox, Ivan Pavlovich - boma, wankhondo komanso wazamalamulo.
Zitsanzo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mawu fox m'mabuku.
Ngati Mtsogoleri wa Anjou, angathenso kujambula bwino nkhandwe, akadatha kukhala pang'ono mkango!
Ndasiya agogo anga, koma inu nokha mukudziwa izi, ndi kuchokera nkhandwe adachoka, ndipo adasiya kambuku, ndi njovu, ndi galu wogonera, ndi octopus wokhala ndi zida zisanu ndi zitatu, ndi Hydra wa Lerne, ndi njoka Apophus, ndi Hippopotamus ndi Leviathan!
A Polovtsians amabwera ku Russia pafupipafupi, ndipo Svyatopolk ndi Monomakh atazinga Starodub, Khan Bonyak adayamba nkhandwe mnyumba, pansi pa Kiev yomwe ndikuwotcha nyumba yachifumu yabwino kwambiri ku Berestovoy.
Niccolo, akuseka, adatsimikiza kuti sizingatheke kulingalira bwino kwambiri mphatso yomwe mbuye wazinyengo zonse amazipanga - nkhandwe Borgia kuchokera ku nkhandwe ya Gonzag kuposa masks zana limodzi.
Pokolola nsomba, chilengedwe chinasamalira kutumiza maulonda a mtundu wa zimbalangondo, nkhumba zakutchire, nkhandwe, zimbudzi, agalu a fodya, makoswe akhwangwala, ma jay, etc.
Dongosolo la mano
Pokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cachilengedwe chazakudya, mano a canine omwe amadziwika kuti ndi odulidwa amtundu: mano ndi ma fang ali opangidwa kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi mano a 42, mimbulu yofiyira imasowa ma molars otsiriza omaliza, ndipo chiwerengero chonse cha mano ndi 40, ndipo galu wamtchire alibe zozungulira zapamwamba, motero amakhala ndi mano 38 okha. Ndipo nkhandwe yayikulu m'mazaya onse awiri imakhala ndi ma molara a 4, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chimafikira 48. Kwakukulu, mawonekedwe amano ali ndi mawonekedwe awa:
i 3 3, c 1 1, p 4 4, m 2 (1 - 2 - 4) 3 (2 - 4) = 42 (38, 40, 48) < showstyle i <3 over 3>, c <1 kupitirira 1>, p <4 kupitilira 4>, m <2 (1-2-4) kupitirira 3 (2-4)> = 42 (38,40,48)>.
Kugawa ndi moyo
Oimira Canine ndiofala m'ma kontrakitala kupatula ku Antarctica, Australia (dingo amadziwika kuti ndi fomu yoyambitsa) ndi zilumba zina zam'nyanja. Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, amakhala ndi kubereka ana m'makola kapena m'mapanga. Amakhala moyo wapabanja, banja kapena gulu, zikhalidwe zam'mbuyomu zomwe zimayesetsa kulondola nyama zazikulu zosakonda. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yopanda phokoso, koma imakonda kudya zovunda, tizilombo, komanso zakudya zamasamba. Amagwira ntchito chaka chonse, kupatula galu wa raccoon. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zowerengeka, zimaberekera kamodzi pachaka, kubweretsa ana atatu mpaka anayi, nthawi zina 13-16 iliyonse.
Zorro yemwe ndi nkhandwe
Mwina palibe munthu wotere amene sanamve za Zorro wakale komanso wodabwitsa , Sindikadawonapo kanema kamodzi kakang'ono kokhudza chobisalira chodziwika bwino komanso chopanda mantha chovala chovala chakuda, mbuye wazitsulo, woteteza wolemekezeka komanso wolakwa, wovuta komanso wopambana ngwazi.
Mawonekedwe a ngwazi zabwino kwambiri nthawi zonse amakhala Zorro. Ali nthawi yomweyo wanzeru, wolimba mtima, wanzeru, wokongola komanso wachikondi. Mibadwo inayi idakula ndi chikondi kwa iye.
Chipewa chachikulu, lupanga lakuthwa, kavalo wakuda mwachangu, mwayi wodabwitsa, chinsinsi ndi kukongola zinapangitsa Zorro kukhala fano la mamiliyoni.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ngwazi yodziwika bwino idatulukira pamaso pa anthu mu buku la "The Curse of Capistrano," lofalitsidwa mu 1919. Wolemba Nkhani Zaupandu ndi Nkhani Zopeka Johnston McCullie adapereka zolemba zingapo kwa ngwazi, momwe adafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za tsogolo la womenyera nkhondo waku Spain chilungamo.
