Chithunzi: Blake Matheson
Chimbalangondo cha polar chimatha nthawi yoposa 50% ya nthawi yake kusaka. Amatha kukhala osadya kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale nthawi zina kwa mwezi wathunthu. Koma pakagwiridwe ntchito, nyama yodyerayi imadyedwa nthawi yomweyo mpaka 10 mpaka 25 kg. Chimbalangondo cholowera chakudyacho chimadyera makamaka pazisindikizo. Kwa maola ambiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale masiku, amabisalira nyama yake pamadzi oundana. Chisindikizo chikatuluka m'madzi kuti chipumire mpweya, chimbalangondocho chimagunda mutu ndi miyendo yake, ndikuwadina mapiko, kenako ndikukokera chilombocho m'madzi kupita pamwamba pa madzi oundana. Koma nthawi zambiri pakudya chimbalangondo chomwe chili ndi polar kumakhala mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono. Chinyama cholusa sichingakane mauna apambwe. Chimbalangondo cholowera chakum'mawa chimapeza chakudya chifukwa cha fungo lakuthwa kwambiri - chimamva fungo la zovunda, ngakhale itakhala kuti ili mu nyanja.
Pali nthawi zina pamene ma dolphin okonda kuzizira, monga ma beluga whale ndi narwhals, amagwera mumsampha wowopsa. Msampha wotere umatha kukhala dzenje lakuzizira, komwe ma dolphin ambiri amakhala. Onsewa ali ndi chiyembekezo cha imfa. Zimbalangondo, zitazindikira msampha wotere, zimasamutsa nyama zonse ndikupanga nyengo yachisanu. Mfumu ya chipululu cha chipale chofeŵa sichimanyansidwa ndi mbewu, pomwe zina zingakhale zipatso, mbewa, ndere, udzu ndi zina. Zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri za ukhondo wawo. Pambuyo pa chakudya chilichonse, nyama zimapereka mphindi 20-30 kuti ziyeretse pazakudya ndi zinyalala.
Chifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo cham'mapiri chimakhala chobiriwira?
Zomera zazing'ono zobiriwira nthawi zina zimakhala mu ubweya wa polar. Nyama ikakhala pamalo otentha, algae amayamba kuchulukana ndikupaka utoto wa ubweya wautoto mu mtundu wake.
Zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala pamwamba pa msambo wa chakudya ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazochitika zam'madzi. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, adakhalanso gawo lofunika pazikhalidwe ndi chuma cha anthu a ku Arctic. Mdani yekhayo wa chimbalangondo ichi ndi munthu. Kufufuza mwachisawawa kumapangitsa nyama iyi kuti ithe. Chifukwa chake, chimbalangondo cha polar chili m'ndandanda wa IUCN Red pansi pa mtundu wovuta.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Ma paws apadera
Oshkuy, Nanuk, Umka - ndiye zonse, chimbalangondo. Pomors, Eskimos ndi Chukchi adamupatsa mayina osiyanasiyana, koma onse adagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi: uyu ndiye mwiniwake wa Arctic.
Zachilengedwe zinalamula kotero kuti wachiwiri (pambuyo pa chisamba chodedera) wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi yemwe amakhala padziko lapansi. Koma adasamalira "zida" zake, chifukwa chomwe chimbalangondo, mwina, sichimadziwa kuti amakhala bwanji. Tengani mtundu womwewo - yoyera: umapangitsa kuti umka asawonekere m'chipale chofewa, chofunikira kwambiri pakusaka. Chophimba cha chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polar ndi wandiweyani - chokhala ndi undercoat yolimba. Chimateteza thupi la nyama kuti isanyowe m'madzi ozizira, komanso kutentha. Ndipo mafuta osunthika - kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 cm - amalepheretsa chilombo kuti chisazizidwe, ngakhale kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsika 45 ° C. Ngakhale zidendene zam'mapapo zimbalangondo zokhala ndi polar zimakutidwa ndi ubweya, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ziwiri nthawi imodzi: zimakupatsani mwayi kuti "mapazi anu akhale otentha" ndipo amathandizira kuti nyama zisamaterere. Chifukwa chake siziwopseza kutambasuka pa ayezi. Otsatira amakhala nthawi yayitali m'miyala yambiri yomwe nthawi zina imawanyamula kupita m'mphepete mwa Iceland kapena kunyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Japan. Ndipo kuti abwerere kwawo komwe amakhala, ayenera kuyenda mtunda wautali wolowera kumpoto. Pofikira pamtunda, zigwa izi zimaphimba makilomita 5.5 pa ola limodzi, koma ngati mungaganize kuthamanga, zimathamanga mwachangu kwambiri 40 km / h. M'madzi, amathamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa cha nembanemba yosambira pakati pa zala, zimbalangondo zoyera zimatha kusambira mothamanga kwambiri 6.5 km / h. Pofufuza nyama, sizingawathandize kuthana ndi 160 km ndi madzi, ndipo aliyense wocheperako amatha kuchita kaduka kuti akhale pansi pa madzi: Mphindi ziwiri zopanda mpweya!
Gwira chisindikizo, chaching'ono ndi chachikulu
Mwiniwake wa Arctic amatha theka lamoyo wake akusaka. Ndipo zilibe kanthu ngati ikukula bwino: umka ungathe popanda chakudya kwa mwezi wathunthu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti atasala kudya kwa masiku 10, kagayidwe kake kamachepetsa - ndendende mpaka chakudya chimalowa m'mimba kachiwiri. Zakudya zomwe zimakonda kudya nyama yolusa imakhala ndi zisindikizo, zisindikizo zazingwe, ma walrus ndi nyama zina zam'madzi. Mu mpando umodzi, chimbalangondo chimadya nyama kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 25 kg. Chifukwa cha fungo labwino kwambiri, kumva komanso kuwona, zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar zimatha kudziwa nyama, zokhala kutali nayo kwa ma kilomita angapo. Ngakhale ayezi wosazama samawalepheretsa kununkhira zakudya zomwe zingakhalepo.
Chimbalangondo cholowera chodekha, amatha kukhala masiku angapo pakhomo, kuteteza nyama. Chisindikizo chikangotulutsa mutu m'madzi, chidacho chimakhala chikugwera mwamphamvu. Zisindikizo zikakhala pansi pa ayezi, ndiye kuti chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi mphamvu kuti chimatembenuze. Zimamuvuta kuti apirire ma walruse: sangathe kuthana nawo m'madzi.
Nthawi zina, ma bulugamu angapo kapena ma narwhals akakumana mu dzenje lakuzizira, amakhala ndi mwayi: osadikirira mpaka atafa, iye amawapha limodzi, amawakokera kumtunda ndikuyika matupiwo posungira. Carnivore sichimanyoza zovalazo. Chimbalangondo chanjala chimadya chilichonse: zovalazo, nsomba zakufa, mazira a mbalame, anapiye ngakhale algae. Umka, yemwe amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, adzaukira m'nyumba zosungiramo zakudya zakunyumba kukafunafuna chakudya ndipo adzayang'ananso zotaya zinyalala. Ndipo akudya nkhomaliro, mkati mwa theka la ola azitsuka malaya ake amachira kuchokera ku zotsala za chakudya ndi zinyalala zina. Kufunafuna chiyero m'mwazi wake.
Loto lozizira
Kubvala kwa zimbalangondo zaposachedwa ndi zabwino zapamwamba. Amakumba timabowo ting'onoting'ono tambiri m'chipale chofewa pokhapokha ngati chimvula champhamvu kubisala nyengo. Ndi mabere okhaokha omwe ali ndi "nyumba" yawo - omwe akuyembekezera ana - ndi amuna achikulire, omwe akuyamba kulimbirana, chifukwa amakonda kugona. Ndipo achichepere ndi omasuka samagwera mlengalenga, nthawi yozizira mphamvu zake zimachepa.
Amayi oyembekezera amafuna kugona: Masiku 130 kugona, ndipo nthawi yonseyi samadya kapena kunyoza. Urea amadziwika kuti ndi woopsa, koma microflora yam'mimba ya polar imayipanga kuti ipange ma amino acid opindulitsa. Chimbalangondo sichimafunikiranso kumwa madzi nthawi yovutira, imafunikira imodzi yomwe imapezeka pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungira. Kuchokera pa khola la chipale chofewa, chachikazi chimasankhidwa kuti chizikhala chocheperako, chomwe chimatayika osati mafuta okha, komanso 20% ya misa. Cholengedwa chilichonse chamoyo sichimatha kuyenda chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Koma asayansi awona kuti zimbalangondo nthawi zonse zimakhala "zamaphunziro" - ngakhale m'maloto. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, adatsimikiza: panthawi yotseka nyama, ziwalo zina zamthupi zimawotha, zomwe zimawonetsa kusweka mtima kwa minofu. Nthawi yomweyo, kugunda kwa mtima wa bere kumachepa, ndipo magazi amayenda.
Senzani chikondi
Zimbalangondo zama Polar ndizolakalaka mwachilengedwe. Amakhala odekha wina ndi mnzake ndipo akufuna kusalowerera ndale. Koma osati nthawi yakukhwima. Nthawi zina zazikazi zimatsatiridwa ndi amuna amuna asanu ndi awiri, pomwe pakati pawo pamakhala mikangano. Zowona, mayiyo akangomaliza estrus (ndipo amatha masiku atatu), amunawo amasiya kumukonda. Chifukwa chake chimbalangondo chikumanga chiimacho: chimatengedwa mu Okutobala, ndipo pakati pa Novembala chikuyenda kale malo okhala. Nthawi zambiri chimbalangondo chimatenga malo paphiri, chimagona ndikudikirira chimphepo champhamvu chipale chofewa. Ndipo imanama mpaka itakutidwa ndi chisanu. Kenako amasungunula phanga laling'ono ndi mpweya wake, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kutuluka tchuthi ndi mawaya ake. Amathandizanso kupita kumtunda. Madona oyera ena amakumba phanga mumayendedwe a chipale chofewa pafupi ndi gombe kuti kasupe wopita kumadzi satenga nthawi yayitali. Yoyambayo imapanga kakhola mu chipale chofewa, kenako pakuyandikira mita yoponda phanga. Mu "chipinda" choterocho kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala nthawi zonse pamwamba pa ziro. Ichi ndi chipatala chothandiza amayi chimbalangondo. Amabereka zaka zitatu zilizonse, popanda ana atatu - 500 magalamu, khungu komanso pafupifupi tsitsi. Koma chifukwa cha mkaka wa m'mawere wolemera komanso wopatsa thanzi, amapeza mphamvu msanga ndipo pakatha miyezi iwiri amayamba kupanga zachidule zazifupi. Ndipo ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu amapita kukayendayenda ku Arctic ndi amayi awo, omwe, panjira, amawadyetsa "bere" kwa zaka 1.5.
