Tsopano pali zolankhula zambiri zokhudzana ndi zovuta komanso kukwera kwa mitengo, ndizoyenera, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti sizinali zakale kwambiri monga CO2, nyali zapadera ndi mafayilo amphamvu sizidawonekere.

Ndipo panali ma aquariamu ocheperako, 50-100 okhala ndi nsomba zokhala ndi moyo komanso zosavuta, nthawi zambiri zimangoyambira pansi. Zosavuta, zotsika mtengo, zotsika mtengo.

Sindikukulimbikitsani kuti mubwerere kuzinthu zotere, koma sizingakupwetekeni kukumbukira nsomba zowoneka bwino. Komanso, ambiri aiwo adaiwalika mosayenera ndi asitikali am'madzi.

Ngati mungayang'ane m'mabuku a nthawi ya USSR pa kafukufuku wamadzimadzi, mupeza nsomba zingapo zokhala ndi nsomba zakumadzi kumeneko, zomwe sizitchulidwa ngakhale pa intaneti.

Ndipo m'buku la Exotic Aquarium Fishing lolemba William Innes (Innes Publishing Company, 1948), mitundu 26 yalembedwa!

Fananizani ndi mabuku amakono omwe akutchula zinayi zazikulu: mollies, guppies, malupanga, pecilia ndi onse. Ngati akatswiri azam'madzi asunga mitundu yambiri kwa zaka 60, nanga bwanji zonse tsopano zachepetsedwa kukhala zinayi?

Chowonadi ndi chakuti awa ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino, omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ziweto zosavuta kuchokera ku chilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi asodzi am'madzi ngati nsomba yosavuta komanso yosavuta, yoyenera oyamba kumene.

Tiyeni tiwone nsomba zina zoiwalika zamoyo. Onsewa ndi amtendere, osafunikira zoyeserera zapadera za kubereka, kusintha kwa madzi ndi digiri ya sayansi mu chemistry.

Akatswiri odziwa zam'madzi amazindikira abwenzi akale pakati pawo, ndipo oyamba adzadziwa nsomba yatsopano, yomwe ndi yakalekale yabwino.

Girardinus metallicus (Girardinus metallicus)

Metirus wa Girardinus, monga momwe dzinali limasonyezera, ndi zitsulo. Utoto umayambira ku siliva mpaka golide, kutengera kuyatsa, palinso mikwingwirima yolunjika pamthupi, koma imakhala yosaoneka.

Amuna amakhala ndi madontho akuda kumutu, kummero, ndi ma anal fa. Nthawi zina amaphatikiza, koma nsomba iliyonse imafotokozeredwa mosiyanasiyana. Monga zimachitika nthawi zambiri mu akazi a viviparous, zazikazi zazimuna za girardinus ndi zokulirapo kuposa zazimuna ndipo zimakula mpaka 7 cm, pomwe amuna ndi 3-4 cm.

Girardinus metallus ndi nsomba yokongola yomwe imadzakhala mozizwitsa mozama kuposa madzi okwanira malita 40 kapena kupitilira apo.

Osakhala odzicepetsa, amakhala mwachilengedwe m'madzi opanda brake, koma mu aquarium amaloleranso madzi abwino, osavuta.

Popeza kukula kwake, oyandikana nawo amafunika kusankhidwa mosamala. Makungwa a Cherry ndi nkhono za neretina, ma cororor ndi ma barbs ang'ono, tetras, iris ndi nsomba zina zamtendere ndi ma invertebrates ndizabwino.

Ngati mudabzala imodzi mwazipanga zokongola, ndiye kuti mfundo ndi zomwezi pano. Poyamba, payenera kukhala azimayi ambiri kuposa abambo, apo ayi amathamangitsa akazi kuti izi zithetse nkhawa.

Kenako muyenera mbewu zoyandama, monga pistii. Amapereka malo okhala akazi komanso mwachangu. Ngakhale kuti zitsulo za girardinus sizisaka mwachangu, nsomba zimatha kudya.

Ndipo pakakhala mbewu zoyandama pamtunda, ndikosavuta m'mawa kugwira nsomba zomwe zimabisala mumthunzi wawo.

Fomula (Heterandria formosa)

Sizachilendo kwa nsomba izi kuti zonse zazikazi ndi zazimuna ndizofanana. Ndiwasiliva, ndi chingwe chakuda chakuda chikuyenda pakati pa thupi. Amakhalanso ndi malo akuda pafupi ndi faudal fin.

Kuti mudziwe kugonana kwa formosis, muyenera kuyang'ana pa anal fin, yomwe amuna amapanga gonopodia. Uwu ndi mkhalidwe wofala kwa onse viviparous, mothandizidwa ndi gonopodia (ofanana ndi chubu), wamwamuna amatumiza mkaka kwa mkazi.

