Ngati mumakonda kuswana nsomba kunyumba, ndiye kuti nthumwi za banja la cichlid zingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri. Ili ndi masamba opitilira 100, mwina okongola kwambiri komanso osasamala, cichlomas.
Mu chithunzi cha cichlazoma ndi utawaleza
Kubala nsomba zam'madzi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri. Iwo amene amakonda mtendere ndi kupumula ndi zomwe amafunikira. Kuwona nsombayo ikukhazikika, imapumula, imapereka mphamvu. Banja la acichlid lomwe limadzitsimikizira kukhala kumbali yabwino. Sachangu potuluka, samadziwika kawirikawiri ndi matenda, ochezeka.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a cichlazoma
Tsikhlazoma - gulu lina la nsomba kuchokera kubanja la "cichlids" (nthenga zama ray), amachokera mu dongosolo "like". Pakati pawo, mitunduyi imasiyana kukula kwake, mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe ake. AT Kufotokozera kwa cichlomas payenera kukhala siginecha "vertebrates". Ambiri aiwo atsala pang'ono kutha.
Mu chithunzi cha Bartic's cichlasoma
M'malo okhala vivo nsomba za cichlazoma kuchokera ku matupi a madzi ku United States mpaka mitsinje ya Brazil. Nsombazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri pakati pa abale ake. Ili ndi chipolopolo chophatikizika, chifukwa mabakiteriya oyipa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri timalowa pansi pakhungu.
Tsikhlazoma ndiye kuti, minofu yopitilira, thunthu lamtambo, mbali zodumphadumpha. Nthawi zambiri mutu umakhala wokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu, yotseguka maso ndi malo otseguka. Khungu limapangidwanso mwachangu ndikubwezeretsedwa, mabala ndi abrasions amalimbitsidwa.
Azimayi achikondi nsomba zamatcicase kukula kwakukulu, mitundu yowala ndi mizere pa thupi, mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso chisamaliro chochepa. Komanso, nsomba ndi zanzeru komanso zopatsa nzeru.
Zofunikira posamalira ndikusamalira cichlazoma
Mu chilengedwe cichlomas khalani ndi moyo wina, motero ndikofunikira kuzipezera zomwe zili searium yokhayokha, kapena magawo mu thanki. Mutha kuyika awiriawiri amtundu umodzi mumbale umodzi.
Mu chithunzi cha cichlazoma severum
Izi zimayikira mazira pamiyala yosalala. Awiriwo ali ndi chibadwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi makolo, choncho musawavutitse kwa nthawi yodikirira mwana. Mkati mwa aquarium kapena thankiyo adapangidwa mwanjira yoti azitha kutsanzira chilengedwe cha mitsinje ndi malo osungira.
Kukonzekera koyenera mutu "thanthwe lamiyala." Ndikofunikira kuti pali miyala yambiri, zotchinga, grotto, pansi pamadzi ndi zina zotero. Nsomba zimakonda kubisala m'malo obisika.
Zomera mkati mwa dziwe zingabzalidwe, koma aquarium cichlazoma Nthawi zambiri amakumba nyama ndikudya. Amakonda algae wokhala ndi masamba olimba ndi mizu yolimba kapena wobzala masamba. Kutentha kwamadzi kwamphamvu + 20 ... 28 ° С.
Mu chithunzi cha salvini's cichlazoma
Chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa kwa acidity ndi kuuma kwa madzi. Ayenera kukhala pamtundu wa pH 6.8-8.0 ndi dH 8-30 °. Zowunikira zimayikidwa pafupipafupi, kuwala kwa dzuwa sikuyenera kuwonekera, ziyenera kumwazikana.
Pakuwonongeka, awiriawiri opangidwira amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri, izi zimawonedwa osati muvidiyo, komanso Chithunzicichlase. Amakhala nthawi yawo yonse yaulere kufunafuna malo oti adzaikire mazira.
Wosaka nsomba wosamala azitha kuzindikira awiriwo ndipo akuyenera kusamutsidwira nthawi yayitali. Ngati kulibe miyala, nsomba imayikira mazira mwachindunji pansi.
Cichlazoma zakudya
Nsomba sizimakonda, zimapatsa chidwi. Mwachilengedwe, ma cichlids ndi adani olusa, chifukwa chake amakonda nyama. Izi zikusonyeza kuti cichloma sungasungidwe limodzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono, makamaka ochokera m'mabanja ena.
Mu chithunzi cha cichlazoma, Flower Horn
Kuti ukhale wathanzi komanso thanzi labwino, nsomba zimapatsidwa chakudya chomera. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera monga zouma zam'madzi, nsomba zam'nyanja, chimanga, zakudya zam'mera komanso nyongolotsi zazomera.
Zodyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala ndi: 70% mapuloteni chakudya komanso masamba 30%. Kuphatikiza pazigawo zing'onozing'ono, mutha kuperekera zosakaniza (nyama yokhala ndi minofu) kuchokera pazinthu zomwe zakonzedwa ndi manja anu: nkhuku, nsomba zam'madzi, zina zowonjezera zitsamba.
Mitundu ya Cichlase
Mafani a nsomba za ku aquarium azindikira mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri komanso yoyambirira ya cichlase.
* Tsikhlazoma "-amtambo wamtambo" - nsomba iyi ndiyofatsa kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya ma cichlids. Amatha kuwoneka m'madzi ambiri am'madzi. Ili ndi mtundu wocheperako, wamtundu woyeserera, mikwingwirima yakuda yosiyidwa bwino. Pafupifupi osakhala wankhanza, pokhapokha patatulutsa zinthu zomwe zingawonetse nkhawa kwambiri.
Pa chithunzi cha cichlazoma, chamtambo wakuda kapena zebra
* Tsikhlazoma "diamondi"- nsomba yochokera ku banja la cichlid, imatalika masentimita 15. Woimira wamkulu wamkulu, ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola, osayerekezeka. Malo owoneka ndi siliva amaphimba thupi lonse, amakhala olumikizana ndi chingwe chakuda, ndikupatsa kukongola kwapadera.
* Tsikhlazoma "Eliot"- nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imakhala m'mitsinje yoyera ya Guatemala ndi Mexico. Thupi lojambulidwa ndi utoto wowala wa mandimu, mikwingwirima yamtundu wina imadutsa mphepete mwa mbali. Makulidwe otentha okwanira pazomwe zili + 25 ... 28 ° С.
Mu chithunzi cha Eliic's cichloma
* Tsikhlazoma "Managuan" - imodzi mwacikono zazikulu kwambiri komanso zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimatalika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Mtundu wake wosadziwika, umatchedwa "jaguar", kuphatikizika kwa mawanga kumapangitsa chidwi cha nsomba, komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Ingokhalani m'mizinda ikuluikulu yokha.
Pachithunzichi pali managuan cichloma
* Tsikhlazoma "Meeka" - nsomba zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe zimafikira masentimita 136. Mbali yakumtunda ya penti imakhala utoto. Amphongo pamimba ndi kumunsi kwa mutu amakhala ndi malo ofiira, ndi akulu kuposa zazikazi. Amakonda kugontha, ngati kuli kotheka, agonjetse gawo lanu mwachangu.
Mu chithunzi cha Meek cichlazoma
* Tsikhlazoma Severum - Woimira wowoneka bwino komanso wokongola wa ma cichlids. Miyeso ya thupi ndi yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono, pafupifupi masentimita 10-15. Kapangidwe ka thupi lonse ndi kaso komanso kogwirizana, nthawi yomweyo amakopa diso. Dzinali lidalandidwa chifukwa choti nsombazo zidapezeka kumpoto kumpoto. Zovuta pazankhondo zapadera zamagulu. Wasayansi yekha waluso amatha kupulumutsa nkhosazo mothandizidwa ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso lodziwika bwino kwa nsomba.
Mu chithunzi cha cichlazoma citron
* Tsikhlazoma "Sedzhika" - nsomba yochokera ku mtundu wa cichlid, ali ndi kukula pafupifupi masentimita 106. Amtendere komanso amanyazi kwambiri pakati pa abale awo. Thupi lopakidwa utoto wonyezimira, ziphuphu ndi utoto wachikasu, mikwingwirima yopatsirana imadutsa mbali.
