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Moray eel nsomba Zokhudza banja la ma eels ndipo amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo komanso chikhalidwe chake chankhanza. Ngakhale a Roma Akale ankaweta nsomba izi mu mabatani ndi m'madziwe otchingidwa.

Pazifukwa kuti nyama yawo imawonedwa ngati yopanda tanthauzo, ndipo mfumu Nero, wotchuka chifukwa cha nkhanza zake, ankakonda kusangalatsa abwenzi pomaponyera akapolo padziwe la maimelo. M'malo mwake, zolengedwa izi zimachita manyazi komanso zimangogunda munthu ngati zasokonekera kapena zapweteka.

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Moray eel nsomba ndi chilombo chomwe chimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yambiri chofanana ndi njoka. Mwachitsanzo, thupi lamphamvu la njoka limawalola kuti asangoyenda mosavuta m'madzi, komanso kubisala m'miyala yaying'ono ndi miyala yamiyala. Maonekedwe awo ndi owopsa komanso osasangalatsa: kamwa yayikulu ndi maso ang'ono, thupi limasunthidwa pang'ono m'mbali.

Ngati mukuyang'ana chithunzi pamiyeso, titha kuonanso kuti zilibe zipsepse zamakutu, pomwe ziphuphu zokhala ndi mafinya zimapangika.

Mano ake ndi akuthwa komanso aatali, motero pakamwa pa nsomba sipamatsekeka konse. Masomphenya mu nsomba samapangidwa bwino, ndipo amawerengera omwe akumuvuta ndi fungo, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wodziwonera kuti ali ndi nyama nthawi yayitali bwanji.

Moray eel ilibe mamba, ndipo mtundu wake ungasinthe malinga ndi malo omwe amakhala. Anthu ambiri ali ndi mtundu wa motley wokhala ndi ma buluu komanso achikasu achikuda, komabe, pali nsomba zoyera.

Chifukwa cha makulidwe ake okhala ndi utoto, ma eyeloni amatha kukhala omata bwino, osagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Khungu la moray eels limakulungidwa bwino lomwe ndi mawonekedwe apadera a ntchofu, omwe ali ndi bactericidal ndi antiparasitic katundu.

Ingoyang'anani kanema wa nsomba wamakhalidwe kuti mupeze mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa: kutalika kwa thupi la moray eel kuchokera pa masentimita 65 mpaka 380 kutengera mtundu, ndi kulemera kwa oyimira pawokha atha kupitilira chizindikiro cha 40 kilogalamu.

Kutsogolo kwa nsomba kumakhala kwakakang'ono kuposa kumbuyo. Ma eel a Moray nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kulemera komanso miyeso yambiri kuposa zazimuna.

Mpaka pano, mitundu yoposa zana ya zilembo zamtunduwu zidatchulidwa. Zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse kumapeto kwa nyanja zam'madzi za Indian, Atlantic ndi Pacific m'malo otentha komanso otentha.

Amakhala makamaka mwakuya kwakukulu mpaka mamita makumi asanu. Mitundu ina, monga moray eel, imatha kugwa mpaka mamita zana ndi makumi asanu ndipo ngakhale kutsikira.

Mwambiri, mawonekedwe a anthu awa ndiwachilendo kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kupeza wina nsomba zam'mawa. Pali chikhulupiriro chofala chakuti ma eyala am'mimba ndi nsomba zapoizoni, zomwe siziri pafupi kwenikweni ndi chowonadi.

Kulumwa kwa Moray eel kumakhala kowawa kwambiri, kuphatikiza apo, nsombayo imagwira mano ake molimba gawo limodzi kapena gawo lina la thupi, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuzimasulira. Zotsatira zoluma ndizosasangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa moray eel mucus muli zinthu zomwe zimapweteketsa anthu.

Ndiye chifukwa chake chilondacho chimachiritsa kwakanthawi yayitali komanso chimapangitsa kusasokonekera nthawi zina, pamakhala zochitika zina pomwe kuluma kwa eel kunayambitsa kupha.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Nsomba zimatsogolera moyo wachisangalalo. Masana, nthawi zambiri imabisala m'matanthwe a korali, m'miyala yamiyala kapena pakati pamiyala, ndipo ndikayamba kwausiku, imasaka nthawi zonse.

Anthu ambiri amasankha kuya kwa mamita 40 kuti akhale ndi moyo, nthawi yambiri amakhala m'madzi osaya. Ponena za kufotokozera kwa ma eel Moray, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti nsomba izi sizikhazikika m'masukulu, zimakonda moyo wodzipatula.

Ma eel maria masiku ano ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso okonda kupanga mkondo. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zamtunduwu, ngakhale zimakhala zidyera, sizikuwombera zinthu zazikulu, komabe, ngati munthu mwangozi kapena mwadala adasokoneza kuyipa kwa eel, imamenya nkhondo mwankhanza komanso mokwiya.

Kugundika kwa nsomba kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, chifukwa kumakhala ndi nsagwada zowonjezera pakupanga chakudya chokwanira, kotero ambiri amachifanizira ndi grip ya bulldog.

Moray eels

Pa maziko a kudya kwa ma eay Moray pali nsomba zingapo, cuttlefish, urchins zam'madzi, octopus ndi nkhanu. Masana, amisala amisala amabisala pakati pamiyala yosiyanasiyana ya miyala yamiyala ndi miyala, pomwe ali ndi luso labwino kwambiri.

Usiku, nsomba zimasaka, ndikuyang'ana fungo lawo labwino, zimasaka nyama. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi zimaloleza kuti ziwachititse kunyanyala.

Zikatero, ngati wovutikayo ndiwamkulu kwambiri kuti angadwale, amayamba kudzithandiza yekha ndi mchira wake. Nsombayo imapanga mtundu wa "mfundo", yomwe, kudutsa thupi lonse kumapangitsa kupanikizika kwambiri mu minofu ya nsagwada, mpaka kufika pa tani imodzi. Zotsatira zake, Moray eel imaluma kachidutswa kakang'ono kavuto lake, kuti ikwaniritse pang'ono njala.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Kufalikira kwa matendawa kukuchitika ndi kuponya mazira. M'nyengo yozizira, amasonkhana m'madzi osaya, komwe mazira amachitika mwachindunji.

Mazira a nsomba omwe amabwera mdziko lapansi ali ndi kukula kwake (osapitirira mamilimita), kotero omwe amatha kupitilira pamtunda wopambana, motero anthu ochokera "ana" amabalalika kupita kumalo osiyanasiyana.

Mphutsi za nsomba za moray, zomwe zimabadwa, zimatchedwa "leptocephalus". Ma eel amodzi amayamba kutha msinkhu ali ndi zaka zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, pambuyo pake amayamba kubereka mopitilira.

Kutalika kwa moyo wamankhwala obisika kwachilengedwe kuli pafupifupi zaka khumi. Mu malo osungira nyama, nthawi zambiri amakhala osaposa zaka ziwiri, pomwe amawadyetsa makamaka ndi nsomba ndi shrimp. Akuluakulu amapatsidwa chakudya pafupifupi kamodzi pa sabata, ma eel a achinyamata amadyetsedwa, motsatana, katatu pa sabata.

Kufotokozera za nsomba za Moray eel ndi chithunzi

Thupi lokwera, mutu wawukulu wokhala ndi mkondo wamtambo, awiriawiri amphuno ndi maso ang'ono. Amawoneka owundana (kwenikweni, amangowona molakwika - amasiyanitsa kayendedwe, amawona kusiyana pakati pa kuwala ndi mthunzi, koma kuyang'ana ukuchitika kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kafungo ndi masamba omwe amapezeka paliponse la thupi).

Pakamlomo pakamwa palinso ma fangs. Moray eel nthawi zambiri amayembekezedwa pakubisala pakamwa pake - kutulutsa madzi ndikutulutsa (palibe gill). Kapangidwe kosangalatsa kamwa: pakatikati pa chizolowezi, chopanda lilime, chachiwiri chimabisika - mtundu wamitundu yaying'ono, kupita patsogolo pogwira nyama. Imakhala chogwirira ndi nsagwada zinayi, zamphamvu, ngati galu womenyera nkhondo, ndipo nsagwada izi zimatha kuthyola chidutswa champhamvu kwambiri.

Choonadi Ngakhale zili zaukali, zolengedwa izi zimatha kukhala mdziko lapansi ndi "othandizira": oyeretsa mosangalatsa komanso mndandanda wazithunzi (amakhala pamisomali yoyipa ndikuwayeretsa ndi majeremusi ndi zinyalala za chakudya). Nthawi zina amagwirizana ndi magulu a perch ndipo amasaka pamodzi pakati pa corals.

Njoka kapena nsomba

Moray eel ndi nsomba yam'madzi yooneka ngati njoka. Zizindikiro zofananira:

thupi lopapatiza
kusapezeka kwa zipsepse zamkati ndipo nthawi zina zopota, pomwe zipsepse zamkati ndi zamkati zimalumikizana ndi thupi kotero kuti zimakhala zosadziwika bwino,
kusowa kwa ma gill,
mutu wopanda pake
njira yosambira, kupukusira mafunde mthupi lonse (izi zimathandizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka mafupa).

Zikuti

Kodi moray eel amakhala kuti? M'miyala yonse yamiyala yamnyanja ya Atlantic ndi Pacific. Khalidwe limadziwika ndi mawu atatu:

Zoyala m'matanthwe pansi pamadzi, masango a miyala yamiyala yamiyala yam'madzi, ndi malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri osaka. Pomwepo amakhala m'malo obisalira, ndipo chisoni cha zamoyozo, akusambira kupita komwe keleli amakhala! Pazakudya amapita:

nsomba zameza zonse
cuttlefish ndi octopus - adang'ambika zidutswa. Ngati chidacho chomwe chagwidwa m'nsagwada sichikumuluka, mchira umayamba kugwira ntchito: imagwira kuchithandizo chapafupi (nthawi zambiri mwala), thupi limapindika kukhala mfundo yolimba kwambiri, minyewa imagwedezeka mpaka kumutu - ndipo chifukwa chake, kupanikizika kwa nsagwada kumawonjezeka nthawi zambiri,
akhwangwala, olembetsa, osankhika.

Choonadi Malinga ndi ichthyology, munthu aliyense amakhala ndi ziwalo zoberekera zonse ziwiri wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Izi zimaphatikizidwa ndikukhala ndekha. Koma "ziwiri zimafunikira mchikondi": Mwamuna ndi mkazi amafunika kuti aberekane! Ndani wa iwo lero yemwe - mwachidziwikire, amasankha m'chinenedwe chawo ...

Poizoni kapena ayi

Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu ankakhulupirira kuti ma eel moray ndi oopsa komanso owopsa kwa anthu, osati chifukwa chongolankhula pakamwa. Modabwitsa, khungu limakutidwa ndi poizoni woopsa (palibe umboni wa sayansi pamenepa), ndipo mano, ngati njoka, amatenga poyizoni m'mabala (koma palibe ziwalo zotulutsa). Kulumwa kumatundumuka, kumakhala kowawa kwambiri komanso kumachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa malovu mkamwa amalowa, momwe zinyalala za chakudya zimakhazikika, chifukwa chake, mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilombo timachulukana mokwanira. Pali chiopsezo cha chiphe chakupha cha anthu omwe amadya nyama zapoizoni zapoizoni.

Mitundu ili ndi mitundu 10 ya ma eel morels:

Zilombozi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Utoto, wowoneka bwino, wam'munsi, ndi wa maboala, wamawangamawanga, wamtambo, wobiriwira, wobiriwira, wachikasu, wachikaso. Amasiyana kukula - yayikulu, yapakati, yaying'ono.

Achibale apafupi kwambiri ochokera kubanja lomwelo ndi hymnothoraxes. Komanso zimasiyana kuchokera zazing'ono mpaka zazitali. Gimnatorrax yomwe ili ndi madontho akuda ndi Indo-Pacific, imadyedwa ndi tinsomba tating'ono ndi crustaceans. Mtundu wakuda sukula kuposa masentimita 80. Ndipo woyandikana nawo mu mtundu wa Javanese amafikira kutalika kwa mamita atatu ndipo amatha kuyimitsa chingwe kapena shark, ndipo ndibwino kuti osiyanasiyana asalowe m'njira yake.

Chifukwa cha kutha kwa zinthu zonse zamoyo, zomwe mosazungulira sizisamba, Javanese hymnothorax imapeza mankhwala oopsa m'matupi - siugatoxin, omwe amachititsa matenda a ciguater (poyizoni wowopsa ndikusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kutseka kwamilomo ndi lilime, kusinthana kutentha ndi kuzizira). Koma palibe chomwe chikuwopseza kuchuluka kwa zigawenga izi, palibe adani achilengedwe, ndipo anthu samawagwira - ndani akufuna kudwala?

Madzi abwino

Cholembera cham'madzi oyera, kapena matayala a Gymnothorax, amangotchedwa choncho - kwenikweni ndiwofikira m'madzi. Zocheperako - pafupifupi 60 cm.Zowonekera kwachilengedwe komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kumamupatsa mwayi wokhala m'madzi oyera kwa nthawi yayitali. Dziwe limatha kukhala labwino mpaka 5 ppm. Amamva bwino m'madzi amchere. Malo okhala abwino ndi onse amtsinje wa mitsinje (mitsinje yokhala ndi malire ku nyanja), ndi madzi am'mphepete mwa Indonesia, Philippines, ndi India.

