Mbalame yosauluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi Emperor penguin. Nyama ndi chizindikiro chenicheni cha Antarctica. Mbalame zapadera izi zimatha kufika ku "msipu" wawo pafupifupi makilomita 300. Iyi ndi njira yayitali kwambiri komanso yovuta; matanthwe amtambo ndi chipale chofewa kumachitika panjira. Izi ndi mbalame zamtendere, ndipo ngati pali mphepo yamphamvu, imawunjikana pamodzi kuti ichitenthe, kupanga mitundu yaulere yapadera.

Zambiri

Nyama imapatsidwa gawo lothandizira komanso banja la Pigvinov. Kutalika kwa Emperor penguin ndi - masentimita 112, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 40 kilogalamu. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika pazaka 3 mpaka 6. Zimaberekanso kamodzi pachaka ndipo m'malo mwake mumakhala dzira limodzi lokha, pomwe anapiye amatuluka nthawi kuyambira masiku 60 mpaka 100.

Penguin ndi nyama yapagulu. Makoloni amapangidwira kuchuluka kwa 500 mpaka 20,000 awiriawiri. Amadyera ma crustaceans, nsomba ndi cuttlefish. Emperor penguin amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20. Mwa njira, dzina lasayansi la mitundu, lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, limatanthawuza "wopanda zingwe."

Mawonekedwe

Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi msana wotambalala komanso chifuwa chachikulu. Penguin ili ndi mchira yaying'ono komanso miyendo. Mutu umakhala wocheperako komanso khosi limakhala lokwera. Mlomo wake ndiwowoneka modabwitsa komanso wautali.

Nyama yozizira koopsa imateteza wosanjikiza wamafuta, mpaka masentimita atatu. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyo imakhala ndi maula, ofanana ndi ubweya wonenepa kwambiri, womwe umateteza thupi ku mphepo zamphamvu komanso zozizira.

M'malo omwe Emperor penguin amakhala, kuwonjezera pa "zovala" zotentha, pakufunika utoto wapadera kuti usakhale ndi njala komanso kuti usadye. Nyama, kumbuyo kumakhala kwakuda ndipo m'mimba mwayera, koma kufupi ndi khosi kumakhala lalanje. Zimakupatsani mwayi wodzipatula nokha kwa adani. Mbalameyi imasambira kwambiri.

Moyo

Chodabwitsa, ndichowona kuti masamu akukhala m'gulu la Emperor penguin. Nyama, akazi ndi amuna anasintha maudindo onse. Mzimayiyu payekha akufuna mnzake, amasamalira wamwamuna amene amakonda. M'tsogolomo, ndiye kuti, dzira likaonekera, lamphongo limachita kulikoloweka, ndipo wamkazi amatengedwa. Kugawidwa kwa ntchito kwa zinyama ndikosowa kwambiri.

Nyama sizimapanga mphukira, koma magulu onse. Ngakhale ali ndi chikondi chotere cholumikizirana ndi mtundu wawo, nthawi yakudya, awiriwa adachoka pamudziwo ndikubwerera ndi mwana wakhanda.

Habitat

Kodi Emperor penguin amakhala kuti? Zachidziwikire, ku South Pole, ku Antarctica. Mbalame zimatha kukhala pa malo oundana, koma nthawi yakamasamba zimapita kwambiri ku Antarctica. Mpaka pano, pali magulu 38 onse. Pamtunda waukulu, mbalame zimakhala m'malo omwe kuli pobisalira zachilengedwe, komwe kumatha kukhala pathanthwe kapena ayezi.

Adani ndi Zakudya

M'malo omwe Emperor penguin amakhala, osati nyama zambiri, ndiye kuti mbalameyo ilibe mdani. M'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nangumi wakupha ndi nyalugwe wanyanja yomwe imatha kuukira nyama. Skuas imatha kuthana ndi ayezi, koma anapiye okha omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Mwa njira, pafupifupi ¾ wa ana onse amamwalira ndi skuas.

Zakudya zomwe nyama zimadya ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi nthumwi zaunyanja yakuya, ndipo awa ndi anyani, crustaceans, ndi nsomba.

Molting

About Emperor penguin, titha kunena kuti mbalameyi ndiyopadera m'njira zonse, ngakhale kusungunula kumachitika m'njira yosangalatsa. Nthenga zakale sizimagwera komaliza mpaka pomwe zatsopanozo zitakula. Panthawi yosungunula, mbalameyo imakhalabe pamtunda, popeza chivundikirocho chimakhala chofooka kwambiri ndipo malo osalowa madzi amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Njira yosinthira ma plumage imachitika kamodzi pachaka.

