Masai Mara Nature Reserve ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Kenya. Pamodzi ndi Serengeti National Park ku Tanzania, Masai Mara amapanga umodzi mwa zachilengedwe zazikulu kwambiri komanso zamitundu mitundu ku Africa. Kuphatikiza poteteza nyama zam'deralo, cholinga chachikulu cha nkhalangoyi ndikuteteza gawo la njira yosamutsira nyama zazikulu.
Malo ambiri osungidwa amakhala ndi zigwa za mapiri zokhala ndi udzu wochepetsedwa ndi mitsinje ya Mara ndi Talek. Malo osungidwawo agawika magawo atatu: mbali ya Mara, pakati pa malo otsetsereka a Oloololo ndi mtsinje wa Mara, gawo la Musiar pakati pa mitsinje ya Mara ndi Talek, ndi gawo la Sekenani kum'mwera chakum'mawa.
Kunja kwa malo osungirako nyama a Masai Mara, pamodzi ndi malire ake kumpoto ndi kum'mawa, kuli malo osungirako zachilengedwe. Safari m'malo osungirako anthu wamba imangopezeka kwa alendo ake. Amapereka mayendedwe apadera ndi Masai paulendo wamtchire ndi usiku, zomwe sizotheka ku National Reserve.
Jiyo
Derali ndi 1510 km 2. Ali ku East African Rift System, kuchokera ku Red Sea kupita ku South Africa. Malo otetezedwa Masai Mara ndi msipu wa udzu wokhala ndi mitengo ya mthethe kumpoto chakum'mawa. Malire akumadzulo kwa nkhokwe amapangidwa ndi amodzi mwa malo otsetsereka a chigwa chotsekera, ndipo zili pano kuti nyama zambiri zimakhala, popeza marshland amatitsimikizira kuti madzi azitha. Malire akum'mawa ndi 220 km kuchokera ku Nairobi, komwe alendo ambiri amabwera.
Fauna
Masai Mara amadziwika kwambiri ndi mikango yawo, yomwe imakhala kuno ambiri. Apa pakukhala kunyada kodziwika kwambiri kwa mikango, komwe kumatchedwa kunyada. Kuwona, malinga ndi zosasindikizidwa, kwachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za 1980s. M'zaka zoyambilira za 2000s, panajambulidwa zolembedwa za chiwerengero cha anthu onyada imodzi - 29 mikango.
Mbuzi zamchenga zimawopsezedwa kuti zidzawonongedwa mu nkhokwe, makamaka chifukwa chazowawa kuchokera kwa alendo omwe amasokoneza kusaka kwawo masana [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1032 ] .
Masai Mara ali ndi kambuku wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Nyama zina zonse za Big Five zimakhalanso m'malo osungirako. Chiweto chakuda chikutha, mu 2000, ndi anthu 37 okha omwe adalemba. A Hippos amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu mumtsinje wa Mara ndi Talek.
Nyama zikuluzikulu kuposa nyama zonse zomwe zasungidwamo ndi nyama zam'mera. Chaka chilichonse, mwezi wa Julayi, nyama izi zimasamukira kumpoto kuchokera kumadera a Serengeti kukafunafuna udzu watsopano, ndipo mwezi wa Okutobala amabwerera kumwera. Mbawala zina zimakhalanso ku Masai Mara: Tizilombo ta Thomson, agogo a Grant, impala, dambo, etc. Zebras ndi twiga. Masai Mara ndi malo ophunzirira ambiri. Malo osungidwawo alemba mitundu yoposa 450 ya mbalame.
Masai Mara National Reserve
Kuchokera pa wayilesi yowongolera mutha kumva kuwonongeka ndi mbiri yosadziwika yomwe wina wamuwona mkango kwinakwake, mphindi - ndipo jeep ikugwa kale pamtambo wa fumbi. Masai Mara National Reserve ndi tsiku linanso lotentha. Mukamayandikira kunyada kwa mikango, mukusangalala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa lowala, mumayamba kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake paki iyi yokhala ndi nyama zambiri zakutchire, zigwa zosatha ndi malo okhala udzu anasankhidwa kukhala komwe filimuyo "Kuchokera ku Africa".