Golide (wachikasu)

Golide ali ndi mayina ena: golide-womata, wachikasu Canary komanso Eel bastard (bastard eel). Malinga ndi mboni zowona ndi maso, zikuwoneka ngati nthochi yoyandama, ndipo zithunzi zimatsimikizira izi. Nthawi zambiri khungu la "nthochi" limakongoletsedwanso ndi mawanga amdima, ndipo kamwa yake imakhala yoyera, yomwe imapangitsanso kufanana. Ichi ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono ka Moray eel - kukula kuchokera 5 mpaka 40 cm, nthawi zina amakula mpaka 70. Amakhala kumadzulo konse kwa Atlantic - kuchokera ku Florida ndi Bermuda mpaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil. Imapezekanso kuzilumba za Cape Verde, m'mphepete mwa Africa.

Chakuda

Katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Britain Mark Catesby, wolemba The Natural History of California, Florida, ndi Bahamas, adafotokoza mtundu wa moray eel - maculata nigra. Iyenso adjambula ndikuyika pamatabwa zithunzi za nyama ndi zomera.Pali chojambula ndi chojambula kuchokera pachiyambidwe chake (cha 1750) - chinsomba chakuda chagona pansi, ndikupumula pansi pa mphonje ya korona wakhungu ndikakulunga mchira wake mozungulira.

Mediterranean

Mediterranean moray eel (helena) ndiye wophunziridwa kwambiri. Kutalika kwambiri kwa thupi ndi 1.5 m. Sichinthu chambiri kuwedza, koma nthawi zina chimagwidwa payekhapayekha - ngati masewera osangalatsa kapena nyama, mbedza kapena mbedza.

Zamagetsi

Ndipo cholengedwa ichi ndi chopeka. Nthanoyi idawonekera chifukwa chofanana ndi eel. Ziphuphu zamagetsi zimakhalapo - asayansi posachedwapa adasanthula ndi kudziwa za mitundu itatuyo (zinkakhala kuti inali imodzi, Electrophorous).

Kufotokozera kwamayeso amisala

Maso ang'ono, khomo lotseguka mosalekeza, mano owongoka, thupi la njoka lopanda masikelo - iyi ndi chithunzi chamtundu wa Moray eel, yophatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa nsomba zowala. Ma eel a Moray si ochepa: nthumwi za zazing'ono kwambiri zimakula kufika pa 0.6 m.Ndilemera 8-10 makilogalamu. mpaka ma 4 metres ndi kulemera kwa 40 kg.

Mawonekedwe

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe adakwanitsa kuwona chimangirizo chikukula bwino, popeza masana chimangokwera mumwala, kusiya mutu wake chabe. Zikuwoneka ngati zachilendo kwa iwo kuti moray eel yabisidwa molakwika: izi zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kuyang'ana modekha komanso pakamwa lotseguka lokhala ndi mano akulu owongoka.

M'malo mwake, nkhope ya Moray eel siyimakhudzidwa kwambiri mwadzidzidzi monga chibadwidwe cha chiberekero - pakuyembekezerera kuti chitha kugwirira pafupi, koma osatseka pakamwa.

Zosangalatsa. Akuti ma eel Moray sangathe kusewerera pakamwa pawo, chifukwa mano akuluakulu amasokoneza izi. M'malo mwake, mwanjira imeneyi nsomba imapeza oxygen yomwe imafunikira, ndikudutsa madzi pakamwa pake ndikumpompa kudzera m'matomu.

Ma eel a Moray alibe mano ambiri (23- 28), amapanga mzere umodzi ndipo amawumbiramo pang'ono. Mitundu yomwe imadyera ma crustaceans imakhala ndi mano osakhazikika, yopangidwa ndikuphwanya zipolopolo.

Ma Moray eels alibe chilankhulokoma chilengedwe chidalipira chilema ichi powapatsa iwo awiriawiri amphuno ofanana ndi timachubu tating'onoting'ono. Mphuno zam'mawa (monga nsomba zina) ndizofunikira kupuma, koma kununkhira. Lingaliro labwino la kununkhira kwa zodonthekera pang'ono mpaka pamlingo wina limakwanira kuthekera kwa zida zake zoperewera.

Wina amayerekezera matsenga ndi njoka, wina wokhala ndi zokongoletsera zabwino: zolakwika zonse ndi thupi lomwe limakulitsidwa mosazungulira. Kufanana kwa leechyo kumachokera mchira wochepa thupi, ndikusiyanitsa ndi muzzle wokhazikika komanso kutsogolo kwa khwangwala.

Ma eel Mory alibe zipsepse zamakutu, koma chitsulo chakumapeto chimadutsa gawo lonse. Khungu losalala ndilopanda masikelo ndipo limapaka utoto wowoneka bwino, kubwereza mawonekedwe ozungulira.

Mithunzi yodziwika bwino kwambiri yamatayala amisala:

zakuda
imvi
zofiirira
zoyera
mawonekedwe opindika bwino (madontho a polka, "marble", mikwingwirima ndi malo a asymmetric).

Popeza buluzi wakubowayo samatseka pakamwa pake, nkhope yamkatiyo iyenera kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa thupi kuti isasokoneze kubisa konse.

Mitundu yamatumbo amisala

Mpaka pano, magawo osiyanasiyana amatchulapo za zotsutsana pamitundu yamayendedwe amisala. Chiwerengero chomwe chimatchulidwa kwambiri ndi 200, pomwe mtundu wa Muraena umakhala ndi mitundu 10 yokha. Mndandandandawu umaphatikizapo:

muraena appendiculata,
muraena argus,
muraena augusti,
muraena clepsydra,
muraena helena (european moray eel),
muraena lentiginosa,
muraena melanotis,
muraena pavonina,
muraena retifera,
muraena robusta.

Kodi chithunzi 200 anachokera kuti? Pafupifupi mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi banja la Muraenidae (Moray), lomwe ndi gawo la gulu lofanana ndi eel. Banja lalikulu ili ndi mabanja awiri ocheperako (Muraeninae ndi Uropterygiinae), 15 genera ndi mitundu 85-206.

Nawonso, mtundu wa Murena umalowerera mu subfamily Muraeninae, wophatikizapo 10 mwa mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa. Kwakukulukulu, ngakhale chimphona chomwe chimayambira ku mtundu wa Muraena sichili kwina: ndi cha banja la a Murena, koma chikuyimira gulu lina - Gymnothorax. M'posadabwitsa kuti chimphona chachikulu cha Moray eel chimadziwikanso kuti Javanese hymnothorax.

Kuluma kwa Moray

Anthu ambiri adziwa kuti ndi chiyani osakwiya osaka:

2015 - Jimmy Griffin wa ku Scuba wa ku Scuba anagwidwa mwadzidzidzi kumaso - analumidwa patsaya lakumanja pafupi ndi kamwa yake. Gwirayo inali ngati ng'ombe yam'madzi, ogwiritsira ntchito anali kugwedezeka ngati chidole, amasowa chubu chopumira ndipo pafupifupi anafa. Ndizowopsa kuyang'ana chithunzichi nthawi yomweyo chilondacho chisanachitike. Zidutswa 20. Mwamwayi, madokotala ochita opaleshoni a pulasitiki anasinthiratu tsaya. M'chaka chomwechi ku Hawaii, wokonda kuderalo aluma mwendo wake (sanasekerere aliyense, anali kusewera!),
2017 - wokhala ku Kerete adachita ntchito yoyeretsa tsiku ndi tsiku madzi - zikuwoneka kuti, kuukiraku kudachitika chifukwa cha fungo la magazi ndi offal. Mkaziyo analumidwa ndi dzanja. Anam'pititsa kuchipatala mumzinda wa Elounda, komwe madokotala amathandizira zilonda zam'mimba - apo ayi wodwala akanakhala kuti alibe zala,
2018 - wojambula waku Poland wamadzi a pansi pamadzi Bartosz Lukasik waku South Sodan ku Sodwan anajambula makanema a anthu awiri - pambuyo pake anazindikira kuti inali mwambo wokomera ukwati. Wamphongo adatsata wojambulayo kwa mita 15 - mwamwayi, sanaluma.

Zachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe

Pansomba zokhala ngati njoka pali malingaliro ambiri omwe samayang'ana kuti ayang'ane. Murena sadzaukira poyamba ngati sanakhumudwe, kusekedwa, osawonetsa chidwi (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi anthu osadziwa zambiri).

Zachidziwikire, kudyetsa zipsinja ndi dzanja ndizowoneka bwino, koma panthawi imodzimodzi yoopsa (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kusasamala kwa nyama iliyonse yolusa). Nsomba zomwe zasokonekera sizikhala zamwambo ndipo zitha kuvulaza kwambiri. Nthawi zina kupweteka kwakanthawi kwamayendedwe amisala sikuti chifukwa cha mantha, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka, kuthupi kapena kuwuka.

Ngakhale kumenya mbedza kapena harpo, eel yodzitchinjiriza imadziteteza mpaka mphamvu yake itatha. Poyamba, amayesa kubisala mumtsinje, ndikakoka wosakira pansi pamadzi, koma ngati wopangirayo alephera, ayamba kuthawira kumtunda, kukwawa kupita kunyanja, kumenya ndikuwombera mano ake mosagwirizana.

Chidwi Popeza yaluma, khunyu yotsika siyimasula wovulalayo, koma imangirira ndi khosi yaimfa (monga momwe ng'ombe yamphongo imapangira) ndikugwedeza nsagwada, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwoneka kwamkati.

Sipangakhale wina aliyense amene adakwanitsa kusiya mano owongoka ndi maula owonongekera pawokha, osafuna thandizo lakunja. Kuluma kwa nsomba yolusa imeneyi ndikumva kupweteka kwambiri, ndipo bala limachiritsidwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka kufa).

Mwa njira, panali zochitika zomaliza zomwe zidapangitsa akatswiri azichinchi kuti aganize za kukhalapo kwa zotupa za poizoni m'mapanga amano, makamaka, siguatoxin. Koma patatha maphunziro angapo, ma eel Mory adasinthidwanso, pozindikira kuti analibe zotulutsa poyizoni.

Kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono kwa lacerations tsopano kwadziwika chifukwa cha zochita za mabakiteriya omwe amachulukana pazinyalala za chakudya mkamwa: izi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayambitsa mabala.

Kodi ndingathe kudya

Aroma akale amaseka mochokera pansi pamtima funso loti mwina ma moray eel angadye - amawaona kuti ndizabwino, zomwe anthu, omwe adalanda chuma, samadya. Unkaikidwa m'madziwe ndi m'matayala ndipo unkaphika zakudya zosiyanasiyana pamaphwando abwino. M'buku la Chiroma la On Cooking, mendulo yodziwika bwino ya maphikidwe otchuka a Mark Gavius Apicius, pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya maphikidwe a nsomba - atatu yokazinga ndi atatu yophika. Iliyonse ili ndi zosakaniza 9 mpaka 12!

Moyo ndi moyo

Moray eels - zikhumbo zodziwikakutsatira mfundo za dziko. Nthawi zina zimakhala pafupi ndi mzake, koma pokhapokha chifukwa cholumikizana molimbika pazovala zosavuta. Amakhala masiku angapo kumapeto, nthawi zina amasintha maudindo awo, koma akumasiya mitu yayikulu kunja. Mitundu yambiri imagwira usiku, koma pali zosankha zomwe zimagwira nyama masana, nthawi zambiri m'madzi osaya.

Kuwona kumawathandiza pang'ono pofufuza omwe akukumana nawo, koma makamaka kununkhira kwawo kwabwino. Mitseko ya mphuno ikatsekeka, pamakhala tsoka lalikulu.

Mano a ma eel ambiri am'manja amapezeka pakatikati pa nsagwada ziwiri, imodzi yomwe imasinthika: imakhala pansi kwambiri pakhosi ndipo munthawi yoyenera "imatulukira" kuti igwire wozunzayo ndikuikokera kummero. Kapangidwe kamakomedwe kam'kamwa kameneka ndi chifukwa choti mabowo ndi ochepa: ma eyeloni samatha (monga nyama zina zam'madzi) amatsegula pakamwa pawo kuti atulutse nyamayo mkati.

Ndikofunikira. Ma eel Morel alibe adani achilengedwe. Mikhalidwe iwiri imathandizira ku izi - mano ake akuthwa ndi mphamvu zomwe amagwiritsitsa kwa mdani, komanso kukhala mosalekeza m'malo obisalamo achilengedwe.

Zinyama zomwe zimakonda kusambira mwaulere sizimawombedwa ndi nsomba zazikulu, koma nthawi zonse zimabisala mumwala womwe uli pafupi nawo. Amati mitundu ina imawasiya owalondola, ikusamba ngati njoka. Ndikofunikira kusinthira kumayendedwe oyendera pansi pamayendedwe otsika.

Palibe amene anayeza kuchuluka kwa matendawa, koma akukhulupirira kuti mitundu yambiri imakhalabe ndi zaka 10 kapena kupitirira.

Zosiyanasiyana, malo okhala

Ma eel Moriy amakhala m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amchere, amakonda madzi amchere ofunda. Mitundu yodabwitsa ya nsomba zamtunduwu imadziwika mu Indian Ocean ndi Nyanja Yofiira. Ma eel ambiri amisala amasankhidwa ndi kuthilira kwamadzi a Atlantic ndi Pacific Oceans (madera osiyana), komanso nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Ma eel Morang, ngati nsomba zambiri zooneka ngati eel, samamira mwakuya kwambiri, osankha miyala yamiyala ndi matanthwe a coral osaya kupitirira 40 m.Muren eels amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse m'malo obisika achilengedwe, monga zingwe zamkati mwa masiponji akuluakulu, miyala yamiyala ndi matanthwe a coral.