Kubala ndi kukhwima

Nesting imayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo imatenga miyezi 10. Ofufuza omwe awona mbalamezo agawa njirayi m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi:

1. Mapangidwe a madera ndi magulu awiriawiri. Ngati wamphongo ndi wamwamuna wamwamuna chaka chathachi, ndiye kuti akufunafuna awo.
2. Dzira litagona ndi kuwaswa. Yaikazi imanyamula dzira limodzi lokha ndikusiya kudya. Wamphongo amadzimva ludzu ndikulowetsa dzira.
3. Akazi amabwerera, kenako amadzaza dzira kapena amatenga mwana wakhansa kale. Amuna amapita kunyanja. Awiriwo amapezana ndi mawu. Mwana wankhuku akagwedezeka amayi ake asanabwere, ndiye kuti bamboyo amatha kumudyetsa. Ali ndi zofunikira zoteteza mkaka. Kufika chachikazi kudyetsa mwana wankhuku, kuyamwa chakudya.
4. Kudyetsa ndi kulera achinyamata.
5. Molting.
6. Kugwa kwa koloni ndi kunyamuka kwa nyanja.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ma penguins ama Emperor ali ndi maubwenzi olimba kwambiri am banja, amapezana ndi mawu. Zingachitike kuti m'modzi wabwenzi abwera pambuyo pake, ndipo winayo wapeza bwenzi kapena bwenzi latsopano, ndiye kuti banja lomwe lingopangika limasokonekera.

Masewera a mating amakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu. Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, izi ndizodabwitsa. Mabanja atha kukhala kwa maola angapo, kupanikizana zolimba, kapena kukhala moyang'anizana, kutseka maso. Mbalame zimatambasulira makosi awo mwansangala. Nthawi yakudyaku, phokoso limakwera pamwamba pa thambolo;

Pakati pa nyama, ndizachikhalidwe kupereka mphatso kwa wokondedwa. Wamphongo amabweretsa miyala kumapazi a osankhidwa, omwe mtsogolomo amakhala chida popanga chisa. Koma, monga lamulo, izi sizigwira ntchito bwino anyamata achichepere, alibe kukula koyenera kwa miyala ndikubweretsa miyala yayikulu, yomwe sizingavute kuti azikoloweka dzira.

Chotuluka

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mwana wa nkhuku amayenda pansi ali ndi milungu isanu kuchokera pakubadwa. Emperor penguin wa ana amapanga mtundu wa kindergarten, kulengedwa komwe kumavomerezedwa ndi mamembala onse a atsamunda, ngakhale abwana. Ndipo chilengedwe chake chimabwera chifukwa cha zifukwa ziwiri:

1. Makolo amafunikabe kupita kunyanja, kudzidyetsa okha ndikudyetsa mwana wawo, yemwe akufunika kale chakudya chochuluka.
2. Ana amakhala otentha kwambiri akaunjikana pamodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, akuluakulu omwe sanapite kunyanja azungulila ana ndi mphete yowunda, amawotha, amawateteza kumphepo ndi mbalame zamadyedwe.

Pofika miyezi isanu, makanda amasintha manambala awo ndipo safunikiranso chisamaliro cha makolo ndi aphunzitsi kuchokera ku kindergarten, amapita kunyanja. Koma makolo samawasiya ndikuwatsata kuti awathandize pa kumizidwa koyambirira m'madzi.

Kusuntha m'madzi

Ma penguin amatha kusuntha m'madzi m'njira zitatu:

• kusambira pansi pamadzi
• Tulukani kumtunda,
• sambira pansi.

Mbalame ikasambira pamwamba, kumbuyo ndi kumaso kokha komwe kumawonekera kuchokera mthupi. Ma penguins abwino kwambiri amatha kusambira pansi pamadzi. Kutsutsa kwa mpweya kumathandiza kuti utuluke, chifukwa ndi kochepa kuposa kukokana ndi madzi.

Zosangalatsa

Emperor penguin amaikira dzira lolemera magalamu 450, ndipo chindacho chikuwoneka cholemera 300 g. Mbalameyi imalowa m'madzi akuya pafupifupi 265 mita. Malinga ndi ofufuza, mbiri yakaikidwa pakati pa nyama pomwe penguin imatha mphindi 18 pansi pamadzi. Pofunafuna nyama, mbalame yomwe ili pansi pa madzi imathamanga kwambiri mpaka makilomita 60 pa ola limodzi.

Wamphongo ndiye mbadwo wakubala. Pafupifupi milungu isanu atatha kuonekera ku mwana wankhuku, amapita ku "kindergarten", yomwe ili ndi aphunzitsi ake omwe amayang'anira ana, ndipo makolo amachokapo kukadya.

Kuti adziteteze ku mphepo yozizira, mbalamezo zimasunthira m'gulu lokwanira lomwe mamembala onse pang'onopang'ono amasunthira aliyense. Magulu omwewo amapangidwa mu "kindergartens", kokha mkati mwake mumakhala anapiye, omwe amatenthetsedwa ndi akuluakulu.

Emperor penguin ali ndi otsika kwambiri mkati mwa njuchi. Mwachitsanzo, ma penguins omwewa a Adelie amateteza kwambiri gawo lawo kwa nthumwi zamitundu yawo.

Nyamayi imakonda kuyenda, m'malo omwe Emperor penguin amakhala, mbalame imatha kuyenda makilomita 300, ndipo iyi ndi ayezi, icing ndi snowprifts, mphepo yamphamvu ndi chisanu.

Mbalameyi ndi nyama yolimba kwambiri. Ali ndi minofu yayikulu yomwe imatha kuthyola ngakhale mwendo wa munthu ndi phokoso limodzi lamapiko.

