Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ukukonzekera kuletsa kugulitsa pulasitiki zotayidwa. Izi zidanenedwa ndi RIA Novosti Nduna ya Zachilengedwe ndi Ecology ya Russian Federation Dmitry Kobylkin.
"Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russia ndi wothandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana. Timathandizira zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi pakuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki. Ndipo ndikutsimikiza kuti tikupita ku izi. Maunyolo ambiri ogulitsa ambiri amatithandiza kale. Ndipo tikukonzekera zoletserazi, zimatenga nthawi kuti muzindikire ndi kuvomereza, ”adatero.
M'mbuyomu, Prime Minister waku Russia a Dmitry Medvedev sananene kuti mtsogolomu Russia ikana pulasitiki yonse. Nthawi yomweyo, adakumbukira kuti zaka zingapo zapitazo, umu ndi momwe aliyense adakhalira.
"Panalibe pulasitiki panthawi yomwe tinali kukula - mabotolo ndi mapepala okha. Tsopano pulasitiki ndiowopsa padziko lapansi. Mukudziwa kuti mayiko angapo akuganiza zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kale. Mwina tidzabweranso tsiku lina, ”adatsimikiza a Medvedev, poyankhula pa All-Russian Ecological Forum" Dziko Loyera ".
Kuyambitsanso Mwanzeru
State Duma idathandizira zoyeserera za Unduna wa Zachilengedwe. A Elena Serova, wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa State Duma Committee on Ecology and Environmental Protection, atafunsidwa ndi RT kuti mayiko onse otukuka akubwera pang'onopang'ono kudzasiya pulasitiki.
"Ndikukhulupirira kuti dongosololi ndilabwino, chifukwa pulasitiki m'dziko lathu lakhala kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, ndikukhulupirira kuti mayiko onse otukuka azisiyira pang'onopang'ono - pofikira zotayidwa, ”adatero Serova. "Imadetsa chilengedwe, motero ndimagwirizana ndi izi."
Kumbukirani kuti mu 2019 European Union idalengeza kuti ikufuna kuletsa kugulitsa zinthu zapulasitiki pofika chaka cha 2021, kuphatikiza mbale, zodulira, maudzu ndi masamba a thonje.
Zowopsa Zosachepera
Mavuto azachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi akuwonekeranso, ndipo boma la Russia likuchita zoyenera pokweza mavuto ngati amenewa. Malingaliro awa adagawidwa ndi Chairman wa Commission on Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation Albina Dudareva.
"Palibe phindu kutumiza pulasitiki ndipo sikuthandiza kukonza ... Lero ndizowopsa, ndipo maboma alabadira ndizofunikira kwambiri," adatero pokambirana ndi RT.
Malinga ndi iye, nthumwi za Public Chamber zidayendera manyumba ambiri mdziko muno ndikuti gawo lalikulu la zinyalalazi ndi pulasitiki. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinyalala za pulasitiki kumawonedwa ndendende m'malo osangalatsa. Kuchokera m'malo ngati amenewa ndikuyenera kuyambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ziletso.
"Timayang'ana mwachidwi muutumiki komanso mawu ake. Tikukhulupirira kuti sizingakhale zocheperachepera, koma zibweretsa njira zina zoletsa ntchito yogawa ziwiya zapulasitiki, ”adatero Dudareva.
Tcheyamani wa Commission on Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation amakumbukiranso kuti zaka zingapo zapitazo Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adawunikanso kuti aphunzire za zakumwa zonyamula mafuta komanso zomangira.
"Ndipo ndikhulupilira kuti lero utsogoleri wa Unduna wa Zachilengedwe udzamaliza izi pulezidenti kuti amalize ndikuwonetsa, mwina osatiletsa, koma njira zoletsa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyika ma biodegradable, zomwe sizingavulaze chilengedwe," adamaliza.
Kusinthana ndi Zida Zina
A Roman Pukalov, mkulu woyang'anira mapulogalamu azachilengedwe ku Green Patrol, adafotokozera RT kuti pali njira zambiri zopangira mapulasitiki, koma kusintha kwa zinthu zamtunduwu kuyenera kuchitika mwadongosolo.