Zakudya zomwe kudwala kumadya

Moray eel, atakhala m'malo obisalira, amawotchera khutu yemwe angathe kukumana ndi machubu amphuno (ofanana ndi mafinya), kuwasunthira. Asodziwo, ali ndi chidaliro kuti awona nyongolotsi zam'nyanja, amasambira pafupi ndikulowa m'mano a chiwombankhanga chakuthwa, ndikuchigwira ndi mphero.

Zakudya zamagetsi zam'mimba zimapangidwa ndi pafupifupi onse okhala m'madzi oyenda m'mimba:

Zosangalatsa. Ma e-Moray eels ali ndi ndondomeko yawo yapamwamba ya ulemu: samadya anamwino a shrimp (okhala pamaso a eyelay) ndipo samakhudza kuyeretsa zakudya (kumasula khungu / pakamwa pa chakudya cholimba ndi majeremusi).

Pogwira nyama yayikulu (mwachitsanzo, ma octopus), ndimodulanso, ma eel akamagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera, chida chachikulu chomwe ndi mchira. Murena adakulunga mwala woyenera kuwazungulira, ndikumangirira mfundo ndikuboweka minofu, kusunthira mfundo kumutu: Kupanikizika m'nsagwazo kumawonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mdaniyo azitha kukoka zidutswa zamkati mwa wozunzidwayo.

Kubala ndi kubereka

Mphamvu zakubereka za ma eyelile, komanso ma eel ena, sizinaphunziridwe mokwanira. Amadziwika kuti nsomba zimamera kutali ndi gombe, komanso kuti zimalowa mchaka chobadwa ndi mwana zaka 4-6. Mitundu ina imasungabe kugonana kwa moyo wonse, ina - sinthani jendakukhala wamwamuna kapena wamkazi.

Kuwona kumeneku kumawonedwa, mwachitsanzo, mu riboni rhinomerena, achinyamata omwe (ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 65) ali ndi utoto wakuda, koma asintheni kukhala amtambo wonyezimira, osandulika amuna (okhala ndi kutalika kwa 65-70 cm). Mwamuna akakula akamakula kwambiri mpaka 70 cm, amakhala akazi, nthawi yomweyo amasintha mtundu kukhala wachikaso.

Mphutsi zam'mawa zimatchedwa (mphutsi zakuda) leptocephalus. Ndiwowonekera bwino, okhala ndi mutu wozungulira komanso mchira, ndipo akabadwa, sangafikire 7mm. Ndizosatheka kuzindikira leptocephalus m'madzi, kuwonjezera, amasambira ndikuyenda bwino, chifukwa cha mafunde, pamtunda wawutali.

Kuyenda koteroko kumatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka miyezi isanu: Panthawi imeneyi, mphutsi zimamera mu tinsomba tating'ono ndipo timakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika.

Moray ku Roma Wakale

Makolo athu akutali anayenera kuthana ndi mantha awo mwa kuchotsa ma eel, ndipo ku Roma wakale amathanso kubereka zipatso ngati ziphuphuzi.Aroma ankakonda kudya mopanda tanthauzo kuposa nyama ya abale ake aamadzi am'madzi atsopano, amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamadzulo chokoma ndi maphwando ambiri.

Mbiri yakale yasunga nthano zing'onozing'ono zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pakubwera kwa Morry. Chifukwa chake, nkhani yokhudzana ndi vuto linalake lanyumba ina, yomwe inkayenda poyitanitsa mwini wake, Mr Roman, dzina lake Crassus, imadziwika.

Nthano yodabwitsa (yosimbidwa ndi Seneca ndi Dion) imagwirizana ndi Kaisara Augusto, yemwe adayambitsa Ufumu wa Roma. Octavian Augustus anali chibwenzi ndi mwana wa womasulidwa Publius Vedius Pollion, yemwe adasamutsidwa (mwa kufuna kwa a Princeps) kupita nawo ku gulu la akavalo.

Nthawi yomweyo mfumu idadyera mnyumba yabwino kwambiri ya Pollion, ndipo womalizirayo adalamula kuti kapoloyo, yemwe mwangozi adaphwanya kristalo, aponyedwe m'manja mozungulira. Mnyamatayo anagwada, ndikupemphera kwa mfumu kuti isapulumutse moyo wake, koma za njira ina yopweteka kwambiri.

Octavian adatenga zitsamba zotsalira ndikuyamba kuzimenya pamiyala pamaso pa Pollion. Moyo udaperekedwa kwa kapoloyo, ndipo amfumuwo adalandira (atamwalira kwa Veda) munthu wokhala kunyumba adampatsa.

Kusodza ndi kuswana

Masiku ano, ukadaulo woweta ma seya am'makola ochita kusungidwa watayika ndipo nsomba izi sizikulanso.

Ndikofunikira. Amakhulupirira kuti ma eel Moray (oyera ndi okoma) ndi oyenera kuudya pokhapokha magazi osefukira ndi poizoni atulutsidwa. Iwo anali omwe amachititsa kuti afe komanso poyizoni wa anthu omwe amayesa matenda amisala, omwe amakhala m'malo otentha.

Poizoni, amadziunjikira m'thupi la ma moray eel, nsomba zapoizoni zapoizoni zikakhala chakudya. Koma mu beseni la Mediterranean, momwe chomaliza sichikupezeka, ma eel amourur eel amaloledwa. Amachotsedwa pamatcheni ndi misampha, komanso pogwiritsa ntchito zida zophera nsomba.

Nthawi zina kutha kwa ku Europe kumagwera mwangozi anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi amapangidwa kuti agwire nsomba zina, zomwe (mosiyana ndi ma eyelinso) zomwe zimapangitsa malonda.

Mawotchi amakono ogwiritsira ntchito kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pofotokoza za nyama zomwe zimasambira pafupi ndi mtundu wa scuba, amakulolani kujambula nokha pa kamera, kukhudza ngakhale kutulutsa mu gawo lawo lanyanja.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Ma eel ma eles ndi am'banja la nsomba zokhala ndi ray, ma eelaceae. Achibale apafupi kwambiri a ma eyel eel ndi ma eel omwe amakhala m'madzi amchere. Kunja, nsomba izi zimawoneka ngati njoka, koma zimakhala ndi mutu wokulirapo. Pali mtundu womwe ma moray eels sunachokera kwa makolo wamba ndi nsomba, koma kuchokera ku tetrapods - amphibians miyendo inayi. Miyendo yawo idakwera kuchokera m'mapazi, ndipo chifukwa cha moyo wosakanikirana (nthaka ndi madzi), miyendo yakumbuyo yoyamba kutsitsidwa kufikira ziphuphu zam'mimba, kenako nkuzimiririka.

Kanema: Moray

Maonekedwe amtunduwu amatha kusinthika mwanjira yamadzi osaya okhala ndi miyala yambiri, miyala ndi matanthwe omwe ali ndi zigoba. Thupi la ma moray eels ndiloyenereradi kulowa malo ochepa ndipo nthawi yomweyo sililola kuti nsomba izi zizikula kwambiri, zomwe sizofunikira m'madzi osaya. Tetrapods anali osiyana mu mawonekedwe ofanana. Ankakhala pafupi ndi dziwe losaya. Chakudya chochuluka m'madzi chidawapangitsa kuti asakhale pamtunda, ndichifukwa chake amatha kusintha mpaka kukhala onenepa. Ngakhale chiyambi cha ma elay Moray sizotsimikizika ndipo ndi mfundo yotsutsana.

Ma eel onse amisala ndi ma eels amakhala ndi zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimapezeka mwa anthu onse:

thupi ndi lalitali, osangofika kumapeto,
kukhala ndi mawonekedwe
mutu waukulu wokhala ndi nsagwada wonenedwa,
mzere umodzi wamano
palibe zipsepse zamkati,
kusuntha, kuwerama ndi thupi, ngati njoka.

Chosangalatsa: Ngati malingaliro onena zakomwe matendawa amachokera ku tetrapods ndiwolondola, ndiye kuti ng'ona ndi alligators ndi amodzi mwa abale apamtima pa nsomba. Izi mwina, atapangidwa chimodzimodzi ndi nsagwada.

Kodi moray eel amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Moray nsomba

Ma eel Morie amakhala moyo wachinsinsi, amakhala m'matanthwe, m'matanthwe, pazinthu zazikulu.Amasankha malo owaza momwe amakonzera malo ogonera kwakanthawi ndikudikirira nyama. Ma eel Moray amapezeka m'madzi onse ofunda; mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama imapezeka munyanja zina. Mwachitsanzo, mu Nyanja Yofiyira: chipale chofewa cha chipale chofewa, matayala am'madzi, maonekedwe okongola, kusowa kwa nyenyezi, kuvunda kwa zebra, kwawonongeka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma eyala atayala amatha kupezeka munyanja zam'madzi za Indian, Pacific ndi Atlantic.

Chosangalatsa: Amphona amphongo am'maso ali ndi mano awiri pakhosi. Amatha kukankhira kutsogolo kuti agwire nyama yoti agwiritse ndikuikoka mwachindunji.

Ma eloni a Moray ndi a thermophilic ndipo amakhala m'malo oyandikira, koma nthawi zina amapezekanso m'madzi osaya. Ma eel Mory amaweta ngati nsomba zam'madzi, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuzisamalira. Ma aquarium a eyel atatu ang'ono oyenda ayenera kukhala osachepera 800 malita, pomwe muyenera kukonzekera kuti ma eel Morel amatha kukula mpaka mita imodzi. Chofunika ndi kukongoletsa kwa aquarium - malo ambiri okhala ndi malo achitetezo momwe ma eyelinso amatha kubisala. Zinyama zam'madzi zoterezi ndizofunikanso. Ma eel a Moray amadalira chilengedwe, chomwe chimayenera kukhala ndi nsomba za nsomba ndi nsomba zina zoyera. Ndikwabwino kusankha zinthu zachilengedwe zakhazikitsidwe, kupewa mapulasitiki ndi zitsulo.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba yodabwitsayi imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone ngati moray eel ndiowopsa kwa anthu.

Kodi chimadya chiyani m'mano?

Chithunzi: Moray eel nsomba

Ma Moray eels amakhala otsimikiza otsimikiza. Kwambiri, amakhala okonzeka kudya chilichonse chomwe chili pafupi ndi iwo, choncho ma eel eel amatha kuukira munthu.

Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo:

nsomba zosiyanasiyana
octopus, cuttlefish, squid,
oyang'anira onse
ma urchins am'nyanja, sing'anga wapakatikati.

Njira yosaka maelay eel sichachilendo. Amakhala m'malo obisalira podikirira kuti awagwire. Kuti izi zitheke mwachangu, ma eel akhungu amakhala ndi machubu amphuno - amayamba kuchokera pamphuno ndikuyenda mosasamala, kutsutsana ndi mawonekedwe a mphutsi. Nyamayi imasambira molunjika pamphuno za m'maso, zikaona nyama yolusa.

Chosangalatsa: Pali nsomba zomwe ma mory eels amakhala ochezeka - awa ndi ochapira ndi ma shrimp omwe amayera matupi oyera ndi zotchingira zinyalala pakamwa pake.

Murena amaponya kolona ngati nyama ili pansi pa mphuno yake. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamawondo amisala imagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zakunja kapena zamkati poponyera. Nsagwada wamkati uli kummero, ulinso ndi mano ndipo umatukuka ukaponyedwa. Mothandizidwa ndi nsagwada wamkati, nsomba imakoka nyama mumsempha. Ma eel a Moray sakudziwa kutafuna ndikuluma - ameza wozunzidwa onse. Chifukwa cha thupi loterera popanda mamba, amatha kuponyera nthawi yayitali komanso mwachangu, zomwe sizimawavulaza.

Chosangalatsa: Maso osasangalatsa, monga momwe amachitira ayamba kudyera mafuta octopus. Amayendetsa phula mumakona ndipo pang'onopang'ono amadya, ndikung'amba chidutswa.

Mu aquariums moray eels amadyetsedwa mwapadera chakudya nsomba. Ndikwabwino kuti nsomba ikhale ndi moyo ndikusungidwa m'madzi apafupi. Koma ma moray eels amathanso kuzolowera zakudya zachisanu: cephalopods, shrimps ndi chakudya china.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Ma eel Moray amakhala okha, ngakhale zitha kuwoneka ngati zikusokera m'matumba. Masana, amabisala m'matumba awo ndi m'matanthwe a korali, ndipo nthawi zina amadya. Usiku, ma eel akhungu amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika, atayamba kusaka. Moray eel ndi mdani woopsa. Akuyenda usiku pakati pa miyala yamiyala, amadya chilichonse chomwe chingafikire. Moray sakonda kuthamangitsa nyama chifukwa chofulumira, koma nthawi zina amatsata zomwe amakonda - ma octopus.

Mitundu yambiri yamatayala am'madzi siyenda m'madzi akuya kupitirira 50 metre, ngakhale kuli masamba am'madzi akuya. Ma eel ena amtunduwu amatha kukhala ngati ogwirizana ndi nsomba zina. Mwachitsanzo, chimphona chachikulu chaku Moray chimagwirizana ndi ma bass a nyanja.Tchire limapeza mabisiketi obisika ndi nsomba zazinkhanira, chokocho amadya zina mwa zina, ndipo zina zimapatsa zochulazo kale.