Monga nyama zambiri padziko lapansi, Emperor penguin (kuwonjezera pa adani achilengedwe) ali ndi wina - bambo. Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, magulu ambiri omwe anapezeka ndi anthu adawonongedwa mwankhanza. Mpaka pano, pali pulogalamu yoteteza zachilengedwe, chiwerengerochi chatsala pang'ono kubwezeretsedwa.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Emperor penguin - Woimira wamkulu kwambiri komanso wolemera kwambiri ku banja lake lachifumu - banja la anyani. Kukula kwa Emperor Penguin nthawi zina imafika pa 1.20 m, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 40 kg, ndi zina zambiri. Zachikazi ndizocheperako pang'ono - mpaka 30 kg.

Msana wake ndi mutu wake ndi wakuda kwathunthu, ndipo m'mimba mwayera ndi chikaso. Mtundu wachilengedwe umapangitsa kukhala kosafunikira kwa nyama zomwe zimakonda kusaka nyama. Mwachilengedwe sadziwa kuuluka, koma ndi mbalame yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu. Emperor Penguin yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi fluff yoyera.

Woimira penguinyu adalongosoleredwa kale m'zaka za zana la 19, ndi gulu lofufuza lotsogozedwa ndi Bellingshausen. Patatha pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi, kuthamangitsidwa kwa Scott kunathandizanso kwambiri pakuphunzira kwake.

Emperor penguin lero ndi anthu pafupifupi 300,000 (kwa mbalame sizili zochuluka kwambiri), amatengedwa ngati mbalame yosowa, ndipo ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotetezedwa. Emperor penguin pachithunzichi mbalame yokongola, eti?

Amasaka munyanja, ngati nsomba zam'madzi zilizonse, kudya nsomba ndi squid. Kusaka kumachitika makamaka pagulu. Gululi limasunthira mokhadzula, kubweretsa chisokonezo chonse m'magulu, ndipo ma penguin atagwira zomwe zimadutsamo.

Amatha kumeza kanyenje m'madzi, koma ndi nyama yayikulu ndikovuta - amayenera kukokedwa kumtunda, ndikuyiphwanya kale - kuti adye.

Pakusaka, amatha kuthana ndi mtunda wautali, ndikupanga liwiro la 6 km pa ola limodzi. Penguin ya impris ndi mpikisano wothamanga pakati pa abale ake, kuya kwa kabambidwe kake kumatha kufika mpaka 30 mita ndi zina.

Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupuma mpaka mphindi 15. Akasambira, amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi masomphenyawo, ndiye kuti kuwalako kumalowera kumadzi, kukuzama kwambiri. Amayesa kukhazikitsa madera awo m'malo opanda bomba, kutali ndi mphepo yozizira ya kumpoto, kuwabisa m'mphepete mwa miyala ndi malo oundana.

Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale madzi otseguka pafupi. Makolonu amatha kuwerengetsa anthu masauzande. Mwa njira, nthawi zina amasuntha mosangalatsa - akuyenda matalala ndi ayezi pamimba pawo, mothandizidwa ndi mapiko ndi maondo.

Ma penguin nthawi zambiri amatenthedwa m'magulu akuluakulu, momwe kumakhala kotentha, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kumakhalapo. Nthawi yomweyo, amasinthana, kuti zonse ndizabwino - zamkati zimasunthira kunja, ndipo akunja amawotha. Ma penguin amatha chaka chochuluka kukula ana awo, ndipo amakhala miyezi ingapo pachaka akusaka.

Kufufuza mayendedwe a ma penguin, ndikuwayang'anitsitsa kuchokera koyandikana, ndizovuta, chifukwa mbalamezi zimakhala zamanyazi kwambiri. Munthu akafika, amatha kuponyera chisa mosavuta ndi anapiye kapena anapiye ndikung'amba.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nthawi yoberekera kwa iwo imayamba mu Meyi mpaka June, nthawi yopambana kwambiri yazaka. Pakadali pano, matenthedwe amatha kukhala -50ºº, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mphepo ndi 200km / h. Zosavomerezeka kwambiri, koma zovomerezeka kwa ma penguin. Pachifukwa ichi, ana awo amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amakumana ndi zovuta zamtundu uliwonse.

Kodi Emperor Penguins Amanga Zoyipa? Zachidziwikire, ngati popanda izi. Koma kuchokera ku chiyani? Kupatula apo, monga momwe sizimadziwira zomera, mitundu yakumpoto ya anthu ake sizisangalatsa. Choyamba, penguin akuyesera kuti apeze malo obisika, kutali ndi madzi ndi mphepo.

Izi zimatha kukhala mwala pathanthwe kapena kungokhumudwa pansi pansi pamwala. Mbalameyi imakonzekeretsa chisa chija ndi miyala, yomwe, panjira, sizilinso zochulukirapo, makamaka zosafunikira kukula.

Chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri ma pianin Emperor amamanga zisa kuchokera ku miyala yachilendo yomwe amuna anzeru amakoka kuchokera pachisa chayandikana. Mwa njira, izi zimapangitsa chidwi kwambiri kwa akazi - tingati, "Chilichonse cha pabanja".

Amakhala nthawi zambiri m'magulu awo ogulitsa ana makamaka chambiri. Chifukwa chake zikuwoneka ngati zabwinoko kulera ana pamadzi oyandama.