* Tsihlazoma "flamingo" - nthumwi ya ma cichlids ang'ono 8-15cm. Nsomba ndizosangalatsa mtundu wake. Imeneyi yapinki ndi yapinki, pali zoyerekeza zopaka utoto kapena zokutira. Amphongo ali pafupifupi akazi pafupifupi awiri, mbali zawo zakutsogolo zimakhala zamphamvu. Ma subspecies okha omwe amakhala mwamtendere.
Pa chithunzi cha cichlazoma flamingo
* Tsikhlazoma "utawaleza" - nthumwi yayikulu ya ma cichlids, ofika masentimita 20. Imakhala ndi thunthu lokwera, mbali zofananira. Mutu waukulu, wokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu ndi maso opupuluma. Mtunduwo umayang'aniridwa ndi matupi achikasu, obiriwira komanso ofiira. Maanga okhala ndi mithunzi yambiri amabalalikana mwachisawawa mthupi lonse. Mchira wake ndi zipsepse zimakhala ndi cheza chakuda.
* Tsikhlazoma "bee" - nsomba yanthawi yayitali (8-10 cm), kwawo ndi mtsinje wa Rio Negro ndi Amazon. Mapulogalamuwa ndiosangalatsa pakupanga thupi mosasangalatsa - kwakuda ndi kuphulika kwamtambo. Izi ndichifukwa choti flake iliyonse yakuda imakhala ndi kachikuda komwe kamayambitsa "galasi".
Pa chithunzi cha cichlazoma, njuchi
* Tsikhlazoma "Nicaraguan" - kukula kwakukulu kwa cichlid (mpaka 20 cm). Ili ndi kapangidwe kachilendo ka thupi, mutu umakomoka, pakamwa ndi kotsika kwambiri. Utoto wa nsombazi ndiwosangalatsa: thupi ndi siliva, mutu ndi wabuluu, ndipo pamimba pali mtundu wofiirira. Nkhani zake sizokomera, koma zamtendere.
Kugwirizana kwa cichlazoma ndi nsomba zina
Palibe amene anganene zokhudzana ndi mitundu yonse ya ma cichlids malinga ndi oyandikana nawo. Popeza cichlazoma ndi nsomba yolusa, nkhanza mwa iyo zimachokera ku chilengedwe. Ndi dera, makamaka munthawi ya zipatso. Kuphatikiza cichlazoma ndi nsomba zina zokulirapo, zimangoyamwa zazing'ono.
Chithunzi cichlazoma labiatum
Ngati muli ndi magulu awiri amodzi am'mizinda imodzi, ndikofunikira kuti malowedwewo akhale akulu (oposa 400 l). Mkati, mothandizidwa ndi miyala, mutha kupanga mitundu ina yonyowa, amakhala gawolo. Njirayi siyabwino kwenikweni pamasamba onse, koma ma cichlids ambiri, inde.
Kubalana komanso kugonana kwa cichlosis
Pa nyengo yakukhwima, banjali limayesetsa kubisa momwe ndingathere. Kusintha kutentha kwa chizolowezi kuti kusenthe ndi chizindikirochi. Yaikazi imayikira mazira pamiyala, pamalo athyathyathya, kapena m'maenje. Mwachangucichlomas okonzeka kusambira kale tsiku lachisanu.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamitundu yacichlids wamwamuna cichlazoma zazikulu kuposa zazikazi. Chochititsa chidwi chake ndi tubercle yamafuta pamphumi. Chizindikiro chowonekera kwambiri chaimuna ndi mtundu wowala. Akatswiri odziwa bwino nsomba zam'madzi amazindikira momwe amagwiridwira ndi zipsepse.
Chithunzi cichlazoma Nicaraguan
Gulani cichlazoma zotheka mu malo aliwonse ogulitsa ziweto, nsomba zamtunduwu ndizodziwika bwino komanso zimapezeka nthawi zonse. M'misika yapadera mutha kugula zinthu zambiri zothandiza: kuchokera kumadzi am'madzi ndi zowonjezera zodyetsa komanso zowonjezera.
Mtengo nsomba cichlazoma ndi ma ruble 200-300, zonse zimatengera mtundu ndi mtundu. Kugulitsa nsomba zam'madzi (cichlase) Ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa. Kufunikira kwa iwo kukukula chaka chilichonse ndipo kumatsimikiziranso kuti ndizothandiza komanso zothandiza.
Kufotokozera
Malo achilengedwe omwe amakhala ndi ma cichlid ndi mitsinje ya Central ndi South America, Asia ndi Africa. Zamoyo zokongola izi zomwe zimakhala ndizochepa komanso mawonekedwe osasinthika zidakopa mitima ya asitikali kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi. Ndizolowera zilizonse zomwe, ndi nzeru zawo komanso chinyengo, amayesera kudzipezera chakudya cha nyama. Mu malo achilengedwe, amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi pansi kapena m'nkhokwe. Amakonda mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono yokhala ndi matope kapena pansi pamchenga. Chizindikiro chosiyana ndi ma cichlases ndikuti zimabereka bwino osati chilengedwe, komanso ukapolo.
Tawona kale kuti mu banja la cichlid pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya nsomba zomwe zimasiyana mumtundu, mikhalidwe ndi kukula kwake.
Pansipa tikambirana za mitundu yotchuka ya ma cichlases:
- Meek Cichlazoma. Imapezeka kumalo achilengedwe am'madzi amtsinje kumwera kwa Mexico ndi Guatemala. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi bata komanso mwamtendere, mosiyana ndi oyimira ena a banja la cichlid, omwe ali oyenera kukhala mu malo wamba okhala, chifukwa sangathe kuvulaza amtendere ndi ang'onoang'ono a nsomba zakunja. Mbali yodziwika bwino ndi mzere wokhotakhota kumbuyo ndi mtundu wamaso amtundu wamiyala wokhala ndi mthunzi wofiirira.
- Cichlazoma wakuda. Izi nsomba zamtundu wa cichlid zimadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chofatsa komanso chosasamala posamalira. Mosiyana ndi abale awo m'banjamo, chikopa chakuda chamtambo ndi nsomba yamoyo komanso yosinthika modabwitsa. Lero ndi m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika kwambiri a banja la cichlid. Ali ndi khungu lowala bwino, lamizere yakuda ndi yoyera, ngati zebra, losinthika m'mamba ake. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, ntchiyimira wakuda wamankhwala amatchedwa "zebra cichlids" kapena "zebra chanchito".
- Daimondi cichlazoma. Mitundu yamitundu iyi imakhala m'madzi am'mwera kwa USA ndi Mexico. Nsomba zimatha kutalika masentimita 17. Akatswiri am'madzi amatha kujambulidwa ndikusangalatsidwa ndi mtundu wawo, womwe umakumbukira za diamondi yowala. Iliyonse ya nsomba imakhala ndi madontho owala omwe amapanga kunyengerera kwa mipira yaying'ono yaminyewa yaying'ono. Mtundu wakutsogolo kwa masikelo ndi brownish-greenish. Ma cichlomas ali ndi maso ochulukirapo, okhala ndi utoto wowala.
- Tsikhlazoma severum. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amakhala kumpoto kwa Amazon, ndipo amapezekanso m'matupi amadzi kumpoto kwa South America (Suriname, Guyana). Chidani chachikulu (mpaka 20 cm kutalika), chokhala ndi ziphuphu zamkati ndi ma anal. Amagwirizana ndi kuleza mtima komanso kudekha mtima kwa ena oimira ma cichlids, amakonda njira ziwiri. Mtundu waukulu ndi wonyezimira.
- Tsikhlazoma Eliot. Oyamba ena nthawi zambiri amasokoneza nsombayi ndi Meeki cichlasoma, popeza mtundu wa oimira awiriwa a banja la cichlid ndi ofanana kwambiri. Mbali yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya nsomba ya Eliot ndi malo owoneka bwino kwambiri pamimba. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zopanda za Mexico ndi Guatemala.
- Manguan cichlazoma. Nsomba iyi idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha malo okhala. Malo omwe nsomba izi zimapezeka pafupifupi madzi aliwonse ndi ku Managua - likulu la dziko la North America ku Nicaragua. Asitikali am'madzi am'madzi amatcha ma cichlids ngati chimpweya chifukwa cha mtundu wake wofanana ndi nyama yakudyayi ya ku Africa. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya managuan cichlazoma ndi kukula kwake - imafikira masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Kuphatikiza apo, zamtundu wamtunduwu ndizodekha komanso zamtendere.