Ofalitsa magazini asanu a All-Story Weekly adavotera wobwezera. Owerenga adakonda mwamunayo, ndipo amayembekeza magazini iliyonse yatsopano popanda kusirira.
. Mukuwala kwa tsiku, amatchedwa Don Diego, koma usiku wam'mawa utangogwa, Zorro amasintha kukhala wolimbana ndi zoyipa ndipo, malinga ndi chipululu chake, kubwezera nyumba zonse zozungulira, mosasamala magawo ndi maudindo.
Don Diego de la Vega - wokongola, wokongola, koma wosakhwimitsa komanso wosasamala, wobadwira m'banja la wachuma waku Spain Alejandro de la Vega, akubwerera ku Spain kupita kwawo komwe ku California, komwe abambo ake anali a ku Los Angeles. Komabe, masikuwo apita kale: tsopano m'dera lino alkald Luis Quintero ndiye akuwongolera, mothandizidwa ndi asitikali a Captain Esteban Pasquale. Akunyamula misonkho mopanda manyazi, akulowetsa anthu osauka omwe kale anali pa umphawi weniweni, ndipo poyesa kukana amalangidwa kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi kufika kwa Diego, wachifwamba dzina lake Zorro amawonekera pafupi. Palibe aliyense koma mtumiki wokhulupirika amadziwa kuti Diego de la Vega usiku amasintha kukhala munthu wolimba mtima wowopsa. Zovala za wachifwamba zili ndi zovala zosawoneka bwino. Nkhope ya ngwaziyo imabisidwa ndi chipewa komanso chigoba chakumaso, mapewa ake atakutidwa ndi chovala. Chida chomwe a Zorro amakonda kugwiririra, pomwe ngwazi imasiya chizindikiro pamalo omwe amapezerera. Kalata "Z", yolembedwa pakhoma, mtengo kapena nkhope ya mdani, imayambitsa mkwiyo ndikukwiyitsa apolisi am'deralo. Lupanga la Zorro sili chida chokha cha ngwazi. Munthu wolimba mtima amayendetsa bwino chikwapu. M'matsenga owopsa, bambo amakhala ndi kavalo wokhulupirika wokhala ndi dzina lachifumu la Tornado. Ngwazi tsiku lililonse imayimilira omwe akhumudwitsidwa ndi oponderezedwa. Monga caballero wolimba mtima aliyense, Zorro amatsata ulemu waulemu: wolimba mtima ndi wa azimayi, samalimbana ndi adani ovulala, amalemekeza nthumwi za chipembedzo. Munthu wolimba mtima amalemekeza akulu ake ndipo sanena mawu olumbira. Chokhacho chovomerezeka chomwe chimakhala chophimbidwa, chomwe chimakwiyitsa koma sichikhumudwitsa mdani. Pa moyo wachiphamaso, Diego de la Vega adzapeza chikondi, chotsani dziko la adani ambiri ndikukwaniritsa machitidwe ambiri oyenera.
Pambuyo pa kupambana koyamba, Maccalli, mtolankhani wamphulupulu, adasiya ntchito yake ndikudzipereka kuti apange buku lokhazikika lokhuza ngwazi yakuda. Chikutiro cha buku la "Temberero la Capistrano" chakonzedwa ndi mawu akuti: "When Romance and the Upanga Owed Old California".
Bukulo lidayambitsa kuyambira kwamndandanda wosiyanasiyana wa nthano, nkhani zazifupi, nkhani zazifupi, zolemba pa TV komanso kanema. Kodi panali munthu wina m'mbiri yeniyeni amene anali katswiri wa nthano yopeka yodziwika bwino kwambiri - Zorro?
Malingaliro amapita patsogolo kuti munthuyo amathandizanso chithunzi cha Robin Hood, yemwe, monga Zorro, amalimbana ndi kupanda chilungamo ndikuteteza ulemu wa anthu osauka.
Kwa zaka zambiri, mikangano sinathe, yemwe adakhala katswiri wotchuka. Malingaliro amapita patsogolo kuti munthuyo amathandizanso chithunzi cha Robin Hood, yemwe, monga Zorro, amalimbana ndi kupanda chilungamo ndikuteteza ulemu wa anthu osauka. Ndizotheka kuti yemwe amateteza wobwezera ndi William Lampport, mlendo waku Ireland.