Apa ali ndi zolondola - siwotengera aliyense amene amayesetsa kuti asume kuti asambe mumadzi oundana. Pokhapokha ngati zimbalangondo za polar, zomwe zimayenda pamtunda komanso pamadzi, sizimadya ma penguin chifukwa chosakoma nyama komanso chifukwa cha malo osiyanasiyana. Koma izi sizomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi. Ngati, komabe, amakhazikika pagombe, ndiye malo otetezedwa kwambiri osawombedwa, monga lamulo, pafupi ndi miyala.

Amafika kumtunda kuyambira mu Marichi, pomwe masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amayambika amayambira pomwepo, limodzi ndi kumenyedwa kosalekeza komanso kulira kosalekeza. Danga limapangidwa pang'onopang'ono, limatha kukhala kuchokera kwa anthu 300 mpaka zikwi zingapo. Koma apa pakubwera anthu omwe akhala akuyembekezera kwa nthawi yayitali, awiriawiri amapangidwa, ma penguin amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, azimayi akuyamba kale kuyala. Pamene, monga lamulo, dzira limodzi limodzi limawonekera, limayika izi ndi kufuula kopambana. Nthawi zambiri dzira limayamba kuzimiririka pansi pa khungu.

Unyinji wake umatha kukhala pafupifupi 500 g. Kumenyedwa makamaka kumagona amphongo, omwe, atangoika dzira, amalowa m'malo mwa mkazi. Kupatula apo, izi zisanachitike, iye amakhala ndi ludzu kwa mwezi wopitilira.

Kuikira mazira kwa miyezi iwiri, ndipo nthawi zina. Nthawi zambiri maonekedwe a ana amagwirizana ndikubwerera kwa akazi pambuyo pakusaka kwakutali, koyenera.

Ndi mawu aimuna, amasankha mwachangu komwe kuli chisa chawo. Komanso ndi nthawi yawo yopenyerera chisa ndi anapiye. Amuna komanso amapita kunyanja kukadya.

Mwana wankhuku akangomangidwa kumene amalemera magalamu mazana atatu, osapitilira apo. Ngati amayi ake analibe nthawi yoti awonekere, ndiye kuti mwamunayo amamuwadyetsa - ndi msuzi wam'mimba, kapena m'malo mwake, samatulutsidwa kwathunthu ndi m'mimba, koma ndi gland yapadera.

Mapangidwe awa ali ndi micronutrients onse. Pomwe mwana wankhuku akukula, makolo ake amamuteteza mwachangu ku mitundu yonse yakuwopseza, makamaka, izi ndi mbalame zam'madzi zamnyanja.

Amamudyetsa ngati akufuna kupha - mwankhanzayo amatha kudya kilogalamu zisanu ndi imodzi za nsomba. Chimakula mpaka nthawi yophukira yotsatira, ndipo pokhapokha anthu ataphunzira kusambira, mbalame zonse zimabwereranso ku ayezi.

Atatsala pang'ono kusiya mbalame molt. Amakhala ndi zovuta - osadya, ali pafupifupi osasunthika ndipo amachepetsa thupi. Ma penguin alibe adani ambiri achilengedwe - amatha kupha nyalugwe wanyanja kapena chinsomba chakupha.

Kwa ena onse, ndiye kuti sizingatheke. Ming'alu, monga tanena kale, ikuwopsezedwa ndi ma phula kapena skuas, nthawi zambiri imakhala chakudya chawo. Akuluakulu salinso pangozi.

Ngakhale kuli kotentha Kumpoto, poganizira za chitetezo chofananira cha adani, ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi ukalamba - zaka 25. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhalanso omasuka, komanso kubereka ana.

Mawonekedwe

Kukula kwakukulu kwa mbalame kumakhala kutalika kwa 130 cm, kulemera - mpaka 50 makilogalamu.Dziwani kuti mitunduyi ya penguin imakhala ndi minyewa yayikulu, yomwe imapangika chifukwa cha gawo lamadzi lamadzi.

Mtundu wa chikuto cha nthenga cha Emperor penguin ndi wakuda ndi loyera, mtunduwu umathandiza mbalamezo kubisala bwino kwa adani awo m'madzi. Zowonjezera pansi pa khosi komanso pafupi ndi masaya zimakhala ndi mtundu wa njerwa. Chovala choyamba cha kukoka ana amphaka a penguin wamkulu ndi mtundu wofiyira. Kulemera kwa mwana wakhanda wobadwa kumene kulinso magalamu mazana atatu. Dziwani kuti nthenga za nthenga za achikulire zimapereka mbalamezi kuteteza koyenera, kwinaku zikusintha kutentha kwa thupi.

Kusiyananso kwinanso pakati pa mitundu iyi ya penguin ndi abale ake ndi kuchuluka kwa mafupa a mbalame (zopanda mawonekedwe). Kutalika kwa mbalamezi nthawi zambiri kumatha zaka 25 chilengedwe chawo.

Habitat

Chiyerekezo cha oimira nyama zamtunduwu ndi pafupifupi 450,000 anthu, omwe amagawikana pakati pawo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Gulu la mbalame 300,000 zoyimira mitundu yambiri ya mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamadzi oundana, komabe, munthawi ya kubzala komanso pambuyo pakusaka ana awo, amasamukira kumtunda.

Dera lalikulu kwambiri la ma penguin akuluakulu amakhala ku Cape Washington (awiriawiri 20-25).

