Kambuku yam'nyanja ndi yamtundu wa Zisindikizo zenizeni ndipo imapezeka m'magawo ang'onoang'ono mpaka kumalire a madzi oundana.
Mtunduwu udapezeka ndi dzina chifukwa cha nkhanza zake. Iye ndi m'modzi mwa zilombo zazikulu kwambiri, zamphamvu komanso zoopsa zomwe zimakhala ku Antarctic. Pali anthu pafupifupi hafu miliyoni miliyoni mwa anthu amtunduwu. Komabe, nthumwi za mitundu ya anyalugwe am'madzi sizisonkhana, monga abale awo, m'magulu ambiri, omveka omveka omwe amakonza zosefera pamadzi oundana. Kambuku yam'madzi imakonda kukhala yokhayo.
Maonekedwe ngati nyalugwe wanyanja
Mosiyana ndi oimira banja lake, nyalugwe wam'madzi amakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lolimba komanso lothina, posinthasintha, limakumbukiranso njoka.
Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ipange liwiro labwino m'madzi. Mutu wa nyama yamphongo umakutidwa. Mkamwa mumakhala mizere iwiri yamano yolusa yokhala ndi ma fangs. Ndi kulemera kwake kolimba, nyalugwe ya mnyanja ilibe mafuta osunthika. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo ndi pafupifupi 270 kg, kutalika kwa thupi - 3 metres. Akazi amatha kulemera mpaka 400 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 4 m.
Khungu la nyalugwe wam'madzi kumbuyo, mutu ndi mbali zake ndi imvi zakuda, m'mimba mwayera. Dongosolo lakuthwa limawonedwa utoto umodzi utasinthika kukhala wina. Pali malo ambiri amdima kumbali ya thupi la nyalugwe wanyanja ndi pamutu. Pamodzi ndi nyama zomwe zidadyedwa, mawanga awa adathandizira akatswiri a sayansi kuti apatse dzina la mitundu iyi ya zisindikizo. Pobadwa, kambuku panyanja kamakhala ndi khungu lofananira ndi nyama zazikulu.
Nyanja Leopard Behaeve and Nutrition
Kudera la polar, nyama zodyerazi ndi zochuluka, komanso chinsomba chomwe chimapha. Zakudya za nyalugwe zam'madzi ndizosiyanasiyana: cephalopods, nsomba, crustaceans, mbalame, zisindikizo. Akatswiri amati gawo lalikulu lazakudya zamtunduwu ndi ma penguin. Khwangwala wam'madzi wamkulu wopinimina safuna kuukira, koma ana ndi ana omwe nthawi zambiri amasakidwa. Nthawi zina nyama zomwe zimadyera njovu zazing'onoting'ono, pomwe njovu zikuluzikulu za m'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagona pamiyala. Pamadya nyalugwe wanyanja, chidwi chapadera. Nyama zina zamtunduwu zimasaka ma penguin okha, pomwe zina zimakonda kudya zisindikizo.
Zidakwa zankhanzazi zimawombera anthu. Izi zimachitika ngati munthu ali mosazindikira m'mphepete mwa ayezi. Pothamanga kwambiri, kambuku panyanja imadumpha bwino kwambiri. Zipsepse zamtsogolo zazitali ndi zamphamvu zimapangidwa kuti zithandizire nyamayo kutulutsa liwiro lalikulu poyenda m'madzi. Kambuku ya kunyanja imatha kuthamanga mpaka 40 km / h. Maluso a nyamayi posaka ndi motere: kulumpha mwadzidzidzi m'madzi ndi kugwira wolumala yemwe mosazindikira ali pafupi m'mphepete mwa ayezi.
Nyalugwe ya panyanja imagwira ndi nyama yake pa ayezi, munthu atha kuthawa pambuyo poti aukire koyamba. Nyama zonyamula m'madzi zimatha kulowa m'madzi akuya pafupifupi mamilimita 300 ndikupita popanda phokoso kwa mphindi 30. Nyama zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhala munyanja, pakati poyenda ma ayezi kapena m'madzi am'mphepete mwa zilumba. M'mphepete mwa Antarctica, nyamayo imasambira.
Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali
Ngakhale kuti achikulire amakonda kukhala okha, ziswana zazing'onoting'ono zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a nyama zisanu ndi zisanu ndi imodzi ndi zisanu ndi imodzi. Mwa anthu amtunduwu nthawi yakukhwima, palibe chikhalidwe chamunthu chomwe chimawonedwa. Palibe zibwenzi zoyambirira, kapena masewera akwati. M'chilimwe, mating amapezeka m'madzi. Mimba mu mtunduwu imatha miyezi 11.
M'nyengo yotentha kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, mwana yekhayo amabadwa pamadzi oundana. Kutalika kwa khanda lobadwa kumene ndi 1.5 metres ndi kulemera kwa 30 kg. Kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga milungu inayi. Pambuyo pake, khwangwala panyanja ayenera kuphunzira kudzipezera yekha chakudya. Kukula mwakugonana mwa akazi ndi amuna kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana: mwa amuna kwa zaka 4, mwa akazi pambuyo zaka zitatu za moyo. Mbawala za m'madzi zokhala m'malo mwake zimakhala zaka 25.
Anthu ndi Nyalugwe wanyanja
Kuukira kwa nyalugwe wanyanja kwa anthu kukufotokozedwa ndikuti sizophweka kuti nyama idziwe kuchokera m'madzi omwe ali pamphepete mwa ayezi. Ofufuzawo ena akuti ndizotheka kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi oimira amtunduwu. Anthu, nawonso, samasaka anyalugwe am'nyanja ndipo palibe choopseza kuchuluka kwawo.
Kufalitsa
Nyalugwe ya kunyanja imakhala m'madzi aku nyanja ya Antarctic ndipo imapezeka m'mbali mwa madzi oundana a Antarctic. Makamaka, achinyamata amayenda m'mphepete mwa zilumba zapansi ndipo amapezeka chaka chonse. Nthawi zina nyama zosamukira kapena zosochera zimabwera ku Australia, New Zealand ndi Tierra del Fuego.
Kuukira anthu
Nthawi zina nyalugwe zam'madzi zimazunza anthu. Julayi 22, wasayansi wa ku Britain Kirsty Brown ndi omwe adachitiridwa chipongwe chotere. Kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi, nyalugwe wanyanja adagwira mano ake pansi pa 70 m, mpaka atakwanitsa. Awa ndiomwe amafa pamunthu wolumikizidwa ndi nyalugwe ya kunyanja, ngakhale zakhala zikunenedwa mobwerezabwereza m'mbuyomu. Makungu am'nyanja saopa kugwirira maboti; amadumphira m'madzi kuti akagwire munthu ndi mwendo. Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimakhala antchito ofufuza. Chomwe chimapangitsa khwangwala kuchita izi ndi chizolowezi chawo choukira nyama kuchokera m'mphepete mwa ayezi kuchokera m'madzi. Poterepa, nyalugwe wanyanja kuchokera kumadzi sichovuta kudziwa kapena kusiyanitsa amene ali nyama yake. Wojambula wodziwika ku Canada komanso wopereka mphotho zingapo Paul Nicklen, yemwe anajambula kusaka kwa pansi pa madzi kwa ma penguin ndi nyalugwe wanyanja, akuti nyama izi zimatha kuyanjana mwamtendere. Malinga ndi iye, nyalugwe wanyanja mobwerezabwereza idamubweretsera nyama yake ndikuwonetsa chidwi kuposa kukwiya.
Moyo
Masana, nyama yomwe imadya nyanjayo ili pamtendere pa madzi oundana, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa usiku, mitambo yakuwala ikakwera pamwamba kuchokera pansi, nthawi yakudya nkhandwe yam'nyanja.
Krill amapanga pafupifupi 45% yazakudya za kambuku, china 10% ndi nsomba ndi cephalopod zosiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe kapadera ka nsagwada kamakupatsani mwayi wopatsira madzi kudzera m'mano anu ndikumagwira krill ndi nsomba pakamwa panu. Komabe, sikuti kunyamula kwa krill ndi nsomba zomwe zimabweretsa nyalugwe wanyanja kutchuka kwa zilombo, koma kusaka nyama zazikulu. Mu nthawi yophukira, nyalugwe za panyanja zimayamba kukhala zolimba, nthawi zambiri zimayandikira kumtunda, kumene zimadzimadzi za ubweya wamafuta ndi ma penguin achichepere osazindikira amapezeka m'madzi. Kambuku imapha nyama chifukwa cha mafuta. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri ofufuza ku Arctic adachitapo kanthu poyambukira nyalugwe la ma penguin.