Zina zambiri
Masai mara - Malo osungirako kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Kenya pafupi ndi malire a Tanzania ndipo ali 275 km kuchokera ku Nairobi. Amadziwika chifukwa cha mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtchire zosowa zomwe ndizosavuta kuyang'ana. Malo osungirako amatchedwa mtundu wa Amasai, chikhalidwe cha anthu amderali, ndi Mtsinje wa Mara, womwe udagawana nawo. Yatsegulidwa mu 1974, Masai Mara imakwirira dera la 1,510. km ya mapiri ndi nkhalango ndipo ndiye wolemera kwambiri ku Africa.
Mara ndi dzina la mtsinje waukulu wamalo awa, ndipo Masai ndi dzina la otchuka kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo anthu osamvetseka ku East Africa. Amakhulupirira kuti anthu amtali osinthika amenewa nthawi ina amakhala kumtsinje wa Nile ndipo anali pachibale cha a Nubians. Kwa kanthawi, Amasai, omwe Karen Blixen adawatcha "alendo abwino," adachoka kunyumba kwawo ndikuyenda kwakanthawi mpaka atakhazikika kumapeto a South Kenya. Malo omwe asungidwa tsopano ndi malo akale omwe anapangidwira Amasai munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Britain. Kuchuluka kwa alendo kudzalepheretsa fukoli kupitilizabe kuweta ng'ombe, pomwe sizipewa alendo konse. Mlendo aliyense kumalo osungirako ayenera kupatsidwapo maulendo opita kumidzi yama Masai ndi nyimbo ndi kuvina.
Masai Mara ndi kwawo kwa mitundu yambiri ya maluwa ndi zinyama, amadziwika kuti malo okha osungirako komwe mungathe kuwona "Big 5" m'mawa umodzi. Kuyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka Okutobala, mutha kuwona kusamukira kochititsa chidwi kwa nyama zakuthengo zoposa 1,3 miliyoni kuchokera ku Serengeti, motsatiridwa ndi mikango, nyalugwe, nyalugwe, ndi ziphuphu, pomwe mimbulu ikuwuluka m'mwamba mozungulira thambo.
Dera la Masai Mara limawuma kwathunthu nyengo yotentha. Chifukwa chake, nyama zimasamukira nthawi zonse, ndikusiya kugwa kwa Serengeti ya ku Tanzania ndikubwerera ndikutayamba kwa chilimwe chatsopano.
Makwerero a Balloon ndi njira yomwe amakonda kwambiri kuyang'ana malo okongola ndi nyama zamtchire, makamaka kutuluka kwa dzuwa. Yesani momwe zimamvekera kuzungulira nyama zambirimbiri. Simudzayiwala zokumana nazo zotere posachedwa! Kuphatikiza apo, ndiye kuti mutha kukondwerera zomwe mwawona ndi kapu ya champagne. Midzi yachikhalidwe ya Maasai, ku Manyatta, yomwe inali ndi matope odzala ndi matope, ili kumpoto kwa paki. Mutha kuyenda mozungulira mudzi, kujambula zithunzi, kukambirana ndi anthu wamba.
Kwa omwe akuyenda, njira zingapo zogonera ndizotheka - kuchokera kumiyala yamiyala kupita kumalo abwino kwambiri kapena m'misasa yazopanda magulu ochepa omwe akufuna kusangalatsidwa
Kuyambira pa Julayi mpaka Okutobala, munthu amatha kuwona kusuntha kwamtchire nyama zamtchire zikuyenda kuno kuchokera ku Serengeti.