Maonekedwe ndi nsomba zazing'ono! Amuna sioposa 2 cm, ndipo akazi 3 cm. Ngakhale ndi amtendere kwambiri, kukula kocheperako kumakhazikitsa malire kwa anansi omwe nkotheka nawo kukhala ndi formosis.

Ngati mukufuna mtundu wa aquarium wamtundu, sankhani shrimp ndi shrimp ya nthochi, chifukwa amafunanso zofanana. Ndi ozizira, madzi olimba komanso mbewu zambiri.

Mchere wocheperako umapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yofunikira ya chiberekero; Mchere umathandizanso kumatenda a bakiteriya, koma mutha kuchita popanda iwo.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yotentha, formosa ndi mtundu wamtunda kwambiri ndipo imakonda madzi otentha pafupifupi 20C, ozizira pang'ono nthawi yozizira komanso yotentha pang'ono chilimwe.

Mufunikanso malo okhala ndi ufulu wokhala ndi mwayi wowerengera. Monga viviparous zina, formosa amakonda zakudya zosakanizika zophatikiza zakudya zamtchire ndi nyama.

Limia nigrofasciata

Ngati nsomba ziwiri zam'mbuyomu sizisangalatsidwa ndi asitikali am'madzi, ndiye kuti amachepera. Chimacho chimakhala ndi thupi lasiliva lamtambo wakuda ndi tint ya uchi, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imalungamitsa dzina la nsomba.

Kuwasunga kukhala kosavuta ngati pecilia, ali ofanana kukula ndi mawonekedwe, koma limi amakonda madzi ofunda pang'ono. Kutentha kuyambira 24 mpaka 26 kudzakhala kolondola.

Monga Pecilia, amakonda cholembera yaying'ono, koma magawo amadzi amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri, ngakhale madzi olimba komanso pang'ono ndi abwino.

Amakhala m'madziwe ochulukirachulukira, pomwe nyongolotsi zamwazi ndi zakudya zina zimangopezeka mwamwayi.

Yothandiza kwambiri, kuposa ziweto zina. Ayenera kusungidwa osachepera 6 pa aquarium, amuna awiri ndi akazi anayi pa malita 50 amadzi. Zomera zoyandama ndizophatikizanso, chifukwa zimapereka malo okhala kwa nsomba zazing'ono zamanyazi ndi zamanyazi komanso mwachangu pogona.

Limia-belued Limia (Limia melanogaster)

Ma limia wakuda nthawi zina amagulitsidwa ndikupezeka m'mabuku. Maonekedwe ndi osiyanasiyana, koma akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi masikelo abuluu pakati pa thupi.

Amuna ndi ofanana, koma ochepa komanso amakhala ndi madontho akuda pamitu yawo, zipsepse. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi malo akuda pamimba zawo omwe adawapatsa dzina.

Apanso, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake amawoneka ngati pecilia. Amuna ndi akulu mpaka 4 cm;

Kuswana ndi muyezo wamitundu yonse yamoyo. Mwa njira, limia yakuda yakuda imatha kupanga ma hybrids okhala ndi pecilli, motero ndibwino kusungitsa mtundu umodzi wa nyama zanyama pamadzi kuti usunge mtunduwo.

Free Molliesia (Poecilia salvatoris)

Nsombazi zimadziwika kuti ndi ma mollies, zangoyamba kumene kusiyanitsidwa ngati mitundu ina ndipo kumadzulo kumayamba kutchuka kwambiri.

Wamphongo ndi wamkazi ndi oyera siliva, wokhala ndi masikelo a lalanje ndi abuluu, koma achikazi amakhala akuda pang'ono. Utoto wake umakulirakulira pakupita nthawi ndipo achikulire, amuna otchuka amatenga zipsepse zazikulu, zoyenda ndi utoto wowala.

Zovuta zokhazokha ndikuti nsomba zambiri za viviparous zimakhala zamtendere kwambiri, koma salvatoris, m'malo mwake, imakonda kuthyoka zipsepse zake ndipo ndizabwino. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale zili ndi zokopa zonse, nsomba izi sizoyambira ndipo ndiyofunika kuzisunga padera.

M'magulu ang'onoang'ono amphongo, amuna amamenya nkhondo mosalekeza, ndipo ngakhale amuna awiri okha amakhalamo, wofooka amamenyedwa mpaka kufa.

Ayenera kusungidwa m'magulu pomwe wamkazi m'modzi amakhala ndi akazi awiri kapena wamwamuna m'modzi ndi wamkazi.

Monga ma mollies ena, mtunduwu umakhala wowonda kwambiri, ndipo umadya bwino ma fiber flakes. Kukula kwakukulu ndi pafupifupi 7 cm, ndipo zazikazi zimakhala zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa amuna.

