Shark wamkulu (shark blark) - wakupha wosiyanasiyana pamadzi * Nsomba

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Shaki wa ng'ombe amatchedwanso shark. Zokhudza banja laimvi laimvi. Achibale apafupi kwambiri ndi tiger shark ndi shark wabuluu. Mutha kukumana ndi nsomba zamtunduwu padziko lonse lapansi.

Habitat - madzi osaya. Shaki imalowa m'mitsinje yakuya, monga Ganges, Mississippi, Amazon, Zambezi, ndikupita kumtunda. Amapezeka m'mitsinje yaying'ono. Imatha kukhala m'madzi omwe amayenda munyanja.

Shark wamkulu (shark blark, lat.Carcharhinus leucas)

Habitat

Shaki yamphongo siyimasambira kutali ndi madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kupitilira kwamamita oposa 150. Malo omwe amakhalamo pamakhala akuya ma 30 mita. Imapezeka ku Pacific Ocean pafupi zilumba zonse za Oceania komanso gombe lakumadzulo kwa America - kuchokera ku California ku USA kupita ku Ecuador. Shaki ya ng'ombe samapezeka kugombe lakumwera kwa Australia. Nyanja ya Atlantic imapezeka pafupi ndi mayiko aku America - kuchokera kumpoto kwa USA kumwera kwa Brazil, komanso pafupi ndi Africa - kuchokera ku Morocco kupita ku Angola. Mu Indian Ocean mumakhala madzi pakati pa South Africa ndi Kenya. Imapezeka ku Persian Gulf, pafupi ndi gombe lakumadzulo kwa India.

Malo abwino kwambiri okhala nyama zamtunduwu ndi madzi ovuta a Amazon. Shaki imatha kukwera kumtunda kwa 2 km. Anthu ena osiyana ndi omwewa adawonedwa pafupi ndi Peru. Zamoyo zam'madzi zimakhalanso ku India, mitsinje ya Brahmaputra ndi Ganges, komanso ku Central America, ku Nyanja ya Nicaragua, komwe imachokera kunyanja ya Caribbean komwe kumadutsa mtsinje. Shaki ya ng'ombe imasowa m'malo omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha; imakonda mafunde otentha ndipo imapewa ozizira.

Shaki wamphongo ndi msaki wobadwira ndi wakupha.

Mawonekedwe

Dzinalo la mtunduwu limakhudzana mwachindunji ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, Ndimayanjanitsa ndi nyama yolimbirana motere ndi ng'ombe chifukwa chazovuta. Shaki zachikazi zimakhala zazikulupo kuposa zazimuna. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa nyama yolusa ndi 2,5 metres, pomwe kulemera kwakukulu ndi 130 kg. Shaki yayitali kwambiri imafika mamita 3.5, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu komwe yalembedwa ndi 315 kg. Malinga ndi akatswiri, magawo apamwamba kwambiri akhoza kukhala okulirapo, koma palibe umboni wa izi. Nkhani za asodzi zokhudza asodzi omwe amafikira kutalika kwa mita 4 sizinatsimikiziridwe.

Shaki za Bull zimakhala ndi zipsepse ziwiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kutsogolo kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo. Poyerekeza ndi nthumwi zina zamtunduwu, asodzi awa ali ndi mchira wautali, womwe umakhala wotsika. Nyama iyi ikagwira nyama, imatseka nsagwayo ndi mphamvu yama kilogalamu 600. Pakati pa mamembala onse am'banja, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu. Pamwamba pa shaki pali khungu laimvi, m'mimba mwake ndi zoyera. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, ndizovuta kwambiri kuganizira za shaki m'madzi. Amamuimbidwanso ngakhale za izi zomwe zimachitikira munthu yemwe alibe chibwenzi.

Kuyendetsa pafupi ndi shaki yosamveka - komwe mungapeze ntchito yomwe mungasokonere misempha yanu ndikusewera bwino kwambiri?

Kuswana

Zidyamakanda izi zimakhwima pofika nthawi yayitali mita 1.5. Shaki yovuta kwambiri ndi ya viviparous, mwachangu amabadwamo, kuchuluka kwake kumayambira pa 5 mpaka 10. Amakhala akulu, kutalika kwawo ndi pafupifupi 60-70 cm.Upaka kubereka m'mimba mwa shaki kumatenga miyezi 12. Kubala mwana kumachitika m'misili ndi m'mapiri. Ali ndi zaka 10, shark wonenepa amakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu.

Kukhala Ndi Khalidwe Labwino

Shaki nthawi zambiri imasakidwa yokha, ndizosowa kwambiri kuti amatuluka awiriawiri. Mtunduwu umakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono yamchere komanso yamchere komanso zowononga, chifukwa chake zimakhala zowopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama zazikulu, zimatha kuzilimbana nazo. Khalidwe la shark ndilankhanza, machitidwe sakhala osadziwika. Ponena za zoopsa, amafananizidwa ndi shaki yoyera ndi tiger.

Shaki imayenera kukhala ikuyenda nthawi zonse, apo ayi imira.

Maziko a chakudya - nsomba zingapo, asodzi ang'ono, dolphin. Mukhoza kudya shaki yina yolakwika, ngati ndiyochepa kukula. Monga shaki, imatha kudya zinyalala ndi zinyalala. Amakhulupirira kuti nthumwi zamtunduwu zimakonda kuvutitsa anthu, komabe, akukhulupirira kuti gawo lalikulu la iwo ndi omwe amayimba mlandu chifukwa cha shaki yoyera.

Kufotokozera

Mtundu wa shaki wokhala ndi mphuno yosiyanasiyana umasiyanasiyana malowa. Thupi la shaki yamphongo ndi mfuti yachitsulo, nthawi zina imakhala yotuwa. Imakhala yopanda mawanga ndi zokopa; kumbuyo kumadetsa kuposa m'mimba.

Maso a woimira dziko lapansi pansi pamadzi ali ozungulira, ochepa kukula, ali ndi iris yakuda ndipo ali ndi ulusi wonyezimira. Mtundu wa nsomba uli ndi magawo asanu a gill slits. Dorsal fin ndi yolimba, yopindika patatu, zipsepse zamkati zimapangidwa bwino, nsagwada ya ng'ombe yamphongo imatengedwa ngati chida chawo chachikulu, mano ali olimba komanso owala kwambiri, omwe amapezeka m'nsagwada yam'mwamba ali ndi mawonekedwe osunthika, pang'ono opindika kumbali. Nsagwada yam'munsi imakongoletsedwa ndi mano akuthwa omwe ali ndi kupinda mkati, ndipo atsopano adzamera m'malo mwa odwala kapena mano otayika.

Woyimira yekha wa banja lake yemwe amatha kukhalapo mwatsopano m'madzi atsopano.

Zonsezi ndizokhudza mchere wa m'mwazi wa shaki. M'mabuku ena onse, kuchuluka kwa mchere m'magazi kumayanjana ndi madzi, komanso shaki yamphongo, mchere ndi 50% yokha, yomwe imalola madzi kutuluka kudzera m'mabowo a gill, ndi sodium ndi chlorine, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa cholengedwa cha shark, zimatsukidwa m'thupi la woimira mitundu. nsomba imakumana ndi mchere wofunikira mu thumbo, chiwindi, impso ndi makina - izi zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mchere wamchere mthupi la nthumwi yamtunduwu wa zilombo zam'madzi.

M'madzi abwino makamaka achinyamata amakhala. Nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimakonda madzi abwino panthawi yakuswana, chifukwa m'madzi abwino kuchuluka kwa ana kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri.

Kodi wadyayo amadya chiyani?

Nyama yam'madziyi ndiyowonekera bwino. Ng'ombe yamphongo ikamamva kuti ili ndi njala, imawononga chilichonse panjira yake. Nthawi zambiri wolusa uyu amadya :

ma dolphin
fupa la mafupa
zovunda
otchera
ngale
wokhoza kuukira achibale ena,

mosavuta kuukira munthu . Iye ndi m'modzi mwa oopsa kwambiri.

Shaki ndi mafakitale

Mpaka pano, kugwidwa kwa mafakitale ogwiritsa ntchito nkhonya zamakedzana kwakhazikitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri amawachotsa kuti angochepetsa chiwerengerochi ndikusunga, mwachitsanzo, alendo amabwera chifukwa chakuwombera.