- Sarahgid cichlazoma. Kwawo kwa nyama zodabwitsazi zomwe zimapezeka kudziko lina zimadziwika kuti ndi gawo lakumpoto kwa South America. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka ku Amazon yopanda, pafupi ndi nkhokwe ndi gombe lakunyanja. Ma Aquarists amakopeka ndi mtundu wake wowala mosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro cha nsomba zamtunduwu ndi malo akuda achikuda mkati mwa thupi. Mitundu ya Saragdova cichlazoma imatha kusiyanasiyana kutuwa ndi mtundu wofiirira. Pathupi nthawi zambiri mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana yomwe imatha kutha.
Kuyanjana ndi anthu ena
Onse oimira acichlids ndi omwe amadana ndi kukuwa pansi, kubisala m'nkhalango za m'madzi kuti agwire nyama zawo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadya zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera kumera titha kumadziwika ndi cichlomas ngati chakudya. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikhazikitse malo osiyana siyana okhala ndi ma aquicum.
Meek Cichlazoma, Cichlazoma wofiyira
Meek cichlazoma (Thorichthys meeki, Cichlasoma meeki) - Kukhala nthumwi za mtundu wamitundu yonse, ma cichlids (kapena ma cichlids) amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yoposa 2000 ya nsomba. Mulinso zosankha zambiri zowala komanso zoyambirira zomwe zimakhala m'mizinda yakunyumba ndikugulitsidwa pazosankha izi. Ndizomwe zili m'gulu lino lomwe ma cichlazomas ofatsa ali nawo, chifukwa cha dzina lawo ku American ichthyologist.
Zili bwanji?
Choyambirira chomwe chimakopa mawonekedwe. Munthu sangathandize koma kulabadira aquarium ndi ofatsa a cichlazome. Mawonedwewo amasangalatsa ndikukopa ndi kuchepa kwawo. Nsomba ndizambiri (mpaka 15 cm mu aquarium pa 35 masentimita mu nyama zamtchire). Phokoso ndilo malo ofiira owoneka bwino pamatimu ndi pakhosi, likufalikira moyandikira pakati pa thupi. Chifukwa chake dzina lachiwiri - red-necin cichlase. Mtundu wamba umakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mawanga amdima osagwa pakati.
Amasambira pang'onopang'ono komanso mokoma. Mwa izi, ndizofanana ndi Sejik's cichlasoma. Zowona, khalidweli mpaka nthawi yoyala. Koma kenako Meeka ndi ngwazi, wolimba mtima komanso wopanda mantha. Ukali wake umatha kukhala gawo lalikulu la mchitidwewu ndikuwopseza moyo kwa anthu ocheperako komanso amtendere ambiri amadzuwa lamadzi. Zowona, a Managuan cichlazoma ali nawonso amene amaphulika.
Ma parameter a Aquarium ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake
Kuchulukitsa kwa aquarium posunga-cichlases kumadalira mtundu ndi chiwerengero cha awiriawiri. Awiri, omwe akuimira mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya ma cichlids, mwachitsanzo, Sedzhik cichlazoma, adzakhala ndi tanki yokwanira malita 40. Ngati mukukonzekera kugula nsomba za banja la Eliot kapena Severum, mufunika tank losakira malita 100. Managuan cichlazoma ndi m'modzi mwa oimira gulu lalikulu la nsomba; thupi lake limatha kutalika masentimita 40.A nsomba ziwiri za Managuan adzafuna aquarium, yomwe kuchuluka kwake ndi 400-500 malita.
Mkango Mkango
Wosiyana kwambiri ndi Meeka posambira mkango wokhala ndi mkango (Steatocranus casuarius). Mukasunthira, imasunthidwa pang'ono kuchokera pansi, kusunthira pansi kapena kulumpha yaying'ono. Njira zoyendera izi zidamupangitsa kukhala nsomba yotsika pansi yokhala ndi zakudya komanso kupuma.
Pazakudya, munthuyu ndi wochotseredwa, osati kuti mphalaphala. Othandizira sayenera kuvutitsa kwambiri. Zosankha zoyenera, zamavuto ndi achisanu. Zakudya zam'madzi ndi masamba sizikukana. Awa si ma cichlids aku South America, koma, makamaka, ma bulu owoneka bwino. Kufanana kwakunja si chitsimikizo chazindikiritso.
Ofatsa amakhala omasuka pomwe pansi pamakhala mchenga. Kenako amakonda kukumba mozama, kukumba zitsamba zazitali za mitengo, kutembenuzira miyala yamiyala, m'mawu, kupanga "kipish" pansi. Izi zimasiyanitsa ma cichlids a nkhono kwa iwo, omwe amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse kubisala zigamba zopanda kanthu zomwe zili pansi. Pamenepo amayikira mazira.
Anthu ofiira ofufuza amakonda kukhala awiriawiri. Ngakhale nthumwi zoyenera za nsomba zina zikapezeka mu malo am'madzi, awiriwa adzipatukana nawo ndipo samakumana nawo mpaka nthawi yolowera ikayamba ndipo aliyense adzasokoneza.
Mosiyana ndi izi, mesonaut cichloma amakhala bwino m'magulu ndipo amagwirizana ngakhale ndi anansi monga scalars. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi manyazi aanthu, monga mesonaut cichloma. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha mantha, amatha kudumpha kuchokera mu aquarium ngati, pakuwoneka zoopsa, ali kumtunda kwa aquarium.
Kubala / kubalalitsa
Kutha msanga m'ma cichlases kumachitika miyezi isanu ndi iwiri mpaka itatu, kenako nsomba zimayamba kutuluka. Ali ndi chibadwa chodziwikiratu kuti angathe kubereka, kotero ngakhale mwana wamankhwala woyamba sangathe kubala nsomba kuchokera kubanja. Potere, nsomba sizifunikira kutumizidwa ku thanki payokha yokonzekera kutulutsa (pokhapokha ngati, zolengedwa zamtundu wina zimakhala m'madzimo ndi iwo). Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti cichlase ali ndi chibadwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi makolo, ndipo ateteza ana awo mwanjira iliyonse. Ngati munthawi imeneyi mukayika dzanja lanu mu chinsalu, ndiye kuti msombowo udzaukhudza. Kutulutsa kwa nsomba kuchokera kubanja la cichlid kumachitika mosakhalitsa ndipo sikudalira nthawi ya chaka. Komanso, kuyikira mazira ndi mkazi kumatha kuchitika mosalekeza. Pakuponya mazira, wamkazi amasankha malo osalala pansi pomwe pali mphutsi 300 zomwe zingakwanire. Pambuyo pa masiku 2-3, mwachangu zimawonekera, zomwe makolo amayamba kubisala ndikutchinjiriza kwa alendo. Amatha kubisala mwachangu mu tchire la algae kapena m'maenje akudziyimira okha. Malingaliro a makolo amathera pokhapokha mwezi wachiwiri kubadwa kwa mwachangu.
Cichlazomes Wakuda
Wotchuka kwambiri mu aquarium yamakono. Izi ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi mitundu yowala komanso mawonekedwe odekha. Amatha kuchita zankhanza pakafalikira ndikusamalira ana, motero ndikwabwino kuti aziwasunga limodzi ndi ena oimira mabanja awo. Ikhoza kukhala parrot, pseudotrophy, barbus, gourami, malupanga, minga.
Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum imakhala ndi mawu awiri, nigro - yoyera ndi fascia - yakuda, nthawi zambiri nsomba imeneyi imatchedwa zebra.
Amawerengeka kuti ndi nsomba yaying'ono, momwe kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 15 cm, padziwe lochita kupanga ndi laling'ono.
Mtundu wakumbuyo wa buluu ndi wonyezimira, utali utali tating'ono, timiyala tosiyanasiyana ndi timaso timene timapangitsa nsomba kuti izioneka ngati mbidzi.
Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa zazikazi, amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a anal ndi zipsepse zamkati; panthawi yopanga, lingwe lofiira lowoneka bwino pamimba.
Daimondi Cichlomas
Ma cichlids amenewa amafanana kwenikweni ndi diamondi chifukwa cha sikelo zazikulu komanso mawanga asiliva, omwazikana paliponse m'thupi, ngakhale m'mphepete.
Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika mpaka 15-17 masentimita, amuna ndi akulu.
Cichlazoma ndiwotchuka kwambiri, m'malo achiwombolo pambuyo pa mizere yakuda. Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum amatchedwanso ngale ndi cachlazoma.