Malo okhala amadzi okwanira malita 100 akwanira gulu la amuna atatu ndi akazi asanu ndi mmodzi. Samadziyo ayenera kuphimbidwa, chifukwa nsomba zimatha kudumphadumpha.

Half-red-wakuda (dermogenys spp.)

Mu Mitundu ya Dermogenys, pali nsomba zopitilira 12 zofanana, zochuluka zomwe zimagulitsidwa zimatchedwa D. pusilla, koma kwenikweni palibe amene amawasiyanitsa.

Mtundu wa thupi umasiyanasiyana kuchoka pa zoyera-zayera kukhala zobiriwira, ndipo amuna amatha kukhala ofiira, achikaso, kapena akuda pamapfupa.

Zowona, pali zosiyana zambiri zosiyana siyana, ndipo chimodzi chitha kukhala chowoneka bwino kuposa chinacho.

Amunawa amakangana wina ndi mnzake, koma pewani kumenyanirana pamalo osangalatsa kwambiri. Malo osungirako miyala okwanira malita 80 ndi okwanira amuna atatu ndi akazi asanu ndi mmodzi.

Nsomba zofunikira zimasowa zakudya zingapo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya, chomera komanso zoziziritsa kukhosi.

M'mbuyomu, theka-nsomba ankadziwika kuti si nsomba yoyenera kusungidwa m'madzi ambiri, koma izi sizowona. Inde, amatha kupikisano ndi nsomba pakudya, koma mutha kunyamula catfish, acanthophthalmus ndi nsomba zina pansi.

Mwa njira, akulumpha kwambiri, ndiye kuphimba pansi pamadzi!

Kubala ndikofanana ndi ma viviparous ena, wamkazi amabereka mwachangu masabata atatu mpaka anayi atatha kukhwima. Fryyi ndi yayikulu, 4-5 mm ndipo imatha kudya masamba oyamwa, artemia nauplii, microworms, ngakhale daphnia yaying'ono. Koma, amatha kusabereka akakula.

Othandizira zam'madzi amadzazindikira kuti poyamba zazikazi zimabereka 20, ndiye kuchuluka kwake kumachepera ndikusowa kwathunthu. Ndikwabwino kuti mibadwo ingapo yama dermogenise imakhala mu aquarium.

Ameca (Ameca ukuwala)

Ndizowoneka zovutirapo, chifukwa ma gloss onunkhira amakonda kusiya zipsepse. Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti nsomba zokha zokhala ndi zinsalu zophimba kapena zazing'ono zomwe zimagwera, zimagwiranso ntchito poyendetsa makonde!

Amek amatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zina, koma ziyenera kukhala mitundu yachangu, monga barbs kapena minga. Kuphatikiza pa kuti athyola zipsepse, anyaniwa samalekererana.

Ndizoseketsa kuti machitidwewa ali ochulukirapo mu aquarium, mwachilengedwe amakhala ololera.

Ndiye kodi ndi otani? Ndiwosavuta, ndi nsomba zokongola komanso zosangalatsa. Akazi ndi siliva okhala ndi madontho akuda, amuna amtundu womwewo wamtambo, wokhala ndi tint yachitsulo. Amuna achimvekere ndi owala kuposa ena.

Akazi amabereka pafupifupi 20 mwachangu, wamkulu, mpaka 5mm kutalika. Izi mwachangu ndizocheperako kuposa ma neon okhwima omwe amagulitsidwa m'misika yama petto!

Nsomba zachikulire zimanyalanyaza mwachangu, kotero kuti amakula ndikupanga masukulu ndi makolo awo.

Amakhala bwino m'magulu akulu, komwe kumakhala akazi awiri amuna amuna ndi amuna anayi osachepera, popewa kumenyana.

Muyenera kudyetsa mbewu monga chimanga chambiri, koma masamba atsopano ndi matope ofewa okhala ndi duckweed zimathandiza kuti osusuka awa adikire nthawi pakati pakudya.

Mwa njira, zachilengedwe, miyendo imatsala pang'ono kutha, ndiye kuti mumasunga zachilengedwe ndikuthandizira nyamazo kuti zikhale ndi moyo.

Pomaliza

Uku ndikungowerengera mwachidule za nsomba zokhala ndi moyo, zomwe sizodziwika kwambiri masiku ano. Ndizosavuta kuzindikira kuti onse ndi odzikweza, osangalatsa komanso achilendo.

Aliyense amene mungakhale, woyamba kumene yemwe akufuna kuyesa dzanja lake ndi nsomba yolimba kapena katswiri wazamadzi, nthawi zonse padzakhala nsomba yowoneka bwino.