Komanso nyama ya shaki imadyedwa. Zakudya zopangidwa ndi nsomba zamphongo zimawonedwa ngati zosowa, malo odyera ambiri amakopa alendo chimodzimodzi.

Masiku ano, zipsepse za shark zimawonedwa kuti ndizofunika kwambiri. Ntchito kwambiri kuphika ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe. Nthawi zambiri, munthu wamoyo wokhala ndi ziwalo zodulidwa amabwezeretsedwera m'madzi, ng'ombe imafa chifukwa cha njoka ya pansi pa nthaka yosungirako, popeza popanda ziphuphu imatha kuyenda kwathunthu.

Khungu la shark limadziwika chifukwa cholimba. Anthu amachitcha khungu la shagreen. Amisiri amisiri akale anali kugwiritsa ntchito zikopa za shagreen popanga ndikongoletsa zinthu zapakhomo: mabisiketi, milandu. Masiku ano, khungu la shaki limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsapato. Nsapato za Shagreen zimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri.

Chiwindi cha shark chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala. Shark chiwindi mafuta amafanana ndi mafuta a cod chiwindi, ali ndi mavitamini ambiri m'gulu A. Amakhulupirira kuti mafuta a chiwindi omwe ali ndi shaki amachiritsa mabala, ndipo akangokulitsa amatha kupulumutsa munthu ku chifuwa, chifuwa chachikulu komanso khansa yam'mimba.

Akatswiri a bulawa ali ndi chitetezo chapadera. Asayansi pa kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti, palibe matenda amodzi omwe amapezeka m'thupi la shaki amene sanazike mizu pa olusa awa akuyesera mwachangu mankhwala a Edzi .

Thupi lotchedwa squalene limachotsedwa m'mafuta a shark. Nthawi zambiri squalene amapezeka m'mafuta omwe amachokera ku chiwindi cha shark. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu cosmetology, monga chowonjezera chachilengedwe. Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi squalene zimakhala ndi fungo labwino, zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali ndipo sizitaya katundu wawo wochiritsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a shark popanga margarine , zowonjezeredwa ndi zosungunulira za utoto wamafuta, zachikopa.

Shaki wa ng'ombe amatchedwanso shark. Zokhudza banja laimvi laimvi. Achibale apafupi kwambiri ndi tiger shark ndi shark wabuluu. Mutha kukumana ndi nsomba zamtunduwu padziko lonse lapansi.

Habitat - madzi osaya. Shaki imalowa m'mitsinje yakuya, monga Ganges, Mississippi, Amazon, Zambezi, ndikupita kumtunda. Amapezeka m'mitsinje yaying'ono. Imatha kukhala m'madzi omwe amayenda munyanja.

Shark shark, kapena shark blark (Carcharhinus leucas) - mtundu wa asodzi ochokera kubanja la Carchariformes (Carcharhiniformes).

& nbsp & nbsp Zambiri:
ZINSINSI
Kutalika: mpaka 3.5 m.
Kulemera: mpaka 50 kg.

Kufalitsa
Kutha msinkhu: akwaniritsidwa ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2,5 metres.
Nthawi yamimba: Miyezi 10-11
Chiwerengero cha mabanja: kuyambira 3 mpaka 13 mwachangu.

LIFESTYLE
Zochita: Amuna ndi nyama zamtunda, zankhanza kwa aliyense amene angathe kukhala mkangano, zomwe ngakhale anthu nthawi zina amatha kuzilingalira.
Chakudya: Shaki zonse za gululi ndizosawoneka bwino ndipo limodzi ndi nyama zomwe zimadyedwa (nsomba zam'nyanja ndi akhwangwala) zimawononga zinyalala zilizonse.
Utali wamoyo: palibe deta.

NKHANI
Kalawa waku California.

& nbsp & nbsp Shaki izi, zomwe zimafikira 3.6 m kutalika, zimakhala m'mphepete mwa dera lotentha. Shaki wolusa ndi abale ake mosakayikira ndiowopsa kwa anthu.

MUKUDZIWA KUTI.

Magawo awo a testosterone ndi apamwamba kuposa ma vertebral ena, omwe pang'onopang'ono amafotokozera zaukali.
Mtunduwu umatha kusungidwa m'madzi ozungulira kapena ozungulira ma aquariums, omwe kuchuluka kwake ndi malita 3000.
Ndi chinthu chosodza, nyama imadyedwa. Shaki wamphaka ndi shaki wankhanza yemwe amadziwika chifukwa chomenya anthu.

& nbsp & nbsp

ZINSINSI ZOCHULUKA KWA SHARK-Bull

- Mtundu wa shaki wamphongo
MALO OGWIRA NTCHITO
Izi nsombazo ndizazambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimalowa m'mitsinje. Nthawi zina amakwera mtunda wamakilomita ambiri. Zimalowa makamaka mu Ganges, Zambezi ndi mitsinje ina yambiri ya Asia, Africa, America ndi Australia (mwachitsanzo, mtsinje wa Clarence), adawonedwa ku Amazon (pafupi ndi mzinda wa Iquitos, 4000 km kuchokera pakamwa!), Mumtsinje wa Mississippi (mpaka St. Louis ndi River Illinois), Nyanja ya Michigan. Amakhala ku Nyanja ya Nicaragua.
KULIMA
Mtunduwu umatha kusungidwa m'madzi ozungulira kapena ozungulira ma aquariums, omwe kuchuluka kwake ndi malita 3000. Aquariums iyenera kuperekedwa ndi kusefa mwamphamvu komanso kukonzanso madzi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyopsa kwambiri za kunyanja ndi shaki. Zimangokhala pafupifupi pachilichonse chomwe chimasuntha, ndipo ambiri mwa oimira awa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu. Mwa kuchuluka kwaomwe akuukira anthu, amakhala wachiwiri kwa shaki yoyera yayikulu. Shaki ya imvi, zizolowezi, malo okhalira ndi mafotokozedwe ndi mutu wa nkhani yathu.

Maonekedwe ngati shaki wosalala

Asodzi nthawi zina amabwera kwambiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zazikazi zamtunduwu ndizochulukirapo kuposa zazimuna. Pafupifupi, amakula mpaka 3 metres, ndipo kulemera kwawo kumatha kupitilira ma kilogalamu zana ndi makumi asanu. Amuna ali ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 2.5 m, kulemera kwawo ndi 95 kg. Asayansi adalemba anthu amtunduwu, kutalika kwa 4 metres, ndi kulemera kwakukulu, malinga ndi malipoti ena osatsimikizika, anali 400 kg.

Kodi mbawala ya goofy imawoneka bwanji? Amakhala wotopa, pachifukwa ichi amatchedwa ng'ombe. Phulusa, lozungulira komanso lalifupi. Kumbuyo kwa nyama yolusa imachita imvi, komwe ndiko kubisala kwabwino, ndipo sizotheka kuzindikira zoopsa munyanja yakuya mpaka mphindi yomaliza. Mimba ndi yoyera, koma popeza shaki ili ndi chizolowezi chakuukira kuchokera pansi, sizingatheke kudziwa kukhalapo kwake m'madzi kuchokera m'mimba. Nsagwada za nyama yamtunduwu ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Mphamvu ya kupsinjika kwawo imatha kufika 6,000 N. Mphepete mwa mano apamwamba apamwamba atatu amathandizira, ndipo otsika amakutidwa ndi mano ang'onoang'ono.

Shark wamsana kumbuyo ili ndi zipsepse ziwiri - yoyamba ndi yayikulu pang'ono kuposa yachiwiri, palibe cost pakati pawo. Ndalama za caudal ndizitali, zomwe zimadziwika ndi anthu amtunduwu.

Njira Yosaka ndi Zakudya

Khwangwala wamphongo amakonda kusaka yekha. Pazakudya, amasankha madzi oderera kuti awonjezere mwayi wogwira wovulalayo. Chinsomba chokhala ngati chodumphadumpha chimasambira mpaka chinthucho, chimakankhira mwamphamvu ndikuluma. Kulumwa kumagwera munthu wovutikayo mpaka atatha kuthawa. Mwa njira, nyama yolusa imeneyi ndi yaulesi ndipo imasambira pang'onopang'ono komanso moyenerera.