Mankhwala a scurvy
Chimbalangondo chopanda polowera chiribe adani achilengedwe. Choopsa chachikulu chakubala ndi anthu. Ndipo osati ozizira nthawi zonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mayendedwe ambiri a polar adakumana ndi scurvy, yomwe idathandizidwa ndi magazi. Wofufuza m'malo mwa ndewu Julius Payer, polankhula za kutuluka kwa Austro-Hungary kupita ku Franz Josef Land (1872-1874), adalemba kuti panthawiyi adapha zimbalangondo 67: "Mapapu ndi ntchafu zinayi zidayikidwa patebulo lalikulu, chilankhulocho chimaperekedwa kwa adotolo, ndipo wophika adalandira mtima. Mwazi wa chimbalangondo unapita kukathandiza odwala a scurvy, msana ndi nthiti zimaponyedwa kwa agalu. Chiwindi chovulaza thanzi (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa Vitamini A. - Author). Unaponyedwa m'madzi, bongo unapita pagome muchipinda cha odwala, ndipo mafuta amapita ku mbiya yapadera. ” Ndipo mu 1912, Nikolai Pinegin, membala wa gulu lothamangitsidwa ku Sedov, amakumbukira kuti: "Anthu onse athanzi komanso odwala adamwa magazi amafuta otentha. Mpaka lero ine sindinali wokhetsa magazi, koma lero ndimatamanda kwambiri izi, osapatsa mawonekedwe kuti zikundinyansa: Ndinkadziwa kuti m'zinthu zathu magazi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira.
Lero, mwamwayi, palibe chifukwa chamankhwala ngati amenewo. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti zimbalangondo ndizabwino. Ngakhale ziletsozo, ndipo zimbalangondo zomwe zimayikidwa polandidwa, mwachitsanzo, mu Red Book of Russia, chaka chilichonse ozembetsa amapha anthu pafupifupi 150. Ndipo ngakhale kuti alipo 25,000 okha omwe atsala padziko lonse lapansi ... Zowonjezereka, ndipo tidzafuulira kuti: "[Kodi ndinu, umka?"
Chiyambi cha mitundu
Poyamba, zimaganiziridwa kuti chimbalangondo cha polar chimasiyana ndi chofiirira zaka pafupifupi 45-150 zapitazo, mwina ali mdera la Ireland yamakono. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa adawonetsa kuti chimbalangondo cha polar cholekanitsidwa ndi kholo lawo wamba chobadwa 338-934 zaka chikwi zapitazo (pafupifupi zaka 600,000 zapitazo), ndi zaka 100-120 zapitazo chifukwa chobereketsa mitundu, zidasinthana, zomwe zidachititsa zimbalangondo zamakono zonse ndi mbadwa za izi.
Kulumikizana kwa zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar komanso zofiirira kudachitika nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chomwe 2% (mwa anthu ena, kuyambira 5 mpaka 10%) ya zimbalangondo zokhala ndi polar zimapezeka mwa zimbalangondo zofiirira. Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar komanso zofiirira zimabereka ana ochulukirapo, kotero kuti ndi ofanana. Komabe, sangakhale ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe; ali ndi maumbidwe osiyanasiyana, kagayidwe, chikhalidwe, zakudya, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aziziika ngati mitundu.
Mawonekedwe
Chimbalangondo cha polar ndikuyimira wamkulu wa banja la chimbalangondo ndi dongosolo lakale. Kutalika kwake kumafikira 3 m, kulemera mpaka 1 1. Nthawi zambiri amuna amalemera 450-500 kg, kutalika kwa thupi 200-250 cm. Akazi ndi ocheperako (200-300 kg, 160-250 cm). Kutalika kufota 130-150 cm. Zimbalangondo zazing'ono kwambiri zimapezeka ku Svalbard, yayikulu kwambiri - ku Bering Sea.
Chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polar chimasiyanitsidwa ndi zimbalangondo zina ndi khosi lalitali komanso mutu wosalala. Khungu lake ndi lakuda. Mtundu wa chovala cha ubweya umakhala wachizungu mpaka wachikasu, nthawi yotentha ubweya umatha kusanduka wachikaso chifukwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawonekera nthawi zonse. Tsitsi la chimbalangondo ndilopanda khungu, ndipo tsitsilo limakhala lopanda tanthauzo. Tsitsi la Translucent limangotulutsa ma radiation a ultraviolet okha, kupatsa ubweya zomwe zimathandizira kutentha. Mukujambula zithunzi za ultraviolet, chimbalangondo cha polar chimawoneka chakuda. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka tsitsi, chimbalangondo cha polar nthawi zina chimatha "kusintha kubiriwira". Izi zimachitika nyengo yotentha (mu malo osungira nyama), pomwe ma microscopic algae amadzimiririka mkati mwa ubweya.
Tsitsi lakumapazi limakhala ndi ubweya kuti lisasunthike pamadzi oundana komanso kuti isazizire. Pakati pa zala pali kakulidwe kosambira, ndipo kutsogolo kwa matako kumakhala kokhala ndi mabatani olimba. Zovala zazikulu zimatha kubera ngakhale nyama yamphamvu.
Malo okhala chimbalangondo
Zimbalangondo za Polar zimakhala ku Arctic, Greenland ndi zigawo kumpoto kwa North America ndi Asia. Amakonda kukhala pamalo opanda madzi oundana. Nyamazi zimatha kuzolowera moyo wachilengedwe cha Arctic. Ubweya wawo wakuda komanso wautali kapena wachikasu umateteza kwambiri kuzizira.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Kukula kwa chimbalangondo ichi kupitilira mkango ndi kambuku. Kumene kuli zilombo zosowa za nyama yathu yaku Russia! Kutalika kwake kumafikira 3 mita. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri 2-2,5 m. A unyinji wa chimbalangondo pafupifupi theka la tani. Wamphongo wamkulu amalemera makilogalamu 450-500. Akazi ndi ocheperako. Kulemera kuyambira 200 mpaka 300 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 1.3 mpaka 1.5 m.
Kutalika kwa chilombo chokulirapo nthawi zambiri chimafikira mamita 1.4. Mphamvu yayitali kwambiri ya nyamayi imafanana ndi kukula kwake. Zitsanzo zimakhala pafupipafupi pomwe chimbalangondo chimanyamula mosavuta munthu wogwidwayo, wobzala kapena walrus.
Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti chilengedwe champhamvu kwambiri cha chilombochi, chomwe nkovuta kuchikhulupirira, chimalemera. Maonekedwe ake ndi osiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina. Choyamba, ndi yoyera kwenikweni. M'malo mwake, tsitsi lake limayera kuyambira yoyera mpaka wachikaso. M'nyengo yozizira imakhala yowala, nthawi yotentha imasanduka chikasu pansi pa thambo.
Chimbalangondo pandalama Zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi malo omwe ali pompopompo. Mawonekedwe ake pamenepo amaphatikizana ndi madzi oundana, mphuno imodzi yakuda ndi maso ake akutsutsana ndi mbiri yakale. Zimveka momveka bwino momwe chilengedwechi chilili choyera.
Mosiyana ndi chimbalangondo wamba, alibe thupi lodzaza, koma "kuthamangitsa". Khosi lalitali, mutu wosalala, mphuno yayitali komanso yodera. Pali umboni kuti iye amatha kununkhira nyama yosirayo ngakhale pansi pa madzi oundana.
Natural adasamalira "zovala" zake mowolowa manja, potengera nyengo yozizira. Chovala chake ndi chokulirapo komanso chotalika; Tsitsi limakhala lopanda kanthu, kuloleza m'mphezi zamadzuwa.
Ndipo khungu pansi pa malaya ndilakuda, ndipo limawotha bwino, limasungabe kutentha. Miyendo ya mdani ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, kutha ndi miyendo yayikulu. Zovala zamtambo ndizolocha ndi ubweya kuti zisamayendeyende kuzungulira anthu ndipo sizizizira.
Pali nembanemba pakati pa zala, amamuthandiza kusambira. Kutsogolo kwa matako kumakutidwa ndi bristles olimba. Zovala zazikulu zimakhala zobisika pansi pake, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wogwira ndikugwira mpaka mutafika ndi mano anu.
Nsagwada ndizazikulu, zopangidwa bwino, pali mano okwana 42. Mchira wa bere laling'ono ndi laling'ono, kuyambira 7 mpaka 13 cm. Sawoneka pansi pa tsitsi lalitali kumbuyo.
Chilombo chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira ndi kutha. Popeza ndi wachibale wapakati wa chimbalangondo chofiirira, sakhala wamtali kwambiri. Imatha kuthamanga mpaka 6 km pamtunda, kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h, izi zisanachitike, kufunafuna womenyedwayo mofatsa. Imadzuka bwino, amasankha bwino nthawi yoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito kusalinganika kwa nthaka, kuukira modzidzimutsa komanso mwachangu.
Amasambira komanso kusambira bwinobwino. Nditha kusambira pamtunda woyenera, kuthamanga mpaka 7 km / h. Oyendetsa sitima, akuyenda kunyanja zakumpoto, amakumana mobwerezabwereza ndi zimbalangondo posambira munyanja kutali ndi gombe.