Karen Blixen, m'ma 1920s omwe amakhala kutali kwambiri ndi malire a malo amtchire amakono, amawona katundu wa Amasai "malo amtendere ndi bata." Tsopano Masai Mara akuwoneka mosiyana: mkati mwa gawo, ili ndi malo osungirako ambiri a Kenya. Ambiri mwa alendo amabwera ndi mabungwe oyendayenda, chifukwa alipo okwanira ku Nairobi - mahotela onse amakhala ndi zotsatsa (Masiku 2-3, avg. $ 400).
Tawuni yapafupi kwambiri imatchedwa Narok (Narok, 69 km kuchokera kumalire a Masai Mara) - imatsika ngati maziko ngati simukufuna kugula alendo komanso osakhala ndi mayendedwe anu. Mutha kupita ku Narok kuchokera ku Nairobi ndi Matata kapena basi kuchokera pa mseu wa Accra Road (Accra Rd.) ndi msewu wamtsinje (Mtsinje Rd.) - malowa amatchedwa Ti Rum (Chipinda cha tiyi, kalata. "Tiyi"), Magalimoto amayamba kuyenda koyambira pafupifupi 7 am (Maola atatu panjira yopita ku Narok, pafupifupi 400 pp.) ndikuyenda mumsewu waukulu wa C12. Pali makampani angapo ku Narok omwe amayendetsa mabasi okhazikika. (kunyamuka palibe kale kuposa 13.00, 300 sh.) pakati pa mzindawo ndi zipata zapafupi ndi malo osungirako - Talek (Talek) ndi sekenani (Sekenani). Zotsirizirazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri: kuli likulu la gawo. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe kwambiri ku Kenya satetezedwa ndi KWS - akuluakulu aboma ndiomwe amachititsa, koma ndalama zolowera ndizambiri (akulu / ana $ 80/40 pa tsiku.).
Ku Masai Mara mutha kuwuluka pandege: pali ma eyala ndege 8 osungirako, omwe ali pafupi ndi chipata chachikulu ndi Kikorok airfield (Keekorok air Strip)komwe kuchokera ku Nairobi Safarilink ntchentche (pafupifupi $ 170).
Ku Masai Mara amangoyenda ndi galimoto - amakhulupilira kuti apo ayi, mudzadyedwa, kumenyedwa koma kuponderezedwa. Kuyenda kokha pagawo la mahotela ndi malo osungirako malo, omwe ali pafupifupi 30. Makilomita 50 kale kuchokera kumalire a nkhokwe, makhwalala amawonongeka kwambiri, motero njira yochokera ku Narok kupita kumisasa ndikufika pa chipata cha paki imatha kutenga kuchokera ku Nairobi kupita ku Narok. Magalimoto amalimbikitsidwa ndi magudumu onse kapena kupendekera kwapamwamba kwambiri. Mutha kubwereka galimoto ndi woyendetsa ku Nairobi kapena poyendera mabasi ku Narok (osapitirira 200 $ / d.). Ma kampu ambiri ndi mahotela amakonza maulendo ang'onoang'ono kuzungulira nkhokwe. (pafupifupi 40 $ / 1 munthu / maola 2, tsiku lathunthu $ 50-60 / munthu, kwa munthu m'modzi - pafupifupi $ 150). Kuletsedwa kuyenda sikugwira ntchito m'dera laling'ono lotetezedwa la Naboysho (Naboisho Conservancy)moyandikana ndi Masai Mara kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa. Palinso ma kampu omwe amapanga maulendo atali ndi mayendedwe a Amasai. (nyama mozungulira ndizofanana). Pali malo angapo ofanana pamalire a Masai Mara: amapangidwa ndi mgwirizano pakati pa boma ndi anthu amderalo, omwe amadziteteza ndi kuwonetsa chilengedwe. Ulendo wopita kumidzi yama Masai umasiya zinthu zowoneka bwino, ngakhale zimatsagana ndi chisudzulo chofuna ndalama.