Khwangwala wamphongo amadya mosiyanasiyana - nsomba zake zimangophatikiza ndi nsomba zam'madzi, akambuku ochepa, ngakhale oimira mitundu yake, komanso crustaceans, akamba am'nyanja, zolengedwa zingapo zoyamwitsa kuchokera kumtunda, adapezeka ali kumalo osaka. Shaki sikukana chakudya chokonzeka, ndiye kuti, chomwe chitafa kale, chosiyidwa ndi wolusa wina, kapena kutayidwa mchombo.

Ndipo kuti adzipulumutse kwa wochotsa nyama yemwe akufuna kudya, shaki ya goofy imasamba zam'mimba mwake kuti isokoneze chilombo, ndikuyesa kubisala kuti isawoneke mwachangu.

Kukhathamira kwamadzi

Kutha kwa ng'ombe yamphongo kuti izikhala momasuka m'madzi abwino kumadziwika chifukwa chakuti magazi ake amakhala ndi mchere wambiri ngati momwe umakhalira m'madzi am'nyanja. Shaki, omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kunyanja, amakhala ndi urea wochepa m'magazi awo kuposa anzawo amchere amchere. Chlorine kuchokera m'thupi la asodzi otero amatsukidwa ndi madzi abwino kudzera m'matumba.

Pali milandu ingapo pamene asodzi agumula madzi osefukira atakumana m'misewu yamizinda yomwe idasefukira. Chifukwa chake, mzaka makumi asanu ndi anayi, madzi amodzi atasefukira, asodzi angapo adasiyidwa kudziko lawo, ndipo adasungidwa munyanja ndi gofu yampira. Adakhala komweko mpaka chaka cha 2011, ndipo tsopano zikondwerero zamtundu uliwonse zimachitika mwaulemu wawo.

Ndipo zitachitika chipwirikiti cha mkuntho wa Katrina, anthu angapo owoneka achinkhanira adawonedwa mu Nyanja ya Ponchartrain, ndipo mu 2014 m'modzi mwa olondolera adatsutsa mnyamatayo. Mwambiri, m'madzi oyera awa zolengedwa zowopsa sizimamva bwino kuposa madzi amchere am'nyanja.

Ngozi kwa anthu

Anali shaki wamutu wopanda vuto yemwe adauzira Peter Benchley kuti apange "Nsagwada" - nkhani zodziwika bwino zokhudza za shaki zomwe zimenya munthu. Zochitika zomwe zidathandizira kusintha koopsya zidachitika mu 1916, pamene anthu ambiri akuwopsa aku Shark adadziwika ku New Jersey. Panalibe kukayikira kuti awa anali shaki zokha-zabodza, chifukwa milandu yonseyi idachitika m'madzi oyera, pomwe abale awo oyera, akambuku kapena apatali, omwe ali oopsa kwa anthu, samasambira. Ndipo mu 2009, asodzi a ng'ombe adasaka anthu kunyanja ya Sydney, kufesa mwamantha kumeneko.

Kuti mupewe kukumana ndi nyama yolusa imeneyi, musasambe mozama ndikusambira nokha. Panalibe mlandu umodzi pamene asodzi akuwombera magulu a anthu; amakonda munthu m'modzi. Amasakanso nthawi yamadzulo - dzuwa litalowa kapena mbandakucha, kuti posambira, sankhani madzi abwino nthawi yakusowa.

Ichi ndi chiwopsezo cholusa, kuti musasokonezedwe, tsatirani malamulo otetezedwa mukamasambira mdera lomwe, malinga ndi chidziwitso, shaki yamphongo imakhala.

Shark wachikumbu, shaki yamphongo, shaki yonyezimira, mutu wa pelvis - Carcharhinus leucas

Shaki ya grey ndi woimira banja lake aliyense, yemwe ali ndi milandu yoposa hafu ya milandu yaumunthu yomwe imachitika chifukwa chakuwopseza kwa asodzi akuba. Ili ndi mtundu wamtopola, womwe oimira omwe ali ndi zodabwitsa kwambiri, ali ndi mano amphamvu ofanana ndi mano a akambuku, ndipo amakhala m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe kuli anthu ambiri. Chifukwa cha zonsezi pamwambapa, shaki yamphongo imangokhala imodzi mwamakola atatu oyipa kwambiri aanthu.

Ziwerengero za boma sizikuwonetsa zowona zenizeni - kuchuluka kwaomwe amalephera kumapitilira zomwe zikuwonetsedwa.Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa asodzi omwe ali pafupi ndi gombe ladziko lapansi lachitatu, India, Africa, ndi madera ena kumene kuukira kwa shaki sikulengeza kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, sikulembetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, asodzi amtunduwu ndi ovuta kwambiri kuzindikira kuposa, mwachitsanzo, tiger kapena oyera, kotero kuukira kwawo kungajambulidwe ngati kuukira kwa "shaki za mitundu yosadziwika".

Shaki yamphongo imamvanso bwino m'madzi oyera, omwe amangokulitsa ngozi yake kwa anthu. Kugwira ntchito muzochitika zoterezi ndizotheka chifukwa cha shaki kuti izitha kuyendetsa bwino thupi lake - imasinthika mopanda kupweteka mothandizidwa ndi gill ndi tiziwalo tating'ono tating'ono. Bull shark imapezeka m'mitsinje ya South ndi North America, Australia, USA, Iran, India ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Palinso zochitika zolembedwa momwe zimakhalira m'madzi opanda madzi, m'mizinda yayikulu ya Illinois, New Jersey, m'chigawo chapakati cha New York ngakhale 4000 km kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa Amazon, ndi mtundu wina wa shaki zam'madzi - Archarhinus nicaraguensis, Gill & Bransford - wokhala ku Nyanja ya Nicaragua.

Mwa njira, Nicaragua ndiye nyanja yayikulu kwambiri ku Central America, yolumikizidwa ku Nyanja ya Caribbean ndi mtsinje wa San Juan, womwe kutalika kwake ndi 200 km. Shaki zomwe zimakhalamo ndizopadera kwathunthu - iyi ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe ungakhale ndi moyo wautali m'madzi abwino. Komabe asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti shaki zaku Nicaraguan ndi mitundu yaimvi ndipo si mitundu ina. Anthu okhala ku Nicaragua afikira kukula kwakukulu - utali wawo wa torso ndi 2.53,5 m.

Zochita za shaki yamphongo ndi mitundu yake

Nthawi zambiri, nkhwangwa yamphongo imapezeka m'Panama Canal, pomwe madzi ake amapanga madzi osakaniza ndi nyanja zingapo ndi madzi a nyanja ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri pamapezeka zambiri ku Lake Isabel wa Guatemala komanso mumtsinje wa Atchafalaya, womwe uli pamtunda wa 250 km kuchokera kunyanja ku Louisiana. Malinga ndi mboni zowona ndi maso, adawonidwanso m'mitsinje yapakati komanso kumwera kwa Florida, koma milandu yotere sinatsimikizidwe kapena kudalembedwa ndi akatswiri.

Koma m'maiko a Indochina, kuphatikiza South China ndi India, nsomba zamphongo ndizovomerezeka. Apa, pakamwa pa mtsinje wa Ganges, mitundu yake imakhala, yomwe imadya anthu nthawi zonse: malinga ndi miyambo yakomweko, mitembo ya anthu amiyala ikuluikulu imatsitsidwa m'madzi a Ganges, omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi opatulika, pomwe anthu okonda magazi amawadyera.

Australia imapezeka kawirikawiri pam lipoti za kuukira kwa shaki. Akatswiri owopsa komanso osusuka nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, komanso amasambira mozama mpaka kukafika pafupi ndi khwawa. Ndipo osati kale litali, ku Queensland, mzinda waku Australia, kuwombera kwa shaki pa mtundu wa masewera kunalembedwa: asodzi amtunduwu sangathe kuthana ndi anthu okha, komanso nyama zazikuluzikulu, chifukwa cha liwiro lawo, mphamvu yawo komanso njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, yotchedwa njira yamakampani. ndi mutu komanso kuluma kwamtsogolo.

Shaki za Bull nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopeka za nthano zakale, ndipo m'midzi ina yaku South Africa nthawi zambiri ndizopatulika.