"Kusintha pang'onopang'ono, osati kuyambira 2019, kuti tisawononge mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, koma kutipatsa mwayi woti musinthe njira zina. Izi zikusindikizidwa makatoni, ndi pepala lolemera, mbale zosinthika, ”adatsimikiza.
Katswiriyu anafotokozanso kuti, ngakhale mitundu ingapo ya pulasitiki imapangidwanso, njirayi imapanikizika ndi zinthu zingapo.
"Zotayika zotayidwa pambuyo pazithunzi zonse, maulendo atchire amathanso kukhala patchire, kapena mwauve kwambiri atalowa mu zinyalala. Makina ake amatha kuchitika, koma ndi osautsa: amafunika kutsukidwa, ayenera kusankhidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zina zambiri, mwina amatha kumapeto kwa chimbudzi kapena chomera chofiyira. Zingakhale bwinonso ngati kulibeko, ndipo anthu azigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zomwe sizingasinthike kapena zinthu zina zolembedwa, ”Pukalov adamaliza.
Kupulumutsidwa kwa a Miscanthus
Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russian Federation, motsatira zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, ukugwira ntchito yoletsa kugulitsa pulasitiki zotayidwa. Boma la Russia likukonzekeranso kulingalira zakukhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito matumba apulasitiki kuyambira 2025. EU ili patsogolo pathu pankhaniyi - kuletsa kugulitsa pulasitiki zotayikiridwa komweko kudzayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2021. Kukana si vuto, koma nditha bwanji?
Zomwe zimasakanizidwa patebulo ku Russia zimapanga pafupifupi mabiliyoni 14 pachaka (izi zimaphatikizapo magalasi apulasitiki, zida zamagetsi, mbale, ndi zina). Mtundu wogulitsa kwambiri ndi makapu ndi mbale; iwo amapangira zoposa 77% ya zinthu zapulasitiki.
Malo ogulitsira zakudya osakhalitsa (a McDonald's, KFC, Burger King) ndi 37% ya zida zonse zotayika. Ogwiritsa ntchito apulasitiki otsatira ndi nzika zopita kumapikisheni - 26%. Kenako pakubwera khofi wotseguka - 21%. Ndipo zonsezi zimachitika paziwopsezo zathu, pomwe, popanda kuwonongeka, zimabweretsa mavuto osaneneka ku chilengedwe cha dziko chokhazikika
95% ya anthu aku Russia amaganiza kuti kuwononga pulasitiki ndi vuto lofunikira. 74% ya Russia ali okonzeka kukana kugwiritsa ntchito zochotsera matebulo ndi matumba, ngakhale izi zingawapatse zovuta m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. M'mawu, funso lakhazikika.
Osewera pamsika pulasitiki
Msika wapulasitiki wapanyumba unayamba kukwera pambuyo pokhazikitsa ntchito zoteteza (mpaka 70% ya mtengo wa ziwiya) zogulitsa kunja kwa kumapeto kwa 1990s. Masiku ano ku Russia kuli anthu opanga matebulo 100 otayika, komabe, pakati pawo alipo ochepa kwambiri.
Imodzi mwa makampani odziwika kwambiri omwe amapanga mapepala okhala ku Russia ndi akuti ndi Huhtamaki. Makasitomala ake ndi McDonalds, PepsiCo, Starbucks, Nestle, Unilever, etc.
Mmodzi mwa akale kwambiri komanso otsogolera opanga pulasitiki opezeka ku Moscow ndi ZAO Range. Vasily Shataev. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa mu 1992 pamaziko a Factory of haberdashery, ndalama zomwe zimapezeka pachaka kuchokera ku kampaniyi pogulitsa ma tebula amatayidwa okha ndi biliyoni biliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, Vasily Shataev ndi mwiniwake wa makampani ena atatu omwe amapereka ma glassware ndi ma CD apulasitiki: Miterra Matriks JSC, Mystery Plast LLC ndi Mysteria Network CJSC.