Ndondomeko
Pali mayendedwe angapo mdera la Masai Mara Reserve. Magulu othamangitsa nyengo yonseyi ndi Mara Serena, Keekorok, Ol Kiombo ndi Kichwa Tembo. Ndege zouluka ku Wilson Airport kupita ku Nairobi komanso kuchokera kuma park ena. Ndege yochokera ku Nairobi imatenga mphindi 40-45.
Nthawi yabwino yoyendera
Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Masai Mara.
Nthawi yabwino kukaona Masai Mara imawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Novembala, pomwe Kusamuka Kwakukulu kwa nyama kudutsa kumalo osungirako. Zoposa zopitilira miliyoni ndi theka, mbidzi zazing'ono ndi agwape amabwera kuno kuchokera ku Tanzania kudzafufuza malo abwino odyetserako ziweto. Kuyendera paki panthawiyi ndi mwayi wosangalatsa kuwona njira zowolokera pamtsinje wa Mara ndi Talek. Nyama zikwizikwi zimakakamizidwa kuwoloka mitsinje, pomwe agologolo ndi ena omwe amadana nazo akuziyembekezera.
Kusungako sikumadziwika kokha chifukwa cha Kusamuka Kwakukulu. M'chaka chonsechi, nyama zambiri zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama, kuphatikiza Big African Five. Ulendo wopita kumalo osungira nyama mu Novembala-Januware ndiabwino. Mvula ndizosowa, ndipo kulibe alendo alendo ambiri monga nthawi yapamwamba.
Nyama ku Masai Mara
Pafupifupi mitundu 95 ya zinyama, amfishi, zolengedwa ndi mitundu yoposa 400 ya mbalame zalembedwa m nkhokwe. Pali mwayi wakuwona Big 5 (njovu, chipembere, mkango, njati yakuda, nyalugwe) papaki imodzi. Pali Mvuu ndi Ng'ona zambiri mu Mtsinje wa Mara. Mukumana ndi mbidzi, anyani, warthogs, swamp, Thompson ndi gazelles, mbuzi zam'madzi, Wildebeests ndi mitundu ina ya anyani.
Masai Mara amadziwika kwambiri ndi anthu omwe amadyera anzawo. Paulendo, ndikosavuta kupeza mikango. M'malo osungira ndi oyandikana nawo, pali anthu pafupifupi 400. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona nyalugwe ndi nyalugwe. Ziphuphu zowala, ankhandwe, nkhandwe zazikuru ndi zotumulira zimakhalanso pano.
Pakadali pano, m'derali muli njovu pafupifupi 1,500. Rhinos, mosiyana ndi njovu, ndi ochepa kwambiri osungirako, ndipo sizosavuta kuziwona. Amakhulupirira kuti ndindende 25 mpaka 30 zokha zomwe zimakhalamo. Kwenikweni, amabisala m'nkhalango zowirira pafupi ndi mitsinje yakutali.
Panthawi yosamukira (kuyambira Julayi mpaka Novembala), mpaka miliyoni imodzi ndi theka amabwera mosungira.
Chithunzi Masai Mara
Ndidayendetsa fanizo, ndinadya ndikupuma.
Mbalame zikudikirira, koma akuopa kuwuluka. Mkango wamphamvu uchokepo.
Cheetah. Makina apafupi akupanga kanema wa National Geographic.
Malo
Masai Mara Park imafikira kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Kenya. Dera losungiramo malo ndi 1510 kilomita. Ndiye kufalikira chakumpoto kwa Serengeti National Park ya Tanzania.