Malinga ndi asayansi, shaki yamphongo yamphongo ndi cholengedwa chankhanza kwambiri padziko lapansi. Thupi lake limatulutsa testosterone yayikulu - yaimuna yomwe imayambitsa khalidweli. Lingaliro ili limalimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse ndi machitidwe: kukalipa kwadzidzidzi kwa omwe akaba ng'ombe zamphongo kumawapangitsa kuti azithamangira pa chilichonse chosunthira, chomwe nthawi zina chimakhala chowongolera cha bwato lamagalimoto kuti chionedwe.

Mawonekedwe a nkhonya iyi amakhala osadukiza komanso amaso, mano ndi akuthwa, pang'ono pang'onong'ono kumapeto. Zitsamba zamtunduwu za shaki zimabadwa ndi mano, ndipo ngati imodzi ya izo itayika, chotsogola chimangobwera patsogolo, ndikuchitika. Mzere wakumbuyo kokha wamano ukukhala mosalekeza, kupatsa shaki zida zowonjezera.

Oimira mtundu wamtunduwu ndi amphamvu mwachangu komanso mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kuthawa kwa iwo pakuchitika kuwukira - amawazunza womaliza, ngakhale atawakhumudwitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, machitidwe awo, monga lamulo, ndi osatsimikizika kotheratu - onsewo amatha kumenya osambira nthawi yomweyo, ndikuyenda mozungulira iye kwa nthawi yayitali atakhala kuti alibe. Kuukira kungakhale kuukira kwambiri kapena kuluma kuti afufuze chinthu. Kuukira sikulephereka ngati mlendo adutsa malire a zinthu za shaki: amasamala dala malo ake ndikumenya aliyense amene am'lowetsa.

Shark sangathetsedwe pomwe munthu ali m'madzi mwachindunji, koma pali malamulo angapo omwe angathandize kuchepetsa ngozi.

Choyamba, madzi amatope, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje kulowa munyanja, ayenera kupewedwa. Pakakhala zovuta kuwoneka bwino, shaki yamphongo imamenya zinthu zilizonse zazikulu. Ndikofunika kudikirira kusambira mvula ikamagwa: mitsinje yamadzi imatha kutsuka m'nyanja, yomwe imawoneka wokongola kwambiri kwa shaki. Milandu yakuwopseza kwa akuba owombetsa anthu akuwoloka mtsinje yalembedwa, motere ayenera kuthandizidwa mosamala kwambiri.

Musapusitsidwe ndi chinsomba cha shaki wamamita anayi - chimatha kudzutsa kachiwiri kugunda gulu logawika kapena chiweto chomwe chayandikira madzi. Pothamangitsa nyama, shaki imatha kuthamanga kwambiri, kuphatikiza apo, imakhala yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba.

Chifukwa chake, nthumwi za shaki yaimvi zimatha kupezeka osati m'madzi a nyanja zonse, komanso m'madzi ambiri abwino.

Kodi ziwonetsero zomwe zimapanga ena mwapadera ndi ziti?

Ndi chinsomba chachikulu chomangidwa ndi matupi akuluakulu. Kalanga kwa shark ndi kofinya, mutu ndiwokwanira mokwanira, maso ali ndi kope. Miyeso ya kumapeto kwa kutsogolo imakhala yayikulupo kuposa kumbuyo kwake. Pali chodulira chaching'ono pamtunda wokulirapo wam'mphepete mwa ndalama zamtchire. Mano a m'munsi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa kumtunda, onse amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanizika ndipo malekezero amizere. Pakati pa anthu ena am'banjali, shaki yamphongo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mutu komanso kuwomba kwakuthwa, chifukwa pomwe shaki adatchedwa "blunt". Kutalika kwa akazi, monga lamulo, ndi 4.5 mamilimita, amuna ndi ocheperako - kutalika kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala 2,5. Shaki yokhala ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 316,5 imawerengedwa kuti ndiyolembetsa pazokhudza kulemera kwa asodzi omwe agwidwa kale.

Kumbuyo kwa shaki ndi imvi; utoto wake umasinthasintha kutuluka kukafika kumunsi kwa thupi. Palibe mawanga kapena mawonekedwe pathupi - mtundu wake ndiwanzeru. Komabe, kuwunikiraku kumakhudza utoto - m'madzi osaya, shaki sikhala pang'ono kuwoneka, ndipo m'madzi amatope amakhala owopsa.

Monga china chilichonse, ng'ombe yamphongo imabereka mwa kubadwa kwamoyo. Pa nthawi ya pakati, wamkazi amasintha kukhala mtundu wa chofungatira: amadziyikira mazira onse pawokha. Kubadwa kwa mwana, monga lamulo, kumachitika munyengo yachilimwe - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, chifukwa chomwe abambo pafupifupi 12 amabadwa, omwe nthawi yomweyo amawasiyira zida zawo. Achichepere amafikira kukhwima zaka 3-4, zisanachitike nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito m'madzi osaya, kubisala kwa adani ndikuyang'ana nyama yomwe angaigwiritse ntchito mosavuta. Kutalika kwa moyo ndi zaka 27-27.

Mchizungu, dzina la shark limamveka ngati "bulshark", lomwe limamasulira kuti "shark." Mtundu wa Chispanya umawoneka ngati "tiburon cabeza de batea", womwe ungamasuliridwe "ngati shaki wokhala ndi mutu, ngati mphika." Ponena za chilankhulo cha Russia, apa njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi dzina loti "blunt" kapena "grey ng'ombe shark." Khwangwala adatenga dzina lake losadziwika chifukwa chodabwitsika komanso mwamphamvu, komanso chifukwa chokhala m'madzi atsopano: abusa adayendetsa ng'ombezo pamalo othirira, ndipo nyama ikangolowa m'madzi, asodzi amayandikira ndikumakoka ngati nyama.

Lingaliro loyamba la shaki yamphongo ndi yonyenga kwambiri - imawoneka pang'onopang'ono, yaulesi komanso yosasunthika, koma kufunafuna nyama imangoyenda mwachangu komanso modabwitsa. Nthawi zina, monga shaki ya buluzi, imatchedwa "scavenger of sea sea." Monga lamulo, iye amayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso ngakhale ulesi kuzungulira pomwe amafunafuna malo osuntha omwe angakhale nyama yake. Cholinga chake chikasankhidwa, kuti chikwaniritse, shaki imakhala ndi mphamvu komanso liwiro, lomwe lingathe kuchitidwa chidwi.

Mbawala yamphongo yamphongo imakhala ndi mbiri yodya nyama yoopsa - imapirira kwambiri, komanso yopanda ululu. Pali nthawi zina pamene shaki zamtunduwu zomwe zimagwidwa kale ndikutsukidwa zimadya zakezawo - zimakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu chokhala, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa bwino mu mtundu wa mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu.

Asodzi achikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala osankhika posankha zakudya - ndiopatsa chidwi ndipo amatha kudya nsomba ndi nkhanu, komanso zinyalala zilizonse. Amatha kudya zovalazo, ndipo, chowonadi chowopsa kwambiri ndi chiyani kwa iwo, ngakhale mnofu wa munthu. Komabe, zomwe zimakonda kudya nsomba zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo ma invertebrates akulu ndi ang'ono, nsomba zazing'ono zamkati, nsomba zamfupa ndi dolphin zamitundu yayikulu.

Ovutika kwambiri ndi shaki zamphongo pakati pa anthu ndi osambira amodzi, akusambira, monga lamulo, m'mawa kapena, mochedwa. Kuya kwakuwukira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosazama - 0,5-1 m okha.

Shaki yoopsa kwambiri pa anthu amaganiza kuti ndi yomwe idachitika ku United States ku New Jersey, ku New York, mu 1916. Ndipo patangopita masiku angapo, anthu anayi adamwalira, ndipo m'modzi adavulala kwambiri. Pakupita kwakanthawi, yemwe akuti ndiwo anayambitsa ngoziyi adagwidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukonde. Wokonda magazi amunthu adayikidwa pagulu. Sanakhale wamkulu ngakhale pang'ono, koma mwana wa shaki yoyera yayikulu, kutalika kwake sikunafikire 2 metres. Komabe, palibe chitsimikizo kuti shaki yomwe ija idagwidwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo akatswiri ambiri amatenga lingaliro loti shaki wamphongo wamphongo yekha yemwe angachite izi. Zomwe zimathandizira mawu awa ndi madzi amtsinje momwe zojambulazo zinalembedwera - zinali zatsopano.