Artplast JSC idapangidwa mu 1995 ndi ophunzira angapo a MEPhI, omwe adayamba kugulitsa matumba apulasitiki pamsika wa Pokrovsky ku Moscow kuti apeze ndalama zophunzirira komanso kusangalala. Tsopano ndalama za kampaniyo ndi ma ruble 5.3 biliyoni.
Wina wamkulu wopanga pulasitiki wotayika ndi ZAO Inteko. Bungweli lidakhazikitsidwa mu 1991 ndi Elena Baturina, mkazi wa wakale wa Meya wa Moscow Yuri Luzhkov. Mu zaka zoyambilira za ntchito yake, Inteko adasinthiratu ntchito zopanga pulasitiki, koma kenako adalowa mu bizinesi yomanga, atasiya kukhala patsogolo pamsika wapulasitiki.
Popeza kutumiza kwa ma tableware otayika ndikosapindulitsa, msika ukukula mwachangu kumadera. Novosibirsk LLC imawerengedwa kuti nditsogoleri m'derali.Fopos».
Ndipo onse awo amangopereka mabiliyoni awo phindu?
Palibe cholowa m'malo mwachilengedwe?
Pulasitiki imatha kusinthidwa ndi mbale zosakanikirana, zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe zamphepo (bamboo, matabwa, nkhata, masamba amanjenje). Ndizoyeneranso kwa zinthu zozizira komanso zotentha, sizithyoka, sizipsa, komanso sizigwiritsanso ntchito.
Mwayi unapezeka wopewetsa ziletso za Moscow pa ndege pakati pa Russia ndi Georgia. Ku Georgia, adaganiza kuti akhazikitse mabasi osakira aulere kupita mdziko muno kuchokera kuma eyapoti apafupi ku Baku, Yerevan ndi Trabzon.
Ku Russia, pamakampani omwe akupereka ziwiya zomwe zingawongoleredwe, LLC "Yodziwika"Geowita". Makasitomala a Geovita ndi zilembo za Tread, Crossroads, Gourmet ya Globalbus, Mtengo Wokonza, etc.
Koma makamaka kudalira zinthu zomwe zingawongolere sikuyenera. Zinapezeka kuti matumba ndi matumba olembedwa kuti "pulasitiki oyimitsa bwino" amakhalabe osungika, ngakhale atakhala pansi zaka zitatu. Poyera, nthawi yowonongeka ndiyosakwana miyezi isanu ndi inayi.
Makampani ambiri akhazikitsa kale zida zamapepala, makamaka Huhtamaki. Komabe, ziwiya zapepala sizotetezeka monga momwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira. Kupanga chikho cha makatoni wamba kumaphatikizira kuwira cellulose mu njira ya sulfate yomwe ili ndi zinthu zovulaza (caustic koloko, sodium sulfide). Nthawi yomweyo, madzi ambiri amafunikira kupanga, omwe pamapeto pake amachotseredwa ngati zotayira.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi kukhala?
Tidzaza dziko lapansi ndi Miscanthus
Njira yosangalatsa yosinthira pulasitiki imaperekedwa ndi amalonda ochokera ku Siberia - kupanga mbale kuchokera ku Miscanthus (udzu wamuyaya wa banja lamphesa).
Miscanthus alidi ndi zabwino zambiri. Kuchokera pachomera, mutha kutulutsa makatoni nthawi yomweyo, kudutsa gawo logaya. Izi zikuchepetsa mavuto pa zachilengedwe - mphamvu zochepa, madzi, madzi ofunikira adzafunika. Miscanthus ndi wobala m'munda, amatha kubzala ma experians aku Siberian, pomwe madera akuluakulu ku Europe tsopano amakhala ndi anthu ogwiriridwa chifukwa cha biofuel.
Kulima ndi kukonza miscanthus ndi ntchito zochuluka kwambiri paulimi. Titha kuwachulukitsa ndi dziko lonse lapansi, monga kale ndi tirigu ndi mafuta. Koma pakadali pano, kudera la Siberia kuli malo amtunda umodzi wokha wa Miscanthus wokhala ndi malo a mahekitala 40 - pafupi ndi Biysk. Ndipo fakitale imodzi yapadera.