Ma penguin ndi achikulire kwambiri ndipo amatha kusinthika m'madzi ndipo ali ndi zabwino zambiri pazingwe zazikulu zam'nyanja. Chifukwa chake, kusaka penguin wamkulu wachikulire sikungabweretse bwino, zomwe zimasaka nyama yomwe imakonda kusaka nyama ndi ana amphaka onenepa komanso athanzi. Kambuku imayang'ana munthu wovulala m'madzi osaya kapena obisala kumbuyo kwa madzi oundana. Ngati ma penguin amanunkhira mdani, ndiye kuti sathamangira m'madzi. Zikatero, nyalugwe imayenda yekha kumtunda, koma kumtunda kumakhala kovuta komanso kovuta. Agile, osakanika, ali m'madzi okha.
Mbalame, zikubwerera masitepe angapo kuchokera kumadzi, zimakhala, zosatheka kwa iye. Koma m'madzi, mbalame yomwe ikagwera mano a nkhosayo imatha. Nthawi zina nyalugwe wanyanja ikhoza kusewera ndi penguin yovulazidwa, ndikuponyera mumlengalenga, owuma. Pambuyo pake, amang'amba mbalameyo, ndikuchotsa khungu ndi nthenga. Nyamayi imagwiritsa ntchito mano ake ndi kugwedeza mutu wawo mbali zosiyanasiyana mpaka paketiyo isasiyane ndi khungu komanso kuti isamafike pamafuta omwe mukufuna. Chisindikizo sichidya nyama, chimapita ku starfish. Kusaka sikutha pamenepo, nyama yolusa imadzisankhira nyama ina.
Moyo wa nyalugwe wanyanja sunaphunziridwe pang'ono, zambiri pa iwo zimachokera ku kafukufuku wofufuza. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha, amuna amakhala pafupi ndi madzi oundana, amalowera m'malo mwake ndikumayimba nyimbo zawo zokomera, kukulitsa mawuwo, motero amakopa akazi kuti akwatire.
Mimba imatenga miyezi khumi ndi umodzi, ndipo makanda amawonekera m'miyezi yotsiriza ya kasupe kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Kulemera kwa msambo kumafika kilogalamu 30, kutalika - 1.5 metres. Kubala mwana kumachitika pa ayezi wokwera pansi, wamkazi amadyetsa mwana mkaka kwa mwezi umodzi, kenako amaphunzitsa kusambira ndikuphunzitsa kusaka. Ngati achikulire amakonda kusungulumwa, ndiye kuti zingwe zazing'ono zam'madzi zimaphatikizidwa pamagulu. Amakwanitsa zaka zinayi.
Chiwerengero cha akambuku oyenda panyanja ndi 400,000. Ndipo ngakhale, malinga ndi akatswiri, kufalikira sikuwawopseza, nyama za ku Arctic ndizosowa kwambiri. Moyo wawo wonse ndi wolumikizidwa ndi ma ayezi oyenda pansi pa madzi oundana ndi madzi oundana, amapuma pa iwo, ana awo obadwa pamadzi oundana. Kutentha kwadziko lapansi kumabweretsa kusintha kwa moyo wa nyama izi, zopangidwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Momwe kusinthaku kukhudzira zimphona zam'madzi, palibe amene anganene lero.
Kodi chimadya chiyani?
Kambuku yam'madzi imadziwika kuti imadya nyama mwachisawawa, makamaka chifukwa singasunge zisindikizo zina: imagwiritsa ntchito zisindikizo za abale ake - zisindikizo za crabeater, komanso pazisamba zina zomwe zikukhala m'madzi pagombe la Antarctica.
Komabe, zisindikizo zimapanga chakhumi cha chakudya cha kambuku wanyanja. Nthawi zambiri, ma penguin amakhala nyama yake. Kambuku wanyanja akuwayembekeza pakati pa madzi oundana ndikuwukira kuchokera pansi. Atagwira penguin, iye, atagwira mano ake, amawagwedeza kuchokera mbali ina kupita kwinakwake, akumang'amba zidutswa zazikulu za nyama kuchokera mthupi lake ndikuzimeza apo pomwe. Ma penguins amasambira komanso zisindikizo, ndipo amakhala akudzisamala nthawi zonse, motero amatha kuthawa mano owopsa a mdani woopsa uyu. Pazakudya zazinyama zazing'ono, krill amakhala pamalo abwino. Akuluakulu amadyanso mbalame ndi nsomba.