Izi nsomba nazonso zimakhala mwamtendere kwa adani, ngakhale zimakonda kumenyera gawo.
Tsikhlazomy Severum
Cichlazoma yowala kwambiri yokhala ndi chikasu chofiirira, pomwe masamba ochepa a lalanje amamwazikana, ngakhale mwachilengedwe mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana kwambiri - imvi. Koma m'malo azisamba, ndi mitundu yobereketsa yokha yomwe imapezeka, koma ndiyosowa.
Nthawi zina chifukwa cha mtundu wake, umatchedwa discus wabodza. Kaya nsomba izi ndi zamtundu wa Cichlasom kapena Heros sizidadziwikebe.
Kuphatikiza pa "Severum peyala zofiira" zomwe tafotokozazi, mitundu yokongoletsera "emerald wabuluu", "mutu wofiira", "golide", ndi ena ambiri akufuna.
Mtundu wa cichlase uwu ndiwankhanza kwambiri, makamaka intraspecific. Ndikwabwino kuzisungitsa padera mu ziwiri zazikulu tankingamu yayikulu kwambiri yopanda malire.
Makamaka zitsanzo zoyambirira
Mu gawo ili, mitundu ya auratus iyenera kutchulidwa. Izi nsomba zimadziwika ndi dzina lachiwiri: golidi wagolide. Wamkazi ndi wamwamuna auratus amasiyana kwambiri maonekedwe, omwe amathandizira kusankha panthawi ya kupaka, chifukwa auratussamka ndiwopambana kwambiri kuposa wamphongo.Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngati mwamunayo akhalapo m'nyumba (aquarium), wamkazi wogwira ntchito komanso wolemekezeka amatha kusintha mtundu wake ndi khalani ngati auratus achimuna. Zotsatira zoyipa sizionedwa mu auratus.
Dziwe lakumwera la Malawi ndi komwe dolphin wabuluu amachokera - woimirira wa ma cichlomas, wokumbukira mwamphamvu za nyama zomwe zimatchulanso dzina lomweli. Pilo pamphumi yaimuna imakula chaka ndi chaka, kupangitsa nsomba kuti zizioneka mochuluka ngati iye. Kupambana kwa kubereka kwawo kumadalira kwathunthu thanzi la makolo, zomwe zimafuna:
- kuyatsa kowala
- kusefa kapena kusintha kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi,
- kusungitsa pH yamchere.
Mawu ochepa pakuphatikizana kwa cichlid pseudotrophaeus (Lombardo). Ndikofunikira kuti akatswiri odziwa bwino za m'madzi okhaokha azitha kusunga pawnshop moyenera. Awa ndi okongola, ankhanza, oganizira kwambiri kusintha kwa madzi. Akazi ndi amuna a pawnshop ali ndi utoto mosiyanasiyana kotero kuti nthawi zina amalakwitsa mitundu. Ma Lombardos samagwirizana ngakhale ndi ma cichlids amtendere.
Zitatu-parrot parrot - cichlazoma fluverhorn. Izi ndi zotsatira za ntchito yosankha akatswiri a ichthyologists. Kuphatikiza pa khonde lomwe linapangidwa bwino kwambiri pamphumi, limadziwika ndi:
- kusintha kwamitundu yambiri
- kusungulumwa
- kupezeka pamiyeso ya chojambula chofanana ndi mtima.
Kodi mtundu wowala nthawi zonse umakhala chizindikiro cha ma cichlids?
Ndi mawonekedwe wamba, khalani owala, owoneka bwino
kupaka utoto, pali njira - kusiyanasiyana. Ichi ndi albino cichloma. Iye, kutsimikizira chilungamo cha dzina lake, alibe mtundu kapena ngakhale mthunzi.
Ndi yoyera komanso yowonekera m'malo. Alinso ndi chinthu chimodzi: chitetezo chofooka komanso chizolowezi chamatenda (chosiyana ndi Sedzhik's cichloma). Kutengera izi, kusamalira nsomba zotere kumafunika chisamaliro chapadera komanso chisamaliro.
Wosalala ndi mtundu wa cichlazoma wa mesonaut. Koma nsomba iyi imakhala ndi kamtambo kakang'ono mozungulira thupi lonse.
Mitundu yowoneka bwino mwa oyimira kumpoto. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala obiriwira ndi shaver wachikaso. Kwa moyo wam'madzi, mitundu yambiri yowala ndi yowoneka yasankhidwa. Odziwika kwambiri masiku ano ndi ngale zofiira za severum ndi severum striped bluu emerald.
Meek Cichlazomas
Mtundu wina wotchuka wa aquarium cichlase umachokera ku Guatemala ndi Southern Mexico.
Kutalika kwa nsombazo, siliva wopakidwa kumtunda, ndi masentimita 14 mpaka 15. Amuna akulu akulu amakhala ndi malo owoneka ofiira pamimba ndi gawo lotsikira la mutu waukulu. Zipsepse zakuthwa ndi zagolide kapena zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Nthawi zambiri, anthu okhala pansi pamadzi amakhala mwamtendere m'malo am'madzi, koma amateteza gawo lawo, choncho thankiyo igawidwe m'magawo akuluakulu.
Cichlasoma meeki kuthengo ndi yokulirapo, mpaka masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Nsomba yotchedwa American ichthyologist Meek, yemwe anapeza mtundu wamtunduwu mu 1933, amatchedwa. Nthawi zina amatchedwa chophimba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo amutu.
Mu aquarium, Meeki nthawi zambiri amakhala pang'onopang'ono, koma amasintha kwambiri nyengo yamkaka. Pakadali pano, awiriwo ndi bwino kukhazikika padera. Amakonda kukokomeza pansi pamchenga, kunyamula algae ndikutembenuza mbali zina zowoneka bwino.
Mikango yokhala ndi mkango
Amasiyana ndi mitundu inanso ya ma cichlids omwe amakhala ndi chopinga chachikulu chopangidwa pamwamba pa mutu waukulu.
Steatocranus Casuarius pamayendedwe oyenda mu dziwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi Meeks yopuma, zikuwoneka kuti nsomba imadumphadumpha ndikudumphira pansi, pomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi zambiri banja lokhala ndi banja lokhalokha limakhala kuphanga kwawo komwe limabereka ana. Mabanja opitilira atatu m'modzi, ngakhale waukulu saari, osavomerezeka.
Mtundu wa masikelo nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda ndi mtundu wamtambo, wofiirira kapena pafupifupi wamtambo wakuda, koma anthu siliva amakono amapezekanso.
Flamingo cichlomas
Izi nsomba zodya nyama ndizochepa pang'ono kuposa achibale awo - kuyambira 8 mpaka 14 cm. Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa cha mtundu wachilendo wa pinki, womwe umatha kutalika kwathunthu kapena kuwonjezereka. Mtendere kwambiri pamitundu yonse yodziwika bwino ya ma cichlases.
Ichthyologists sanatsimikizebe zakomwe mtunduwu. Ena amawona kuti ndi mtundu wa albino wa nkhomaliro wakuda, ndipo izi sizingafanane ndi chowonadi (maso sakhala ofiira, utoto ulipo). Ena amakhulupirira kuti mamba osowa kwambiri ndi chifukwa cha masinthidwe achilengedwe.
Utawaleza wamakutu
Mtundu umodzi wamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya ma cichlids, ngakhale padziwe lochita kupanga, anthu ena amafika 20 cm.
Pakukongoletsa ma sikelo, mitundu yambiri yowala yosakanikirana - chikaso, zobiriwira, ofiira, buluu, izi zinapereka dzina la mitundu.
Nsombazo ndizokwiyitsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri banja limodzi limasankhidwa kuchokera kwa anthu 6-8 ndikuwakhazikitsanso thanki ina. Ngakhale mutakhala pansi pamadzi, kumenyana pakati pa amuna kumakhala kosapeweka.
Njuchi za cyclazomas
Izi nsomba zokhala ngati nsomba ndizochepa kukula (8-10 8-10) ndipo ndizofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe cha Amazon.
Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wosazolowereka komanso wodabwitsa. Pa sikelo iliyonse pali malo amtambo, omwe, pokonzanso mauni owala, amapereka mawonekedwe apadera - golide, wakuda, azure.
Mitundu ina ya mayina ndi mitundu isanu ndi itatu, cichlazoma Biocelatum.