Ukalamba ukamadzaza, umakhala wobisalira. Ma eel okalamba amatha kusambira kusaka ngakhale masana. Ndi ukalamba, amakhalanso okwiya kwambiri. Ma eel okalamba amalephera kudya - amatha kudya anthu ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala vuto lodana ndi anthu ena. Izi nsomba zikuwonetsa ukali ngati anthu ali pafupi, koma osaziukira mwadala. Mwa mtundu wa kuukira, amawoneka ngati ma bulldogs: ma eel am'mawa amagwiritsitsa thupi ndipo samatsegulira nsagwada yawo mpaka atang'amba chidacho. Koma atangoyamwa pang'onopang'ono chidutswa cha khunyu sichimasunthika, koma kumamatiranso.

Monga lamulo, ma eel akhungu sasonyezana nkhanza kwa wina ndi mnzake ndipo si nyama zamtchire. Amakhala mwakachetechete m'malo okhala, osamva mpikisano.

Kodi nsomba yamatumbo a eyel eel imawoneka bwanji?

Oimira onse amtunduwu ndi akulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la ma moray eels kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 370 cm. Ndipo munthu m'modzi amalemera kuchokera pa kilogalamu 8 mpaka 40! Chifukwa chake zimphona zam'madzi!

Mawonekedwe amtundu wa nsomba'zi amang'ambika pang'ono: kutsogolo kwa thupilo kumakhala lokulirapo kuposa kumbuyo. Zipsepse wamba za pectoral, zomwe zimayimira ambiri mwa gulu la nsomba, sizikupezeka palimodzi. Nkhope ya njoka ndi yayitali, ndipo maso ali ndi mawonekedwe oyipa!

Mtundu wa nyama nthawi zambiri umasiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amthupi, nthawi zina ma eyelinso amakhala ndiokongoletsa mthupi. Nsomba zanjoka izi sizikhala ndi mamba.

Kufalikira kwa matalala am'madzi

Malo okhala m'madzi amaonedwa kuti ndi malo okhalamo am'madzi, madziwo sayenera kukhala amchere okha, komanso otentha. Nsomba zanjoka izi zimatha kupezeka m'madzi a Indian Ocean, Ocean Atlantic Ocean, Nyanja Zamchere ndi Pacific, komanso m'malo ena a Pacific Ocean.

Khalidwe la nsomba zam'mawa

Pogona, ma eel Mory amasankha kuya kosaya - mpaka 40 metres, amasankha nthawi yawo yambiri m'madzi osaya. Amakhala odekha komanso osakhazikika m'madzi. Atapeza pobisalira, kaya ndi mwala kapena mwala wamiyala yamiyala, amiyala amiyala akhala moyo wawo wonse. Ntchito yayikulu imachitika madzulo.

Ma eel Moroko ndi nyama zokhazokha, njira yokhazikika siyabwino kwa iwo. Ngakhale "mnansi" wa mtundu womwewo atakhala mwangozi pafupi, sikuti mzotheka aliyense kukhala wokonzeka kupirira "abwenzi" omwe sanapemphedwe.

Khalidwe la nsomba silinso lophweka, monga lokha. Anthu ena ndi ochezeka. Koma pali ena omwe samakonda zosokoneza zilizonse m'miyoyo yawo. Ngati moray eel sakonda kena kake, nthawi yomweyo amakhala wokwiya ndipo amaluma kwambiri. Kulumwa kwa nsomba za njoka nthawi zina kunali kupha anthu! Chifukwa chake, posambira, muyenera kusamala ndi nsomba zamoto izi.

Kodi kudya kwodetsa kumadya chiyani?

Zakudya zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka m'mimba mwa njoka ndi ma urchins am'madzi, nsomba, ndi. Poyamba, nyama zodyerazi, zobisalira abisalira, kukopa nyama, kenako ndikuyigwira ndi mpeni wakuthwa ndikuigwira pakamwa pawo. Popeza kuti moray eel satha kumeza, imayamba kupaka nyama yake mwanjira yapadera, nkudya pang'onopang'ono.

Kubwezeretsedwa kwa nsomba za njoka

Asayansi sanaphunzire bwino za njira yolerera ana mu nsomba. Mwinanso izi zimachitika chifukwa chobisalira kwambiri, makamaka mukamabzala. Zina mwazomwe zimayipa ndizopatsa chidwi, koma palinso ena omwe amasintha amuna kuti akhale amuna kapena akazi pomwe ali moyo.

Mphutsi za moray eel zomwe zimabadwa zimatchedwa leptocephalus. Kukula kwake ndikochepa kwambiri - 7 - 10 mamilimita. Mphutsi zimalekeredwa mosavuta ndi maphunzirowo, motero, "achichepere" amodzi amachokera m'malo amodzi amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Atakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, mwana wamnzeru wam'ng'onoyo amakhala wamkulu msinkhu komanso wokhoza kubereka.

Kutalika kwa moyo wamankhwala onga njoka ndi zaka khumi.

Kodi ma eel Morel ali ndi adani achilengedwe?

Moyo wodzipatula womwe oimira nsomba zowala amatsogolera, umawapulumutsa ku unyinji wa adani. Koma pamakhala zochitika zina pomwe nsomba yam'madziyi imagwira nsomba yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imakhala "chakudya" chake.

Ma eel Morris ndi nsomba zazikulu za njoka zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha kawopsedwe komanso nkhanza. M'malo mwake, zowonadi zambiri zokhudzana ndi ma eel eels ndizokokomeza kwambiri. Pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya ma eyelie amodzi ndi olumikizana m'mabanja a eel. Izi nsomba ndi abale apamtima a nsomba zina - njoka.

Black dot moray eel (Gymnothorax fimbriatus).

Mitundu yonse yamatayala amadzala ndi yayikulu: yaying'ono kwambiri imafikira 60 cm ndipo imalemera 8-10 makilogalamu, ndipo chimphona chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (Thyrsoidea macrura) chimafikira kutalika kwa 3.75 m ndikulemera mpaka 40 kg! Thupi lamakhalidwe opindika limakhala lalitali, lopendekeka pang'ono pambuyo pake, koma osati lathyathyathya. Kumbuyo kwa thupi kumawoneka ngati kocheperako, ndipo pakati ndi kutsogolo kwa thupi kumakuwala pang'ono, kuyambira leel uyu akufanana ndi chimphona chachikulu. Mphesa zamtunduwu za nsomba izi sizikupezeka kwathunthu, koma mapangidwe ake omaliza amapita kutalika lonse la thupi. Komabe, ndi ochepa omwe amatha kuwona eyel tulo mu ulemerero wake wonse, nthawi zambiri thupi lake limabisidwa m'miyala yamiyala, ndipo mutu wake umatuluka.

Ma Moraya eel (Muraena helena) akufanana ndi nsapato zazikulu.

Ndi iye amene, monga palibe gawo lina la thupi, amapangitsa kuti khunyu liziwoneka ngati njoka. Khwangwala wamiyalayo amakhala ndi mawu oyipa, kamwa lake limakhala lotseguka nthawi zonse, ndipo mano akuluakulu owoneka amawoneka. Chithunzithunzi chopanda tsankhochi chinali ngati chochitira chipongwe mzukwa wamisala komanso kupusa. M'malo mwake, mawu onena za maula onenepa sakhala woipa kwambiri chifukwa achisanu, chifukwa nsomba izi zimabisalira, kuthera nthawi yayitali kudikirira nyama. Malingaliro oti ma eyeliyala satha kutseka pakamwa pawo chifukwa cha mano akuluakulu ndiwosagwira. M'malo mwake, ma eel akhungu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pakamwa pawo potseguka, chifukwa amapuma kudzera mu izi, chifukwa m'malo otetezedwa mwamphamvu kutuluka kwa madzi kupita kumapiri kumakhala kovuta. Chifukwa cha izi, pakamwa pa moray eel penti, ndiye kuti pakamwa pake pakawoneka pakhungu pomwepo. Ma eel Morang ali ndi mano ochepa (23-28), amakhala m'mizere imodzi ndipo amawerama pang'ono mmbuyo; mu mitundu yomwe imagwira kugwira crustaceans, mano sakhala akuthwa, izi zimalola ma ery Moray kupwanya zipolopolo za nkhanu.

Chinthu chinanso chachilendo cha ma eyala amisala ndi kusowa kwa lilime ndi awiriawiri amphuno. Monga nsomba zonse, ma eel akhungu amagwiritsa ntchito mphuno zawo osati kupumira, koma chifukwa cha fungo lawo. Mphuno zam'mawa zimadalirana kukhala timachubu tatifupi. Matupi awo amaphimbidwa ndi khungu losalala lopanda masikelo. Mtundu wa nsomba zamtunduwu umakhala wamitundu mitundu, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika (osakhala ndi mizere yambiri, monophonic), koma utoto nthawi zambiri umakhala wopanda maonekedwe - a bulauni, akuda, oyera. Komabe, pali zosiyana. Chifukwa chake, ubweya wa nthiti wakubadwa ali aang'ono kwambiri (mpaka 65 masentimita) ndi wakuda, atakhwima amakhala wamphongo wonyezimira wowoneka bwino (nthawi yomweyo kutalika kwake kumafika 65-70 cm), ndipo amuna akuluakulu amatha kukhala akazi achikasu (kutalika kwake kupitirira 70 cm) .

Achinyamata tepi rinomurena (Rhinomuraena quaesita).

Ma eel Morel ndi anthu okhala m'madzi. Amapezeka m'madzi ofunda amchere basi. Ma eel Morel afika pakukula mitundu yayikulu kwambiri mu Nyanja Yofiira ndi Nyanja ya India, ndipo amapezekanso mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, Atlantic ndi madera ena a Pacific Ocean. Izi nsomba zimapezeka kwambiri m'malo osaya: m'matanthwe a pansi pamadzi ndi m'matanthwe osaya, malo okuya kwambiri amakhala mpaka 40 m, mitundu ina imatha kugwera pamtunda wotsika. Mwanjira imeneyi, ma eel okondera amafanana kwambiri ndi abale awo a eels. Ma eel Moray amakhala nthawi yayitali m'misasa: miyala ya pansi pamiyala, zingwe zamkati mwa masiponji akuluakulu, pakati pa matanthwe a coral. Izi nsomba zimagwira makamaka madzulo, kotero sizimawona bwino, koma zimalipirira kusowa kwake kwa fungo labwino. Ndi kutseguka kwammphuno kosindikizidwa, ma eel amisala satha kuzindikira nyama.

Amuna achimuna opanda tepi. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi masamba owoneka ndi masamba pachizungu m'malo mwa chizolowezi cha machubu ammawa.

Ma eel Moray amakhala okhaokha komanso amatsatira malo okhazikika. Nthawi zina, pakakhala ming'alu ingapo yapafupi, ma eel amodzi amatha kukhala limodzi, koma uku ndi kwangozi, osati ubwenzi. Moraine moraine ndiwophatikizika wodabwitsa wa mkwiyo ndi kufatsa. Malinga ndi osiyanasiyana, ma eel okongoletsa amawonetsa ubwenzi komanso bata ndikukulolani kudzikhudza. Pali nthawi zina pomwe maelaya amtunduwu ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azosewera pansi pa madzi momwe amajambulira kwambiri mpaka amasambira nawo ndikulola kuti atulutsidwe m'madzi. Mbiri yakale imati a Russian Crassus anali ndi chanza chamanja, chomwe chidayenda kukayitanidwa. Izi zimathandizira kuti tikambirane za mtundu wina waukadaulo mu nsomba izi. Komabe, zimatsegulira kwa owonerera ochenjera ndi osamala chabe.

Mkazi wachikasu wa riboni rhinomene ndi gawo lomaliza la kusintha kwa utoto.

Nthawi ngati mankhwalawa amachitiridwa nkhanza, amakwiya kwambiri. Eel yochititsa mantha komanso yosokoneza ikulimbana nthawi yomweyo ndipo ikhoza kuluma kwambiri. Kulumwa kwa Moray sikuti kumawawa kwambiri, komanso kuchiritsa kwambiri (mpaka miyezi ingapo), ndipo imfa imadziwika. Pazifukwa izi, poyizoni adapangidwa kale ndi ma eel Morel (amakhulupirira kuti poizoni uli m'mano, ngati njoka), koma kafukufuku sanawonetse tinthu timene timapezeka m'madzi mu sumu. Mwinanso, kuwopsa kwa malovu awo kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mabakiteriya azachilengedwe omwe amachulukitsa mkamwa pakati pazakudya ndipo amayambitsa matenda a bala. Chingwe cha m'mawa chomwe chagwira mbedza chimadzitchinjiriza mpaka chomaliza. Poyamba, amayesera kubisala pothaŵirapo pake ndikubwerera mwamphamvu kwambiri, kwinaku atakwera kumtunda ndikuwadula mano, kumenyedwa, kukundana, ndikuyesera. Khalidwe lotereli lidakhala chifukwa chamalingaliro okokomeza kwambiri ponena za kupsa mtima kwa nsomba izi.

Mitundu yonse yamatumbo amtunduwu ndi nyama zolusa. Amadyetsa nsomba, nkhanu, urchins zam'madzi, octopus, cuttlefish. Moray amateteza abisala ake kuti agwire, akumakopa ndi timachubu ta m'mphuno. Ma machubu amafanana ndi nyongolotsi za polychaete, nsomba zambiri zimakhomera pa nyambo iyi. Wogwirayo akangoyandikira mtunda wokwanira, amisala otaya ndi mphezi amaponyera kutsogolo kwa thupi ndikugwira wogwidwayo. Pakamwa yopapatiza ya eryay sioyenera kumeza nyama yayikulu kwathunthu, chifukwa chake, nsomba izi zapanga njira yapadera yodulira nyama. Chifukwa cha izi, ma eay Moray amagwiritsa ntchito ... mchira. Atakulunga mchira wake mozungulira mwala wamiyala, umamangiriridwa kumutu, umayendetsa mfundo kumutu ndi minyewa, pomwe kukanikizika kumisempha ya nsagwada kumawonjezeka nthawi zambiri ndipo nsomba imakoka chidutswa cha nyama kuchokera mthupi la womenyedwayo. Njirayi ndi yoyeneranso kugwira munthu wolimba (mwachitsanzo, octopus).