Onjezerani kwa izi kulimba mtima kopambana kwa polar mbuye komanso kuzizira koopsa, ndipo zidzawonekeratu chifukwa chake kumpoto konseko anthu onse amaopa mtsogoleri wankhanza uyu. Chingwe chokhachokha, chokhala ndi ma fangali ataliatali, ndicho chimalowa nkhondoyo ndi chimbalangondo chakumpoto. Ndipo mwamunayo, akutenga mfuti, anayimbanso chilombo. Ngakhale, ichi chinali chimodzi mwazifukwa zonyansa zowopsa za nyama yodabwitsa.
Timalingalira achibale apafupi kwambiri a chimbalangondochi kuti ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira, chimbalangondo chakuthwa, chimbalangondo cha Chimalay, chimbalangondo (chakuda), chimbalangondo cha Himalayan ndi panda. Zimbalangondo zonsezi ndizosangalatsa, kukwera bwino, kusambira, kuthamanga kwambiri, zimatha kuyima ndikuyenda kwakanthawi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo.
Zili ndi malaya amtundu wautali, mchira waifupi komanso fungo labwino. Mphuno ndi chiwalo chokhwima kwambiri kwa iwo. Njuchi imodzi ikuluma m'mphuno imatha kutsogolera chilombocho kutulutsa chizimba.
Brown chimbalangondo ndikuyimira odziwika kwambiri pagululi. Anagawidwa m'dera lalikulu kwambiri la Eurasia - kuchokera ku Spain kupita ku Kamchatka, kuchokera ku Lapland kupita ku mapiri a Atlas.
Pali zopatuka pang'ono kuchokera pamtundu wamba (chimbalangondo chofiira, chofufumitsa - Syria), koma ndizochepa. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake ponsepo: yayikulu (mpaka 2m kutalika, kulemera mpaka 300 kg), lolemera, clubfoot. Chovalacho ndi chakuda, chofiirira pakhungu, ndipo mutu ndi wamkulu.
Chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi zoopsa, koma osati zachinyengo. Chikhalidwe cha chirombo ichi chimakhazikika pa kukonda mtendere ndi phlegmatism. Chimbalangondo chasiliva kapena cha imvi chimakhala ku North America. Amamutcha kuti grizzly. Iye ndi wamkulu kuposa mnzake woderapo, wamtali mamita 2.5, wolemera (mpaka 400 makilogalamu) ndipo wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa pamenepo.
Thupi lake lalitali lokhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira lamtundu wakuda, pamphumi yodontha komanso mikono yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba mpaka 12 cm kutalika kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Mosiyana ndi woyamba uja, ndi woipa komanso wachinyengo.
Pali nthano zowopsa zomwe zimamuchitikira. Monga kuti sanachite bwino, mumupweteke kapena ayi. Ndikokwanira kwa iye kuti awone munthu woti amutembedzere. Ndikovuta kwambiri kumubisa, amathamanga kwambiri komanso amasambira bwino kwambiri.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti anthu achi Aborigine aku North America adaona mphamvu ngati mdani kukhala munthu wamkulu kwambiri kuposa munthu aliyense. Omwe adamugonjetsa ndikudzipangira khosi la mafupa ndi mano a chimbalangondo chonyansa adakondwera ndi ulemu waukulu mu fuko.
Wokhala wabwino kwambiri wachibale wamtunduwu, chimbalangondo china chaku America ndi baribal, kapena chimbalangondo chakuda. Ali ndi nkhope yakuthwa, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuposa grizzly, ali ndi mapazi afupi komanso ubweya wolimba wautoto wonyezimira wakuda.
Mmodzi mwa oimira zimbalangondo za ku Asia ndi chimbalangondo cha Himalayan. Achijapani amamutcha Kuma, Amwenye - Balu ndi Zonar. Thupi lake limakhala loonda kuposa la abale ake, chidendene chake chimakhala cholunjika, pamphumi pake ndi mphuno zimapanga mzere wowongoka.
Makutu ndi akulu ndi ozungulira, miyendo ndiyifupi, misomali ndiyifupi, ngakhale yolimba. Ubweya wake ndi wakuda bii, wokhala ndi mzere pachifuwa. Kukula mpaka 1,8 m, ndi zonse pafupifupi 110-115 kg. Imafanana ndi ya bulauni momwe imakhalira, ndikamantha kwambiri.
Chimbalangondo cha Chimalay, kapena Biruang, chimapezeka ku Indochina ndi Great Sunda Islands. Iye ndi wautali, wosadukiza, mutu wake ndi wokulirapo, ndi zokutira, makutu ang'ono ndi maso owala.
Masamba akuluakulu osawerengeka amatha ndi zibwano zamphamvu. Chovalacho ndi chakuda, chokhala ndi mawalo achikasu achikasu pazipukutu ndi pachifuwa. Zochepa kuposa ena, kutalika mpaka 1.5 m, kulemera mpaka 70 kg. Chithandizo chomwe amakonda ndi minda ya kokonati.
Pomaliza, panda ndi chimbalangondo. Ngakhale ena amalimba mtima kumuyika iye pakati pa achichepere. Miyoyo ku China. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda ndi woyera, mabwalo akuda otchuka mozungulira maso. Makutu ndi miyendo yakuda. Imatha kufikira 1.5 m kutalika, ndipo imalemera mpaka 150 makilogalamu. Amakonda kudya mphukira zazing'ono za bamboo. Ndi chizindikiro cha China.
Kufalitsa
Amakhala m'malo ozungulira kumpoto kwa Earth.
Zogawidwa circumpolarly, kumpoto - mpaka 88 ° C. w. , kumwera - kupita ku Newfoundland, kumtunda waukulu - m'chipululu cha Arctic kupita ku tundra zone. Ku Russian Federation, amakhala ku Chukotka Autonomous Region kugombe la Arctic, komanso m'madzi a Chukchi ndi Bering Seas. Chukchi polar chimbalangondo chimaonedwa kukhala chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Kodi chimbalangondochi chimakhala kuti?
Chimbalangondo cha polarchi chimangokhala kumadera a polar a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti nyamayi imakhala kulikonse komwe kulibe chipale chofewa cha Arctic. Zimbalangondo zambiri sizimapitilira madigiri 88 kumpoto chakum'mawa, koma gawo lakugawika kwambiri kumwera ndi chilumba cha Newfoundland, omwe anthu ochepa amakhala pachiwopsezo pamoyo wawo tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyesera kuti agwirizane ndi nyama yomwe imawopsa.
Anthu okhala ku Arctic ndi tundra madera a Russia, Greenland, USA ndi Canada amadziwanso bwino chimbalangondo choyera. Nyama zambiri zimakhala m'malo okhala ndi madzi oundana, osakhalitsa, momwe zimakhalira zambiri zotsekera pansi. Nthawi zambiri, chimbalangondo chimatha kuwoneka pafupi ndi chitsamba chachikulu, pamphepete pomwe chimawombera ndikuyembekeza chidindo kapena ubweya chosindikizira kuchokera pansi.
Ndizosatheka kudziwa malo enieni kumene kanyama kamene amakhala. Zochuluka kwambiri za nyama izi zidatchedwa ndi tsango lawo lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, olusa ambiri amakonda:
- m'mphepete chakum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Kara ndi East Siberian, madzi ozizira a Nyanja ya Laptev, zilumba za Novosibirsk ndi zisumbu za Novaya Zemlya (kuchuluka kwa anthu a Laptev), gombe la Barents, gawo lakumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Kara, dera la Novaya Zemlya, Frans Joseph ndi Svalbard land (Pacific-Barents land , Nyanja ya Chukchi, Nyanja ya Bering kumpoto, kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Yaku Siberiya, Wrangel ndi Herald Islands (anthu a Chukchi-Alaskan).
Mwachindunji ku Arctic, zimbalangondo zoyera ndizosowa, zimakonda nyanja zakummwera komanso zotentha, komwe zimakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Malo omwe amakhala ndi osakanikirana ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi malire a ayezi waku polar. Ngati chilimwe cha Arctic chikokokedwa, ndipo ayeziyo atayamba kusungunuka, ndiye kuti nyamazo zimayandikira mtandawo. Nyengo yachisanu ikayamba, amabwerera kumwera, amakonda magombe okhala pansi ndi nyanja.
Moyo & Habitat
Zimbalangondo zimakhala m'malo a polar a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Amakhala kum'mwera kwa Pacific. Ku Russia, imatha kuwoneka pagombe la Arctic ku Chukotka, pagombe la Chukchi ndi Bering Seas.
Chiwerengero chake cha Chukchi tsopano chimadziwika kuti ndicho chachikulu padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, nthumwi zazikulu kwambiri zimakhala mu Nyanja ya Barents, anthu ochepa amakhala pafupi ndi chilumba cha Spitsbergen. Mukuyembekeza mafunso otheka, tikukudziwitsani kuti chimbalangondo cha polar sichimapezeka ku Antarctica. Dziko lakwawo ndi Arctic.
Mwini wakumpoto amakhala malo pafupi ndi madzi. Ndimatha kusambira paulendo woyenda komanso wopanda nyanja. Zimasunthika kwakanyengo komanso kusintha kwa malire oundana: nyengo yachilimwe imachoka ndi iwo kufupi ndi mtengo, nthawi yozizira imabwelera kumtunda. Chifukwa nthawi yozizira ili pathanthwe pamtunda.
Nthawi zambiri zazikazi zimalowa m'malo obisala, podikirira kubadwa kwa ana. Munthawi imeneyi amayesetsa kuti asasunthe, kuti asavulaze ana amtsogolo. Chifukwa chake hibernation. Zimatenga masiku 80-90. Amuna ndi akazi ena osayembekezera ana amathanso kubisala, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali komanso osati chaka chilichonse.