Tsoka lowopsa linayala maziko a filimu yotchuka "Jaws" - yoyamba mumtundu wake, yomwe idakhazikika mozungulira ngozi yakufa kwa asodzi. Komabe, heroine wamkulu wa kanemayo akadali shaki yoyera yayikulu, ndipo osati imvi.

Monga shaki iliyonse, ng'ombe yamphongo imakhala pamwamba pa piramidi ndipo sichikhala ndi adani oopsa omwe angayipire. Zokha zomwe zimasiyana ndi mahava opha ndi abale omwe amaposa munthu wina kukula. Choopseza chachikulu kwa amphaka amphaka ndi munthu ndi ntchito yake, osati zokhazo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa nsomba chifukwa cha chakudya (zipsepse ndi nyama zimayesedwa ngati chakudya) - nthawi zina shaki zimaphedwa monga choncho, chifukwa cha ngozi yomwe ingachitike kwa anthu. M'malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuchita ntchito zam'madzi kapena m'mphepete mwa malo osungirako, shaki nthawi zonse amagwidwa ndikuphedwa, koma musaiwale za kufunika kwa chinthu chilichonse cha nyama ndi nyama pakugwirira ntchito kwa pulaneti - kuwonongedwa kosalamulika kwa mitundu iliyonse, ngakhale yoopsa motere, kumabweretsa. zotsatira zoyipa. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndikupeza njira zogwirizanirana mwamtendere pakati pa anthu ndi shaki, zomwe zingakhale zotetezeka momwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mitundu yonseyi, m'malo mongolengeza adani amtundu wa anthu, kuwononga kuchuluka kwawo kulikonse, kubwezeretsa komwe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.

Adani

Mkati mwa nyanja, adani a shaki yovuta ndi abale ake - azungu oyera ndi akambuku. Anthu ena onse m'banjamo amakhala m'malo ena. Mdani wowopsa ndi munthu yemwe amasaka nsomba'zi kwa zaka mazana ambiri ndikuziwononga. Zoopsa zambiri zimangodikira mwachangu: zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zazikulu kuposa iwo, mbalame, ng'ona. Kukula ndikuyamba kukhala munthu wokhwima, yamphongo imayamba kusokoneza anthu okhala m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Kanema wokhudza nyama yolusa yomwe ili m'madzi a Pacific, Atlantic ndi Pacific Oceans

Shark wachikumbu, shaki yamphongo, shaki yonyezimira, mutu wa pelvis - Carcharhinus leucas

Ziwerengero za boma sizikuwonetsa zowona zenizeni - kuchuluka kwaomwe amalephera kumapitilira zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa asodzi omwe ali pafupi ndi gombe ladziko lapansi lachitatu, India, Africa, ndi madera ena kumene kuukira kwa shaki sikulengeza kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, sikulembetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, asodzi amtunduwu ndi ovuta kwambiri kuzindikira kuposa, mwachitsanzo, tiger kapena oyera, kotero kuukira kwawo kungajambulidwe ngati kuukira kwa "shaki za mitundu yosadziwika".

Mwa njira, Nicaragua ndiye nyanja yayikulu kwambiri ku Central America, yolumikizidwa ku Nyanja ya Caribbean ndi mtsinje wa San Juan, womwe kutalika kwake ndi 200 km. Shaki zomwe zimakhalamo ndizopadera kwathunthu - iyi ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe ungakhale ndi moyo wautali m'madzi abwino. Komabe asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti shaki zaku Nicaraguan ndi mitundu yaimvi ndipo si mitundu ina. Anthu okhala ku Nicaragua amafikira kukula kwakukulu - utali wawo wa torso ndi 2,5-3,5 m.

Zochita za shaki yamphongo ndi mitundu yake

Australia imapezeka kawirikawiri pam lipoti za kuukira kwa shaki.Akatswiri owopsa komanso osusuka nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, komanso amasambira mozama mpaka kukafika pafupi ndi khwawa. Ndipo osati kale litali, ku Queensland, mzinda waku Australia, kuwombera kwa shaki pa mtundu wa masewera kunalembedwa: asodzi amtunduwu sangathe kuthana ndi anthu okha, komanso nyama zazikuluzikulu, chifukwa cha liwiro lawo, mphamvu yawo komanso njira yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, yotchedwa njira yamakampani. ndi mutu komanso kuluma kwamtsogolo.

Shaki za Bull nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopeka za nthano zakale, ndipo m'midzi ina yaku South Africa nthawi zambiri ndizopatulika.

Shark sangathetsedwe pomwe munthu ali m'madzi mwachindunji, koma pali malamulo angapo omwe angathandize kuchepetsa ngozi.

Chifukwa chake, nthumwi za shaki yaimvi zimatha kupezeka osati m'madzi a nyanja zonse, komanso m'madzi ambiri abwino.

Kodi ziwonetsero zomwe zimapanga ena mwapadera ndi ziti?

Ovutika kwambiri ndi shaki zamphongo pakati pa anthu ndi osambira amodzi, akusambira, monga lamulo, m'mawa kapena, mochedwa. Kuya kwakuwukira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosazama - 0,5-1 m okha.

Shark Yasamba Wamchere

Zosangalatsa ndi gland tiziwalo tomwe timatulutsa timene timatulutsa kapena kufalitsa mchere. Pali nthawi zina pamene asodzi a ng'ombe adagwidwa pamtunda wa 4000 km kumtunda kwa Amazon. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti nkhani ya kukhalapo kwa asodzi a ng'ombe m'mitsinje ya New Jersey, Illinois, likulu la New York ndi mizinda ina yayikulu.

Nyama yamagaziyi imakhala nthawi zonse munyanja za Mississippi ndi Nicaragua, komanso mumtsinje wa Ganges. Ku India, panjira, pamene mitembo ya anthu ochokera kumtunda waukulu umasiyidwa m'madzi oyera amtsinje, ndiye shaki wamphongo yemwe amadandaula kaye ndi nyama.

Onani vidiyo - Shark Shull Shark:

Asodzi a ng'ombe zam'madzi amaloledwa kulowa m'madzi oyera kuti abereke ana a ng'ombe nthawi yakubzala ya mullet. zazikazi zimabereka asodzi a theka-mita, ndipo zimakhala m'mitsinje kapena ngalande mpaka zitakula - pafupifupi zaka 3-4. Pambuyo pake, ana ndikupita kunyanja kukafunafuna chakudya chokulirapo.

Shark shark - cannibal nambala 1

Akuluakulu samasamala pankhani ya chakudya. Zakudya zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma dolphin, ma invertebrates, mullet ndi nsomba zina. Shaki zazikazi sizimanyoza zovalazo, nthumwi za mitundu yawo, ndipo koposa zonse, anthu.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu osungulumwa nthawi zambiri amakhala akuvutitsidwa ndi nsomba izi, ndipo olimbana ndi magazi amawukira m'mawa kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yamadzulo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuya kwambiri kwa mita 0.5-1.

Shaki zamtunduwu zimatha kusintha mtundu wamtundu kuchoka pa imvi yakuda kukhala kuwala, kotero ngakhale m'madzi osaya sazindikira kwenikweni. Ndiowopsa makamaka m'madzi ovuta.

Pali milandu yodziwika ya anthu owoloka mtsinje.

Wovutitsidwayo nthawi zina amatha kunyengedwa ndikuwoneka pang'ono komanso mochedwa kwa chimphona cha mita 4, koma asodzi amphongo amatha kuukira chimphepo kapena chiweto chofikira kumadzi ndi liwiro la mphezi. Popitilira komanso kulimba mtima, nyama yomwe imadya imathamanga kwambiri ikufuna chakudya.

Inali mtundu uwu womwe umagwira monga chiwonetsero cha chilombo cha toothy kuchokera ku kanema "Jaws". Nyama izi ndizolumikizira komaliza pazakudya; m'chilengedwe, asodzi a ng'ombe samakhala ndi adani enieni kupatula munthu. Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito nyama ya achichepere, motero mtunduwu ndi chinthu chofunikira kuwedza. Nthawi zambiri, ng'ombe yamphongo imakhala pafupifupi zaka 20.

Onerani kanema - Kuukira kwa shaki wamphongo pa munthu:

Kupirira kwambiri komanso kusamva kwenikweni kupweteka kunapereka shark zamphongo. Pakhala pali nthawi zina oti akatemera amphaka amtumbo, atatulutsidwa m'madzi, akudya masamba awowo.