Moray eel imalola kuti shishimpuyo ayeretse kamwa yake.

Kufalikira kwa ma eel achuma, ngati ma eel, sikumveka bwino. Mitundu ina ya dioecious, ina imasintha kugonana motsatana - kuchokera kwa amuna kukhala achikazi (mwachitsanzo, riboni rhinomera). Ma eel a Moray amatchedwa leptocephalus, monga momwe ilinso mphutsi za eel. Ma sonconomic a Moraine ali ndi mutu wozungulira komanso wopota wazowoneka bwino, thupi lawo limawonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutalika pakubala sikungafike pa 8-10 mm. Ndikosavuta kuwona mphutsi zamadzi zoterezi, kuphatikiza apo, ma leccephalans amasambira momasuka ndipo amatengedwa ndi mafunde pamtunda wawutali. Chifukwa chake, kufalikira kwa ma eel okhalitsa. Nthawi yovutayi imatha miyezi 6 mpaka 10, pomwe nthawi yomwe leptocephalus imakula ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wokhala pansi. Ma eel amodzi amayamba kutha msinkhu ndi zaka 4-6. Mtengo wamoyo wa nsombazi sunakhazikitsidwe ndendende, koma ndi wautali. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mitundu yambiri imatha kukhala zaka zoposa 10.

Kukula ndi komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri pomwe matayala amayamba kukhala magulu angapo a anthu angapo.

Mdani alibe chilichonse chomwe chingachitike.Choyamba, amatetezedwa ndi malo okhala momwe nsomba izi zimakhala nthawi yayitali. Kachiwiri, sikuti aliyense amafuna kumenya nsomba yayikulu ndi yamphamvu yokhala ndi mano owala. Ngati pakusambira kwaulere (ndipo izi zikuchitika pafupipafupi), nsomba inanso imatsata ulendowo, ndiye imayesa kubisala pamalo oyandikira. Mitundu ina imatha kuthawa womuthamangitsa, kumakwawa mpaka mtunda wotetezeka.

Munthu ali ndi vuto lodana ndi kuvutikira. Kumbali imodzi, anthu nthawi zonse amakhala akuwopa nyama zamtunduwu ndikupewa kuyanjana nawo pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Kumbali ina, ma eel Moray adadziwika kale chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwabwino. Ma gourat odziwika omwe anthu akale ku Roma ankakonda nyama yam'madzi yotchedwa Mediterranean Moray eel pamodzi ndi nyama yamadzi oyera komanso wachibale - eel. Zakudya zam'mawa zimadyedwa pamaphwando monga chakudya chamtengo wapatali komanso zochuluka. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale anali ndi mantha, anthu kuyambira kale anagwira zipsinjo zamatsenga, ndipo Aroma adaphunziranso kuzisunga kosayenera. Tsopano vuto la kubereka ma moray eels mu ukapolo latha ndipo nsomba izi sizimapangidwa mwanjira iliyonse, makamaka popeza milandu ya poyizoni ndi ma Moray eels imadziwika m'malo otentha. Poizoni amayamba chifukwa cha poizoni yemwe amadziunjikira munyama akamadya chiphe chakudya cham'madzi otentha. Komabe, m'malo opezeka ku Mediterranean, komwe mitundu ya poizoni sapezeka, nthawi zina nsomba zimachitika.

Zojambula ndi malo okhala ndi zovuta zaumoyo

Ngati mukuyang'ana chithunzi matayala eel , titha kuonanso kuti zilibe zipsepse zamakutu, pomwe ziphuphu zokhala ndi mafinya zimapangika.

Nsomba - Nyoka ya Moray ilibe mamba, ndipo mtundu wake ungasinthe malinga ndi malo okhala. Anthu ambiri ali ndi mtundu wa motley wokhala ndi ma buluu komanso achikasu achikuda, komabe, pali nsomba zoyera.

Kutsogolo kwa nsomba kumakhala kwakakang'ono kuposa kumbuyo. Ma eel a Moray nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kulemera komanso miyeso yambiri kuposa zazimuna.

Mpaka pano, mitundu yoposa zana ya zilembo zamtunduwu zidatchulidwa. Zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse kumapeto kwa nyanja zam'madzi za Indian, Atlantic ndi Pacific m'malo otentha komanso otentha.

Amakhala makamaka mwakuya kwakukulu mpaka mamita makumi asanu. Mitundu ina, monga moray eel, imatha kugwa mpaka mamita zana ndi makumi asanu ndipo ngakhale kutsikira.

Mwambiri, mawonekedwe a anthu awa ndiwachilendo kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kupeza wina nsomba zam'mawa . Pali chikhulupiriro chofala chakuti ma eyala am'mimba ndi nsomba zapoizoni, zomwe siziri pafupi kwenikweni ndi chowonadi.

Ndiye chifukwa chake chilondacho chimachiritsa kwakanthawi yayitali komanso chimapangitsa kusasokonekera nthawi zina, pamakhala zochitika zina pomwe kuluma kwa eel kunayambitsa kupha.

Chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha nsomba zam'mbali

Nsomba zimatsogolera moyo wachisangalalo. Masana, nthawi zambiri imabisala m'matanthwe a korali, m'miyala yamiyala kapena pakati pamiyala, ndipo ndikayamba kwausiku, imasaka nthawi zonse.

Anthu ambiri amasankha kuya kwa mamita 40 kuti akhale ndi moyo, nthawi yambiri amakhala m'madzi osaya. Ponena za mafotokozedwe a nsomba za moray eel , ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti nsomba izi sizikhazikika m'masukulu, zimakonda moyo wokha.

Kugundika kwa nsomba kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, chifukwa kumakhala ndi nsagwada zowonjezera pakupanga chakudya chokwanira, kotero ambiri amachifanizira ndi grip ya bulldog.

Usiku, nsomba zimasaka, ndikuyang'ana fungo lawo labwino, zimasaka nyama. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi zimaloleza kuti ziwachititse kunyanyala.

Kuberekanso komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa m'maso

Kufalikira kwa matendawa kukuchitika ndi kuponya mazira. M'nyengo yozizira, amasonkhana m'madzi osaya, komwe mazira amachitika mwachindunji.

Kwa nthawi yayitali moray eel amawonedwa ngati wowopsa komanso osusuka. Malinga ndi zomwe zidanenedwa ku Roma wakale, olemekezeka ndi olemekezeka adagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kulanga akapolo olakwa. Anthu adaponyedwa mu dziwe la eel eel ndikuwonera nkhondo yosasangalatsa. Izi zisanachitike, nsomba zodya nyama zakhala zikusala ndi njala ndipo kwa miyezi ingapo zimazolowera kununkhira kwa magazi amunthu.

Giant moray (lat.Gymnothorax javanicus) (Chichewa Giant moray). Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Andrey Narchuk

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazithunzi zakuda za eyel.Koma kodi ndizowopsa komanso zowopsa kwa anthu? Yankho ndi lakuti ayi! Zovuta zambiri zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku zimayambitsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha anthu. Ndipo zili choncho! Palibe chomwe chingaseketse zilombo zokhala ndi mano aatali komanso owongoka ngati oyala.

Mano akuthwa

Moray eels amaukira mdani wamkulu pokhapokha podziteteza. Kumbukirani kuti, palibe mdani aliyense amangodziponya yekha pa cholengedwa chomwe chimakulitsa kukula kwake. Chifukwa chake, osiyanasiyana omwe akufuna kudziwa zinthu sayenera kugwirana manja kulikonse komwe angafune, apo ayi ungakhale opanda chala kapena dzanja. Makamaka, simuyenera kumangirira manja anu m'ming'alu yaying'ono, m'mapanga ndi m'matanthwe omwe amakhala m'matanthwe a coral, chifukwa ma moray eel amakhala pamenepo.

Ponseponse, pali mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya nsomba zodyera padziko lapansi. Mwa iwo, pali onse ang'ono ndi zimphona, mwachitsanzo, moray eel Gymnothorax javanicus. Amadziwikanso kuti Javanese hymnothorax kapena Javanese lycodont. Ma eel akhungu amenewa amakula mpaka 3 metres.

Nyumba yake ndi madzi otentha komanso otentha a nyanja zamchere za Pacific ndi India, Nyanja Yofiira, gombe la zilumba za Southeast Asia, New Caledonia ndi Australia.

Monga nthumwi zonse za ma eel Moray, chimphona chachitetezo cham'madzi chimapewa madzi osatseguka ndipo chimakonda kubisala m'malo otetezeka omwe ali osazama kopitilira 50 metres.

Giant Moray ndi Wotsuka

Mtundu wochititsa chidwi wa ma eel oopsa umatikumbutsa mtundu wa kambuku. Mutu, thupi lakum'mwamba, ndi zipsepse zimawombedwa ndikuwoneka bwino ndi mawanga amisili osiyanasiyana. Mbali yam'mimba imakhala yopanda chojambula.

Ng'ombe yayikulu Moray imasakidwa yokha usiku, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zosankha (zambiri pambuyo pake, pamene kusaka kophatikizana kwa chimphona chachikulu chaku Moray eel ndi ma bass a nyanja atengera).

Simungamuyitane chakudya. Amadyetsa pafupifupi nsomba zilizonse, zazikulu kapena zazing'ono, crustaceans ndi cephalopods. Amametsa nyama yaying'ono yonseyo, ndikuyendetsa nyama yayikulu mu mtundu wina ndipo kenako imang'ambika.

Nsagwada ya pharyngeal imawonetsedwa ndi muvi

Mano akulu ndi mano akuthwa amathandizira kuthana ndi msanga. KOMA ichi ndi chinsinsi chafupifupi pafupifupi zamatsenga zilizonse, ali pakamwa pawo palibe amodzi, koma awiriawiri a nsagwada. Yoyamba ndi yoyamba, ili ndi mano akulu, komwe imayenera kukhala, ndipo yachiwiri - pharyngeal - mu pharynx. (P.S. Amanena kuti inali moray eel yomwe inali njira yopangira cholengedwa kuchokera pa kanema "Mlendo" wokhala ndi nsagwada yachiwiri, yaying'ono, yotha kusintha.)

Pa nthawi yosaka, nsagwada yakumbuyo imakhala pakati pa khosi, koma ngati nyamayo ili pafupi ndi kamwa la khunyu, imayenda pafupi kwambiri ndi kutsogolo. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kukankhira chakudya mu esophagus ndikukupera. Vomerezani, ndizokayikitsa kuti nyama zomwe zitha kugwidwa zimatha kutuluka mu “msampha” wawiriwo.

Eya, tsopano zolonjezedwa - zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi kusaka kolumikizana kwa chimphona zam'madzi zam'madzi komanso ma bass a nyanja - wina wokhala m'dziko lamadzi.

Moray eel ndi nyanja zam'madzi

Nthawi zambiri aliyense wa iwo amasaka yekha: m'masiku oel - usiku ndi kwa obisalira, ndi mabass a nyanja - masana ndi madzi otseguka, kotero ma korali ndiye pokhapokha iye. Koma maulendo ena owopsa a Nyanja Yofiila adaganiza zophwanya malamulo onse - nthawi zina amasaka masanawa, ngakhale ndi mnzake.

Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, amene amayambitsa kusaka kotero ndi nyanja zam'madzi. Amasambira kupita kwakanthawi ndipo ngati mbuye wake watulutsa, ndiye kuti agwedeza mutu mbali zingapo kutsogolo kwa mphuno yake. Zochita izi zikutanthauza kuitana kukasaka kolumikizana. Nsombayi imatenga gawo ili pokhapokha ngati ili ndi njala kwambiri kapena ngati yabisala pobisalira pafupi ndi mawa.

Popeza ndamutsogolera kumalo abwino, tsambalo limayamba kugwedeza mutu wake, ndikuloza pamalo oyenera. Ndipo khunyu yonyentchera imalowera mkati kuti ilandire kanthu. Chakudya chamasana chonse chimagwidwa. Giel Moray eel samangodya nsomba zomwe adagwira mothandizidwa ndi mnzake.Nthawi ndi nthawi, amampatsa "mnzake."

Zochepa sizikudziwika pokhudzana ndi kuswana kwa maimelo akuluakulu. Monga mitundu ina, imaberekanso ndi caviar. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zingapo zimasonkhana m'madzi osaya, pomwe zimayikira mazira, omwe kenako amakola amuna. Nthawi zambiri mazira amayenda m'madzi limodzi ndi mafunde am'nyanja ndipo amanyamulidwa mtunda wautali.

Zidole zodyetsedwa zimadyetsedwa pa zooplankton mpaka atakula. Kenako amasamukira kumathanthwe kapena m'matanthwe, kuthawa adani ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala achinsomba.

Kuyeretsa pakamwa

Ma eel a m'mawa samadyedwa pafupipafupi ndipo samawedza kuwedza. Ngakhale ku Roma wakale, ma eel okongoletsedwa anali ofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wokha wa nyama. Ngati oimira ang'ono ang'ono atha kusungidwa m'madzimo, ndiye kuti chimphona chitha kupusitsidwa motero sichingayendere bwino, malo ambiri angafunikire malo okhala.