Mtundu wowala kwambiri mwa anthu azaka chimodzi. Achichepere amakhala odekha komanso odekha. Ndipo amuna achikulire samagwirizana ndi aliyense, banjali limasungidwa mosiyana ndi gawo lowerengera.
Cyclazomas Labiatum
Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wamtundu wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo komanso waluntha. Munthu akafika pachilumbachi, amamuyang'ana ndipo amapempha chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, anansi awo omwe ali m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa.
Mutu waukulu umatha ndi kamwa yayikulu yolongosoledwa bwino, ndichifukwa chake Labiatum nthawi zambiri imatchedwa cichlazoma.
Nicaraguan cichlomas
Okhala pansi pamadzi ambiri (20-25 cm m'litali) ali ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi convex ndi milomo yotsika.
Mu utoto, mitundu itatu imakhala yosakanikirana - thupi la silvery, kumtunda kwakumaso ndi pamphumi, komanso mimba yofiirira.
Ma cyclazomas a Sejik
Nsomba yaying'ono yam'madzi (10-11 cm), yamtendere, komanso yamanyazi mwachilengedwe, payenera kukhala mapanga ndi malo ogwirira pansi.
Mtundu wonyezimira wopepuka komanso wozungulira wokwanira wokhala ndi ziphuphu zachikasu. Mikwingwirima yakuda yakudutsa thupi.
Mtunduwu umakhala ndi chizolowezi choteteza dera lawo, makamaka nthawi yakukhwima. Ndikwabwino kusungira mafuta mu thanki yaying'ono (pafupifupi 50-100 l).
Smaragd cichlomas
Kusiyana kwambiri pamakhalidwe awo ndi ma cichlids ena. Amatha kutchedwa oyandikana nawo oyandikana nawo kuposa owopsa oyandikana nawo.
Ngati vinyo wa cichlazoma akuwopa china chake, ndiye chimagwa ndikugwera pansi, chokhala ngati tsamba lakugwa. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mtundu wachilendo wamtundu (chikasu, pinki, imvi), umathandiza nsomba kutsanzira.
Pansi pa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale omwe ma cichlids amasungidwa, payenera kukhala malo othawirako - ma grottoes, mapanga, algae yakuda. Ndikwabwino kusankha dothi lofiirira, ndiye kuti nsomba ya Cichlasoma temporale crassa sidzapanikizika.
Cikron kapena ndimu cichlomas
Amatengedwa ngati toyesa bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwala kowala lalanje ndi mutu wakutsogolo.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala mwamtendere m'madzimo, nthawi zina amakhala mwamtendere pokhapokha nyengo yakukhwima ndikugonjetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa thankiyo. Cichlasoma citrinellum ndi omnivorous, osakana live, youma ndi chomera chakudya. Amatha kudya zukini ndi mavwende.
Menhonoma Cyclazomas
Wamanyazi komanso wamtendere, wokhoza kuyanjana ngakhale ndi zipsera. Kuchokera ku mantha amatha kulumpha mosungira.
Mtundu wa thupi suli wowoneka bwino, wachikaso kutuwa; mzere wakuda kuchokera kumapeto a pectoral mkati mwa dorsal umadutsa thupi.
Salvini Cichlazomas
Cichlasoma salvini amachokera kuchigawo chapakati cha dziko la America. Mbali yayikulu yakumaso ndi yaiwisi kapena yachikasu yachikuda ndi mikwaso yoyera pakatikati pake komanso pamimba yofiira (mwa amuna).
Nsombazo zimakhala zamtendere, koma zimatha kuteteza madera awo, mukuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo am'madzi. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 13 mpaka 16 cm.
Cyclazomas Spilurum
Cichlasoma cichlasoma Cichlasoma spilurum ali ndi thupi lalikulu, lopakidwa utoto wonyezimira la utoto wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yotunthika ndi zipsepse zamkati ndi zotupa.
Amakhala odekha, koma akamasamba amatha kukhala amantha kwambiri, nkhanza ndizotheka.
Cican cichlomas
Cichlasoma tetracanthum kapena Tetracantum m'malo achilengedwe amakhala m'madzi abata a Cuba ndi Barbados.
Mbali yayikulu yakuthupi ndi ya siliva. Mikwingwirima ndi mawanga akuda amwazika pamenepo. Chojambulachi, ngakhale chili chonse, sichibwerezedwanso, chimakhala chosiyana ndi zina zonse.
Zowopsa komanso zaukali, zoyenera kungosunga banja mu aquarium yamitundu. Chachikulu - pafupifupi 20-25 cm.
Fascetum Cichlase
Cichlasoma facetum kapena Chanchita amachokera ku matupi amadzi a ku Brazil, Honduras, Uruguay, Argentina. Mitundu ndi yosiyanasiyana - imaso zachikaso, zamtambo, zobiriwira, zamtundu wofiira. Mikwingwirima yopingasa imakhala yotumbululuka ndikukula thupi lonse.
Ang'ono, koma achiwawa kwambiri, ndi mawonekedwe a malo (oteteza malo ake).
Managun cichlomas
Parachromis managuensis ndi nsomba zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zokongola zokhala ndi mtundu wakuda ndi wagolide wosadziwika komanso mawonekedwe apadera, chifukwa chake adatenga dzina lachiwiri - Jaguar. Kutalika kwa thupi la anthu okhala pansi pamadzi pamadzi ndi kwakukulu - mpaka 35-40 cm.
Tankiyo ndi yoyenera malita osachepera 500 ndipo ndiyabwino kuposa mtundu umodzi, chifukwa nsombazi ndizowopsa ndipo nthawi zonse zimadumphadumpha kwambiri mukamayenda.
Cichlazomas Golden Leopards
Ndi mtundu wotsiriza wa kunyanja yaku Africa kuno ku Malawi. Nsomba zazikulu (25-30 cm) zimakonda kukhala pansi, zimatha kukhala akuya mpaka 25 m.
Chifukwa chachilengedwe chopakidwa utoto - mawanga akulu akuda kumbuyo kwa mandimu - amadziwika kuti Golden Giraffes.
Mosiyana ndi abale awo m'banjamo, sikuti amakhala amwano, koma amakonda kukhala m'nyumba yaying'ono, momwe akazi atatu kapena anayi wamwamuna aliyense wamwamuna. Ayeneranso kusungidwa mu aquarium yamitundu ikuluikulu (osachepera 600 l). Amuna awiri samakhalira limodzi, mmodzi wa iwo adzafa pomenya nkhondo.
Chodziwika pakati pa mitundu iyi ndi kuthekera kophatikizana ndi mitundu ina ya ma cichlids.
Cichlazoma Golden Parrot
Auratus amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosayembekezereka ya amuna ndi akazi (golide ndi azure mitundu) ndi ukali makamaka wa akazi.
Ngati palibe chovala cham'madzi cham'madzi, chikazi chimatha kusintha mtundu ndikukhala "wamwamuna wabodza".
Zilinso pangozi ku Nyanja ya Malawi, amakonda kukhala kunyumba ya akazi. Wamphongo mmodzi amafunika zazikazi ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mu malo okhala, awa ankhanza komanso akuluakuluwa amatha kukhala okhaokha mu malo am'madzi.
Tsihlazoma Pseudotrophies
Lombardo ndiwokongola kwambiri, koma akatswiri odziwa zam'madzi okha ndi omwe amatha kuwasunga. Nsomba sikuti zimakhala zankhanza kwambiri, komanso zimasamala kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa magawo amadzi.
Mtundu wa amuna ndi akazi ndi wosiyana kwambiri mwakuti nthawi zambiri samadziwika ngati amtundu womwewo.
Njira zoyambira za Aquarium ndi cichlase
Yoyamba ndikwanira kukhazikika m icial malo osungira ambiri opanga zigawo ndi kusunga kuchuluka kwa anthu.Lachiwiri liyenera kusungidwa m'ma cichlids apadera kapena ma aquariums amitundu.
Ma cichlazomas onse ndi amtundu womwe amakhala, osamalira bwino dera lawo. Chifukwa chake, pansi pa malo osungira ndikofunikira kuyika grottoes, ma gorges okongoletsa, mapanga, zikhalidwe zamadzimadzi zamadzi zamaluwa zolimba.
Kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kugwa pansi +19 ° C, mulingo woyenera + 25 ... + 27 ° C, kuuma kosaposa 26-16 ° dH, ndipo acidity iyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa 5-7 pH.