Nyalugwe wanyanja imakhala ikumwetulira nthawi zonse
Mwina mungaganize kuti chinthu chodziwika bwino cha nyalugwe wanyanja ndi khungu lake lokhalo. Komabe, zisindikizo zambiri zimakhala ndi mawanga. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa mtunduwu ndi mutu wake wamtali ndi thupi lopotoza, lofanana ndi eel fluffy. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana pakati 33.7 metres (zazikazi ndizochulukirapo kuposa zazimuna), ndipo zimalemera makilogalamu 350-450. Nyama izi nthawi zonse zimawoneka zakumwetulira chifukwa m'mbali mwa pakamwa mumadzuka. Chui wakunyanja ndi nyama yayikulu, koma yocheperako kuposa zisindikizo za njovu ndi ma walrus.
Nyanja Leopards - Zoyang'anira
Nyalugwe ya kunyanja imatha kudya pafupifupi chilichonse. Monga ena, nthumwi zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mano owongoka ndi mano ataliitali. Komabe, ma molars a nyamayi amayandikana kuti apange gulaye, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi kuti uisefa madzi. Ng'ombe makamaka zimadya krill, koma zitangophunzira kusaka, zimadyanso ma penguin, squid, chipolopolo, nsomba ndi zisindikizo zazing'ono. Izi ndi zisindikizo zokha zomwe zimakonda kusaka nyama yamagazi ofunda. Nthawi zambiri nyama zodyerazi zimadikirira nyama yomwe ili pansi pamadzi kenako ndikuigwirira.
Nyalugwe imodzi yamchere anayesera kudyetsa wojambulayo
Nyalugwe za kunyanja ndizowopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuukira kwa anthu ndikosowa, zizindikiro zaukali, kuzunza, ngakhale kufa zidalembedwa. Amadziwika kuti nyamazo zimatha kutembenuza maboti otentha, zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha anthu.
Komabe, sikuti misonkhano yonse ndi anthu yomwe ikuwopseza. Wojambula wa National Geographic a Paul Nicklen atalowa m'madzi aku Antarctic kuti awone momwe nyama zimakhalira, wamkazi yemwe adamujambula adamupatsa penguins wovulala komanso wakufa. Sizikudziwika ngati nyamayi idayesa kudyetsa wojambulayo, kumuphunzitsa kusaka, kapena anali ndi zolinga zina.
Amatha kusewera ndi chakudya chawo.
Amadziwika kuti nyambo zam'madzi zimasewera "mphaka ndi mbewa" ndi nyama zawo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zisindikizo zazing'ono kapena. Amawafunafuna mpaka atathawa kapena kufa, koma sikuti amadya wovutikayo. Asayansi alibe chitsimikizo pazifukwa izi, koma amakhulupirira kuti zimathandizira kukulitsa luso la kusaka kapena ndi mtundu wa zosangalatsa.
Makungu am'nyanja amayimba pansi pamadzi
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, akambuku amphongo amphongo amayimba mokweza pansi pa madzi kwa maola angapo tsiku lililonse. Mukayimba, nyamayo imakweza kumbuyo kwa thupi, kugwada pakhosi, ndikukweza m'mphuno mwake ndikuyenda mbali ndi mbali. Mwamuna aliyense amakhala ndi kuimba kosiyana, ndipo amatha kusintha ndi zaka. Kuyimba kumayenderana ndi nthawi yobala. Zachikazi zimadziwikanso kuti zimayimba pomwe misempha ya mahomoni imakwera nthawi ya estrus.
Izi ndi nyama zapayekha.
Kupatula ndi akazi omwe ali ndi ana ndi mabanja pa nthawi yakubereka. Nyalugwe za kunyanja nthawi yotentha, nthawi yokhala ndi bere imatenga miyezi 11, kumapeto kwake kubadwa mwana mmodzi. Kudyetsa ana mkaka wa m'mawere kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Akazi amakhala okhwima pazaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Amuna ambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri azaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 7. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 12 mpaka 15.
Mwa zisindikizo zonse, nyalugwe zaunyanja zokha ndi zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti ndi asaka enieni. Malo akuluakulu omwe amasonkhanitsira nyamazi ndi Antarctic ya polar. Apa amatenga gawo la "wadyera", ngati mikango ku Africa. Amayendayenda m'madzi am'mphepete mwa madzi oundana a Antarctic. Nyalugwe zaunyanja zimakhala ndi malo owopsa, ma fanga akuluakulu komanso amatha kuthamangitsa nyama mwachangu.