Nsomba zam'mawa. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, moyo ndi malo okhala ndi zovuta zaumoyo

Moray eel - mtundu wa nsomba zazikulu, zokongoletsa zokhala ndi thupi longa njoka. Ma eel a Moray amakhala okhalamo a ku Mediterranean, omwe amapezeka munyanja zonse zotentha, makamaka m'matanthwe ndi m'miyala. Zovuta. Pali milandu ya osasinthika aimpso eel angapo.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Mawonekedwe a thupi, njira yosambira ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndizizindikiro zamayendedwe amisala. Njira yosinthira kwa nsomba wamba yasintha zipsepse - zigawo zina zoyenda. Ma eel Moray opangidwa mwanjira yosiyana: amakonda mafunde ngati mafunde a thupi kugwedeza zipsepse.

Moray eel — nsomba osati ochepa. Kutambasula thupi la e-eel kumalumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa vertebrae, osati kutalika kwa vertebra iliyonse. Ma vertebrae owonjezera amawonjezeredwa pakati pa zigawo za msana wa pre-caudal ndi caudal.

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa munthu wokhwima kuli pafupifupi mita 1, kulemera pafupifupi 20 kg. Pali mitundu yocheperako, yosapitilira 0.6 m kutalika ndipo osalemera kuposa 10 kg. Makamaka nsomba zazikulu zimapezeka: mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika, kudyetsa unyinji wa makilogalamu 50.

Thupi la moray eel limayamba ndi mutu waukulu. Phokoso lalitali kwambiri limagawidwa pakamwa lalikulu. Makina onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi nsagwada zam'mwamba komanso zotsika motsatana. Kugwira, kugwira, kuphwanya chidutswa cha mnofu ndi ntchito ya mano operewera.

Kupititsa patsogolo zida zawo zapamwamba, maelay eels adapeza zojambulajambula, zomwe asayansi amatcha "pharyngognathy." Ichi ndi nsagwada ina yomwe ili m'mero. Akamagwira nyama, nsagwada ya pharyngeal imapita chamtsogolo.

Chithunzicho chimagwidwa ndi mano omwe amapezeka pachibwano zonse za nsomba. Kenako pharyngeal moray eel Pamodzi ndi womenyedwayo amasunthira komwe anali poyamba. Mafuta ali pakhosi, amayamba kuyenda kwake motsatira kum'mero. Asayansi amati kuwoneka kwa nsagwada ya pharyngeal kunayamba chifukwa chakuza komwe sikunapange kanthu.

Pamwamba pa nsagwada yapamwamba, kutsogolo kwa mpweya, ndi maso ang'ono. Amaloleza nsomba kusiyanitsa kuwala, mthunzi, zinthu zoyenda, koma osapereka chithunzi chowonekera cha malo ozungulira. Ndiye kuti, masomphenya amatenga mbali yothandizira.

Khwangwala wam'mawa amazindikira kuyandikira kwa nyama chifukwa cha kununkhiza. M'maso mwa nsomba mumatseguka pamaso pamaso, pafupi kumapeto kwa kufufutidwa. Malo otsegulira anayi, awiri a iwo sazindikira, awiri - amagawidwa ngati machubu. Mamolekyu a Odor amafikira maselo a receptor kudzera m'mphuno kudzera m'mayendedwe amkati. Kuchokera kwa iwo, chidziwitso chimalowa mu ubongo.

Maselo olandila olandila samangokhala pakamwa pokha, koma amwazika thupi lonse. Mwina kukoma kwa thupi lonse kumathandizira kulumikizana kwakukhala m'matanthwe, m'misewu, m'mapanga apansi pamadzi, kuti amve ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira iye, ndi ndani kapena ndi zomwe amakhala pafupi naye.

Mutu wam'mutu wambiri umayenda bwino mthupi. Kusintha kumeneku sikumaonekera kwenikweni, kuphatikizira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ma gill. Nsomba wamba, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akutuluka m'mimba, amatchera madzi mkamwa, ndipo amatulutsidwa. Moray eels kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa madzi opanikizika kudzera m'matimu, kutuluka kudzera pakamwa.Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zonse imawatsegulira.

Kuyamba kwa dorsal, dorsal fin imagwirizana ndikumapeto kwa mutu ndikusintha kupita ku thunthu. Zabwino zimafikira mpaka kumchira. M'mitundu ina, imakhala yowonekera ndipo imapangitsa nsomba kuti ikhale ngati nthiti, ina imangokhala yofowoka, ma eel amtunduwu amakhala ngati njoka.

Ndalama ya caudal ndiyowonjezera kwachilengedwe chakumapeto kwa thunthu. Sipasiyanitsidwa ndi dorsal fin ndipo ilibe lobes. Udindo wake pakupanga kayendedwe ka nsomba ndi kochepa, motero ndalama ndizochepa.

Nsomba zamtundu wa eelaceae zilibe zipsepse zam'mimba; mitundu yambiri ilibe zipsepse zamakutu. Zotsatira zake, gulu la ku Uganda, dzina lasayansi la Anguilliformes, lidapatsidwa dzina lapakati Apode, lomwe limatanthawuza "opanda miyendo."

M'masodzi wamba, posuntha, thupi limagwada, koma pang'ono. Kusenda kwamphamvu kwambiri kumagwera mchira. Mu ma eels ndi moray eels, kuphatikizapo, thupi limagwada kutalika kwake konse ndi matalikidwe omwewo.

Chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa mafunde, ma eel amodzi amayenda m'madzi. Kuthamanga kwambiri sikungathe kufikira motere, koma mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachuma. Moray eels amafufuza chakudya pakati pa miyala ndi miyala ya korali. M'malo oterowo, mawonekedwe othamanga sofunikira kwenikweni.

Kufanana ndi njoka kumakwaniritsidwa ndi kusakhala mamba. Khungu la Moray lophimbidwa ndi mafuta a mucous. Mtundu wake umakhala wosiyanasiyana. Moray mu chithunzi Nthawi zambiri imawoneka chovala chachikondwerero, m'malo otentha nyanja yotentha yamtunduwu imatha kubisa.

Mitundu ya genus moray eels ndi wa m'banja la Muraenidae, i.e. moray eels. Ili ndi mtundu wina wa 15 genera ndi mitundu 200 ya nsomba. Ndi ma 10 okha omwe amatha kuganiziridwa ngati zotere.

Muraena appendiculata - amakhala m'madzi a Pacific kunyanja ya Chile.
Muraena argus ndi mitundu yofalikira. Imapezeka ku Galapagoss, m'mphepete mwa Mexico, Peru.
Muraena augusti - wopezeka munyanja ya Atlantic, m'madzi oyandikana ndi North Africa ndi gombe lakumwera kwa Europe. Amasiyana mtundu wachilendo: Madontho owala osowa pazithunzi zakuda.
Muraena clepsydra - madera amadzaza madzi am'mphepete mwa Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia.
Muraena helena - Kuphatikiza pa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, imapezeka kum'mawa kwa Atlantic. Amadziwika ndi mayina: Mediterranean, European moray eel. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, ndizodziwika bwino kwa scuba divers ndi ichthyologists.
Muraena lentiginosa - kuwonjezera pa mbadwa, mbali yakum'mawa kwa Pacific, imawonekera m'midzi yazanyumba, chifukwa kutalika kwake ndi mtundu wodabwitsa.
Muraena melanotis - izi moray eels m'malo otentha a Atlantic, kumadzulo, ndi kum'mawa kwake.
Muraena pavonina - wodziwika monga wowona wamawondo eel. Dera lake ndi madzi ofunda a Atlantic.
Muraena retifera - reticured moray eel. Munali mumtunduwu pomwe nsagwada ya pharyngeal inapezeka.
Muraena robusta - amakhala ku Atlantic, komwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.

Pofotokoza zamtundu wamtundu wa Moray, nthawi zambiri pamakhala funso la chimphona chachikulu chodwala. Izi nsomba ndi gawo la mtundu Gimnothorax, dzina dongosolo: Gymnothorax. Pali mitundu ya anthu 120 pamtunduwu. Onsewa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi nsomba ya genine genus, dzina lasayansi la mtundu: Muraena. Palibe chodabwitsa kuti ma moray eels ndi hymnothorax ndi a banja limodzi. Ma hymnothoraxes ambiri odziwika ali ndi dzina loti "moray". Mwachitsanzo: zobiriwira, nkhukundu, madzi oyera komanso maimelo okalamba.

Wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso kuyipa kwawo ndi mtundu wawukulu wa Moray eel. Nsomba iyi ili ndi dzina lomwe likuyimira moyenera jini - the Javanese hymnothorax, mu Chilatini: Gymnothorax javanicus.

Kuphatikiza pa hymnothorax, palinso mtundu wina, womwe umakonda kutchulidwa pofotokozera za ma e-Moray eels - awa ndi megadera. Kunja, ndizosiyana ndi zowona zam'mbuyo. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi mano amphamvu omwe echidna morays akupera makoko a maolloll, chakudya chawo chachikulu. Dzinalo la megadera lili ndi zophatikiza: echidna ndi moray echidna. Mitundu siyambiri: Mitundu 11 yokha.

Echidna amblyodon - amakhala mdera la zisumbu za ku Indonesia. Dera lake adalandira dzina la Sulawesian moray eel.
Echidna catenata - unyolo moray eel. Imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumadzi a chilumba chakumadzulo kwa Atlantic. Wotchuka pakati pa asitikali am'madzi.
Echidna delicatula. Dzina lina la nsomba ndi chisomo chamtchire echidna. Amakhala m'matanthwe a coral, pafupi ndi Sri Lanka, Samoa, zilumba zakumwera kwa Japan.
Echidna leucotaenia - eel-nkhope yamaonekedwe opanda vuto. Amakhala m'madzi osaya pafupi ndi zilumba za Line, Tuamotu, Johnston.
Echidna nebulosa. Dera lake ndi Micronesia, gombe lakummawa kwa Africa, Hawaii. Nsomba izi zimatha kuwoneka m'madzi am'madzi. Mayina wamba ndi moraine-chipale chofewa, wowoneka ngati nyenyezi kapena nyenyezi wamatsenga.
Echidna nocturna - popeza adakhalapo, nsomba adasankha Gulf of California, madzi am'mphepete mwa Peru, Galapagossa.
Echidna dzina - lodziwika ngati leel moray eel. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Atlantic.
Echidna polyzona - wamtundu kapena kambuku moray eel, eel-zebra. Mayina onse amalandiridwa ngati mtundu wachilendo. Dera lake ndi Nyanja Yofiira, zisumbu zomwe zili pakati pa East Africa ndi Great Barrier Reef, Hawaii.
Echidna rhodochilus - wotchedwa pinki eyed moray eel. Amakhala pafupi ndi India ndi Philippines.
Echidna unicolor - mtundu wina wamakhalidwe onenepa, wopezeka pakati pa miyala ya pansi pa nyanja ya Pacific.
Echidna xanthospilos - adayang'ana m'madzi am'mphepete mwa zilumba za Indonesia ndi Papua New Guinea.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Moray eels munyanja

Nthawi yobala ma eel eel imagwera nthawi yachisanu - pafupifupi Disembala kapena February, kutengera ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Ma Moray eels amasambira m'madzi osaya, kusiya malo awo okhala. Amakhala pamenepo, pomwe amasiyapo pomwepo, ndikuyandama kuti adye zowonjezereka. Pambuyo pa akazi, abambo amasambira kupita kumalo omanga. Amakumana ndi mazira, koma nthawi yomweyo amangochita mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosasinthika, kotero kuti clutch imodzi imatha kukumana ndi abambo angapo. Ma eel Moray amatchedwa leptocephalus.

Ma eel Morang, omwe amaswa mazira pafupifupi milungu iwiri, amawanyamula pamodzi ndi plankton. Ma eel Moring eels omwe ali ndi kukula kosaposa 10 mm., Chifukwa chake amakhala osatetezeka kwambiri - osapitilira imodzi yamtunduwu kuchokera kwa zana omwe amakhalapobe mpaka wamkulu. Moray eels ifika pakutha msinkhu pofika zaka 6 zokha. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, anthu okonzekera kubereka amakana kuyikira mazira chifukwa samva kuyambika kwa nyengo yachisanu. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma eyel omwe amadzaza. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri tambiri tating'onoting'ono timakhala kuthengo pafupifupi zaka 36, kwathu, kutalika kwa moyo kumatha kukwera mpaka 50.

Kufalikira kwa ma eel akunyumba ndizovuta. Makampani oweta okhaokha sangathe kupereka maimelo abwino opangira ma masonry. Nthawi zambiri amadya akudya amadzadyera okha kapena amakana. Kubwezeretsanso ma eel moray eels kumachitika ndi akatswiri omwe amabzala nsomba mu ma clutch aquariums.

Adani achilengedwe adwala

Chithunzi: Moray nsomba

Ma eel okongoletsa, monga lamulo, ali pamwamba pa msambo wa chakudya, motero alibe adani achilengedwe. Kutengera mtundu ndi kukula kwake, zilombo zingapo zitha kuzilimbana nazo, koma izi zimatha kudzitembenuza zokha. Giel Moray eels zimatha kugwiranso asodzi am'mimbamo zikafuna kuukira matendawa. Moray eel sangathe kumeza shaki yokhala m'matanthwe, choncho ikakuluma chidutswa chake, pambuyo pake nsomba imafa chifukwa chotuluka magazi.