Nthano zambiri zimaperekedwa kwa nsomba izi. M'midzi ina ku South Africa, shaki zamphongo zimawonedwa ngati zopatulika. Mwambiri, asodzi a ng'ombe amabadwa opha anthu angwiro. Izi zodzitchinjiriza zachilengedwezi zimatulutsa testosterone wambiri kuposa cholengedwa china chilichonse.

Kulira kwa nyama zodya nyama kumakhala kosavuta kuzimiririka, komwe kumawonjezera mphamvu, ndipo pakamwa ponse pamamwa pamakhala chida chodalirika.

Mwa njira, asodzi amabadwa kale ndi mano akuthwa, ndipo ngati dzino lina lakutsogolo litatuluka, yatsopanoyo silikula, ndipo iye amene akukula kumbuyo kwa wakugwa amangopita kutsogolo. Mzere wakumbuyo kokha ndi womwe umakulirakulira, kubwezeretsa nsagwada za nsomba ndi zida zatsopano zakupha.

Mumabulu achikazi, monga mitundu ina ya adani,. Mukamapereka ana okhathamira amwazi, mayi wongopangidwayo, osayang'ana m'mbuyo, amasambira kutali - kuyang'ana womenyedwera watsopano.

Khwangwala wamphongo ndi nyama yolusa yomwe ili ndi ufulu kutenga dzina la nyama yabwino komanso yamphamvu. Ndizosatheka kuthawa kwa mfumu yamadzi - ndipo, ndikusambira mumadzi abwinoko, kodi simukuopa kukumana pafupi ndi wolusa yemwe amafesa?

Onerani kanema - Shark Wofinya Wopha:

Olimba, osapatsa chidwi komanso osangalatsa - koteroko ndi shaki yolima yatsopano komanso yamchere padziko lonse lapansi. Nyamayi imayendayenda pamadzi ndi mitsinje, komwe kumakhala anthu ambiri, ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi shaki yoopsa kwambiri.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Shaki yovala bwino yozolowera kukhala ndi moyo kumadzi abwino komanso aku nyanja, yosambira mosavuta mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, chifukwa cha zida zapadera za kusinthanitsa. Uwu ndiye magalasi ndi ntchito ya thumbo, ntchito yayikulu ndikuchotsa mchere wambiri womwe umabwera komwe shark ili munyanja. Nyamayi imathanso kusiyanitsa pakati pa chakudya kapena zinthu zoopsa, ikumayang'ana mamvekedwe ochokera kwa iwo kapena mtundu (zinthu zowala zachikasu / zolengedwa pansi zomwe zimayang'anira chisamaliro).

Shaki yamphongo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yosatsimikizika: momwe zimakhalira sizichita zanzeru zilizonse. Amatha kutsagana ndi mayiyo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso osayang'ana kumbali, kuti amugwiritse mwankhanza. Ndipo zili bwino ngati kuukira ndikungoyang'ana ndipo sikumapitilira ndi kukanikiza kwakampani komwe kumathandizidwa ndi kuluma.

Zofunika! Iwo amene safuna kuthamanga ndi kuwomba shaki ayenera kupewa madzi amatope (makamaka kumene mtsinje umalowa munyanja). Kuphatikiza apo, simuyenera kupita m'madzi mvula yamvula ikasefukira ndi shaki.

Palibe chovuta kuthawa kwa wozunza - shaki imazunza wodwala mpaka womaliza . Ziwombankhondo zimawombera aliyense amene amadutsa malire a zinthu zawo zapansi pamadzi, nthawi zambiri amatenga ngakhale iwo omwe amapangira motors za mdani.

Habitat, malo okhala

Shaki yaimvi imakhala pafupifupi nyanja zonse (kupatula ku Arctic) ndi mitsinje yambiri yatsopano. Izi nsomba zodya zimapezeka m'madzi otentha komanso am'madzi otentha, nthawi zina zimatsika pansi pa 150 m (nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa pakuya kwa mamita 30). Ku Atlantic, asodzi akhungu atambalala matupi amadzi kuchokera ku Massachusetts kupita kumwera kwa Brazil, komanso kuchokera ku Morocco kupita ku Angola.

Ku Pacific, nsomba zamphongo zimakhala kuchokera ku Baja California kupita kumpoto kwa Bolivia ndi Ecuador, ndipo ku Indian Ocean zimapezeka m'madzi kuchokera ku South Africa kupita ku Kenya, Vietnam, India ndi Australia. Mwa njira, okhala m'maiko angapo, kuphatikiza China ndi India, amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndipo amawopa shaki yamphongo. Chimodzi mwa mitundu ya shaki yosaka bwino imadyedwa nthawi zonse ndi anthu, omwe amathandizidwa ndi chikhalidwe chakale. Amwenye omwe amakhala pakamwa pa Ganges, amatsitsa anthu amfuko lawo kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba kumadzi ake opatulika.

Chakudya Cha Bull Shark

Chinyama cholusa sichimakoma chilichonse ndipo pali chilichonse chomwe chimawoneka m'munda, kuphatikiza zinyalala ndi zovunda. Pofufuza chakudya chamadzulo, ng'ombe imangoyang'ana pang'onopang'ono komanso mwaulesi pamalo omwe chakudya pachakudya, ndikuthamanga kwambiri pakuwona nyama yabwino. Amakonda kusaka yekha chakudya, akusambira m'madzi amatope omwe amabisira shaki kwa omwe angakumane nawo. Ngati china chake chitha kuthawa, nsomba yamphaka imamenya pambali ndikuyiluma. Mankhwalawa amasinthana ndikuluma mpaka pomwe wozunzayo amadzipereka.

Zakudya zodziwika bwino za asodzi akhungu ndi:

Ziweto za m'madzi, kuphatikizapo ma dolphin,
nsomba zapa cartilaginous,
ma invertebrates (aang'ono ndi akulu),
nsomba zamfupa ndi mbola,
cr craceans, kuphatikizapo nkhanu,
njoka zam'madzi ndi echinoderms,
akamba am'nyanja.

Asodzi a ng'ombe zamphaka amangochita zachinyengo (amadya abale awo), ndipo nthawi zambiri amakoka nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimabwera kumitsinje kuzamwa.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mosiyana ndi shaki zina, saopa kuukira zinthu zofanana. Chifukwa chake, ku Australia, shaki imodzi idagunda mpikisano wothamanga, ndipo inayo inakokolola nyanja ya American Staffordshire kunyanja.

Chipongwe ndi zakudya zosagwirizana ndi mitunduyi ndizowopsa kwa anthu omwe nthawi zina amagwera m'mano a zilombozi.

Zizindikiro zakunja za shaki

Shaki yamphongo imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya amphaka: zazikazi zimamera mpaka 3.5-4 m kutalika, pomwe amuna amakula kwambiri kukula (mpaka 2,5 m).

Zokha pazokha sizikhala ndi zosiyana ndi zoyimira zina za banja. Khadi lake loyitanitsa ndikutulutsa wopusa komwe wapeza wolusa dzina lomweli.

Bull shark - woopsa kwambiri wokhala padziko lapansi.

Thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wonyezimira, nthawi zina, limasefukira ndi tint. Kumbuyo ndikumdima pang'ono, ndipo gawo lam'mimba ndilopepuka. Palibe mawanga ndi zotupa pa thupi la shaki, koma pali chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa: chitha kusintha pang'ono mtundu wa thupi lake kutengera chilengedwe - kuchokera pakuwala mpaka kumdima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ng'ombe yamphaka ikhale yochepa kwambiri posaka.

Maso ang'ono a shaki ali ndi ulusi wonyezimira. Shaki ya ng'ombe ili ndi magawo asanu a gill slits. Chida chachikulu cha shaki yovuta kwambiri ndi chibwano champhamvu chokhala ndi mano akuthwa. Pa nsagwada yapamwamba ali ndi uta wooneka bwino komanso wopindika, nsagwada yam'munsi ili ndi mano opindika pakamwa. Shaki yovuta kwambiri yapanga zipsepse zamkati ndi pectoral.

Zochitika Pazithunzi za Grey Bull Shark

Asodzi amatenthedwe amasaka okha, nthawi zina m'magulu otsamira, nthawi zina amangokweza njira kutali, kutali ndi pakamwa. Adazolowera moyo m'madzi ovuta komanso kuwunika pang'ono.