Makhalidwe

Mtundu wa madzi am'madzi umasungidwa m'makola ang'onoang'ono, pomwe mumapezeka malo okhala ndi zachilengedwe momwe mumayambira madzi oundana ndi ma ice hummocks. Komanso, mozungulira malo osankhidwa amoyo, nthawi zonse pamakhala malo okhala ndi madzi otseguka, omwe, makamaka, ndi chakudya cha mbalamezi. Nthawi zambiri, kuti aziyenda pamwamba, ma penguine amagwiritsa ntchito pamimba zawo, ndiko kuti, amagona pamimba pawo ndikuyamba kutsamira pamadzi oundana, akuthandiza okha ndi mapiko ndi mawondo.

Kutentha kochepa kwambiri, achikulire amasonkhana m'magulu, kumakungirirana wina ndi mnzake kuti atenthe. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyenda kumawonedwa nthawi zonse m'magulu otere - mbalame zimasuntha, malo osintha.

Anthuwa amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, omwe adadziwikanso ndi dzina, komabe, iyi ndi mbalame yochenjera kwambiri yomwe siyilola kuti anthu ayandikire, ndichifukwa chake mpaka lero kuyesera kuyimira oimira zamtunduwu sanakhale ndi chipambano.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalame zamtunduwu ndi nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa ma penguins, ma penguins nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pofuna kugwira nsomba, magulu a ma penguins amasambira m'masukulu amasodzi a nsomba, akumeza osuliza okhala panyanja. Ngati penguin wamkulu atagwidwa ndi chinsomba chokwanira, amadzichotsa pansi.

Pofufuza chakudya, ma penguin amfumu amatha kusambira mtunda wautali (mpaka 500 km). Kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe amadzi awa pakusaka kuli pafupi 5-6 km / h. Kutalika kwakukhala pansi pa madzi pafupifupi mphindi 15.

Emperor Penguin Kuzala

Ma penguins akuluakulu ndi mbalame zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimapangidwa pokhapokha banja litakhala limodzi mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo. Pofuna kukopa zazikazi, mbalame za anyamata kapena akazi anzawo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awo mokweza. Kutalika kwa masewera a chibwenzi kuli pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Pakadali pano, amuna ndi akazi onse amayenda nthawi yayitali yolumikizana, pomwe amuna nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuvina kwawo koyambirira pamaso pa akazi, komwe kumakhala kothina.

Pali dzira limodzi lokha m'makola am'madzi, lomwe limayikidwa ndi wamkazi pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuchokera nthawi yoyambira (Meyi-June). Kukula kwa dzira ndikokulira (m'lifupi - mpaka 10 mm, kutalika - osachepera 120 mm, kulemera - mpaka 500 g).

Kwa nthawi yayitali, njirayo imakhala ndi dzira m'matumba, ndikumalizira ndi mapiko ake (miyezi 1.5), kenako amapatsira mwamunayo kuti akwatulidwe, ndikusaka yayitali. Masabata 9 otsatira, a penguin amphongo samayenda ndipo amangodya chipale chofewa, chifukwa chake amachepetsa kwambiri kunenepa. Pakakhala kuti penguin wamkazi alibe nthawi yobwerera kuchokera kokasaka nthawi kuti adzagwire mwana wankhuku, bambo wa banja limayambitsa zofunafuna zapadera zomwe zimayambitsa mafuta osasunthika amkati, omwe abambo amadyetsa anapiyewo mpaka kholo litabweranso.

Anapiye akuthwa adaphimbidwa ndi fluff; kuthekera kosambira kudzawonekera pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kutacha kavalidwe koyamba nthenga. Pambuyo pobadwa, ma penguins ang'onoang'ono amatha kusiya makolo awo atatha miyezi 1.5, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusasamala kumeneku ndi imfa yawo.

Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti azimayi omwe abereka ana awo amatha kulanda anapiye ndikuwalera ngati awo.

Adani achilengedwe

Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata a ma penguin a Emperor amathanso kugwira nyama yolusa ngati ya skuas.

Choopsa chachikulu kwa anthu amtunduwu ndi kutentha kwadziko lapansi, kuphatikizanso, pali chinthu china chomwe chikuwakhudza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha madzi am'madzi - uku ndi kuchepetsedwa mwachangu pantchito yopeza chakudya. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma penguin m'zaka zaposachedwa kumatha kuchepa (mpaka 5%). Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, ndichifukwa chake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti mbalame zamtunduwu zizipeza chakudya chofunikira pa chakudya. Kusokonezeka kwa anthu kwachilengedwe (kukula kwakukulu kwa zokopa alendo) kumakhudzanso moyo wa mbalame.

Mbiri yophunzira

Penguin ya Emperor idapezeka ndikuthamangitsidwa kwa F.F. Bellingshausen ndi M.P. Lazarev mu 1819-1821.

Thandizo lalikulu pakuphunzira kwa Emperor penguin linapangidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa Robert Scott Antarctic mu 1910 mpaka 1913. pamene gulu la anthu atatu (kuphatikiza Adrian Wilson) kuchokera kumunsi ku Cape Evans ku McMurdo Strait kupita ku Cape Crozier, komwe kunali mazira angapo a penguin, omwe anali ofunika pakuphunzira nthawi ya embryonic kukula kwa mbalamezi.