Ndipo china chake chimatiuza kuti omwe opanga ziwiya zapulasitiki pano sangakhazikitse ndalama mumabizinesi atsopano - izi ndizodula komanso zowopsa. Ndipo azichita munjira yakale - nkhondo yaposachedwa kukhalabe ndi udindo komanso olimbikitsa kupanga zisankho. Chifukwa chake, panjira, opanga makina osokoneza bongo a PET akhala akugwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri, akulimbana ndi zitini zachilengedwe za aluminium.
Komabe, ndikufuna kulakwitsa pamenepa ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti tsiku lina Miscanthus tsiku lina atipulumutsa ku zinyalala zonyansa.
Ndalama zolipirira zachilengedwe
Mu Disembala chaka chatha, All-Russian Popular Front idalengeza kuti ikufuna kupereka malingaliro kuti Unduna wa Zachilengedwe wa Russian Federation udzetse ziletso pazomwe zimapangidwa ndikulowetsa zinthu zotayika kuchokera ku pulasitiki. Monga momwe atolankhani ogwira ntchito pagulu amafotokozera, akuyenera kuti muphatikize matumba apulasitiki, mbale za pulasitiki, masamba a thonje, ndi machubu a malo omwera mndandanda wazinthu zotere.
Cholinga cha ONF ndikuti chiwonjezere msonkho wa chilengedwe pamtundu wanowu. Ndipo izi, zizitsogolera m'malo mwake ndi zofananira zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosawoneka bwino monga bamboo kapena chimanga.
Bungweli lidatinso kukana pulasitiki kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono. Chaka chotsiriza cha kumaliza kusinthaku, m'malingaliro awo, chikhoza kukhala cha 2024.
Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi a paramende ndi otsimikiza: zimatenga nthawi kuti "muzindikire ndikuvomereza" zoletsa
Chithunzi: flickr.com/Rob Deutscher
Kuyambira 2021, kufalitsa ziwiya zapulasitiki ndizoletsedwa ku European Union. Russia ikufunanso kuthana ndi zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi ndikukonzekera kusiya zida zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa, anatero a Dmitry Kobylkin, wamkulu wa Unduna wa Zachilengedwe, pa Meyi 7. Komabe, aphungu a nyumba yamalamulo amapereka malingaliro asanakhazikitse malamulo oganiza momwe angabwezeretsere mbale ndi makapu omwe atha ntchito.
Pulasitiki yakhala gawo la chakudya.
"Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Russia ndi wothandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana. Timalimbikitsa zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki. Ndipo ndikudziwa, tikupita ku izi, " Dmitry Kobylkin Nkhani za RIA ".
Malinga ndi undunawu, maunyolo ambiri ogulitsa amathandizira zoyambitsa dipatimentiyi, yomwe "ikukonzekera zochepera." Tsopano, malo ena ogulitsira, mwachitsanzo, ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zikwama zamapepala ndi kulongedza kuchokera kuzinthu zosavuta zachilengedwe.
Pulasitiki imayambitsa zowonongeka zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kuwonongeka kwake kumayambira zaka 400 ndipo kumatenga zaka 50 mpaka 120 - kotero pamtengo wopangira zinthu kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa, chiopsezo cha Dziko lapansi chodzala ndi zinyalala za polymer nthawi yayitali isanathe. Pakalipano mu Pacific Ocean chilumba chapangidwa kuchokera kuzinyalala zamapulasitiki ndi malo a 1.5 miliyoni mamilimita, omwe, chifukwa cha mafunde, akuchulukirachulukira.
Tikakana mapepala apulasitiki
Russia idazindikira kale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kumayenera kuyendetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Disembala chaka chatha, All-Russian Popular Front idalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kupanga ndi kutumiza zinthu zotayika kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa, ndikuwapatula kukhala gulu lina lokhala ndi msonkho wowonjezeka. Kenako opanga nyumba zamalamulo ku St. Petersburg ndi Leningrad Region adalimbikitsa kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mbale zamapulasitiki, matumba apulasitiki ndikunyamula zodetsa zachilengedwe ku zochitika za mumzinda ndi zamankhwala.