William Lamport Wobadwira ku 1615 ku Ireland, banja lolemera komanso lodziwika. Adalandira maphunziro apamwamba: adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Dublin College of the Jesusits ndi University of London.
Koma pali mnyamata wokongola yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yambiri osati pophunzira Chilatini ndi filosofi, koma wogonjetsa mitima ya azimayi achichepere. Pamaziko awa, anali ndi ma duel angapo. M'modzi mwa iwo adathera pakupha mdani. Tsoka ilo kwa William, womuzidwayo anali ndi abale ake otchuka. Pofuna kupewa zovuta zazikulu, Lamport adayenera kuchoka m'mphepete mwa Misty Albion kwakanthawi.
William pa sitima "Black Prince" adapita kugombe la New World. Komabe, sitimayi idasandulika kukhala ya pirate, ndipo potero dandy wachinyamatayo wachinyamata adakhala "wopatsa mwayi." Ndiyenera kunena kuti mnyamatayo anali wokonda moyo wa pirate. Ankakonda kuyenda pama sitima amalonda, makamaka aku Spain, ndikuba mizinda yam'mbali. Atapeza ndalama zambiri, William anaganiza zosiya ntchito yopindulitsa, koma yoopsa. Adapita ku Canary, komwe adakagula zikalata zatsopano m'dzina la Spain wakubisa a Julio Lombardo kwa wamalonda wolemera - mnzake wa abambo ake.
Ku Spain, Lombardo adachita zomwe amakonda kwambiri m'moyo uno - ma ador advent. Wopereka wosagwirizana ndi Juan adapambana mitima ya azimayi ambiri okongola. Kuphatikiza apo, Lombardo adakumana ndi wokondedwa wamphamvu kwambiri wa King Philip IV Earl-Duke Olivares. Anazindikira luso la chobisa chaching'ono chobera lupanga mopanda nzeru. Kuphatikiza apo, mtsogoleri wakale uja sanali wofatsa komanso wofunitsitsa kuchita machitidwe oyipitsa kwambiri a womutsatira. Mwachitsanzo, anapha mbuye wina dzina lake Almagro Thor-mpumulo, yemwe anali wofunitsitsa kuti akhumudwitse okonda mfumu.
Imodzi mwa ntchito zotere, yemwe amamugwirira yemwe anali wolemekezeka wochokera ku banja lodziwika komanso lotchuka la ku Spain, adataya moyo wa Lombardo. Ngakhale ma Olivares ochulukirapo sakanakhoza kugwedeza nkhaniyi. Njira yokhayo yomwe adathandizira inali yotumiza "wakupha" wake ku Mexico, komwe zaka zapitazo anali Spain. Thumba la a Julio Lombardo linali ndi kalata yovomereza kuchokera ku Earl of the Duke, yomwe idathandizira kuti aku Iran akhale ndi mwayi watsopano.
Ku Mexico, Lombardo anapitilizabe ku Spain. Potsatira lamulo la wachiwiri kwa bwanamkubwa, anapha anthu omwe anali ndi vuto loti asayang'anitsidwe ndi wolamulira wa Mexico. Zachidziwikire, adagonjetsa mitima ya zokongola zaku Mexico.
Kuphatikiza apo, Lombardo adakumana ndi amwenye amderali, adaphunzira chilankhulo chawo ndipo adatha kukhulupirira ansembe a Aztec. Iwo anaphunzitsa achi Irishi zaluso zakale zakuchiritsa, zinsinsi za kupenda nyenyezi ndi chilichonse chomwe chimatchedwa kuti matsenga akuda omwe kale anali ku Europe.
Lombardo analipo pa zopereka zachinsinsi zobisika za anthu a Native American ansembe. Amawoneka wowopsa - munthu adaponyedwa paguwa lansembe la kachisi wachikunja, ansembe okhala ndi mipeni yakuthwa kuchokera ku obsidian adatsegula pachifuwa chake ndikutulutsa mtima wojenjemera, womwe adamuwotcha pamoto.
Zoti Lombardo adatha kuphunzira kuchokera kwa ansembe achi Aztec zidamuononga. The Holy Inquisition idazindikira zodabwitsa (kuchokera pomwe iye adamuwona) zolaula zaku Ireland ndikumuneneza kuti ndi wamatsenga komanso matsenga akuda.