Nyalugwe wanyanja - (lat. Hydrurga leptonyx) - mtundu wa zisindikizo zenizeni zomwe zimakhala kumadera akum'mwera kwa Nyanja Yam'madzi. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha khungu lamawangamawanga, komanso chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zoyeserera kwambiri. M'modzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu la zisindikizo zenizeni, zokulirapo ndi kulemera, ndiye wachiwiri kwa amuna a chisindikizo cha njovu chakum'mwera. Dzinalo lasayansi litha kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki ndi Chilatini ngati "kulumphira", kapena "kuluka pang'ono, kugwira ntchito m'madzi." Nthawi yomweyo, ndiwotchenjeza weniweni wa ku Antarctic. Ndiye yekha nthumwi ya kum'mwera kwa polar fauna, gawo lalikulu lomwe limakhala nyama zazikulu zamadzi ofunda - ma penguins, flying waterfowl ngakhale abale osindikiza. Chithunzi chokongola cha nyama yogwira ntchito molimbika, yolemba ndi dzina lake la Chilatini, chimadzipatula nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kungodziwa bwino ndikuyang'ana m'maso opanda chidwi ndi wakuphayo. Kuchokera kwa iwo kwenikweni kumawomba kozizira mzimu ndi mphamvu yofunika kudziwa.
Ndipo musalole nkhope yake yaying'ono kuti inyenge
Dziwonetseni ngati penguin. Akuyenda, akuyenda ku Antarctica, choyamba amayang'ana kunyanja asanamize.
. ndipo pali puck wotere pa iye!
kenako nkuthamangitsa.
kumugwira ndi mano ake khumi
kenako - rrraz! . Ndipo ndizo zonse.
Masiku ano, ma penguin ndi chakudya komanso sanadye mayeso osankhidwa mwachilengedwe.
Pazakudya, nyama izi ndizovomerezeka: sizimapereka chilole, nsomba ngakhale nyama yokhazikika.
Kambuku yam'nyanja imakhala ndi thupi lopendekeka kwambiri, lomwe limalola kuti lizitha kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi. Mutu wake wakhazikika ndipo akuwoneka ngati wamtchire. Zotsogola zakutsogolo ndizitali kwambiri ndipo nyalugwe wanyanja imayenda m'madzi mothandizidwa ndi mikwingwirima yawo yolimba yolumikizana. Nyalugwe yamphongo yamphongo imafika kutalika pafupifupi mamita atatu, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kutalika kwake mpaka 4 m. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi 270 kg, ndipo mwa akazi imafika 400 kg. Utoto kumtunda kwa thupi ndi imvi, ndipo pansi ndi koyera. Malo amtoto amawoneka pamutu ndi m'mbali.
Kambuku ya panyanja imapezeka kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa ayezi wa Antarctic.Achinyamata amabwera m'mphepete mwa zilumba zazing'ono zam'madzi ndipo amapezeka chaka chonse. Nthawi zina nyama zosamukira kapena zosochera zimabwera ku Australia, New Zealand ndi Tierra del Fuego.
Pamodzi ndi chinsomba cha wakupha, nyalugwe wanyanja ndiyomwe imatsogolera madera akum'mwera, polumikizana mpaka 40 km / h ndikutsamira mpaka pansi pa 300 m.Makonda kusaka zisindikizo za crabeater, zisindikizo za Weddell, zisindikizo za phula ndi penguin. Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe zam'madzi zimakonda kusaka zidindo m'miyoyo yawo yonse, ngakhale zina zimachita bwino kwambiri ma penguin. Kambuku zam'madzi zimagwera nyama m'madzi ndikupha pamenepo, komabe, ngati nyama zitha kuthana ndi ayezi, ndiye kuti nyalugwe za panyanja zimawatsata kumeneko. Zisindikizo zambiri zokhala ndi zipsera zili ndi zipsera matupi awo chifukwa chomenyedwa ndi nyambo zam'madzi.