Ndipo mu Marichi 2019, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev ndipo adatinso kuti ku Russia posachedwa pamilandu yamavomerezedwe adzaganizira za kuletsa kwa ma tebulo opangidwa ndi pulasitiki.
Pachifukwa ichi, mawu a Dmitry Kobylkin samawoneka wamba. Komabe, ndi mtundu wanji wa maphunziro omwe tingalankhule?
Muyenera kuwunika zotsatira zake
Musanasiye mbale zamapulasitiki, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa kapangidwe kake kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe - mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pamapepala ndi makatoni, omwe amawola ndipo samakhumudwitsa bwino chilengedwe. Makampani aku Russia ali ndi mwayi uliwonse wopanga zinthu ngati izi, ndili ndi chitsimikizo kuti nduna ya Komiti ya Duma Committee pa Zachilengedwe ndi Kuteteza chilengedwe Kirill Cherkasov. Komabe, ndunayo idazindikira kuti ku Russia kulibe mabizinesi okwanira omwe amapanga zinthu zotere.
Pulasitiki iyenera kusinthidwa ndi zinthu zopanda vuto.
Ku European Union, komwe ziwiya zotayika za pulasitiki zaletsedwa kuyambira 2021, njira ina yakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo mapulogalamu okondweretsa nthawi yomweyo sanatero, koma m'malo mwake amapulasitika. Ndipo kuti mbale zosakanika bwino sizotsika mtengo kwambiri, zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zinapangidwanso.
Chifukwa chake, wapampando wa Komiti ya Federation Council on Agrarian and Food Policy and Environmental Management Alexey Mayorov adapempha amalonda kuti aphunzire momwe angapangire zopangira ma phukusi kuchokera kuzinthu zochezeka ndi chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano. "Tikuyenera kutsatira nthawi ndikusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki ndi ziwiya," adauza nyuzipepala ya Nyumba yamalamulo. - Koma mutuwu ukuyenera kukambidwa ndi akatswiri aluso, mabungwe aboma ndi oyimira mabizinesi. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kuletsa mapulasitiki sikupangitsa kuti mitengo yomaliza ipangidwe ndipo izi sizipezeka kwa ogula. ”
Masiku amenewo
Kuphatikiza apo, chikalatacho chikugogomeza mfundo za "olipitsa" - biluyo imakulitsa udindo wa opanga kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. Makamaka, izi zimagwira ntchito pazolipira ma network omwe adatayika munyanja, omwe amafunika kulipira osati asodzi, koma opanga. Makampani adzafunikanso kulembera ndudu zosefera, makapu, mapaketi amapukuta ndi zonyansa zokhala ndi machenjezo omwe atayikira pulasitiki yoyipa.
European Commission idaganiza zoletsa pulasitiki zotayidwa ku Europe kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018. Komanso boma la UK lidayankhula za mapulani oletsa kugulitsa mathonje a thonje ndi machubu apulasitiki mchaka cha 2018.
Pulasitiki imadziunjikira kunyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja ku EU ndi kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha kuwola kochepa, zomwe zadziwika mu Nyumba yamalamulo ya ku Europe. Malinga ndi iye, zinthu za pulasitiki zimaposa 80% yazinyalala zonse zam'nyanja, pomwe 70% ya zinthu zotere zimagwera zolembedwa ndi omwe adalandira.
Nyumba yamalamulo ya ku Europe yaletsa ntchito zopangidwa zapulasitiki zotayidwa - ma sapuni, mafoloko, mbale, zikho, zakumwa zakumwa ndi zina. Kodi nchifukwa chiyani dziko lakumadzulo limakana zinthu zosavuta zotere?
Europe imakana pulasitiki
Pa Marichi 27, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Europe idaletsa kugulitsa mapulasitiki otayika ndi zinthu zina, monga masamba a thonje. Chikalatacho chinathandizidwa ndi nduna 560, ndipo 35 zokha ndi omwe anavota. Kuletsa kuyambika kugwira ntchito mu 2021.