Chimbalangondo chimasambira bwino kwambiri, ndipo chovala chowala chimakhala chikuteteza kumadzi ozizira. Wosanjikiza wamafuta ochulukirapo amathandizanso kuteteza ku kuzizira. Chilombochi chimabisala mosavuta mu chisanu ndi chipale chofewa, chimagwira nyama pama kilomita angapo, ndizosatheka kuthawa kapena kusambira kuti ichoke.
Alendo oyambilira a polar mobwerezabwereza anachita mantha ndi nthano zaukali wa chirombochi. Iwo ananena kuti sanazengereze kulowa m'madzi omwe anaphwanyidwa mu ayezi kuti apeze chakudya.
Iwo adagwira kampani yonse pamiyala, osawopa konse oyenda. Mobwerezabwereza anaukira ndende zozizira, kuwononga malo oyendayenda, kuthyola denga, kuyesayesa kulowa mkati.
Komabe, nthano zamtsogolo za ofufuza a polar adanenanso modzikuza chilombochi. Ngakhale wopanda chida, munthu amakhoza kufuula mokweza kuti awopseze nyamayo ndikuthawa. Kukhala chete kwa madzi oundana kunamuphunzitsa mantha akulira.
Chilombo chovulala nthawi zonse chimathawa. Amabisa mu chisanu kuti achiritse. Komabe, munthu akaganiza zowukira ana kapena kulowa mkatikati mwa chilombo, amakhala wotsutsa kwambiri. Ndiye ngakhale mfuti siyimamuletsa.
Ndiwanzeru komanso wachidwi, koma osati wamantha. Iwo ati, atakhumudwa pa chimbalangondo choyera, anthu adathawa. Kenako olambawo adayamba kuwathamangitsa. Panjira, adaponya zinthu zawo - zipewa, magolovu, timitengo, china.
Chilombochi chimangoyima nthawi ndi nthawi ndikufufuza zomwe zapezedwa, ndikufufuza chilichonse mwachidwi. Sizinadziwika kuti chimbalangondo chimathamangitsa anthu, kapena ngati chinali ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Zotsatira zake, chinali chifukwa cha chidwi chofuna kubwezeretsa nyama chomwe anthu adatha kuthawa.
Nthawi zambiri, zimbalangondo zimakhala zokha, osapanga magulu akulu abanja. Ngakhale pakukakamizidwa kudzikundikira pakati pawo utsogoleri ndi mwambo amakhazikitsidwa. Wotsogola wamkulu nthawi zonse amakhala wofunikira kwambiri. Ngakhale ali okhulupilika kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kungoyambira tiana tating'ono, zimbalangondo zachikulire nthawi zina zimakhala zoopsa.
Popeza amaberekera ubwana wawo, zimbalangondo za ma polar zimatha kukhala bwinobwino mu ukapolo ndikuzolowera anthu. Amafuna kusamba pafupipafupi, ndibwino kuti azikulowerera m'chipale chofewa. Ponena za chakudya, palibe vuto ndi iwo, popeza amadya chilichonse - nyama, nsomba, ndi uchi. Ndi zimbalangondo zina zogwidwa, ndiwokongola osasamala. Ukalamba amakhala osakwiya kwambiri. Milandu imadziwika kuti adakhalako zaka 25-30 mpaka kuchuluka.
Moyo ndi Zopatsa Thanzi
Chimakhala pachimodzimodzi ndikuyenda pansi panyanja, pomwe imagwiritsa nyama yake yayikulu: zisindikizo zokhala ndi zingwe, kolimba panyanja, walrus ndi nyama zina zam'madzi. Amawagwira, akuwazungulira kuseri kwa zimbudzi, kapena pafupi ndi mabowo: nyama ikangotulutsa mutu m'madzi, chimbalangondo chimaponya nyama yake pachikhatho ndikuchikoka. Nthawi zina imagubuduza ayezi pansi pomwe zisindikizo zili pansi. Walrus amatha kumangoyendetsedwa pamtunda. Nthawi zina imafalikira ndi ma dolphin a beluga omwe asungidwa ndi ayezi mu ayezi. Choyamba, umatha khungu ndi mafuta, mtembo wotsalawo - pokhapokha ngati muli ndi njala yayikulu. Zotsalira za nyama zimadya nkhandwe. Nthawi zina, mumatenga zovunda, mandimu, nsomba zakufa, mazira ndi anapiye, zimatha kudya udzu ndi zamadzi zam'madzi, zimadya m'malo otaya zinyalala m'malo momwe mungakhalire. Milandu yobera anthu m'masitolo azakudya idatchuka. Kuchokera pachilala, chimbalangondo chopanda polandiracho chimalandira vitamini A wambiri, yemwe amadziunjikira m'chiwindi chake.
Zimasunthira kwakunyengo malinga ndi kusintha kwa pachaka kwa malire oundana: nyengo yotentha imayandikira pafupi ndi mtengowo, nthawi yozizira imasunthira kumwera, ndikulowera kudera lina. Ngakhale chimbalangondo cha polar chimasungidwa kwambiri pagombe ndi ayezi, nthawi yozizira imatha kukhala mugombe kumtunda kapena kuzilumba, nthawi zina makilomita 50 kuchokera kunyanja.
Akazi oyembekezera nthawi zambiri amagwera masiku 50-80 masiku. Amphongo achimuna ndi achilimwe amadzisungira kwa nthawi yochepa osati pachaka.
Ngakhale kuchedwa kukubwerera m'mbuyo, zimbalangondo za polar siziyenda mwachangu komanso pamtunda, ndipo zimasambira mosavuta ndikuyamba kulowa m'madzi. Chovala chakuda kwambiri, chofiyira chimateteza thupi la chimbalangondo kuti chisazizidwe komanso kunyowa m'madzi oundana. Udindo wofunikira wosinthika umaseweredwa ndi wosanjikiza wamphamvu wa mafuta onunkhira mpaka 10 cm. Mtundu woyera umathandiza kuteteza zilombozo. Mphamvu ya kununkhiza, kumva komanso kuwona bwino - chimbalangondo chimatha kuwona kuthyolako kwa ma kilometre angapo, chisindikizo chokhala ndi zingwe chimatha kununkhira kwa 800 m, ndipo, ndikakhala pamwamba pa chisa chake, chimamva kugwedeza pang'ono. Malinga ndi maumboni a Deputy Admiral A.F.Smelkov, chimbalangondo chosambira chomwe chathamangitsidwa ndi sitimayi chimatha kuthamanga mpaka mpaka mfundo 3,5 (pafupifupi 6.5 km / h). Kusambira kojambulidwa mojambulidwa kunali 685 km, idanyamulidwa kunyanja ya Beaufort ndi chimbalangondo, kusambira kuchokera ku Alaska kupita kumpoto kuti ikanyamule ayezi kuti asunge zisindikizo. M'masiku ake asanu ndi anayi akusambira, chimbalangondocho chidataya mwana wake wamwamuna wazaka chimodzi ndipo zidataya 20%. Kuyenda kwa nyamayo kumayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito beacon ya GPS yolumikizidwa nayo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Zinyama zokhazokha. Monga lamulo, amakhala mwamtendere mogwirizana, koma zolimba zimachitika pakati pa achimuna panthawi yakukhwima [ gwero silinatchulidwe masiku 1099 ]. Amuna akuluakulu amatha kuukira ana.
Mpikisano kuyambira March mpaka June. Amuna atatu nthawi zambiri amatsatira chachikazi mu estrus. M'mwezi wa Okutobala, akazi amakumba phanga mumphepete mwa chipale chofewa. Zimbalangondo zimakhala ndi malo omwe zimakonda komwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kwambiri tiana, mwachitsanzo, za. Wrangel kapena Franz Josef Land, komwe kuli milu ya 150-200 pachaka chilichonse. Zimbalangondo zimakhala mkati mwa Novembala, pamene gawo lomaliza la mimba limatha. Nthawi yonse yoyembekezera ndi masiku 230-250, ana amaoneka pakati kapena kumapeto kwa dzinja la Arctic. Yaikazi imakhalabe hibernation mpaka Epulo.
Zimbalangondo zam'madzi zokhala ndi kubereka sizitha kubereka nthawi yayitali: zazikazi zimayamba kubereka zokhala ndi zaka 4-8, zimabereka kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse komanso zimakhala ndi ma 1-3 ana mu litala, motero sizibwera ndi ana osaposa 10-15 pa moyo wake. Makanda obadwa kumene alibe thandizo, monga zimbalangondo zonse, ndipo amakhala ndi kulemera kwa 450 mpaka 750 g Patatha miyezi itatu, chachikazi imasiya ndende ndikuyenda mozungulira. Ana ake amakhala naye mpaka zaka 1.5, nthawi yonseyi chimbalangondo chimawadyetsa mkaka. Kufa pakati pa ana akufikira 10-30%.
Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 25-30, ukapolo mbiri ya moyo wautali ndi zaka 45. Zimbalangondo zokhala polar zimatha kuphatikiza ndi zofiirira ndikupereka chonde (chitha kubereka ana) hybrids - ma polar grizzlies.
Mtengo wachuma
Anthu okhala ku Arctic, mwachitsanzo, Eskimos, amatenga chimbalangondo chifukwa cha khungu ndi nyama. Ku Russia, kusaka iye kuletsedwa kwathunthu kuyambira 1956, m'maiko ena (USA, Canada ndi Greenland) ndi ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama za mitengo yonyamula polar kudera lonse la Canada ku Nunavut zinali motere: 2000-2001 - 395, 2001-2002 - 408, 2002-2003 - 392, 2003-2004 - 398, 2004-2005 - 507 anthu .
Mkhalidwe Wopezekera ndi Chitetezo
Chimbalangondo cha polar chimalembedwa mu International Red Book komanso mu Red Book of Russia. Kuswana pang'onopang'ono komanso kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono kumapangitsa kuti nyama iyi ikhale pachiwopsezo mosavuta.