Potengera, malo otetezedwa ndi Masai Mara ali kwathunthu ku Greater African Fault, malire ake kuchokera ku Yordano (dera la Nyanja Yakufa) kupita kumwera kwa Africa (Mozambique). Dera la pakiyo limayimiridwa makamaka ndi ma savannas okhala ndi magulu achilendo acacias kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Mitundu yambiri ya zinyama imakhala kumadera akumadzulo, popeza awa ndi malo otetemera ndipo madzi amatha kulowa. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa alendo pano ndiochepera chifukwa cha mtanda wovuta. Gawo lakummawa kwenikweni la nkhalangoyi lili pamtunda wamakilomita 224 kuchokera ku Nairobi. Malowa ndi malo omwe amakonda alendo.
Mawonekedwe
Malowa adatchedwa fuko la Amasai, omwe nthumwi zake ndi anthu achilengedwe amderali, komanso polemekeza Mtsinje wa Mary, womwe umatenga madzi ake kudutsa. Malo oteteza zachilengedwe a Masai Mara ndi otchuka chifukwa cha zinyama zambiri zomwe zimakhalamo, komanso kusamukira kwanyanja kwakunyanja (Seputembara mpaka Okutobala), zomwe zili zozizwitsa. Munthawi yakusamukira, zinyama zopitilira 1.3 miliyoni zimayenda mozungulira nkhokwe.
Nthawi yotentha kwambiri pachaka m'malo amenewa ndi Disembala-Januware, ndipo kuzizira kwambiri ndi Juni-Julayi. Pamapaki, alendo amabwera alibe ulendo wausiku. Lamuloli lidapangidwa kuti pasapezeke amene akusokoneza nyama kuti zizisaka.
Masai Mara sakhala malo akulu kwambiri aku Kenya, koma amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Fauna
Kukula kwakukulu, pakiyo ndiyotchuka ndi mikango yomwe imakhalamo ambiri. Apa pakukhala kunyada (gulu la mabanja) la mikango, lotchedwa Chisamba. Kuwonerera izi kwachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Ndikudziwika kuti mu 2000s anthu olembetsedwa omwe adalembetsedwa - mikango 29 ndi mikango yamiyambo yama mibadwo yosiyana.
Mutha kukumana ku Masai Mara National Park ndiku cheetah zomwe zatha. Kukopa kwa zinthu monga kuzimitsa nyama, alendo nthawi zambiri amasokoneza kusaka nyama kosaka nyama.
Leopards amakhalanso kuno. Ndipo ku Masai Mara kuli ambiri a iwo. Zochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi madera otetezedwa ofanana mbali zina za dziko lapansi. Rhino amakhala m'malo osungira nyama. Zinyama zamtchire - nyama zochuluka kwambiri za pakiyo (anthu oposa miliyoni). Chaka chilichonse, pakati pa chilimwe, amasamukira kukafunafuna masamba atsopano kuchokera ku chigwa cha Serengeti kupita kumpoto, ndipo mu Okutobala amabwereranso kumwera. Mutha kukumana pano ndi mbidzi, mapira a mitundu iwiri (imodzi mwazo sizipezeka kwina kulikonse).
Masai Mara ndiye malo ophunzirira kwambiri za ukhondo.
Mbalame
Mbalame zambiri zimawulukira ku Masai Mara National Park. Apa mutha kuwona mbidzi, ziwombankhanga zazitape, mbalame za marabou, mbalame zamtchire zamtchire, nthiwatiwa za ku Somali, nduwira zovekedwa korona, mikango ya pygmy, etc.
Malo osungirako nyama ndi nyama makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zitatu za nyama zodyedwa.
Mavuto azachilengedwe
Kusungirako kumayendetsedwa ndi boma la dziko. M'mapaki adziko la Kenya, Masai Mara ali ndi mayunitsi ambiri omwe ntchito yawo ndikulimbana ndi kuba. Amakhala kutali ndi malo omwe alendo amabwera kudzaona malo. Madera akutali amathandizidwanso ndi Amasai.
Dera losungiramo malo ndi malo osungirako komwe imfa ndi moyo zimakhala mwangwiro zokhazikitsidwa ndi chilengedwe chomwe.