Kugawa

Emperor penguin ochokera ku mitundu yonse ya ma penguin amabwera kumwera chakumwera. Pafupifupi anthu 300,000 a Emperor penguin amakhala pamadzi oundana ozungulira Antarctica, koma amasamukira kumtunda kukakwatirana ndi mazira.

Mpaka 2009, zinkakhulupirira kuti padziko lapansi panali 34 ya mayiko awo. Chifukwa chophunzira zithunzi za satelatiki za Antarctic (LandSat Image Moses of Antarctica), asayansi adapeza zinyalala 38 m'chipale chofewa, chomwe chikufanana ndi malo 38 omwe nthawi yachisanu imakhala yozizira, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chomwecho.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Monga mbalame yam'madzi, Emperor penguin amasaka nyama yam'nyanja. Amamadya nsomba, squid ndi krill. Ma pianin ama Emperor amasaka m'magulu. Maguluwa amasambira mpaka pasukulu ya nsomba ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawononga nyama yomwe ili mmaliromo, ndikukhomerera chilichonse chowoneka pamaso pawo. Amadyanso nyama yaying'ono mwachidule m'madzi, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito nyama yayikulu ayenera kusambira kuti ayidule. Mukasaka, ma Emperor penguins amayenda mtunda wautali, akusuntha ndi liwiro la 3-6 km / h ndikutsikira pansi mpaka pakuya mita 535. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kukhala pansi pa madzi kwa mphindi 15. Kuwala kochulukira, kumatsika ndikuzama, popeza njira yawo yayikulu ikasaka ndikuwona, osati kumva kapena kuwomba mawu.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin

Emperor penguin ndi nthumwi ya gulu la mbalame, dongosolo la penguin, banja la anyani. Amadziwika mu mtundu wosiyana ndi mitundu ya Emperor penguin.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbalame zodabwitsazi zidapezeka mu 1820 nthawi ya kafukufuku ku Bellingshausen. Komabe, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa ma Emperor penguins kunapezeka zolemba za ofufuza Vasco da Gama mu 1498, ndikuchoka kugombe la ku Africa ndi Magellan, yemwe adakumana ndi mbalame mu 1521 kugombe la South America. Komabe, akatswiri akaleakafanizira ndi atsekwe. Penguin adayamba kutchedwa mbalame kokha m'zaka za zana la 16.

Kufufuzanso kwina kwa kusintha kwa oimira gulu la mbalamezi kukuwonetsa kuti makolo awo akale adakhalako ku New Zealand, madera ena aku South America, ndi Penarula ya Antarctic. Komanso, akatswiri ofufuza za nyama anapeza zotsalira za makolo akale a Emperor penguin m'malo ena a Australia ndi Africa.

Kanema: Emperor Penguin

Penguin wakale kwambiri amakhalapo kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Eocene ndipo akuwonetsa kuti zitha kukhalapo padziko lapansi zaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 45 zapitazo. Poona zotsalira, makolo akale a ma penguin anali akulu kwambiri kuposa amakono. Amakhulupirira kuti kholo lalikulu la ma penguin amakono anali phulain ya Nordensköld. Kukula kwake kunali kofanana ndi kukula kwamunthu wamakono, ndipo thupi lake limafika pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 120.

Asayansi apezanso kuti makolo akale akale a ma penguin sanali madzi am'madzi. Zinali ndi mapiko ndipo zimatha kuuluka. Ma penguin ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri ndi mphuno za tubular. Kutengera izi, mitundu yonse ya mbalame imakhala ndi makolo wamba. Maphunziro a mbalame adachitidwa ndi asayansi ambiri, kuphatikiza a Robert Scott mu 1913. Monga gawo la ulendowo, adachoka ku Cape Evans kupita ku Cape Crozier, komwe adakwanitsa kupeza mazira ochepa kwambiri a mbalame zodabwitsazi. Izi zidaloleza kuti adziwe zambiri za momwe ma penguin amaphunzirira.

Kodi Emperor penguin amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin Mbalame

Malo okhala penguin kwambiri ndi ku Antarctica. Mchigawochi, amapanga magulu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana - kuyambira makumi angapo mpaka mazana angapo. Makamaka magulu akuluakulu amafumu amafumu pafupifupi 3,000. Pofuna kukhazikika pazilumba za Antarctica, mbalame zimayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuweta ndi kuswa mazira, mbalame nthawi zonse zimabweranso m'chigawo chapakati cha Antarctica.

Kafukufuku wa akatswiri osamalira zinyama adazindikira kuti masiku ano kuli magulu a mbalame pafupifupi 37. Monga malo okhalamo, amakonda kusankha malo omwe angakhale ngati malo othawirako komanso kuteteza oimira maluwa ndi nyama kwa adani achilengedwe ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapeto kwa ayezi, mapiri, matalala. Chofunikira kuti magawo ambiri a mbalame azikhala ndi mwayi womasuka kulowa m'malo osungira nyama.

Mbalame zodabwitsa zomwe sizimatha kuuluka zimakhala kwambiri pakati pa mizere ya 66 ndi 77 ya kum'mwera kwenikweni. Dera lalikulu kwambiri limakhala ku Cape Washington. Chiwerengerochi chimaposa anthu 20,000.