Kuyambira 1957, malinga ndi lamulo la Council of Ministers of RSFSR, kuletsa kupanga zimbalangondo kunayambitsidwa. Pachilumba cha Wrangel mu 1960, malo adapangidwa, napangidwanso mu 1976 kukhala Wrangel Island State Reserve.
Mu 2014, anthu (padziko lapansi) anali pafupifupi anthu 20,000-25,000.
Mu 2008, mothandizidwa ndi Boma la Russia, ntchito idayamba pamapulogalamu angapo okhudzana ndikuphunzira nyama zosowa komanso zofunika kwambiri ku Russia, kuphatikizapo pulogalamu ya Polar Bear. Kuyambira 2010, ntchitoyi yathandizidwa ndi Russian Geographical Society.
Ku Russia, kumakhala zimbalangondo zazitali ma 5,000, ndipo kuwombera kwapachaka komweko kumachokera kwa anthu 150 mpaka 200. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa anthu ku Dixon, kuthamangitsidwa kwa chimbalangondo cha polar kumachepetsedwa pang'ono. M'nthawi ya Pleistocene, zaka pafupifupi 100,000 zapitazo, mitundu ikuluikulu ya chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri inkakhala, yomwe inali yokulirapo.
Mu 2013, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo ku Russia kunkakhala anthu pafupifupi 5-6,000. Pambuyo pa 2018, akukonzekera kuchita zowerengera zonse za zimbalangondo ku polar ku Russia.
Kuukira anthu
Zovuta zakuwombera kwa ma polar kwa anthu ndizodziwika kuchokera zolemba ndi malipoti aomwe akuyenda. Chifukwa chake, omwe anali nawo paulendo wapa polar wa oyendetsa ndege achi Dutch, Willem Barents, panthawi yachisanu ku Novaya Zemlya mu Novembala 1596 - Meyi 1597, adakakamizidwa mobwerezabwereza kuti amenyane ndi zisoti za musket zomwe zikuwukira.
Kusunthira m'malo omwe kuli chiopsezo cha chimbalangondo, ndikofunikira mosamala. M'malo okhala oterowo pakhale zotaya zochepa monga momwe kungathekere ndi zinyalala za chakudya zosavuta zomwe zimakopa zimbalangondo.
Mumzinda wa Churchill m'chigawo cha Canada ku Manitoba, komwe kumakhala zimbalangondo zambiri, kuli ndende ina yapadera yosungirako zimbalangondo kwakanthawi kofikira mzindawo ndikuwopseza nzika zake.
Pa chikhalidwe
Monga chilombo chachikulu komanso champhamvu, chomwe nthawi zina chimakhala chowopsa kwa anthu, zimbalangondo za polar zakhala zikulemekezedwa kwa anthu wamba pakati pa nzika zakumpoto.Mu ntchito za ukadaulo wa Chukchi - zaluso yosema pamafupa ndi ma walrus - imodzi mwa nkhani zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi masewera andewu a katswiri wa zigatyr umka.
Mu nthano ndi miyambo ya a Eskimos, chimbalangondo nanook Ndiwo kufanana kwa mphamvu zachilengedwe zoopsa, polimbana ndi momwe mlenje wamwamuna amakulira, kuyambika kwake kumachitika. Lingaliro la Eskimos lokhudza chimbalangondo cha polar linawonetsedwa mu nkhani ya wolemba waku America a Jack London, "The Legend of Kish."
M'nkhani ya Leah Geraskina "M'dziko la maphunziro osaphunzira," chimbalangondo cha polar chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Adataya North Pole chifukwa a Vitya Perestukin molakwika adatcha madera a nyengo. Kumapeto, Vitya atatchula mayina a nyengo, chimbalangondo chidabwerera ku North Pole.
Buku la nthano zopeka za sayansi la a Dan Simmons, Terror, lomwe lidasindikizidwa ku USA mu 2007, lomatizika ndi tsoka lakuthamangitsidwa kwaulere kwa a John Franklin (1845-1848), limafotokoza za nthano zopeka za Eskimo mokongola Tuunbak - chimbalangondo chachikulu cha cannibal chotalika mita 4 ndi kupitirira tani.
Manambala
- Chimbalangondo chachikulu chokulirapo pamadzi oundana oyandama chikuwonetsedwa kumbuyo kwa ndalama ya ku Canada m'mipingo ya $ 2. (ndalamayo yakhala ikutuluka kuyambira pa February 19, 1996 mpaka pano).
- Chithunzi cha chimbalangondo chachikulu cha polar pamadzi oyandama oyandama chinali pomwepo pa imodzi mwamagawo amakumbukidwe azandalama aku US omwe amaperekedwa ku dziko la Alaska. Komabe, polojekitiyo yomwe ili ngati chithunzi cha munthu wogwidwa kwambiri ndi nsomba adayipeza (ndalamayo yakhala ikutuluka kuyambira pa Ogasiti 23, 2008 mpaka pano).
- Chithunzi cha chimbalangondo cha polar ndi chimbalangondo teddy chimapezeka pazandalama za ma euro 5 (ndalama zamkuwa ndi siliva). Ndalama mu 2014 zidaperekedwa ndi Austint Mint.
"Umka" ku Chukchi amatanthauza chimbalangondo, kapena, makamaka "chimbalangondo chachimuna chachikulire"
Cinema
- Umka (woyera teddy chimbalangondo) - mawonekedwe a makanema ojambula Umka, Umka akufuna mnzake, ndi Umka pa mtengo wa Khrisimasi. Amawonekanso m'makoponi "Elka ndi Star Postman" ndi "Elka", wokhala ngati mnzake komanso agogo a protagonist.
- Elka - chimbalangondo choyera cha teddy, mawonekedwe a makanema ojambula "Elka ndi Star Postman" ndi "Elka", mdzukulu wa Umka.
- Mtambo Woyera (chimbalangondo choyera) mu zojambula "Mi-mi-mi-bears." Koyambira ku North Pole. Wanzeru, wololera, amakonda zachilengedwe ndipo amasamalira chisamaliro chake.
- Polar Bear ndiye munthu wofunikira kwambiri mu 1998 Cartoon Cartoon Bear, kutengera buku la ana a Raymond Briggs la dzina lomweli.
- Mu katoto "M'dziko Lopanda Maphunziro," chimbalangondo chowonekera chikuwoneka. Monga m'nkhaniyi, adataya North Pole. Koma ngati mu nkhani chimbalangondo chikuwonekera mobwerezabwereza, ndiye kuti mu katuniyo amawonekera kamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mu kathathu, chimbalangondo sichibwerera ku North Pole.
- Yorek Birnison ndi chimbalangondo chonyamula ma polar kuchokera ku kanema The Golden Compass, chojambulidwa zochokera ku Phil Pulman trilogy Mdima Woyambira.
- Bernard - chimbalangondo cha polar, mawonekedwe a mndandanda wazithunzi "Bernard".
- Choyera (Ice chimbalangondo) - mawonekedwe a mndandanda wazithunzi Choonadi chonse chokhudza zimbalangondo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Chimbalangondochinyamawobadwira kusaka. Chilichonse ndichothandiza - komanso zimagwira pakatipa posambira, komanso fungo labwino, masomphenya akuthwa, komanso kumva kwabwino. Amathamanga, kudumpha, kusambira, kudzipulumutsa. Udindo wake ngati mlenje ndi wachiwiri kwa palibe Kumpoto.
Cholengedwa chilichonse chowoneka chitha kukhala nyama yake. Amasaka pamtunda ndi m'madzi, amadya nyama ndi nsomba. Amakonda nyama - chisindikizo ndi hare. Amatha kuwanunkhiza kudzera mu kuyera kwa ayeziyo, kenako ndikutchinjiriza dzenje. Kapenanso muukire m'madzi. Amapha nyama, kenako nkuyamba kuyamwa khungu ndi mafuta. Ili ndiye gawo lokhazikika la thupi la nyama.
Samadya nyama yatsopano, amakonzekera nthawi yanjala. Zakudya zotere zimawathandiza kudziunjikira vitamini A kuti apulumuke nthawi yozizira komanso yozizira. Zisindikizo, zingwe zazing'ono, ma belugas, ma narwhals, nsomba zimatha kukhala zovuta kwa mlenje. Ali pamtunda, amatha kugwira nkhandwe, nkhandwe, nkhandwe.
Nthawi zina, pansi pa chipale chofewa, amakumba mizu kuti asiyanitse zakudya zama protein. Kuti akwane, amafunikira chakudya chokwanira 7 kg. Wodwala angathe kukhala ndi kilogalamu yoposa 15.
Ngati wozunzidwayo wakwanitsa kuthawa kwa iye, ndipo alibe mphamvu yakusaka kwatsopano, ndiye kuti nsomba, carrion, mazira a mbalame, ndi anapiye amapita kukadya. Ndi nthawi yakukakamizidwa kumenya nkhondo komwe amakhala mowopsa. Amatha kuyendayenda kunja kwa malo okhala anthu, kumakwawa kutaya zinyalala, ngakhale kumenya munthu.
Samanyalanyaza algae ndi udzu, kuthera nthawi yayitali mafuta. Awa makamaka miyezi ya chilimwe, pafupifupi masiku 120. Zomwe nyama imadya pakadali pano - sizimangobwereketsa pagulu. Amadya pafupifupi chilichonse.
Mwachilengedwe, nyama ili ndi adani ochepa. Ma walrons achikulire okha omwe amatha kusangalatsa iye ndi ma fang. Ndipo tiana tating'ono tingathe kuvutika ndi gulu la mimbulu kapena agalu. Ngozi yayikulu kwa iye inali kukhalabe bambo. Achifwamba amupha chifukwa chobisala komanso nyama yambiri.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Zamoyo zokhwima kuti zikhale ndi banja zaka 4. Akazi okhwima kale kuposa amuna chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumapeto kwa March ndipo imatha mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Chimbalangondo chimodzi chimatha kutumizidwa ndi anthu angapo omwe amafunsira. Pakadali pano, kulimbana kwakukuru kwa chikondi kumabuka pakati pawo. Ngakhale ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kuvutika ngati agwera m'munda wachita chibwenzi.