Nthawi zambiri, awiriawiri kapena atatu amaphatikizika pamodzi m'madzi amchere osachepera 400 malita, kupatula mitundu yayikulu ya cichlase.
Matanki amayenera kukhala ndi zida zokutenthetsa, ndipo mulingo wakuwunikira izi m'munsi mwa zovala sizofunikira kwambiri. Koma pofuna kukongoletsa, nyali ndizofunikira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma LED kapena fluorescent.
Mchenga wozungulira, miyala yoyala yabwino kapena miyala ya marble, tchipisi cha granite ndi choyenera ngati filimu ya tsikulo. Kutalika kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala koyenera, osachepera 8-10 masentimita, omwe angalole cichlazomas kusokoneza mwakachetechete.
Zomera, kuti zizitetezere kukumba ndi nsomba, ndibwino kubzala ndi mizu yamphamvu kapena m'miphika. Anubias wolimba mtima, Cryptorin, Echinodorus, Wallinseria ndi woyenera.
Madzi ayenera kukhala odzazidwa ndi mpweya, motero, dziwe lochita kupanga liyenera kukhala ndi zida zothandizira. Zosefera zamphamvu zimapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi madzi oyera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zakutali.
Osachepera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kusinthidwa sabata iliyonse ndipo ndikofunikira kupukuta dothi. Kukongola komanso zachilendo za ma cichlase mosalekeza zimadzutsa chidwi cha oyenda m'madzi am'madzi awa, koma samalimbikitsidwa kuti azisungidwa ndi oyamba kumene, awa ndi nsomba zovuta.
Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona machitidwe a ma cichlases am'madzi. Mitundu ina yokonda mtendere, mwachitsanzo, Meeki, imatha kukhala mgulu limodzi, osati maphikidwe, koma kugawa ndikofunikira.
Mkulu wachikulire, ngakhale akuteteza gawo lake, samangodziponya ndewu, nthawi zambiri amangowopseza omwe angawalowe. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba ikuwopseza, kutulutsa ma gill, ndikupangitsa chikopa chofiyira pansi pa milomo yotsika. Wamphongo amakhalanso ndi chizolowezi chokwatirana.
Ngati nsomba zazikulu komanso zamphamvu zili m'malo osungiramo nyama, ndiye kuti Meeki wamwamuna amatha kudwala ndikufa chifukwa cha nkhawa, ndipo wamkazi amasintha ndikusankha woteteza mtundu wina.
Kudyetsa
Mitundu yonse ya ma cichlases ndi adani, koma mu aquarium ndi omnivores.
Ndi chisangalalo adzadya chakudya chamoyo ndi chisanu - mawongo, artemia nauplii, tubule. Zakudya zouma zowuma zamtundu woyenera (zodyera) ziyeneranso kukhala m'zakudya. Ndipo zakudya za chomera zimapanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zonse zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse, zimatha kudalidwa, kabichi ndi masamba letesi, oatmeal, mapiritsi a spirulina.
Chachikulu ndikupewa monotony ndikusintha zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuswana
Kulera ndi ma cichlases si vuto, makamaka chifukwa nsomba izi zimakhala nthawi zonse ngati banja kapena nyumba yaying'ono. Potere, kubereka kudzachitika palokha, popanda kuyesayesa kumbali ya mwini.
Kusiyana kwachiwerewere m'ma cichlids kumadziwika. Wamphongo ndi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mtundu wowala. Nthawi zambiri, anal anal fin, ndipo pamphumi khosi wooneka ngati adipose amakula ndi zaka.
Nsomba izi zimatha kutuluka chaka chonse ndi zopumira zazifupi. Ngati kukondoweza ndikofunikira, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kusintha posintha kuchuluka kwa madzi (momwe mvula iliri).
Akazi nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira m'phanga "kapena" pamwala. Kenako makolo onse amakwiya kwambiri, samalani mwachangu omasamalira ndikuwasamalira mosamala.
Wamphongo ndi wamkazi ndi achichepere akupitilizabe kukhala okondwerera. Amagwedeza maula awo, ndikuchotsa nyansi kuchokera pansi, kuti ana awonso adye fumbi. Ndipo kugona tulo usiku iwo amasakira mwachangu pogona.
Kumbukirani kuti nthawi zambiri, wamwamuna amatha kukhala wankhanza kwa achichepere, ndiye kuti ayenera kusiyidwa nthawi yakukula kwa ana.
Nthawi zambiri zimatenga milungu itatu, kenako ana amakhala odziimira pawokha. Simungathe kuchotsa zamphongo, koma tsekani thanki ndi mauna apadera.
Matenda
Ngakhale kuti ma cichlomas amalimbana ndi matenda, amatha kudwala matenda ena oyamba ndi bakiteriya ngati ataphwanya kwambiri malo osungidwa komanso osavomerezeka m'malo osungirako nyama.
Nthawi zambiri, mwiniwake amakumana ndi ichthyophthyroidism, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa matenda akuda amadzi. Potere, thupi la nsomba limakutidwa ndi ziphuphu zoyera - semolina, masango a tiziromboti.
Mukapanda kuchitira nsomba ziwiri kapena ziwiri, mwina akhoza kufa.
Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, ndikokwanira masiku angapo kukweza kutentha kwa madzi mu aquarium mpaka + 30 ... + 32 ° C ndikukhala ndi mphamvu komanso kusefedwa pamlingo wokwera.
Kuthira mchere pang'ono kumathandiza, supuni imodzi yamchere pa 10 malita amadzi.
Pansipa, timafotokoza mitundu yotchuka ya ma cichlases
Cichlazoma wakuda wokhala ndi miyala ndi imodzi mwamodzi mwa nsomba zodziwika bwino m'banjali. Izi ndi nsomba zochepa, zopanda chidwi posunga, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, owoneka bwino, ndipo ndizofunikira, mosiyana ndi ma cichlids ambiri, amakhala odekha.
Wina anganene kuti nsonga ya kutchuka kwawo yadutsa, kuti tsopano pali mitundu inanso yambiri yazithunzi ndi ma cichlase makamaka. Komabe, ziwerengerozi sizinama! Mpaka pano, ma cichlase akuda akuda, otchuka kwambiri mwamafukufuku onse mu kusaka kwa Yandex. Mwezi uliwonse, ogwiritsa ntchito osakira 2200 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi amafunsira izi.
Talingalirani za woyimilira dziko la aquarium mwatsatanetsatane.
Dzina lachi Latin: Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum. Kuchokera ku mawu achi Latin akuti "nigro" - wakuda ndi "fascia" - tepi, lamba, Mzere.
Mawu ofanana ku Russia: Cichlasoma ndi chomangidwa ndi khungu lakuda, cichlasoma ndi womangidwa wakuda, cichlamose amakhala wopanda gulu.
Mayina akunja: Zebra Cichlid, Zebra chanchito, Convict Cichlid, Zebrabuntbarsch Grunflossenbuntbarsch, Blaukehlchen.
Dongosolo, boma, banja: Perciformes (Perciformes), Perch, Cichlidae.
Kutentha kwamadzi: 20-28 ° C.
Acidity Ph: 6.8-8.0.
Kuuma dH: 8-30°.
Zovuta: 30% sakhala ankhanza, amawonetsa ankhanza panthawi yopanga ndi kusamalira ana.
Mavuto azinthu: zosavuta.
Mwakuthekera kwambiri, popatsa chidwi chotere, asodzi am'madzi amachokera kukula kwa nsomba. Cichlazoma wakuda wokhala ndi zingwe ndizocheperako kuposa diamondi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri amatha kuchipeza. Chifukwa chake kufunika!
Komabe, ngati malo otseguka am'madzi anu amalola kuti mukhale ndi nsomba 15 masentimita, ndipo mzimu ukafunsa kukongola ndi kunyezimira kokunyezimira - cichlazoma ya diamondi ingakhale chisankho chabwino kwa inu!
Dzina lachi Latin: C ichlasoma cyanoguttatum.
Mayina ena, ma synonyms, subspecies: Herichthys panoguttatum, Herichthys carpinte, Heros panoguttatum, Perlcichlidae, Pearlscale Cichlid, Green Texas cichlid, Heros temporatus, Herichthys temporatus, Cichlasoma laurae, Astatheros laurae.
Dzina lachi Russia: Daimondi cichlazoma.
Ma Synonyms: Pearl cichlazoma, Texas cichlid, diamondi cichlamose.