Zisumbu ndi zigawo zokhala ndi ma penguin amfumu:

• Taylor Glacier
• Katundu wa Mfumukazi ya Mafashoni
• Heard Island
• Chilumba cha Coleman
• Victoria Island,
• Zilumba za Sandwich
• Tierra del Fuego.

Kodi Emperor penguin amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin Red Book

Poganizira nyengo yotentha komanso chisanu chamuyaya, anthu onse okhala ku Antarctica amapeza chakudya chawo munyanja yakuya. Ma penguin amakhala panyanja pafupifupi miyezi iwiri pachaka.

Zosangalatsa! Mitundu yamtunduwu siyofanana pakati pa osiyana siyana. Amatha kulowa m'madzi akuya pafupifupi mikono mazana asanu ndipo amapumira pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi pafupifupi makumi awiri.

Kukula kwa kutsika mwachindunji kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwunika kwa kuya kuya kwa madzi ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Madzi ochulukirapo akaunikiridwa, mbalame zakuya zimatha kulowa m'madzi. Akakhala m'madzi, amadalira masomphenyawo. Mukamasaka, mbalame zimathamanga kwambiri mpaka 6-7 km / h. Gwero la chakudya ndi nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso anthu ena okhala m'madzi: nkhono, squid, oysters, plankton, crustaceans, krill, etc.

Ma penguin amakonda kusaka m'magulu. Ma penguins angapo amenya sukulu ya nsomba, kapena moyo wina wam'madzi, ndikugwira aliyense yemwe alibe nthawi yoti athawe. Ma penguin amatenga kachakudya kakang'ono m'madzi. Adatola nyama yayikulu kumtunda, ndikuyikhadzula, nudya.

Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame zimatha kuyenda mtunda wawutali, mpaka 6,7 ​​km km. Nthawi yomweyo, saopa chisanu chozizira kuchokera ku -45 mpaka -70 madigiri komanso gale lakuboola. Ma penguins amatha mphamvu ndi mphamvu zambiri pogwira nsomba komanso nyama zina. Nthawi zina amayenera kuyenda mpaka 300-500 pa tsiku. Mbalamezo zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kake kamkati kamkamwa. Ali ndi ma spikes omwe amawongoleredwa kumbuyo, motsatana, ndi thandizo lawo ndikosavuta kugwira nyama.

Amadya chiyani

Zakudya za Emperor penguin, monga nsomba zambiri zam'madzi, zimakhala ndi nsomba, squid, ndi planktonic crustaceans (krill).

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Ma penguu amapita kukasaka m'magulu, ndipo munjira yoyenera amasambira m'sukulu ya nsomba. Zonse zomwe ma Emperor penguins amawona akusaka patsogolo pawo zimagwera mulomo. Kudya kakang'ono kumamezedwa m'madzi, koma ndikokugwira kwakukulu iwo amabwera kumtunda ndipo pomwepo amadula ndi kudya. Ma penguins amasambira bwino kwambiri ndipo nthawi yakusaka liwiro lawo limafika pamtunda wamakilomita 60 pa ola limodzi, ndipo kuya kwakuya kwambiri kuli pafupifupi theka la kilomita. Koma ma penguins akuzama kwambiri amadzigwera kokha ndi kuwunikira kwabwino, popeza amadalira mawonekedwe awo okha.

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Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Emperor Penguins ku Antarctica

Ma penguin si nyama zangokhala zokha, amakhala m'magulu amtundu ndikupanga awiriawiri omwe amakhala nthawi zonse mbalame.

Zosangalatsa! Ma penguin ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zilipo zomwe sizikudziwa kupanga zisa.

Amayikira mazira awo ndi kubereketsa, kubisala kuseri kwa nyumba zachilengedwe - miyala, miyala, ayezi, etc. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri pachaka amathera kunyanja kufunafuna chakudya, nthawi yotsalayo amagwiritsa ntchito kuwaswa mazira ndi kuwaswa. Mbalame zimakhala ndi chibadwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi makolo. Amawerengedwa ngati makolo abwino kwambiri, olemekeza kwambiri komanso achikondi.

Mbalame zimatha kuyendayenda pamiyendo, kapena kugona pamatumbo awo, ndikukulira kumanja ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Amayenda pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono komanso mosatekeseka, popeza miyendo yayifupi siyigwada. Amakhala olimba mtima komanso okalamba m'madzi. Amatha kulowa pansi kwambiri, mpaka kuthamanga mpaka 6-10 km / h. Ma penguins ama Emperor amatuluka m'madzi, ndikupanga kudumpha modabwitsa mpaka mamita angapo kutalika.

Mbalamezi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosamala komanso zamantha. Atazindikira kuti ngozi ili pafupi pang'ono, amathamangira mbali zonse, pomwe akusiya mazira ndi ana awo. Komabe, madera ambiri amakhala ochezeka komanso ochezeka kwa anthu. Nthawi zambiri samangokhala ndi mantha ndi anthu, komanso amawasanthula ndi chidwi, ngakhale amalola kudzikhudza okha. M'madera a mbalame, matriarchy athunthu amalamulira. Akazi ndi atsogoleri, iwonso amasankha amuna amphongo kuti azichita nawo chidwi. Pambuyo pakupuma, anyani amphaka amathira mazira, ndipo akazi amapita kukasaka.