Zimbalangondo zimabereka ana pafupifupi masiku 250, pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Mimba imachedwetsedwa ndi mluza. Mayi woyembekezera ayenera kukonzekera bwino kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndikukhala nthawi yayitali.
Kwina kumapeto kwa Okutobala, amakonzekeretsa zovala zake. Ambiri amakumba phanga lawo pafupi ndi omwe adamangidwa kale. Kenako amagona. Ndipo pakati pa Novembala, kukula kwa mluza kumayamba.
Pakati pa Epulo, mkaziyo amadzuka, ndipo ana obala 1-3 amabadwa. Zochepa kwambiri, chilichonse chimalemera pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu. Amabadwa akhungu, maso awoatseguka pakatha mwezi umodzi. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi ubweya wochepa thupi, wosalala, womwe suwapulumutsa kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, chimbalangondo, osachoka kulikonse, chimawotha ndi kutentha kwake kwa milungu yoyamba.
Pakupita miyezi iwiri, amayamba kukwawa kukuwala, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amachoka. Komabe, samapita kutali ndi amayi, pamene akupitiliza kudya mkaka. Nyumba yawo yolumikizana imatha zaka 1.5. Amakhala osatetezeka kwambiri nthawi imeneyi kwa adani. Kholo lokalamba lokha ndi lomwe lingawateteze.
Mimba yatsopano imatha kupezeka mwa iwo atakula. Kapena akamwalira. Chifukwa chake, amabereka ana osaposanso kamodzi pakapita zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kubereka ana pafupifupi 15 mu moyo wake wonse.
Zimbalangondo zokhala ndi moyo zimakhala kuthengo zaka pafupifupi 20. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira m'mawere chimakhala chofika chaka chimodzi. Pafupifupi 10-30% ya zimbalangondo zing'onozing'ono zimafa ndi adani ena komanso ozizira panthawiyi. Ali mu ukapolo, nyama izi zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi zaka 25-30. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri idalembedwa mu Detroit Zoo. Mkaziyo anali wazaka 45.
Chifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo cha polar "choyera"
Kholo lililonse posachedwa limva funso kuchokera kwa "mwana" wake. Kapena mphunzitsi wa biology kusukulu. Zonse ndi za kupaka tsitsi la chirombo ichi. Iye kulibe. Tsitsi lenilenilo ndizowoneka momasuka.
Amawonetsa bwino dzuwa, kukulitsa mtundu woyera. Koma izi sizinthu zonse zomwe zimavala malaya ovala polar. M'chilimwe, limasanduka chikasu padzuwa. Itha kukhala wobiriwira kuchokera kumtundu waung'ono womwe umatsekera pakati pa villi. Chovalacho chimatha kukhala chamtundu wamtambo, chofiirira kapena chamtundu wina kutengera nyengo ya chimbalangondo.
Ndipo nthawi yozizira imakhala ngati kristalo, yoyera. Ichi ndi gawo lodzilekanitsa la chilombo komanso chobisika kwambiri. Mwambiri, utoto wa chovalacho unasinthika pakapita nthawi, ndikusintha malinga ndi moyo.
Mwa zina, khungu la chilombo limakhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino yolimbikitsa kutentha. Amavomereza ndipo salola kutentha. Ndipo ngati chimbalangondo chimatenga ubweya, "mabango", sichowonekera kokha kumaso, komanso umisiri, mwachitsanzo, owotchera mafuta.
Chifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo cha polar chimalembedwa mu Red Book
Chidyamakoko chimakhala ndi tsitsi lokongola komanso ili ndi nyama yambiri. Awa ndi malingaliro okwiya komanso osavutikira aazitape omwe adawombera chilombo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa anthu kunathandizira kutentha kwanyengo ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Malinga ndi asayansi, dera lophimba ayezi lidachepetsedwa ndi 25%, madzi oundana akusungunuka mwachangu.
Dera la m'madzi limadetsedwa ndi zinthu zovulaza komanso zinyalala. Ndipo chimbalangondo chathu chimakhala ndi chaka choposa chaka chimodzi, chimadziwika kuti chimakhala nyama yolusa kwa nthawi yayitali. Munthawi imeneyi, amadzaza poizoni wambiri ndi anthropogens m'thupi lake. Izi zidachepetsa kwambiri mwayi woti kubereka.
Tsopano padziko lapansi pali kuchokera 22 mpaka 31,000 a nyama yabwino awa. Ndipo malinga ndi kulosera, podzafika 2050 chiwerengerocho chitha kuchepa ndi 30% ina. Pambuyo pa chidziwitsochi palibe mafunso chifukwa chimbalangondo cha polar adalowetsedwa mu Red Book.Kubweretsa zimbalangondo polar ku Arctic yaku Russia zaletsedwa kuyambira 1956.
Mu 1973, mayiko a ku Arctic basin adasaina mgwirizano pakusunga chimbalangondo. Dziko lathu limateteza nyama zodya ziwopsezozi ngati zachilengedwe zomwe zikuwopsezedwa kuchokera ku Mndandanda wa International Union for Conservation of Natural (International Red Book) komanso kuchokera ku Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Kufotokozera kwa Polar Bear
Zimbalangondo zomwe zimatchulidwa pansipa ndi zolengedwa zazikulu kwambiri zachilengedwe padziko lapansi. Amakhala ndi mwayi wofanana ndi kholo lawo lakutali, lomwe linatha zaka masauzande zapitazo. Chimbalangondo chachikulu cha polar chinali chotalika pafupifupi mikono 4, kulemera pafupifupi matani 1.2.
Chimbalangondo cha polar chamakono, chonsecho komanso kukula kwake, ndichoperewera kwa icho. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa chimbalangondo choyera sikokwanira kupitirira 3 mita ndi kulemera kwa thupi mpaka 1 toni. Kulemera kwamphongo kwamtundu wa amuna sikudutsa kilogalamu 500, zazikazi zimalemera kilogalamu 200-350. Kukula kwa nyama yachikulire pakufota kumangokhala mamita 1,2-1,5, pomwe chimbalangondo chachikulucho chimafikira kutalika kwa 2-2,5 metres.
Kodi chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polala chimadya chiyani?
Chakudya chachikulu cha chimbalangondo chomwe chili ndi polar chimaphatikizapo zisindikizo. Zimbalangondo zimasaka zokha. Kudzera dzenje mu ayezi, iwo, ngati azondi, amalowa pafupi ndi womenyedwayo, amene amapumula mosasangalatsa pa ayezi. Pakusaka kotere, chikhalidwe cha chimbalangondo chitha kufananizidwa ndi nthambo, monga mwachitsanzo mkango kapena kambuku. Pobisala kumbuyo kwa ayezi, chimbalangondocho chimayandikira kuyandikira nyama, ndipo mtundawo ukakhala waufupi - masitepe angapo akuluakulu amalekanitsa mdani ndi nyama. Zimbalangondo za polar ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo kuwomba kamodzi kumakhala kokwanira kupha yemwe akuzunzidwayo.
Chifukwa cha ubweya wonenepa kwambiri, zimbalangondo za polar sizimazizira ku Arctic.
M'chilimwe, menyu a chimbalangondo chimapangidwanso ndi zipatso, mbewa ndi mbewu zina zomwe zikupezeka panthawiyi. Samanyalanyaza mtembo ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenda mphepete mwa nyanja kukafunafuna nyama zakufa.
Mverani mawu a chimbalangondo
Kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo kwachepa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kusaka kwawo pakali pano kuli malire. M'mayiko onse momwe nyama zodabwitsazi zimakhala, pali pulogalamu yoteteza zimbalangondo. Chaka chilichonse, Eskimos amapha zimbalangondo zochepa, makamaka chifukwa cha ubweya wawo komanso mafuta opatsa thanzi.
Chimbalangondo polowera sichiri nyama yofewa komanso yotentha.
Miyeso ndi kukula kwa chimbalangondo
Amuna ambiri achikulire amalemera kuyambira 300 mpaka 800 makilogalamu (komanso kupitirira dontho limodzi!) Ndipo amatalika kutalika kwa 2.4-3.0 m. Kutalika kwa chimbalangondo champhongo wamwamuna wamkulu kumafika pa 1,3 mpaka 1.5. Ngati mdani wamkuluyo waimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndiye kuti ifika pa 3.4. m. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala theka ndipo amalemera pakati pa 150-300 kg. ndi 1.9-2.1 m kutalika. Pambuyo pobadwa, ana aang'ono amalemera magalamu 600-700 okha.
Chimbalangondo
Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri cha polar chinali cholemera kuposa tani. Mwamuna wamtunduwu adagwidwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Alaska mu 1960. Kulemera kwa nyamayo kunali 1002 kg.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo kumapezeka anthu 20-25 miliyoni.
Kodi mukudziwa kuti…
- Chimbalangondochi chimakhala chodabwitsa pamalo oterera osalala. Amagona pamimba pake ndikugudubuza, pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yake yakumbuyo kuti athyole pa nthawi yake.
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/4067/beliy-medved-tsar-8C50E2.jpg)
- Bear mkaka umakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ana amakula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo mwina samawuma konse.
- Nyamazi ndizosambira komanso kusambira kosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatha kupirira mpaka mphindi ziwiri pansi pamadzi.
- Zimbalangondo za Polar zimakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Amatha kununkhiza ngakhale pansi pa madzi oundana.
- Izi zimatha kufulumira mpaka 40 km / h
- Teddy chimbalangondo pakubadwa sichinonso kuposa makoswe achikulire.
- Khungu la chimbalangondo chakunyumba ndilakuda kwathunthu, mosiyana ndi ubweya wake woyera kapena wachikasu.