Ndondomeko, banja: Perch, cichlid.
Kutentha kwamadzi: 22-26 ° C.
Acidity Ph: 6.5-8.0.
Zovuta: 60% mwankhanza.
Kuuma dH: 25 °.
Kusunga kovuta: zosavuta.
Severum tsikhlazoma ndi m'modzi mwa oimira komanso otchuka kwambiri am'banja la cichlid. Ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe okongola, osiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimapangitsa munthu wokhala m'madzimo kukhala nsomba yokongola mwapadera. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chifukwa cha kukongola ndi mawonekedwe omwewo, Severum cichloma adadziwika kuti "discus yabodza".
Mwa njira, monga dzina! Pankhani ya Severums, pali chisokonezo china ndi dzina lawo la Chilatini. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti Severum yowona siimawoneka kawirikawiri m'mizinda yathu yamadzi, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba, yomwe ili ndi mayina awo osiyana, makamaka pamsika wa zoo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukonzanso, a Severums adapatsidwa mtundu wa Heros, koma anthu ambiri amawatcha Cichlasoma ndi "sarinka".
Chabwino, tiyeni tiyesere kuthana ndi zovuta zonse zamkatimu, kuchepetsa cichlazoma kumpoto ndikutsegula chophimba cha understatement.
Dzina lachi Latin: kale Cichlasoma severum, tsopano Heros severus.
Etymology: "Heros" kuchokera ku lat. - "ngwazi", "severum" kuchokera ku lat. - Kumpoto, koopsa, kokhwima. Amaganizira kuti mtunduwu udagwidwa kumpoto kwa mitundu ina, yomwe adaupatsa dzina "kumpoto".
Mayina ena, maulumikizidwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu: Astronotus severus, Heros efasciatus, Cichla severus, Heros appendiculatus, Golden severum (var. "Golide"), severum ya buluu (Heros sp. "Blau"), mutu wofiira (Heros sp. "Rotkeil"), eyiti-ndodo (Heros sp. "Inirida ), turquoise (Heros sp. "Turqoise Manaus"), maski ofiira (Heros sp. "Santarem"), larvophilous (Heros sp. "Mouthbreeder"), Heros sp. "Rotkeil Peru", Heros appendiculatus, Heros sp. "Guyana".
Zakunjamayina: Sewate cichlid, Augenfleckbuntbarsch, nsomba zotanthauzira za pielegnica.
Dzina lachi Russia: Severum tsikhlazoma, discus yabodza.
Ndondomeko, banja: Perciformes (Perciformes), Perch, Cichlidae.
Kutentha kwamadzi: 20-28 ° C (wokwanira 25 ° C).
Acidity Ph: 6.8-8.0.
Kuuma dH: 6-20°
Zovuta: 60% mwaukali, mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Mavuto azinthu: zosavuta.
MEHECA CYCHLASOMA
Cichlasoma meeki
Kwawo - Guatemala ndi Southern Mexico. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi.
Meeke cichlazomas amafika mpaka 15cm. Kutalika. Onyalanyaza kwambiri zomwe zili mwamtendere, koma zamtendere. M'malo otambalala, nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zimatha kukhala oyandikana nawo.
Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi akazi ndi zipsepse: ziphuphu ndi mainsini achimuna ndi akuthwa ndipo malekezero awo amakhala amtoto. Gawo lakumunsi laimuna limakhala lofiirira.
Chakudya: chikhala, chowuma, cholowa m'malo. Amakonda mtima wa ng'ombe ndi nyama ina yazakudya.
Cichlasoma sajica
Magawo a madzi akukonza: 22-28 ° C, dH mpaka 20 °, pH 6.8-7.8.
Mtundu: thupi ndi lofiirira, lomwe limawoloka 6 mpaka 9 mikwingwirima yakuda. Ma dorsal and anal fin shimmers okhala ndi ma buluu owala amtambo. Zachikazi ndi zofiirira, kumbuyo kwa thupi ndi chikaso, kumbuyo kwake kuli malo angapo agolide. Dorsal fin ndi anal fin pale yellow.
Nsombazo zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 12. Mwamtendere komanso mwamanyazi, amafunikira malo okhala.
CYCLASOMA WINE, SARAGDOVA
Cichlasoma temporale crassa
Magawo a madzi akukonza: 21-28 ° C, dH 5-20 °, pH 6.5-7.5.
Kwawo - tsa. Amazon ndi malo osungira kumpoto kwa South America.
Mtundu wa nsomba umasiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira ndi ubweya wofiyira kapena wagolide. Chingwe chamdima chosagwirizana chimadutsa thupi, chomwe chimatha. Pakati pa thupi pali malo akuda bii.
Zipsepse zake ndi chikasu chakuda. Dorsal fin ndi malire, caudal Fin wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Amuna ndi okulirapo kuposa akazi, ali ndi pamphumi yamafuta akuluakulu pamphumi pawo. Zipsepse ndizowonjezereka.
Ma cichlids amtendere awa. Anthu oyandikana nawo amatha kukhala nsomba zofanana kukula kwake ndi kupindika.
Pofuna kukonza, mumasowa malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 120 (osachepera) okhala ndi malo okhala ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Monga ndidanenera, malo okhala (grottoes, miyala, etc. sayenera kukhala akuthwa, opapatiza komanso ang'ono).
Cichlasoma citrinellum
Magawo a madzi akukonza: 23-28 ° C, dH mpaka 30 °, pH 6.5-8.
Kwawoko - Nyanja Managua ndi Nicaragua.
Mtundu wawukulu wamtundu wamtundu wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ya 6-7 kumbali komanso malo amdima pakati. Ndi zaka, utoto umatha kusintha kukhala wachikaso kapena wachikasu.
Mwaimuna, mzere wa pamphumi pamwamba pa maso ndi wopsinjika;
Ma cichlamoses awa ndiwankhanza kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yophukira amangokhala "nyama". Amatha kusungidwa m'madzi akuluakulu okha komanso ndi nsomba zofanana.
Chikondwerero cha Cichlasoma
Ma parameter amadzi omwe ali muzowonjezera ndikuwotchera sizofunika kwenikweni, kutentha kwake kosangalatsa pamtunda wa 21-25 ° C, mkati mwa dilution - 26-28 ° C.
Kwawo - tsa. Paraguay, Guiana, komanso mumtsinje. Amazon.
Wamphongo ndi wamkazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kokulirapo ndi mtundu wowala.
Nsombazo zimakhala zamtendere komanso zamanyazi, zimatha kusungidwa ndi mitundu yaying'ono, mwachitsanzo, ma cichlids a kutentha komweko (osati mwamphamvu kwambiri).
Kuti mukonze, mumafunika ngalande yokhala ndi madzi okwanira malita 100 (ocheperako) okhala ndi malo okhala ndi zomera zoyandama.
Sichizunguzanso chakudya: chamoyo, kuzizira, youma, cholowa m'malo. Zakudya zamasamba ndizofunikira.
Magawo a madzi pazomwe zalembedwa: 22-28 ° C, dH 4-25 °, pH 6.9-8.5.
Kwawo ndi gawo lakummawa kwa Central America.
Thupi limakhala lobiriwira kapena lamtambo. Kuyambira pakuwombera mpaka m'maso mpaka malo akuda kumtunda kwa maziko a malaya, pali chingwe chomangidwa mosagwedezeka chomwe chimazungulira malo amdima omwe ali mkati mwa thupi. Mapeto a dorsal ndi wobiriwira-buluu wokhala ndi malire wofiira, kumapeto kwake ndi dongo chikasu. Phale laudalal ndi anal anal m'munsi ndi dongo lachikaso, lofiira kunja.
Wamphongo amakhala utoto kwambiri, zipsepthizo ndizitali kwambiri. Yaikazi imakhala pakati pa dorsal fin ndi gawo lakumapeto kwa gill ndi malo akuda. "
Kutalika kwamphongo kumafika mpaka 16 cm, wamkazi ndi mpaka 13 cm.
Nsomba zimakhala zamtendere, koma ndikasinja ndikusamalira ana zimayamba kuchita ukali. Amakumba dothi lokhazikika m'malo otetezeka kuchokera kumtunda. Wamanyazi, wobisala pansi pa zigonje, miyala. Aquarium kwa okwanira malita 250.
Cichlasoma spilurum
Magawo a madzi akukonza: 21-28 ° C, dH mpaka 15 °, pH 6.5-7.