Adatengera William ndi akuluakulu a boma ku Mexico: amamuganizira kuti apangana chiwembu chokhudza korona waku Spain. Lombardo adamangidwa ndikuponyedwa mndende, komwe adakhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Abambo oyera ndi abambo olemekezeka pamapeto pake adaganiza kuti wopangitsayo komanso wopanga maudindo a Julio Lombardo, omwe akuvutika m'misinga mu ndende ina ya Mexico City, sizinakhale zoopsa kwa iwo. Koma zinali pomwepo! Iwo anali olakwitsa kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi womwe adamangidwira m'ndende amakhala wowonjezereka, Lombardo, mothandizidwa ndi abwenzi ake achi India, adathawa mndende.
Pomwepo adayamba maulendo ake, omwe anthu amderali azikambirana kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, adauza momwe usiku munthu wokwera pa bulu wakuda adakwera m'misewu ya Mexico City ndikudziwikitsa mawu achipongwe pamakoma a nyumba, akunyoza akuluakulu abomalo komanso Khoti Lopatulikitsa. Momwemo nthano ya Zorro yovuta komanso yodziwika bwino idabadwa!
Koma Lamport akanadzipereka yekha, kuphatikiza pa nkhondoyi yabwino, sanalabadire azimayi okongola. Izi zowoneka bwino kumapeto ndikuwononga Julio Lombardo.
M'kalata yochokera kwa bishopu waku Mexico City, mfumu yaku Spain idauzidwa zambiri za kugwidwa kwa munthu wobweretsa mavuto. Kuchokera kalatayi zikutsatira kuti Lombardo adamangidwa. mu kama wa mukazi wa Viceroy waku Mexico. Julio adanyengerera mkazi wa viceroy wa mfumu yaku Spain ku New World!
Atamangidwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri, Lombardo adadwala m'ndende. Mapeto ake, mu 1659, khothi la Holy Inquisition, pomwe Viceroy idapereka mlandu ku Ireland, adamuweruza kuti ndi wopanduka komanso wankhondo kuti awotchedwe pamtengo. Kuphedwa kunayenera kuchitika pa lalikulu la Mexico City.
Ku Mexico, a William Lamport (Julio Lombardo) adakhazikitsa chipilala ngati omenyera ufulu
Ngakhale atayimirira pamphepete mwa manda, Lombardo adatha kupewa imfa yopweteka pamtengo. Pamenepo, wopereka uja atatsala pang'ono kubweretsa tchire lake ku nkhuni, atawaza ndi mafuta a maolivi, Julio adazungulira thupi lake lonse ndikudzimangirira ndi chingwe, chomwe adamangiriridwa pamtengo pakati pamoto.
William Lamport, aka Julio Lombardo adamwalira, koma abwenzi ake aku India adakhulupiriranso wokwera wokwera misala, osavomerezeka komanso wosavomerezeka, woteteza anthu osauka komanso omenyera ufulu. Nkhani zonena za iye zidachokera pakamwa kupita pakamwa, zidakulidwa ndi zodabwitsa kwambiri.
Agalu ndi bambo
Imodzi mwa mitundu ya canine - galuyo - idamugwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Umboni woyamba ndi wa zaka pafupifupi 26,000 zapitazo. M'phanga la Chauvet kumwera kwa France, zidutswa za mwana wazaka 8-10 zidapezeka, ndipo pafupi ndi izo pali zofanana ndi galu wamkulu kapena nkhandwe. Galu wakale kwambiri wakale kwambiri adapezeka m'phanga la Goyet ku Belgium; zomwe wapeza ndi zaka pafupifupi 36,000. Kupeza kwa mimbulu ya zinthu zakale m'malo omwe anthu amakhala zakale kwambiri zaka 300,000 zapitazo kumawonetsa kuti kale panthawiyo panali kulumikizana pakati pa mimbulu ndi anthu. Kutanganidwa kwa mimbulu ndi chizolowezi chawo chochita zinthu zophatikizana kunathandizira kukulitsa ubale ndi anthu. Chifukwa chake, mitundu iwiri imatha kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru za mnzake ndikukula limodzi. Kuyika maliro kwa agalu ndi eni ake kungatengedwe kuyambira zaka 11,000 zapitazo ku America ndi zaka 8,500 zapitazo ku Europe.
Anthu omwe nthawi zambiri samasaka zimbudzi, monga mimbulu, coyote kapena nkhandwe, chifukwa cha ubweya wawo kapena masewera, koma iwonso nthawi zambiri amakhala chinthu chosakira nyama. Milandu yowukiridwa ndi anthu ndi mimbulu, coyote ndi mimbulu imadziwika kwambiri.