Chosangalatsa: Magulu a ma eyel eel anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chilango kwa zigawenga ku Roma wakale - munthu adatsitsidwa mu dziwe kupita nawo kumalo am'manjamo olusa kuti akawonongeke.

Panali zolemba za chimphona chachikulu chakuwala chomwe chikuukira shaki, kenako shaki imathawa. Ziwopsezo zazikulu zakukula zam'mlengalenga komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya scuba zimakhala pafupipafupi, kuwonjezera apo, mtunduwu ndiwankhanza, chifukwa chake safunanso kukwiya. Ma eelopel amodzi nthawi zambiri amasaka ma octopus, koma nthawi zina samawerengera mphamvu zawo. Mosiyana ndi ma moray eels, ma octopus ndi amodzi mwa anthu okhala m'madzi anzeru kwambiri.Ma octopuse akuluakulu amatha kudziteteza ku ma eel amisala ndikuwazunza kuvulala kwambiri ngakhale kufa kumene. Octopus ndi moray eel amadziwika kuti ndi adani olusa kwambiri.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Kodi Moray eel akuwoneka bwanji?

Zolemba za Moray sizinakhalepo pafupi kutha. Zilibe phindu kwa nyama zomwe zimadyera m'madzi ndipo ndizowopsa zam'madzi. Palibe kusodza mwamahara kwa ma eel amelo, komabe, nthawi zina anthuwa amagwidwa ndi anthu kuti adye. Ma eel Mory amaonedwa kuti ndi amtengo wapatali. Poyerekeza ndi nsomba ya puffer, iyenera kuphikidwa bwino, chifukwa ziwalo zina za eel kapena ma eel a efa a subspecies ena akhoza kukhala ndi poizoni. Poizoni wa m'mawa amatha kubweretsa m'mimba, kutulutsa magazi mkati, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha.

Chakudya chotchuka ndi moraine ceviche. Moray eel amadzalidwa mu mandimu kapena mandimu, kenako amawaza ndi kuwaphika ndi mchere wina wam'nyanja. Zakudya zoterezi ndizowopsa, chifukwa nyama yaiwisi yaiwisi imatha kuyambitsa mavuto osayembekezereka. Ngakhale zimadziwika kuti nyama yoduka ndiyokoma kwambiri, kulawa ngati eel. Ma eel Mory amasungidwa kunyumba. Khalidwe lawo mu ma aquariums limatha kukhala losiyana, makamaka ngati ma eel amamu ali ndi anthu ambiri kumeneko, osaletsedwa kwa obereketsa. Nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka m'misika yamalo ogulira, koma ma eel okhalamo sakhala kumeneko zaka zoposa khumi chifukwa chapanthawi zonse.

Moray eel amanyoza anthu ena ndi maonekedwe awo, koma amasangalatsa ena ndi mayendedwe abwino ndi kufa kwawo. Ngakhale eel yaching'onoting'ono imatha kukhala pamwamba kwambiri pazotengera, popanda kuwopa zilombo zazikulu ndi asodzi. Ma eel a Moray ali ndi mitundu yambiri, yosiyanasiyana pamtundu ndi kukula kwake, zina zomwe zimatha kusungidwa mosavuta kunyumba.

Nsagwada kawiri

Mano akuthwa amathandizanso kuti ma seva ayambe kuthana ndi vuto. Mkamwa mwa chilombochi mulibe m'modzi, koma zigawo ziwiri za nsagwada. Loyamba ndi pomwe liyenera kukhala, ndipo lachiwiri lili mu pharynx. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pali nthano kuti anali Moray eel yemwe anali ngati chithunzi cha cholengedwa kuchokera ku kanema "Mlendo", yemwe anali nsagwada yachiwiri, yosasinthika.

Nsagwada yachiwiri yamatayala itayandikira pafupi ndi yoyamba, ndikofunikira kuti nyama izisambira pafupi ndi yomwe imadya. Nsagwada yakumbuyo idapangidwa kuti kupera chakudya. Kapangidwe kameneka kamilomo ka nyamayo sikupereka mwayi kwa wopulumutsidwayo.

Kugwiritsa

Aroma awiri otchuka - okonda zolengedwa izi - anali antchito, monga momwe anganenere lero, a aluntha: omvera. Quintus Hortensius, yemwe anali mnzake wa Cicero, amapeza ndalama zambiri kwa asodzi onse a ku Naples, pogula nsomba zonsezo kuti ziziwayika m'madziwe awo amwala. Ndipo mnzake wogwira nawo ntchito Lucius Crassus anali ndi nsomba yam'madzi ndipo adalira pomwe amwalira.

Aroma sazindikira nzeru, koma ankhanza kwambiri nthawi zina amafunafuna kudyetsa akapolo awo onyentchera. Vedi Pollion, wothandizira wa Octavian Augustus, adakonda "zosangalatsa" izi ndipo nthawi ina adayamba kupha mwanjira iyi kapolo yemwe adaphwanya kapu yamtengo wapatali yamgalasi. Anapempha Augustus kuti amuchitire chifundo, ndipo mfumuyo inangotsula zina zonse. Ndidachita bwino.

Khalidwe la Maine Coon

Oimira mtunduwo amakumbukiridwa kwa obereketsa ndi eni chifukwa cha chikondi chodabwitsa, chokoma mtima, osatanthauzira mkwiyo uliwonse kapena kukwiya.

Kufatsa ndi dzina lawo lapakati, monga mtendere ndi ubwenzi. Maine Coons samadzikakamiza okha ndipo amakonda kukhala kutali, osavutitsa mwiniwake.

Mphaka wa ku Siberia - mbiri yakale, kufotokozera, mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi + 95 zithunzi

Mphaka wam'mawa - mbiri yakale, miyezo yamakono, umunthu, chisamaliro, zakudya + 83 zithunzi

Burma - mphaka ngati chithumwa, ukhondo komanso thanzi, mtundu wa zithunzi + za 96

Amphaka odzipereka kwa mbuye wawo amakhala ochenjera osawadziwa ndipo amakonda kukhala patali ndi iwo, nthawi zina samazindikira nkomwe.

Komabe, poganiza za kukhazika mtima, sizingakhale zovuta kukhazikitsa ubale ndi alonda kunyumba, koma simuyenera kuyika "chimphona" pamiyendo yanu ndikuzunza kwambiri nthawi yayitali pakulankhulana. Nthawi zina amakhala osakondwa ndi chikondi cha mwini, motero ndibwino kudzikakamiza okha amphaka a Maine Coon.

Yembekezani, mulole azizolowere ndipo chilichonse chizikhala ngati wotchi. Komabe, mutakhazikika modekha mumtundu wa amphaka, chikondi cha ntchito chimaphatikizidwanso - mtunduwo ndiwosavuta, sukhala m'malo. Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti sakonda nyumba zocheperako, Maine Coons ayenera kugulidwa ngati pali nyumba yapadera kapena kuthekera kokuyenda.

Zovuta komanso zapoizoni

Oimira a Murenov ndi odziwika bwino kwa anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale ndipo ali ndiulemelero wa zolengedwa zamtopola komanso zapoizoni. Mitundu yonse ndi yokulirapo: kuchokera pa 60 cm mpaka pafupifupi 4 metres. Maonekedwe a mawonekedwe:

Thupi limakhala lotalikirapo komanso lowoneka pang'ono pambuyo pake, kumbuyo kumakhala kochepa thupi, ndipo pakati ndi kutsogolo kumalimbikitsidwa.
Palibe zipsepse zamaso, koma phala limakhala lalitali kwambiri, ndipo limatambasulira kumbuyo konse.
Phokoso limakhala lotalika pang'ono ndi maso ang'ono komanso lalikulu, pafupifupi pakamwa lotseguka lodzaza ndi mano.

Tsegulani pakamwa komanso maso achisanu

Pachithunzi cha nsomba za moray eel, pakamwa lalikulu lotseguka lokhala ndi mano owoneka bwino likuwoneka bwino. Mano a omwe amadyera awa si ochuluka (ochepera atatu), amakhala mzere umodzi ndipo pang'ono pang'ono amawongoka.

Komabe, mitundu yomwe imadya crustaceans, mano sakhala akuthwa kwambiri ndipo zimawapatsa mwayi wopwanya nkhanu zamphamvu za nkhanu. Amakhulupilira kuti nsomba izi zimasunga pakamwa pawo nthawi zonse chifukwa cha mano akulu kwambiri. Cholinga chake ndi chosiyana: kufunikira kopopera madzi pakamwa, chifukwa nthawi yambiri pobisalira, khunyu yamaelay siimapitilira madzi abwino kumapiri.

Kubisalira kwa nthawi yayitali kumalumikizidwa ndi maso owoneka ngati azira.

Maonekedwe ena ndi zonenepa

Asodzi a nsomba za m'mawa alibe mamba, ndipo khungu limakhala losalala komanso lokwera, yokutidwa ndi ntchofu. Chifukwa cha ntchofu, nsomba zimalowa mosavuta m'malo osiyanasiyana ndikunyumba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati nyumba. Popita kusaka, ntchofu zimathandiza kuti mdaniyo aduluke mothamanga kupita kwawo ndikuthira nkhondo munthu yemwe akumufuna.

Ma gill slits amasunthidwa kwambiri posachedwa ndikuwoneka ngati mabowo ang'onoang'ono owotcha; izi zimawoneka bwino mu chithunzi cha eel ma eyel. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi chidutswa chakuda pa kutsegula kwa gill.

Mwa mawonekedwe anayi amphuno, gulu limodzi limakhala ndi mphuno zazitali monga timachubu kapena timapepala. Kanema wa e-moray eel wopangidwa mu Coex aquarium (Seoul) amachititsa kuti azitha kuwona timachubu zachikaso zam'maso am'mawa.

Kodi ma moray eels ndi amtundu wanji?

Mtundu wa ma eel Moray nthawi zambiri umakhala wopanda manyazi, woyenera kuzungulira malo ozungulira: mawonekedwe akuda, amtundu wotuwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawanga, mumtundu wina umatha kukhala wopindika kapena wopindika, zomwe ndizoperewera (onani kanema pansipa wa zebra moray).

Mtundu wowala wopanda mawonekedwe a moray eels umasiyanitsa riboni rinomurena (Rhinomuraena quaesita), yemwe, chifukwa cha kusintha kwake kwa moyo wonse, ali ndi mayina angapo: eel ribbon eel, eel-striped wakuda ndi eel-striped. Mawu oti "eel" pamenepa amatanthauza kuti ndi wachibale wapamtima wa ma eels ndipo amatanthauza gulu la eel.

Kusintha mtundu ndi jenda

Rhinomuraena quaesita) komanso (amphiprions) ndi protandric hermaphrodite. Izi zikutanthauza kuti achinyamata onse ndi amuna, ndiye akafika kutalika masentimita 85, amakhala akazi.

Mitundu yamtunduwu ikamakula katatu, mtundu wake umasintha:

Khungu la achichepere limadzaza ndi zakuda ndipo limakhala ndi chikasu chowala chachikasu.
Atafika masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi kutalika kwake, achichepere amasandulika amphongo abuluu owoneka bwino, nsagwada zawo zimasanduka zachikaso.
Amuna, okhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 85, kusintha kwa kugonana kumachitika, amakhala akazi ndipo mtundu wa thupi pang'onopang'ono umasinthira kuchoka pamtambo wamtambo kupita wachikaso. Zachikazi za tepi touluka chikasu.

Mosasamala mtundu wake ndi chikhalidwe chawo chogonana (chaching'ono, chachimuna kapena chachikazi), ngale ya lebon imatha kunena kuti ndi yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa matendawa: thupi lake ndi loonda komanso lalitali, lofanana ndi riboni.

Chithunzi chokoma chija chimamalizidwa ndi buluku wokhala ndi mbali zokulungidwa ndi mabowo owoneka ngati mafani pamwamba pa nsagwada yapamwamba. Ma loboti awa amasinthidwa mphuno, chifukwa chomwe Rhinomuraena quaesita imadziwikanso ndi dzina - losed moray eel.

Nsomba zodabwitsazi zimakhala m'madzi ofunda a Indian ndi Pacific Oceans: pakati pa miyala yamiyala, m'madzi opanda pansi, omwe pansi pake amaphimbidwa ndi silt kapena mchenga. Ithaikidwa m'manda mumchenga, ndipo mutu wokha wokhala ndi mphuno yayitali umawonekera kuchokera kunja. Pafupifupi nthawi yonseyi ma rhinomerens amabisala m'misasa, omwe ndi mafoloko, ma voids pakati pamiyala, m'mapanga.

Zakudya zawo zimakhala pafupifupi tinsomba tating'ono. Amakopa nyama yosunthika ya khungu yopezeka kumapeto kwa nsagwada yam'munsi. Amatha kudya crustaceans, koma osowa.

Malo ndi chikhalidwe

Ma eel Morel ndi anthu okhala m'madzi okha omwe amakhala m'madzi ofunda. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya nsomba zapaderazi imawonedwa mu Indian Ocean, makamaka mu Nyanja Yofiira. Amatha kupezeka munyanja ya Atlantic (Nyanja ya Mediterranean), komanso kumadera ena a Pacific Ocean. Nthawi zina funsoli limabuka: "Nsomba zaku Europe zamadzi zam'madzi zatsopano." Uwu ndi njira yolakwika chifukwa a European moray eel (Muraena helena) amakhala m'madzi am'nyanja: mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean komanso pagombe la Atlantic ku Africa.