Kwawo - Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica.
Thupi limakhala louvoid, malekezero a dorsal fin ndi anal fin ndi atali. Kutalika kwa nsombazi kumafika mpaka 10 cm.
Mtundu wamtundu ndi wobiriwira, pambali pali mikwingwirima yakuda ya 7-8, masikelo okhala ndi malire wakuda ndi buluu amapanga mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Wamphongo ndi wamkulu kuposa wamkazi, zipsepazo zimakhala zofiirira. Yaikazi imakhala ndi chikasu.
Awa ndimatchulidwe achikondi okhathamira, omwe amakhala ankhanza pokhapokha patadutsa. Wokhala m'madzi akuluakulu okhala ndi nsomba zofanana.
Cichlasoma tetracanthum
Magawomadzi okonza: 25-30 ° C, dH mpaka 50 °, pH 5.8-8.8.
Kwawoko - Barbados ndi Cuba.
Mtundu wa nsombazo umasinthasintha ndipo umatha kusintha ndi zaka kapena "kusintha". Nthawi zambiri, mikwingwirima yambiri yowoneka bwino ndi mawanga zimamwazika pamtunda wobiriwira. Zikopa zachimuna zalongosoledwa, pilo yayikulu yamafuta imawoneka pamphumi ndi m'badwo.
Awa ndi ma cichlamoses achisoni, omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chankhanza kwambiri. Sakonda anthu oyandikana nawo, ndibwino kuti muziwasungira pawokha mu malo osungira nyama.
Cichlasoma facetum
Magawo a madzi akukonza: 20-27 ° C, dH mpaka 20 °, pH 6.5-7.5.
Kwawo - kumwera kwa Brazil, Uruguay ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina.
Mtundu wa cichlamose uyu ndi wosiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, utoto waukulu ndi wamtambo wonyezimira, koma umatha kukhala wobiriwira, wobiriwira wamtambo, komanso wofiira. Mthupi lonse, mikwingwirima yakuda 5-6 imadutsa.
Nsomba zimafika mpaka 10cm kutalika, mwamphamvu komanso malo. Anthu okhala pafupi akhoza kufanana kukula ndi kutentha kwa nsomba.
Managuan cichlid ndi nsomba yamphamvu komanso yowala. Amatchedwa malo ake achilengedwe. Mwa anthu wamba amatchedwa - jaguar (chifukwa cha mtundu wake). Kukula kwa nsomba mpaka 30 cm.
Managuan cihlazoma amatha kusungidwa kokha m'mizinda yayikulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Mukufuna aquarium yokhala ndi malita 400 (pa awiri), aquarium wamba ya malita 600-800 kapena kupitirira apo. Anthu oyandikana nawo akhoza kukhala ma cichlids akuluakulu. Simungathe kubzala nsomba zing'onozing'ono ... pokhapokha ngati madzulo.
Asodziwo amakhala odekha komanso amtendere, koma amasamala madera awo ngati alonda ... nyama zolusa zomwe sizimangodya nsomba zochepa zokha, komanso nyongolotsi zazikulu zam'mimba, nyongolotsi zam'mimba, mphutsi zazikulu, komanso chakudya chowuma.
Magawo amadzi otonthoza okhathamira: 24-27 ° C, anakhumba kuuma 15-25 °, pH 7-8. Pofunika kuthandizira komanso kusefa kwakwe kosinthika ndikusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse kukhala 1/3 ya voliyumu.
Mawonekedwe a jenda
Koma cichloma ya Sedzhik imadziwika ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ogonana ndi miyezi 5-7. Pofika nthawi iyi, yamphongo imakhala yayikulu komanso yamdima kuposa yaikazi, zipsepse zimayamba kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wamkaka (motero dzina lachiwiri: wopambana). Chachikazi chimakhala chocheperako komanso chopepuka, mafuta ochulukirapo pamphumi sanena.
Chosangalatsa cha male cichlazoma labiatum ndi "kukula" chitsotso cham'maso pamphumi pokhapokha ngati kumatulutsa. Pambuyo pake, imagwirizananso ndi kupumula kwa thupi la nsomba.
Zosintha mwa anthu akuluakulu pa nthawi yakutha msanga ndi kumatula ndizoyambira zamitundu mitundu monga lalanje cichloma (festacychlazoma). Ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje, wamphongo amayamba kubala msanga nthawi yatuluka. Komabe, ichi sichitsimikizo kuti chachikazi chimagwirizana ndikusenda chinali choyenera kwa iye. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mabanja a "lalanje" akhala akupanga kuyambira ali mwana. Ndipo sasintha kusankha kwawo kwa nsomba.
Koma vinyo wa cichlazoma, m'malo mwake, amadziwika ndi chakuti nthawi iliyonse wamwamuna asanakhwime ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wosankha mnzake.
Mayngano alibe kusiyana maonekedwe azimayi ndi abambo moyo wonse.
Kodi makolo ndi ndani?
Kusamalira ana anu ndi gawo lofunikira la mtundu uliwonse. Ngati ntchito yayikulu ya mkazi mu cichlazoma wofatsa kapena pawnshop ndikuyika mazira, ndiye kuti cichlazoma labiatum ndi mayi wosamala komanso wosadzikonda. Amateteza mazira kuti asawonongeke, nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi mwachangu ndipo amawadyetsanso mobisa.
Wabwino m'malo mwa makolo, vieha ndi brazhnik, nanakara ndi tetracanthus.
Tsikhlazoma multispinosis (molondola, herotylyapia ya multispinosis) idapitirabe mu chisamaliro chake cha ana am'tsogolo: kukhala pafupi ndi mazira ake, amawapaka ndi zipsepse, kupanga madzi otuluka komanso osagwiritsa ntchito mpweya pamoyo wawo. Izi zimalepheretsa mazira kukula ndikukula mwamwayi microflora.
Ndipo nayi cichlazoma wa ku Cuba yemwe anapeza a Valenciennes mu 1831Ndi chikondi changa chonse cha obwera pambuyo pake (kusunga mazira, makolowo mpaka amakumba mabowo panthaka yofewa ndikuwasinthanitsa kuchokera pamiyala yomwe idakhazikitsidwa) ndizosavomerezeka mu chakudya kotero kuti imatha kudya ena kapena mazira onse. Cican cichlazoma imakhalanso ndi kusintha kwamtundu wa nthawi, kutengera zaka ndi momwe zimakhalira.
Mawonekedwe a multicolor - culchis wa aulonocar amasiyana ndi abale mwatsatanetsatane. Kuberekanso nsomba zotere ndi njira yabwino komanso yapadera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti multicolor wachikazi amavala mazira ake mu sevalo larynx. Izi zimakhalapo mpaka kuwaswa. Pakuchepa, wamkazi amabisala mu una womwe wakumba pansi kapena chubu chokumbira, pomwe iwo amakumbidwa ndi cichlid. Kuchokera pamenepo, muyenera kufalitsa mwachangu komanso mosamala gawo lonse la ana mu aquarium ndi madzi ambiri mkati mwa malita 10. Kuphatikiza apo, ana a multicolor amadzazidwa ndi chakudya chamoyo, ngakhale usiku amalowa mkamwa mwa mayi wachikazi. Mwa njira, ngati munthu wamkulu msodzi nsomba ndi multicolor - zolengedwa zokonda mtendere ndi bata, mwachangu sayenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo mu aquarium wamba. Multicolor ndi nthumwi yapadera ya cichlase.
Mawonekedwe a makolo mwanzeru za maygano ndiwosiyana pang'ono. Mkazi akusambira ali ndi mazira mkamwa mwake kufunafuna wamwamuna pamalo amdima pafupi ndi anal fa. Atachipeza ndikusambira, amatenga madzi akumwa ndi mkamwa mwake, omwe amatsimikizira kuti umuna wa mazira a mayngano akuphatikizira mkamwa mwake. Izi ndi zomwe Mayngano amasamalira ana ake.
Pakati pa macichlases, mutha kusankha njira yoyenera nyumba yanu yokondedwa yam'madzi: kuchokera ku nsomba yodziwika bwino ya ceylachoma ofatsa kupita ku leopard cichlid kapena parrot wagolide. Ndikofunikira kukonzekera pasadakhale ndikuwonana ndi akatswiri. Kupatula apo, aliyense ayenera kukhala omasuka: onse okhala m'madzi am'madzi ndi anthu omwe ali nazo momwe angakondweretsere.