Amadziwika kuti ali ndi mkwiyo, abambo amateteza gawo lawo kwa anthu osawadziwa, kuphatikizaponso anthu, sizivuta kuti angaukire munthu wosatetezeka. Izi, monga lamulo, zimakhala mozama kwambiri, kupenda chilengedwe chawo. Koma izi siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Shaki yaimvi imatha kuthana ndi mphezi mwachangu, moopsa komanso mopanda chisoni.

Izi nsomba zodyedwa ndizofala. Amatha kupezeka pagombe la North America, South America, Australia ndi Africa. Kummwera kwa Eurasia m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuli enanso ambiri. Amakhala munyanja, nthawi zambiri amasambira mumtsinje ndipo amanyamula modekha ndi mchere wamchere. Palibe nsomba zabwinobwino zokha mu Arctic Ocean, kwa iwo madzi ndi ozizira kwambiri. Malo ofatsa, otentha komanso ozizira ndi abwino kwambiri.

Moyo

Shaki yemwe ali ndi vuto amakhala ndi mbiri yoyipa. Amasambira pang'onopang'ono ndipo mwaulesi kusambira, kutemera nyama ndi zinthu. Amakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika bwino, amatha kugwiranso ntchito ali pa mtunda wa 5 km. Amayandama kumbuyo kwake kuthamanga kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa 18km / h. Amakhala moyo wapadera. Amuna ali ndi gawo lawolawo, lomwe amaliteteza mwamphamvu. Ogwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa kwambiri ndi madzulo, inali nthawi iyi yomwe amasaka nthawi zambiri.

Kodi chinsinsi cha luso la shaki wamphongo ndi kukhala m'madzi oyera?

M'masamba ambiri, mchere wambiri m'magazi umagwirizana ndi omwe amapezeka m'madzi am'madzi. Ndipo m'magulu olusa, osadukiza, ndimaperesenti 50 okha, omwe amayambitsa kuthamanga kwamadzi kudzera m'magalasi mwatsopano ndikulowerera kwa chlorine ndi sodium kuchokera ku chamoyo cha nsomba.

Tizilombo totsekemera, chiwindi, impso ndi ma gilini, omwe amatha kudziunjikira kenako ndikupanga sodium ndi chlorine, kupulumutsa shaki iyi, yomwe imasunga mchere wamchere ndipo, motero, imathandizira kusintha kwamadzi.

Ofufuza, panjira, adazindikira kuti achinyamata nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi abwino, ndipo achikulire amasambira pano, makamaka kuti abereke ana, popeza njirayi imathandiza nyama zazing'ono kuti zikhale ndi moyo.

Kodi ng'ombe wamphongo zimawoneka bwanji?

Shaki yotsika imapangitsa chidwi kwa iwo omwe akumana nayo. Ali ndi thupi lalikulu, pomwe akazi ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi amuna ndipo amatha kutalika kwa 4 m, pomwe opalasa awo amakula mpaka 2.5m. kulemera kwa shark kameneka kumatchedwa bovine - 300 kg!

Wokhala ngati wopindika, ngati abale ake onse, thupi la nyama yolusa imamalizika ndi mutu waukulu, wokhala ndi maliseche, misozi yopanda pake, komanso, nsagwada zowopsa.

Mano a "kukongola" kwathu amatha kusinthana ndi kutchetcha pamalo aliwonse, ngakhale chipolopolo. Amawoneka bwino kwambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe opindika patali ndipo ali ndi mbali zolimba mwamphamvu ndipo amakhala mkati. Mwa njira, mano onse akangotuluka, chida chatsopano chopha chimamera m'malo mwake.

Shaki wopaka utoto, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi wopepuka, pafupifupi yoyera.

Kodi shaki ya goofy imakhala kuti?

Malo okhala shaki zazikulu ndi gombe lamadzi lotentha komanso lozama la gawo lakumwera (pafupifupi 30 mpaka 150 m). Nyumba yake ndi Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian Oceans.

Koma zingakhale zolondola kwambiri kuyitanitsa osaka amenewa kuti asamuke, chifukwa posaka chakudya amatha kusambira m'mitsinje ngakhale m'madzi ena, komwe nthawi zina amakhala zaka zingapo. Amazonas, Potomac, Mississippi, Brisbane, Ganges ndi Brahmaputra ndi mitsinje ya shark yomwe amakonda. Kuposa kamodzi kamodzi, shaki yamphongo imapezekanso ku (Central America), komwe imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yotsika mtengo, komanso m'madzi ena abwino okhala ndi madzi okuya (osachepera 30 m).

Mwa njira, woimira kalasi uyu ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya asodzi, omwe amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.

Zamoyo za shaki yamphongo

Khwangwala wamphongo wamphongo anali wotchuka chifukwa chamachitidwe ake osadziwika (omwe, mwadzidzidzi, adatipatsa dzina) ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zowopsa kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Mwa njira, ndi amuna a asodzi akhungu omwe adadziwika chifukwa chaukali wawo. Mwachidziwikire, izi ndichifukwa choti amakhala m'malo omwe mungakumane ndi osambira ambiri kapena omwe amakonda masewera.

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa nsomba izi, pali mfundo zachilendo pamakhalidwe awo ndi moyo wawo. Ndipo ndikudziwika bwino kuti iyi ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino pakati pa mitundu yawo. Nthawi zina amphaka amphaka amasaka awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pomwe anyani amadzilamulira mwamunayo, ngakhale nthawi zambiri iwo, monga abale ambiri, amakonda kusungulumwa.

Pofufuza chakudya, osayesa kupeza malo oti asodzi, shaki yamphongo imatenga chilichonse chobwera. Itha kuukira ma dolphin, ndipo ngakhale tiger kapena zazikulu zazikulu.Timakopeka ndi nkhanu, nsomba zazinkhanira, mbewa, mitundu yonse ya nsomba ndi zovunda.

Ziwombankhanga ndizowopsa kwa anthu

Shaki yamphongo nthawi zambiri imagwira nyama zomwe zafika pamalo othirira komanso anthu omwe adasiya kukhala maso. Amagunda ndi liwiro la mphezi, pomwepo amagwetsa wozunzayo.

Izi nsomba ndizowopsa m'mawa ndi madzulo, nthawi ikafika yoti asaka. Chifukwa chake, anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe shaki imapezeka amatsatira malamulo otetezeka:

Sangathe kulowa m'madzi,
(monga, shaki zimakonda kusaka mmalo mwake) ndizowopsa kusambira, makamaka mvula ikagwa, yomwe imachotsa zinthu zachilengedwe paminda yapafupi,
kusambira kwakutali amathanso kutha komvetsa chisoni.

Shark yotchedwa Bull kapena blunt shark (lat. Carcharhinus leucas) imawonedwa ndi shaki yowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu padziko lapansi. Nanga bwanji ali ndi mbiri yofanana ndi ya abale ake odziwika bwino, ngati amphaka akuluakulu oyera ndi akambuku? Titha kuwerenga bwino, tonse pamodzi tidzayesa kuzilingalira.

Dzina Lodziwika: Bull Shark
Dzina la Sayansi: Carcharhinus leucas
Kukula: Maximum 3.5 m (11.5 ft), Pakati: 2.4 m (7.8 ft)
Kulemera: Kuposa makilogalamu 230 (500 lbs)
Zakuukira: Ziwopsezo zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri zapitazi, zaka 33 zapitazi
Muyezo wakufa: 4 mwa 5

Zambiri za Bull Shark
Asodzi otchedwa a Bull shake adadziwika ndi dzina lawo makamaka la nkhope yawo yazifupi. Ambiri achi shaki ochokera m'banjali adalowamo chifukwa cha mphuno, makamaka Carcharhinus, amatanthauza mphuno yakuthwa.

Dzinali limadziwikanso kuti ndi labwino komanso amakonda kumenya nyama ndi mutu wawo ngati poyambira kuwukira.

Shaki izi zimadziwikanso kuti: shaki ya Zambezi, shaki ya Van Royen, shark waku Nicaragua, shaki za Ganges, shaki yoluka, shaki yokhala ndi fosholo, chinsomba chamadzi oyera, nsomba ya ku Swan, kapena shaki yaimvi.