Ma eel Morel amakhala pansi, chifukwa amakonda kukhala pansi, makamaka samawonekera pamadzi. Amakhala otakataka kwambiri usiku, akatuluka m'malo awo osaka kuti akasaka. Masana, amabisala muming'alu pakati pa miyala kapena miyala kapena pakati pa miyala yamiyala. Mutu uli panja pobisalira ndipo nthawi zonse umayenda: chifukwa zolaira zayang'ana nsomba zomwe zikudutsa - zomwe zingatheke.

Kodi pali ma eels am'madzi oyera?

Inde, pali mtundu wina wodziwika bwino wa ma eel Mory omwe amatha kukhala ndi madzi ndikukhala ndi mchere wosintha kwambiri. Ichi ndi matope kapena matope a ku Moray eel (dzina lasayansi Gymnothorax matailosi), omwe ali masentimita 60 kutalika, ndipo amakhala kumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean (kuchokera kumalire a India mpaka ku zilumba za Philippine). Mtunduwu umakhala m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso m'nkhanira zam'madzi ndi m'madambo, momwe mchere umasinthira, ndipo umatchedwa "madzi oyera a moray eel". Komabe, dzinali limangolankhula za malo asodzi, koma sizitanthauza malo okhala. Elsa yadzuwa imeneyi imatha kukhala m'madzi osakhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, koma m'malo mwake ndi bwino kuyiyika mu aquarium ndi madzi amchere. Pokhala ndi zakudya komanso mavuto, madzi opanda mchere amatha kukhala mu ukapolo zaka makumi atatu.

Chakudya, adani ndi abwenzi amadzaza

Mitundu yonse ya nsomba zam'munsi ndizakudya zam'mimba, ma cephalopods (makamaka octopus, komanso squid ndi cuttlefish), crustaceans (shrimps zazikulu ndi nkhanu), ndi echinoderms ndi urchins zam'nyanja. Amasaka usiku, ndipo masana amakhala mnyumba zawo (malo ena aliwonse okhala mwala pakati pa miyala yamiyala ndi miyala). Momwe kununkhira kumathandizira kwambiri pakupeza chakudya, ndipo ma eel akhungu nthawi zambiri amadzimva kuchokera kutali. Mlendoyo atangofika, wolusa amangotuluka m'khola lake ndikugwila mano ake okufa.

Adani omwe ali ndi vuto lonyansa sakhalapo.Kupatula apo, amakhala mokhazikika, ndipo alipo ochepa omwe akufuna kumenya nkhondo ndi nsomba yayikulu komanso yolimba, yomwe ili ndi kamwa yokhala ndi mano owola m'miyala yake. Pakakhala kusowa kwaulere, ma eel amamu amatha kuthamangitsidwa ndi nsomba ina, koma nthawi yomweyo imabisala mumphika wapafupi. Pali mitundu ina yomwe imatha kusokera osakufuna ngakhale pamtunda, kusamukira kumalo otetezeka.

Asodzi a nsomba za m'mawa amakhala m'gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi ray. Ma eel onse amwano amaphatikizidwa mu mtundu, womwe umakhala ndi mitundu 12. Amakhala kunyanja zam'madzi za Indian, Pacific ndi Atlantic, ndiwo anthu oyamba kunyanja zamchere za Pacific ndi Red. Nsomba zodya nyanjayi zimakhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi miyala yamadzi komanso m'matanthwe a coral. Amakonda kupuma m'mapanga a pansi pa madzi ndi m'malo ena okhala zachilengedwe.

Kodi chodabwitsa ndi chiyani cha nsomba zam'madzichi? M'mawonekedwe, amafanana ndi ma eel. Thupi ndi lalitali, khungu limakhala losalala popanda mamba ndipo limakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto. Imakhala yofiirira kwambiri ndi mawanga akulu achikaso, momwe mumakhala malo ang'onoang'ono akuda. Mitundu yambiri, ndalama yayitali imayamba kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumbuyo. Mitundu yonse imasowa zipsepse zamkati ndi chamkati.

Pakamwa pakamwa paliponse, ndipo nsagwada zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mano akuthwa, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amangogwiridwa kokha, komanso owopsa komanso nthawi zina amabweretsa mabala owopsa. Ma eel Morry amakhala achiwawa mwachilengedwe motero amakhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu. Asodzi achita nawo mantha.

Kuluma kwa nyama yolusa yam'madziyi kumakhala kowawa kwambiri. Popeza zalumidwa, nsomba imakakamira pamalo omenyedwawo, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzimatula. Zotsatira za kuluma kotereku ndizosasangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa ma ntchofu am'mimba mwa nsomba zam'nthawi imeneyi mumakhala zinthu zomwe zimapweteketsa anthu. Zilondazo zimachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zimapweteka, zimatulutsa, motero, zimabweretsa kusasangalala. Palinso zochitika zina zolembedwa pamene kulumwa kwa nsomba iyi kunapha.

Vutoli likukulirakulira chifukwa choti oimira genus ali ndi nsagwada yowonjezera yam'mero pakhosi. Ndiyo mafoni ndipo imatha kupititsidwa patsogolo kuthandiza nsagwada yayikulu kugwira nyama. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka chifukwa chake ndizovuta kwambiri kumasula zilombo zomamatira pakhungu. Munthu wolumidwa amalumetsa nsagwada yayikulu, koma nsombayo sisituluka, chifukwa izi zimalepheretseka nsagwada ya pharyngeal.

Kutalika, oimira nyamazo amakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo kulemera kwa munthu payekha kumatha kukhala pafupifupi 40 kg. Koma zochuluka mwa nsomba izi sizidutsa mita 1 kutalika ndi kulemera 15 kg. Komabe, zodzichepetsera zoterozo sizichepetsa ngozi zawo kwa anthu. Ngakhale nsomba yocheperako yam'mimba imatha kuyambitsa mabala akulu komanso akuya omwe amachira kwanthawi yayitali.

Ku Roma wakale, nsomba izi zimadziwika kuti ndizakudya zabwino. Amaleredwa m'madziwe apadera ndi m'madzi akuluakulu am'madzi. Amatumikiridwa pagome pamasiku a tchuthi chachikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, amadyedwa kwambiri ndi anthu achuma, popeza osauka sakanakwanitsa kudzutsa matendawa. Zomwe zimadyera panyanja zimadyanso tinsomba. Ndiye chakudya chachikulu pachakudya chawo. Kuchulukitsidwa kwamtunduwu molingana ndi gulu la IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Natural) kumayambitsa nkhawa pang'ono.

Giant moray (lat.Gymnothorax javanicus) (Chichewa Giant moray). Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Andrey Narchuk

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazithunzi zakuda za eyel. Koma kodi ndizowopsa komanso zowopsa kwa anthu? Yankho ndi lakuti ayi! Zovuta zambiri zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku zimayambitsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha anthu. Ndipo zili choncho! Palibe chomwe chingaseketse zilombo zokhala ndi mano aatali komanso owongoka ngati oyala.

Nyumba yake ndi madzi otentha komanso otentha a nyanja zamchere za Pacific ndi India, Nyanja Yofiira, gombe la zilumba za Southeast Asia, New Caledonia ndi Australia.

Monga nthumwi zonse za ma eel Moray, chimphona chachitetezo cham'madzi chimapewa madzi osatseguka ndipo chimakonda kubisala m'malo otetezeka omwe ali osazama kopitilira 50 metres.

Giant Moray ndi Wotsuka

Nsagwada ya pharyngeal imawonetsedwa ndi muvi

Eya, tsopano zolonjezedwa - zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi kusaka kolumikizana kwa chimphona zam'madzi zam'madzi komanso ma bass a nyanja - wina wokhala m'dziko lamadzi.

Moray eel ndi nyanja zam'madzi

Zochepa sizikudziwika pokhudzana ndi kuswana kwa maimelo akuluakulu. Monga mitundu ina, imaberekanso ndi caviar.Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zingapo zimasonkhana m'madzi osaya, pomwe zimayikira mazira, omwe kenako amakola amuna. Nthawi zambiri mazira amayenda m'madzi limodzi ndi mafunde am'nyanja ndipo amanyamulidwa mtunda wautali.

Zidole zodyetsedwa zimadyetsedwa pa zooplankton mpaka atakula. Kenako amasamukira kumathanthwe kapena m'matanthwe, kuthawa adani ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala achinsomba.

Kuyeretsa pakamwa

Dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi ndi chilengedwe chapadera. Pali zolengedwa zachilendo zochuluka bwanji zomwe zimapezeka pano! Imodzi mwa magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana yaminyama yam'madzi imatha kutchedwa nsomba, chifukwa pakati pawo pali zolengedwa zomwe sizimawoneka ngati nsomba poyang'ana koyamba. Msodzi wa nsomba za Moray eel ndi amodzi mwa otere. Nyama zazikuluzikuluzi, za gulu la eelaceae, banja la moraine, ndizokumbukira kwambiri njoka, osati nsomba.

Kodi ndimatenda ati nsomba?

Ngati zinthu zonse zomwe zimapangidwa zikugwirizana ndi malo okhala eel, ndiye kuti zitha kupirira kwambiri, ngati nsomba ina iliyonse. Komabe, ngati mikhalidwe yosungidwa ikuphwanyidwa ndipo cholembera chakhala nthawi yayitali, mavuto azaumoyo sadzakhalapo.

Masiku ano, pali matenda ambiri am'madzi am'madzi. Monga lamulo, chifukwa chake ndi motere: makonzedwe osayenera a aquarium ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Zifukwa zazikulu:

Madzi mu aquarium sanasinthidwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo anali akuda kwambiri.
Madzi a nsomba sanatengeke bwino.
Kakhazikidwe koperewera ka m'madzimo: kopanda zotetezera, kuwala kowala kwambiri, kotentha kwambiri kapena madzi ozizira.
Mitundu yosavomerezeka ya nsomba idayikidwa mu aquarium imodzi.
Zakudya zopanda pake, kusakwanira kwa mavitamini ndi zinthu zofunika kuti mukhale nsomba.

Mulimonsemo, nsomba zamtundu uliwonse zimafunikira chisamaliro chachikulu komanso chisamaliro choyenera. Ngati mukuganiza kugula Moray eel, afunseni eni ake za nsomba zomwe zili ndi zina zomwe muyenera kuziwona kuti mupewe mavuto omwe angakhalepo mtsogolo.

momwe mungapangire madzi am'madzi akuwonekera

Kwa exotic - akatswiri

Popeza pamwambapa ndi zina zambiri, kapangidwe ka malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zam'mawonekedwe amadzala ndizovuta zingapo ndipo kumafunikira kuti akatswiri odziwa zam'madzi azitenga nawo mbali. Kupanda kutero, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kokuwonongerani nthawi, ndalama ndi thanzi pachabe, zanu zonse "zopanda phindu" komanso zanu.

Mukamaitanitsa aquarium kuchokera kwa akatswiri athu pazokongoletsa ndi malo okhala, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti "zimphona zanu zokongola" zimadzimva bwino m'miyoyo yawo yonse, nthawi yomwe ali mu ukapolo moyenera ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino limafika zaka 10-12.

Mwina muli kale ndi aquarium, koma imafunika kukonzedwa, kusinthidwa. Kapena mukungofuna kusintha malo osasangalatsa ndi mitundu ya zinthu ndi zina zatsopano, ndipo kusankha kwatsika pang'ono. Tikwaniritsa zofuna zanu:

tikonzanso ma aquarium, ndikusinthira zida zowonongeka ndikusankha zosefera ndi mphamvu yokwanira,
tiyeni tikonzere mkati mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale oti "sankhani" mawa,
timadzaza ndi anthu athanzi, achichepere, komanso otheka omwe amakhalidwa ku famu yathu yamadzi.

Tsiku Lopangidwa: 09/02/2019

Zowopsa. Zabwino!

Zinthu zitatu zomwe zimachitika moipa nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mantha kwa iwo omwe amakumana nawo koyamba:

chonga njoka, cha chikopa, chopanda masikelo, ziphuphu zam'mimba ndi za pison, komanso mayendedwe ofanana ndi kayendedwe ka njoka,

Mawonekedwe a thupi ndi mayendedwe amisala ofanana ndi njoka

"Maonekedwe oyipa" a diso,
kamwa yayikulu, yokhala ndi mano owola mano yomwe imatseguka mosalekeza.

Nthawi yomweyo, ndizowoneka ngati "zowopsa" komanso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe osazolowereka omwe amakopa chidwi cha zonyansa, makamaka panthawi yakudya.

Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana - chimodzi mwazifukwa zotchuka pakati pa asodzi am'madzi

Njira yokhala

Moray eel ndi nsomba yomwe imatsogolera usiku. Masana, nyama zodyerazi zimakhala mwakachetechete m'miyala kapena m'miyala yamakhola, ndipo kukada kumayamba kusaka. Omwe amagwidwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono, nkhanu, octopus ndi cephalopods.

Pakati pa ma eel Moray, pali mitundu ina yomwe imakonda kwambiri ma urchins am'nyanja. Kukongola koteroko kumatha kuzindikira ndi mawonekedwe a mano awo. Amakhala bwino kuti athyole zipolopolo zotseguka.

Mwa njira, kuyang'ana ma eel akuchipongwe sikusangalatsa kwambiri. Amang'amba wovulalayo ndi timiyendo ting'onoting'ono ndi mano ake, ndipo pakangotsala mphindi imodzi satsala.

Ndipo m'mawa chimangirochi chimayendetsedwa kwinakwake ndipo, atayika mutu wake pamenepo, chimang'amba chihema kumbuyo kwa chihema mpaka chonse chitadyedwa.

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