- Tsitsi la chimbalangondo limasanduka chikaso ndi ukalamba.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Kodi maloto a chimbalangondo ndi chiyani
Zingakhale zachilendo ngati pankhani ya chimbalangondo choyera, sitinagwirizane ndi kufunikira kwake m'maloto athu. Ayi konse. Pafupifupi mabuku onse amaloto odziwika bwino, munthu amatha kuwerenga zomwe loto lamaloto limalota. Ena amawona mawonekedwe ake m'maloto kukhala abwino komanso olonjeza zabwino, ena amalangiza kukonzekera zovuta pambuyo pake.
Mwachitsanzo, buku lamaloto la Miller likuti chimbalangondo chomwe chili mumaloto chimakhala ndi chisankho chachikulu cha moyo. Ngati chimbalangondo chikuukira m'maloto, chenjerani ndi adani m'moyo. Chimbalangondo choyandama pamadzi oundana chimakuchenjezani zachinyengo.
Ndipo kuwona chimbalangondo chikudya chidindo kumatanthauza kuti muyenera kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa. Ngati mukukhazikika pakhungu la chimbalangondo - mutha kuthana ndi mavuto zenizeni. Onani chimbalangondo cha polar - zikutanthauza kuti posachedwa amayembekeza ukwati ndi phindu lachuma.
Malinga ndi Freud, kusaka chimbalangondo cha polar kumaloto kumatanthauza kuti muyenera kuchepetsa kukwiya komanso kufunafuna kosafunikira pamoyo wanu. Ndipo malinga ndi Aesop, wolosera uja amalota zonse zabwino komanso mwankhanza. Simungathe kulimbana naye m'maloto, apo ayi simungalephere. Komabe, ngati mukuyerekeza kuti wamwalira mukakumana naye, ndiye kuti mutha kutuluka mosavuta m'mavuto osasangalatsa.
Kugona chimbalangondo zikutanthauza kuti mavuto anu angakusiyeni nokha kwakanthawi kochepa. Mulimonsemo, zimakhala bwino kwambiri ngati chimbalangondo chathu chikulota ndi munthu amene amaganiza za tsogolo lake labwino ndipo zitha kumuthandiza kuti apulumuke.
Ubweya, mawonekedwe a thunthu ndi mutu
Thupi lonse la chimbalangondo choyera limakutidwa ndi ubweya, lomwe limateteza ku chisanu champhamvu ndipo limakupatsani mwayi kuti muzimva bwino ngakhale mumadzi oundana. Mapiritsi a mphuno ndi paw paw okha ndi omwe amakanidwa chophimba cha ubweya. Mtundu wa chovala cha ubweya ukhoza kukhala woyera, wachikasu komanso wobiriwira.
Kuyang'anitsa ubweya kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi radiation ya ultraviolet, yomwe imapatsa mphamvu yotentha komanso imalepheretsa nyama kuti isazizidwe. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yobiriwira ndi mtundu wa microscopic ala omwe amamera mkati mwa tsitsi.
M'malo mwake, tsitsi la nyama limaletsedwa kutulutsa khungu, ndilopanda maonekedwe, tsitsilo limakhala lopanda, lakuthwa, louma, lomwe limakhala patali kwambiri. Pali undercoat yopangidwa bwino pansi pake yomwe khungu lakuda lomwe limakhala ndi masentimita 10 amafuta limapezeka.
Mtundu wa chovala choyera ndi choyenera kubisa nyama. Sizivuta kuti ngakhale msaki waluso kudziwa chimbalangondo chobisika, koma zisindikizo ndi maulalo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi chinyengo komanso nkhanza zankhanzazi.
Kapangidwe ka thupi, mutu ndi miyendo
Mosiyana ndi chimbalangondo chonyansa, khosi la chimbalangondo ndilolowera, mutu wake ndi lathyathyathya, mbali yake yakumaso ndi yayitali, makutu ake ndi ang'ono komanso ozungulira.
Nyamazi ndizosambira zaluso, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa chifukwa cha kupezeka pakati pa zala zakumaso ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi komwe chimbalangondo chimakhala nthawi yayitali chaka. Panthawi yosambira, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa chimbalangondo cha polar, chifukwa cha zimagwira, zimatha kugwiranso ntchito ngakhale nyama yothamanga kwambiri.
Miyendo ya mdani ndi mzati, kutha ndi miyendo yamphamvu. Tsitsi lamapazi limakutidwa ndi ubweya, lomwe limatiteteza ku chisanu ndi kuzizira.Mbali zakutsogolo za paws zimakutidwa ndi zitsamba zolimba, pomwe zibowo zakuthwa zimabisidwa, kulola kusunga nyama kwa nthawi yayitali. Atagwira nyama ndi zibwano zake, nyama yolusa imagwiritsa ntchito mano ake. Nsagwada zake ndi zamphamvu, zinsalu ndi ma fangala zimapangidwa bwino. Chinyama chathanzi chimakhala ndi mano okwana 42, osatulutsa nkhope.
Oimira onse amtunduwu ali ndi mchira; chimbalangondo cha polar sichimasiyananso ndi izi. Mchira wake ndi wocheperako, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 13, amataika motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa tsitsi lalitali lakumbuyo chakumbuyo.
Kupirira
Chimbalangondo cha polar ndi nyama yolimba kwambiri, ngakhale kuoneka kuti siikuwoneka bwino, imatha kuthana ndi makilomita 5.6 pa ola limodzi pamtunda mpaka ma kilomita 7 pa ola limodzi ndi madzi. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa nyama yolusa ndi makilomita 40 pa ola limodzi.
Zimbalangondo zam'mapiri zimamva ndikuwona bwino, ndipo kununkhira kwabwino kumakupatsani mwayi wofungolera nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi kuchokera pamenepo. Nyama imatha kudziwa chisindikizo chobisalira pansi pamitambo yayitali, kapena kubisala pansi pa chitsamba chowawa, ngakhale itakhala pakuya kupitirira mita imodzi.
Kodi chimbalangondo cha polar chimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Zosadabwitsa kuti, ali mu ukapolo, zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala motalika kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Kutalika kwa zaka zomwe munthu amakhala pamenepa sikupitirira zaka 20-30, pomwe wokhala kumalo osungira nyama amatha kukhala ndi zaka zopitilira 45-50. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kufinya kwamiyala, kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana pachaka komanso kuthana ndi nyama zomwe zimalusa.
Ku Russia, kusaka chimbalangondo cha polar ndikoletsedwa, koma m'maiko ena pali zoletsa zochepa pa izi, kulola kupha anthu osapitilira mazana angapo pachaka. Nthawi zambiri, kusaka koteroko sikungagwirizane ndi zosowa zenizeni za nyama ndi zikopa, chifukwa chake ndichowoneka bwino kuti chilombo chabwino komanso champhamvu ichi.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chimbalangondo cha polar chimawoneka ngati chilombo chankhanza chomwe chimazunza ngakhale anthu. Nyama imakonda kukhala payokha, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhalira pamodzi pakukhazikika. Nthawi yonseyi, zimbalangondo zimangoyenda zokha mdera lawo zomwe zigonjetsedwa ndi abale awo, ndipo izi sizingagwire ntchito kwa amuna okhaokha, komanso kwa akazi omwe ali ndi ana obadwa kumene.
Kubala zimbalangondo, kusamalira ana
Poyerekeza wina ndi mnzake, zimbalangondo za polar zimakhala mwamtendere, kumenyanirana kambiri kumachitika pakati pa amuna nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, si nyama zazikulu zokha zomwe zimatha kuvutika, komanso ma cubs omwe amalepheretsa mkazi kutenga nawo mbali pamasewera akukhwima.
Nyamazo zimakhwima pofika zaka 4 kapena 8, pomwe zazikazi ndizokonzeka kubereka ana zaka 1-2 m'mbuyomu kuposa zazimuna.
Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Mkazi m'modzi amathamangitsidwa ndi amuna 7. Kubala kumatenga masiku osachepera 250, omwe akufanana ndi miyezi 8. Mimba imayamba ndi gawo lolowera, lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kukhazikika kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa osati ndi thupi la nyama, komanso momwe malo ake amakhalira. Yaikazi imayenera kukonzekera chitukuko cha fetal ndi hibernation yayitali. Kumapeto kwa Okutobala, amayamba kupangira khola lake, ndipo pazifukwa izi nthawi zina amapambana ma kilomita mazana. Akazi ambiri amakumba nyumba zapafupifupi pafupi ndi nyumba zomwe zilipo kale. Chifukwa chake, pamafupa a Wrangel ndi Franz Joseph palinso mauna osachepera 150.
Kukula kwa mluza kumayamba pakati pa Novembala, pomwe wamkazi wagona kale. Kutentha kwake kumatha mu Epulo ndipo pafupifupi nthawi imodzimodzi, ana 1-3 amaonekera m'khomalo, kuyambira kulemera 450 mpaka 700 gramu iliyonse. Kupatulako ndiko kubadwa kwa ana a 4. Anawo amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wochepa thupi, womwe sunautchinjiriza ku kuzizira, chifukwa m'masabata oyamba amoyo wawo wamkazi samachoka kuphanga, akuthandizira kukhalapo kwake chifukwa cha mafuta ochulukirapo.
Ana obadwa kumene amadya mkaka wa m'mawere okha. Samatsegula maso awo nthawi yomweyo, koma patatha mwezi umodzi atabadwa. Makanda a miyezi isanu ndi iwiri amayamba kukwawa, kuti akafika miyezi itatu amangochisiya. Nthawi yomweyo, amapitilizabe kudya mkaka ndipo amayandikana ndi wamkazi mpaka atafika zaka 1.5. Ana aang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda thandizo, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amasanduka nyama zazikulu zomwe amadya. Imfa pakati pa zimbalangondo zosakwana zaka zakubadwa 1 zatsala 10-30%.
Mimba yatsopano mwa mkazi imachitika pokhapokha ngati mwana wamwalirayo atafa, kapena kuti atakula, ndiye kuti palibe nthawi yoposa 1 mu zaka 2-3. Pafupifupi, mwana wosaposa 15 amabadwa kuchokera kwa mayi m'moyo wake wonse, theka limamwalira.