Asodzi a Bull ali mu banja limodzi ndi asodzi oyera oyera, abambo akambuku ndi asodzi akuwombera. Banja ili limatchedwa Carcharhinidae kapena "Shark Requiem", asodzi ali ndi vuto pafupifupi lonse losavulaza anthu.

Asodzi aullull ali m'malo achitatu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwaomwe akuukira anthu. Malinga ndi File International Shark Attack (ISAF), asodzi akuyenera kutenga nawo gawo paziwopsezo pambuyo poti asodzi oyera akulu ndi akambuku. Pazaka 150 zapitazi, asodzi a ng'ombe 8 adalemba kale, ndipo gawo limodzi lachitatu lidapha. Tikukhulupiliranso kuti ziwonetserozi sizipepukidwa, popeza kuukira kambiri kumachitika mmaiko achitatu apadziko lapansi ndipo sikumaphatikizidwa.

Akatswiri ambiri amawona kuti shaki yowopsa kwambiri ndi shaki yoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Izi ndichifukwa choti, mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zomwe zimakhala zowopsa, shaki ya ng'ombe imangopezeka m'madzi osaya. Ndipo zili pano kuti amatha kukumana ndi anthu, kuphatikizaponso pagombe lina lotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Amakhulupirira kuti ndikuwopseza kwa asodzi amphongo omwe adalimbikitsa omwe amapanga kanema wa Nsagwada kuti apange filimu. Pa nthawi ya chiwombankhanga chodziwika kwambiri kugombe la New Jersey mu 1916, anthu anayi adaphedwa ndipo mmodzi adavulala. Ngakhale kuti panalibe nsomba yayikulu yoyera, shaki yayikulu, mita imodzi (8), anagwidwa pafupi, akatswiri ena sakhulupirira kuti shark yemwe anagwiridwayo anachita nawo nkhondoyi. Zomwe zidachitika ndichimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika mu mtsinje wa Matavan Creek, malo omwe adachitiridweli anali kutali kwambiri ndi nyanja ndipo kunali madzi abwino. Monga mukudziwa, nsomba zoyera zazikulu sizimapezeka m'madzi oyera, pomwe shaki zamphongo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mitsinje ndi nyanja.

Shaki zazing'onoting'ono kwambiri ndizomwe zimaluma kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu uliwonse wa shaki.

Kanema: Wasayansi Eric Ritter amalowa m'madzi ndi ng'ombe zamawonekedwe angapo owopsa.

Shark Shark: Habitat ndi Kugawa
Bark shull ndizofala m'madzi onse ofunda. Amawonedwa kutali kumpoto kwa Massachusetts pagombe la Atlantic ku USA komanso kumwera monga Brazil. Ngakhale sizimawoneka kawirikawiri kumadera ozizira a Pacific Ocean, nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwonekera ku Bahia ku Baja California (Mexico) mpaka ku Ecuador. Shaki za Bull zapezekanso m'malo ambiri mu Indian Ocean, kuphatikiza ambiri a Africa, Western India, kuyambira Vietnam kupita ku Australia.

Chithunzi. Kodi ndingakumane kuti ndi shaki yosalala

Zinsomba zambiri zimapezeka m'madzi osaposa 30 m (100 ft).

Asodzi a nsomba zam'madzi ndi amodzi mwa asodzi ochepa omwe amamva bwino m'madzi atsopano. Shaki zonse zimasunga mchere wambiri mthupi ndipo shaki za bovine zimakhala ndi chida chapadera chomwe chimawalola kuchita izi, ngakhale atakhala madzi abwino.

Ziwombankhanga zidawoneka pakatikati pa mtunda, makilomita 3,220 (makilomita 2,220) kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa Amazon ku Peru ndi makilomita oposa 3,000 (1800 miles) kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa Mississippi ku Illinois. Ku Africa, amatchedwanso shaki ya Zambezi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayendera mtsinjewu, pomwe ku India nthawi zina amatchedwa shaki za Ganges. Chiwerengero cha achinsombawa chinakhazikitsidwanso ku Nyanja ya Nicaragua, panthawi inayake anthu amakhulupirira kuti amatha kulowa kunyanja. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti shaki izi zimatha kuyenda pamitsinje ingapo, kuphatikizaponso kugwirana ena kuti akwaniritse nyanjayo. Pakupita kwa zaka, kuukira kunachitika zingapo mnyanjayi (zina zakupha).

Bull shark pa nthawi ya kusefukira mu 2010 adawona akusambira m'misewu yodzadza madzi ndi kuzungulira Brisbane (Australia).

Pali mphekesera zabodza zamphongo zomwe amayerekezera kuti amakhala kunyanja ya Mediterranean, koma palibe umboni wotsimikiza.

Ngakhale pali nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi ku Lake Michigan, izi zikuwoneka kuti sizingachitike. Ngakhale pali ngalande pakati pa Mississippi komwe adapezeka ndi Nyanja ya Michigan, pali zopinga zambiri mmenemo, monga zipilala zomwe shaki sizitha kuthana nazo.

Asodzi a ng'ombe aku South America amasuntha nthawi ya 3,700 km (2,300 miles) kukwera ndi kutsika ndi Mtsinje wa Amazon.

Bull Shark Anatomy
Asodzi akhungu amadziwika ndi kutetemera kwawo ndi kuzimiririka. Amakhala ofupikirana komanso mulifupi kuposa "Shark Requiem" wina.

Mtundu wa shaki umachokera ku kuwala kupita ku imvi zakuda, ali ndi zoyera pakabera. Achinyamata achichepere amatha kukhala ndi malangizo amdima.

Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri chinali shaki wa 4 mita (13 ft), ngakhale izi sizoyesedwa bwino. Amanenedwa kuti asodzi amatha kutalika kwa 3.5 metres (11 mapazi).

Chithunzi. Mano a shark

Shark wolemera kwambiri wolemera anali mtundu wa kilogalamu 315 (694 lb).

Oba shark alibe chochita. Uwu ndi msewu womwe umayenda pakati pa kutsogolo ndi ziphuphu zakumbuyo kumbuyo kwa shaki. Ziwawa zina zimakhala nazo.

Oba shaki ali ndi maso ang'ono, ang'ono kuposa ena ambiri Shark Requiem. Amakhulupirira kuti akamasaka m'matope am'madzi amadalira kwambiri fungo.

Mano ake ndiotakata komanso amakono atatu, mpaka masentimita 4 (1.5). Zimakhazikika mwamphamvu m'mbali, yomwe ndi yabwino kudula ndikuphwanya thupi.

Akazi amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa yamphongo. Amatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi 16, poyerekeza ndi zaka 12 zazimuna. Izi zikufotokoza kukula kwakukulu kwa akazi achikulire.

Asodzi achichepere amabadwa pambuyo pa miyezi 11 yoyembekezera. Amayi amawabereka ali ndi moyo, nthawi yomweyo amatha kusambira (kukhala amoyo) ndipo samasamala za iwo atabadwa.

Kodi nsomba zamphongo zimadya chiyani?
Shaki pakati pa nyama zolusa zili pamwamba pa chakudya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri palibe amene amawazisaka, ngakhale zili zodziwika kuti nthawi zina amatsutsidwa ndi kudedwa ndi asodzi ena akulu, ndipo pamakhala nthawi zina pamene ng'ona zimapha asaka aku ng'ombe.

Chithunzi. Shaki wakufa ng'ombe

Bush shark udya chilichonse! Ndiwosaka mwanjira iliyonse, ayesa kudya chilichonse chomwe apeza, osayang'ana nyama yomwe angagwire. Ngakhale izi, zakudya zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nsomba, monga mukudziwa kuti amadya nawonso mbawala zazitali, kuphatikiza ndi ang'onoang'ono amitundu yawo. Kawirikawiri, nsomba zazikazi zam'madzi zimadya akamba am'nyanja, ma dolphin, akhwangwala, mbalame zam'madzi, agogo, agalu ngakhalenso akavalo opanda ulemu, asiyeni anthu.

Bull Shark Akuukira
Shaki yamphongo nthawi zina imadziwika kuti ng'ombe yam'nyanja chifukwa chaukali ukuyipidwa. Zimagwirizananso ndi malo okhala shaki komanso mtundu, ndichifukwa chake amatha kukumana ndi anthu kuposa shaki ina iliyonse. Zovuta zambiri zinachitika m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje, kupangitsa kuti zisakhale zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha madzi abwino.

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