Ma penguin a Emperor amalimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu champhamvu komanso champhamvu. Amapanga mafuta ochulukirapo, komanso mafuta ochulukirapo komanso amanenepa. Kutentha mbalame zimapanga bwalo lalikulu. Mkati mwa bwalo lino, matenthedwe amafika +30 pamtunda wozungulira wa -25-30 madigiri. Pakati pa bwalo nthawi zambiri ana. Akuluakulu amasinthana malo, amasunthika kutali ndi chapakati pamphepete, ndi mosemphanitsa.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin Chick

Ma penguins amakonda kupanga awiriawiri, olimba. Awiriwo amapangika poyambira mkazi. Iyenso imasankha mnzake, osasiyira ena mwayi, koma amuna opambana. Kenako mkaziyo amayamba kusamalira wamphongo wokongola kwambiri. Choyamba, amatsitsa mutu wake, natambasula mapiko ake ndikuyamba kuyimba nyimbo. Mogwirizana, mwamunayo amayimba limodzi naye.Mukamayimba maukwati, amadziwana wina ndi mnzake, koma osayimba nyimbo mokweza kuposa ena kuti asasokoneze kuyimba kwa anthu ena. Chibwenzi choterocho chimakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Awiriwo amasunthira wina ndi mnzake, kapena kusewera zovina mwapadera ndi milomo yoponyedwa. Kulowa muukwati kumayambitsidwa ndi mitu yosinthana.

Kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena Meyi, mkaziyo amatenga dzira limodzi. Kuchuluka kwake ndi 430-460 gr. Asanayike dzira samadya kanthu kwa mwezi umodzi. Chifukwa chake, ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, nthawi yomweyo imapita kunyanja kukadya. Pamenepo ali pafupi miyezi iwiri. Nthawi yonseyi bambo wamtsogolo amasamalira dzira. Amayika dzira m'khola pakatikati pake, komwe limakhala ngati chikwama. Palibenso mphepo ndi chisanu zomwe zingachititse kuti chimphona chizisiya dzira. Amuna omwe alibe banja amawopseza abambo amtsogolo. Amatha kunyamula dzira muukali, kapena kuwuphwanya. Chifukwa choti abambo amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso kusamalira ana awo, mazira oposa 90%

Amuna nthawi imeneyi amachepetsa thupi. Pakadali pano, kulemera kwawo sikupitirira 25 kilogalamu. Yaikazi imabweranso yamphongo ikakhala ndi vuto losatha lanjala ndikumubweza. Abwerera ndi nsomba zam'nyanja zamwana. Nthawi yotsatira ya abambo kuti apume. Kupuma kwake kumatenga pafupifupi masabata 3-4.

Miyezi iwiri yoyambayo nestling idakutidwa ndi fluff ndipo satha kupulumuka m'malo ovuta a Antarctica. Imangokhala m'thumba lotentha, la makolo ake. Kumakhala kutentha kosachepera 35 digiri. Ngati, mwangozi wakupha, mwanayo atagwa m'thumba mwake, adzaphedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ndi kubwera kwa chilimwe kokha komwe amayamba kuyenda pawokha ndikuphunzira kusambira, kupeza chakudya chawo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Emperor Emperor Penguin

Choopseza chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa Emperor penguin ndikusintha kwa nyengo, kutentha. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumabweretsa kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala mbalame. Njira zotere zimatsogolera kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha mbalame. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, mitundu ina ya nsomba, zipolopolo, ndi ma crustaceans zimafa, ndiye kuti, malo owetera anyaniwa amachepa.

Ntchito yayikulu pakufalikira kwa ma penguin a Emperor imaseweredwa ndi munthu ndi ntchito zake. Anthu samatulutsa ma penguin okha, komanso ambiri amasodza nsomba ndi anthu ena okhala munyanja yayikulu. Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya okhala m'madzi kukuchepa.

Posachedwa, kukopa kwambiri kwakhala kofala kwambiri. Makani azowonera zatsopano amapita kumalo osavomerezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Komabe, ku Antarctica kulinso chimodzimodzi. Pankhaniyi, malo okhala Emperor penguin adatsekedwa.

Sungani Emperor Penguins

Chithunzi: Emperor Penguin kuchokera ku Red Book

Mpaka pano, Emperor penguins adalembedwa mu Red Book. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, iwo anali atawopsezedwa kuti adzawonongedwa. Mpaka pano, achitapo kanthu kuti asunge ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Amaletsedwa kupha. Komanso, pofuna kuteteza nyamazo, sizoletsedwa kugwira nsomba ndi kukola nsomba kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo okhala mbalame. Bungwe la International Commission for the Conservation of Marine Life kuti lisunge ma Emperor penguin, lalimbikitsa kulengeza gombe lakummawa kwa Antarctica malo otetezedwa.

Emperor penguin - Ino ndi mbalame yodabwitsa, yomwe kukula kwake kupitirira mita imodzi. Amakhala moyo wovuta komanso nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Makulidwe amtundu wonenepa kwambiri wamankhwala, mapangidwe ake a pulogalamu ya thermoregulation, komanso mafumvu wandiweyani amamuthandiza mu izi. Ma penguins ama Emperor amaonedwa kuti ndi osamala kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo mbalame zamtendere.