Nyumba Yamalamulo imakhazikitsanso cholinga chatsopano: pofika chaka cha 2029, mudzasonkhanitsa mpaka 90% mabotolo apulasitiki otayidwa. Kenako zimakonzedwa, ndipo zatsopano zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zidapezeka.
Kuphatikiza apo, Europe yawonjezera udindo wopanga zinthu zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki, monga tackle tackle. Boma latsopanoli limaonetsetsa kuti opanga, osati asodzi, azilipira ntchito yosonkhanitsa omwe ali pa Intaneti omwe adasowa panyanja.
Malamulo pamapeto pake amakakamiza osuta kuti adziwitsidwe kuti ndudu zoponyedwa mumsewu ndizosefera pulasitiki ndizowononga chilengedwe. Zolembapo zitha kupakidwa phukusi. Izi sizikugwira ntchito kokha ku ndudu, komanso zinthu zina monga makapu apulasitiki ndi kupukuta konyowa.
Malinga ndi European Commission, zoposa 80% ya zinyalala zam'nyanja ndi mapulasitiki. Ndipo pafupifupi zinyalala zonsezi ndizinthu zomwe lamulo latsopano limaletsa.
Pulasitiki amawola pang'onopang'ono. Amadziunjikira munyanja, nyanja zam'madzi ndi nyanja ndikumazungulira padziko lapansi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta pulasitiki timapezeka m'zinthu za anthu okhala m'madzi - akamba, zisindikizo, anamgumi, komanso nsomba ndi nkhono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pulasitiki imalowa m'thupi la munthu ndi chakudya.
Ndalamayo imakwaniritsanso zolinga zachuma chokha: izi zidzachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za EU pazachilengedwe ndi mauro biliyoni 22. Ndi kuchuluka kwa izi komwe kuwonongeka kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki ku Europe mpaka 2030 akuyerekeza.
Momwe pulasitiki imalowera m'thupi la munthu
Anthu akamalankhula zakulowetsa pulasitiki m'thupi la munthu, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za microplastics - izi ndi zidutswa za pulasitiki aliyense wochepera mamilimita 5 kutalika.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tapulasitiki kameneka timatha kulowa mthupi osati ndi nsomba zodyedwa, komanso ndi madzi wamba wamba m'sitolo. Kafukufuku wina waku America adawonetsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri timapezeka m'mabotolo 93% amadzi kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana. Momwe ma tinthu amafikira m'mabotolo sanatsimikizidwebe bwinobwino. Mwina izi zimachitika pomanga botolo pafakitale, ndipo mwina ogula akamatsegulira botolo.
Ofufuza ena amati microplastics sungathe kupulumutsidwa: imapezeka ngakhale m'mlengalenga. Ndipo asayansi achi China adapeza zigawo zake m'matumba onse amchere omwe amagulidwa kumsika.
Popanga pulasitiki, mankhwala oopsa komanso osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zatsimikiziridwa kale kuti anthu am'madzi apulasitiki amayamba kukhala ndi mavuto a chiwindi komanso njira zotupa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi thirakiti. Malinga ndi asayansi, mu nsomba zamapulasitiki, ntchito zimachepa ndipo kuthekera kosochera m'masukulu kumachepa.
Pali ngozi ya pulasitiki kwa anthu. Plastiki imatha kukhala ndi 1% mpaka 40% ya chinthu chotchedwa dioctyl phthalate. Katunduyu, pakudya ndi mayi wapakati, zimatha kusokoneza ana: mwana akhoza kubadwa ndi mbolo kapena tinthu tating'ono. Mwa amuna, dioctyl phthalate amachititsa kuwonongeka mumtundu wa umuna.
Vuto lina lowopsa ndi bisphenol A. Wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma pulasitiki ngati cholimba kwa theka la zaka. Bisphenol A imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga polycarbonate, pulasitiki yolimba yowoneka bwino yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mabotolo amadzi, zida zamasewera, zida zamankhwala komanso zodzaza mano. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwapadera kwa bisphenol A pakulowa m'thupi la munthu kumabweretsa mavuto ndi mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, chiwindi, komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga a 2.
Popanga mitundu ina ya pulasitiki, tetrabromobisphenol A imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.