Kusaka
Chimbalangondo chimathamangitsa nyama kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina chimayima kwa maola ambiri pafupi ndi dzenjelo poyembekezera chidindo chomwe chimatulukira kuti ipume. Mutu wa wovutikayo ukangokhala pamwamba pamadzi, wolumirayo amadzigwetsa pansi. Nyama yododometsa, imagwiritsika m'manja mwake ndikukoka kumtunda. Kuti achulukitse mwayi wake wogwira, chimbalangondo chimakulitsa malire a chowawa ndipo pafupifupi chimamiza mutu wake m'madzi kuti chitha kuwoneka ngati nyama.
Zisindikizo sizingakhale nthawi yayitali m'madzi, nthawi zina zimafunika kupuma, zomwe ndi zimbalangondo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito. Tazindikira chisindikizo choyenera, chimbalangondo chimasambira ndi kutembenuka pamwamba pa madzi oundana. Tsoka la chisindikizo ndi lingaliro lakutsogolo. Ngati walrus adalanda chimbalangondo, ndiye kuti zonse sizophweka. Ma Walruse ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu mwanjira ya ma fangs akutsogolo, omwe amatha kubaya mosavuta wosewera wopanda chidwi. Walrus wachikulire amathanso kukhala wamphamvu kuposa chimbalangondo, makamaka ngati ali mwana ndipo alibe nzeru zokwanira mu nkhondo zotere.
Ndi malingaliro awa, zimbalangondo zimangogunda okhawo ofooka, kapena achichepere achichepere, kumangochita kumtunda. Nyamayo imayang'aniridwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chimbalangondo chimayenda mtunda wautali kwambiri, pambuyo pake chimadumphira ndikutsamira kwa wozunzayo ndi kulemera kwake konse.
Ndani chimbalangondo cha polar chimamuopa ndani?
M'malo achilengedwe, chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi adani ochepa. Ngati chiweto chavulala kapena kudwala, ndiye kuti ma walrus, anamgumi wopha, mimbulu, nkhandwe za arctic ndipo ngakhale agalu amatha kuzithana nawo. Chimbalangondo chathanzi chimakhala chachikulu kuposa ena onse omwe adatchulidwa ndipo chimatha kupirira mosavuta ngakhale ndi otsutsa angapo omwe adazunza anthu wamba. Chilombo chodwala chimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakonda kupewa nkhondo, kupumula kuphanga.
Nthawi zina nyama ya mimbulu ndi agalu imakhala ana aang'ono, omwe amayi awo ankawasaka, kapena kuwayang'anira mosazindikira. Osaka nyama omwe akufuna kupha nyamayo kuti apeze chikopa chake chambiri komanso nyama yambiri imawopseza moyo wa chimbalangondo.
Zomangira zabanja
Zimbalangondo zimapezeka koyamba padziko lapansi zaka pafupifupi 5 miliyoni zapitazo. Koma chimbalangondo cha polar sichinadzilekanitsidwe ndi makolo ake a bulauni zaka zopitilira 600 zapitazo, ndipo chimbalangondo chofiirira wamba chimakhalabe chibale chake chapafupi.
Zimbalangondo zonse za Polar ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira ndizofanana pamtunduwu, chifukwa cha kudutsa, mwana wabwino kwambiri amapezeka, yemwe pambuyo pake amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira nyama zazing'ono. Zimbalangondo zakuda ndi zoyera mwachilengedwe sizidzabadwa, koma achichepere adzalandira zabwino zonse za anthu onse.
Nthawi yomweyo, zimbalangondo zokhala ndi ma polar ndi zofiirira zimakhala munjira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, zomwe zidakhudza mapangidwe a anthu angapo a phenotypic mwa iwo, komanso kusiyana kwa kadyedwe, kakhalidwe ndi moyo wawo. Kupezeka kwa kusiyana kwakukulu pazonse pamwambapa kunapangitsa kuti gulu la bulauni, kapena grizzly, likhale monga mtundu wina.
Chimbalangondo cha Polar ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira: Kufotokozera kofanizira
Chimbalangondo chomwe chili ndi polar komanso chimbalangondo chofiirira chili ndi zinthu zingapo zosiyana, zomwe zimayambira pansi mpaka zotsatirazi:
Chimbalangondo kapena umka | Chimbalangondo chakuda | |
Kutalika | Osachepera 3 metres | 2-2,5 mita |
Unyamata | 1-1.2 matani | Kufikira 750 kilogalamu |
Masanjidwe | Ziribe zotero | Chimbalangondo chofiirira chimakhala ndi magulu ambiri amtundu womwe adafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. |
Makhalidwe | Khosi lalitali, lalifupi pakati. | Makosi amtundu komanso wamfupi, mutu wokulirapo. |
Habitat | Malire akum'mwera a chimbalangala cha polar ndi tundra. | Zimbalangondo za brown zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka posankha zigawo zakumwera. Malire a malo awo kumpoto ndiwo malire akumwera a tundra. |
Zakudya zomwe amakonda | Chimbalangondo cholowera chakudya chimadya nyama ndi nsomba. | Kuphatikiza pa nyama, chimbalangondo chofiirira chimadya zipatso, mtedza, ndi mphutsi zosafunikira. |
Nthawi yopumira | Hibernation sichidutsa masiku 80. Amayi ambiri oyembekezera amapita kutchuthi. | Kutalika kwa hibernation kumachokera masiku 75 mpaka 195, kutengera gawo la nyama. |
Rut | Marichi-Juni | Meyi - Julayi |
Progeny | Osapitirira 3 cubs, nthawi zambiri 1-2 wobadwa mwatsopano mu zinyalala. | Ana 2-3 obadwa, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kufika 4-5. |
Onsewo chimbalangondo chokhala ndi polala komanso chimbalangondo chofiirira ndizizilombo zowopsa, zomwe zimabweretsa mafunso ovomerezeka pokhudza ndani yemwe ali wamphamvu pankhondo, chimbalangondo kapena polimbira? Ndikosatheka kuyankha mosatsutsika pafunso lomwe limafunsidwa kuti ndani wamphamvu, kapena ndani adzagonjetse chimbalangondo kapena chofiirira. Nyama zonsezi sizimagwirizana konse. Ku malo osungira nyama, amakhala mwamtendere kwambiri.
Zosangalatsa zokhudza chimbalangondo
Pali nthano komanso nthano zambiri zokhuza chimbalangondo. Nthawi yomweyo, zina mwazomwe amachita machitidwe ake ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kotero kuti amayenera kuyang'aniridwa osati okonda nthano zokha, koma okonda achinyamata a nyama zamtchire. Mpaka pano, izi ndizodziwika kale pankhani ya chimbalangondo cha polar:
- Zinyama zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku Nyanja ya Barents, nyama zing'onozing'ono zimakonda chilumba cha Svalbard komanso dera loyandikana nalo. Zithunzi zojambulidwa ndikuwala kwa ultraviolet, tsitsi la chimbalangondo limawoneka lakuda. Zimbalangondo zanjala zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, osayenda pamtunda wokha, komanso akusambira. Mmenemo, chimbalangondo chomwe chili ndi polar komanso chimbalangondo chofiirira ndizofanana. Nkhani ya kusambira chimbalangondo yopitilira masiku 9 idalembedwa. Munthawi imeneyi, mkaziyo adagona mtunda wopitilira makilomita 660 kunyanja ya Beaufort, ataya 22% ya unyinji wake ndi chimbira cha chaka chimodzi, koma adangokhala wamoyo ndipo adakwanitsa kupita kumtunda. Chimbalangondo cha polar sichimawopa munthu, nyama yolusa imatha kumugulitsa, ikathamangitsa masiku ambiri. Mu mzinda wa Churchill, womwe uli m'chigawo cha Canada ku Manitoba, kuli malo apadera pomwe zimbalangondo zimayendayenda kwakanthawi kokhazikika. Kupezeka kwa malo osungirako nyama kwakanthawi kofunikira. Osawopa kukhalapo kwa anthu, nyama yolusa imatha kulowa m'nyumba ndikuwukira munthu. Pambuyo pachakudya chambiri komanso chopatsa thanzi, chimbalangondocho chikuchoka kumzindako chisakukwiyani kwambiri, zomwe zimamupatsa chiyembekezo choti abwerera. Malinga ndi a Eskimos, chimbalangondo chomwe chili ndi polar chili ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe. Mwamuna sangadzitchule yekha kufikira atakumana ndi iye. Chimbalangondo chachikulu cha polar ndicho kholo la chimbalangondo chamakono. Mu 1962, chimbalangondo cholemera makilogalamu 1,002 chidawomberedwa ku Alaska. Chimbalangondo ndi nyama yamwazi wofunda. Kutentha kwa thupi lake kumafika madigiri 31 Celsius, ndichifukwa chake sizophweka kwa wolusa kusuntha mwachangu. Kuthamanga nthawi yayitali kumatha kubweretsa kutentha kwa thupi. Ana amadziwitsidwa ndi chithunzi cha chimbalangondo cha polar kudzera m'matuni amtundu monga Umka, Elka, ndi Bernard. Pa Zimbalangondo zonse zomwe mumakonda mu Maswiti akumpoto palinso chithunzi cha chimbalangondo. Tsiku lovomerezeka la chimbalangondo cha polar ndi February 27th. Chimbalangondo cha polar ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za Alaska.
Zimbalangondo za polar zimawonedwa ngati zopanda chonde, chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kubwezeretsedwa pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Malinga ndi cheke chomwe chidachitika mchaka cha 2013, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo ku Russia sikudaposa anthu 7,000 (anthu 20-25 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi).
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chiletso chakuchotsa nyama ndi zikopa za nyama izi chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1957, chifukwa chakufafaniziratu kwathunthu komwe kunali nzika zakomweko komanso zakuba. Zimbalangondo za Polar, zomwe malo awo amasokonezedwa, zimalowa m'manja mwa anthu.