Akambuku am'madzi amakhala okha. Ndi achichepere nthawi zina omwe amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pakati pa Novembala ndi February, nyalugwe za kunyanja zimagona m'madzi. Kupatula panthawiyi, amuna ndi akazi alibe ogwirizana. Pakati pa Seputembala mpaka Januware, kamwana kamodzi kamabereka pa ayezi ndipo kamadyetsedwa mkaka wa mayi kwa milungu inayi. Pazaka zitatu mpaka zinayi, akambuku am'madzi atha kutha msinkhu, ndipo nthawi yawo yamoyo imakhala pafupifupi zaka 26.
Nthawi zina nyalugwe zam'madzi zimazunza anthu. Pa Julayi 22, 2003, wasayansi wina waku Britain, Kirsty Brown, adachitidwapo izi atawomba m'madzi. Kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi, nyalugwe wanyanja adagwira mano ake pansi pa 70 m, mpaka atakwanitsa. Uku ndi mpaka pano imfa yokhayo yaumunthu yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi nyalugwe wanyanja, ngakhale amadziwika za kuukiridwa mobwerezabwereza m'mbuyomu.
Sawopa kuukira mabwato kapena kudumphira m'madzi kuti agwire mwendo wa munthu. Zomwe zimachitika ndi izi ndizogwiritsa ntchito malo osakira.
Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi njira zambiri zomwe nyambo zam'madzi zimagwirira ntchito, zowukira nyama zomwe zimakhala pamphepete mwa ayezi kuchokera kumadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, nkovuta kuti kambuku yam'madzi izindikire kapena kusiyanitsa yemwe ndi nyama yomwe ili m'manja mwake.
Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo zankhanza zapanyanja zam'madzi, wojambula wotchuka wa ku Canada komanso wopambana wina wopambana, Paul Nicklen, yemwe adachita kujambula mkondo wawo wama penguin, akuti nyama izi zimatha kuyanjana mwamtendere. Wojambula Paul Nicklen adapita pansi pamadzi kuti atenge imodzi mwa zilombo zoopsa kwambiri za Antarctica. Paul anali ndi mantha - nyalugwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma vertebrates amwazi ofunda (ma penguin, zisindikizo) ndikuzigwetsa zidutswazidutswa - koma akatswiri mmalo mwake anapambana. Anali munthu wamkulu kwambiri. Mzimayiyu adapita kwa wojambulayo, natsegula pakamwa pake ndikugwira dzanja ndi kamera m'mazaya. Pambuyo kanthawi adasiya ndikuyenda panyanja. Ndipo anamubweretsera penguin wamoyo, ndikumumasulira pamaso pa Paulo. Kenako adagwiranso imodzi ndikumupatsa. Popeza wojambulayo sanachite nawo chilichonse (amangotenga zithunzi), nyamayo mwachionekere adaganiza kuti yemwe adayambitsa ziwonetserozo anali wopanda ntchito. Kapena wofooka ndi wodwala. Chifukwa chake, adayamba kumugwira ma penguin otopa. Kenako akufa, omwe sakanathanso kuyenda. Anayamba kuwabweretsa iwo mchipindacho, mwina akukhulupirira kuti Paulo adadyetsa kudzera mwa iye. Munthu wa penguin anakana kudya. Kenako kambukuyo anang'amba chimodzi mwa zidutswa, posonyeza momwe angachitire nawo.
Umu ndi momwe a Gennady Shwarov amafotokozera za kusaka ma penguin: "Ndinaona chakudya chamwazi chamakungwa ochokera kunyanja patadutsa milungu iwiri, mu Januware 1997, pachilumba chomwechi cha Nelson. Tsikulo, ife, ndi akatswiri azachipatala, mabanja awiri omwe adakwatirana - Marco ndi Patricia Favero, ndi Pipo ndi Andrea Caso - tinapita kukayendera madera a ma Antarctic cormorants amaso. Tsikulo lidatentha kwambiri, lowala komanso dzuwa. Tinadutsa gulu lalikulu la anthu okhala ndi ndevu za ma Antarctic ndi ma penguin a papua. Patatha mphindi makumi awiri, maso athu adatseguka malo owoneka bwino, omwe anali ngati madontho awiri amadzi ofanana ndi magombe amwala a Kara-Dag okhala ndi miyala yomwe imakwera m'mphepete mwa madzi. Kufanana kwake kungakhale kwathunthu ngati sikunakhala kwa chipale chofewa komanso ma ayezi okumbutsa kuti si Crimea konse. Mazana a ma penguin adatsikira pagombe lopendekera pakati pa miyala. Onsewa adagona mtunda wamakilomita awiri kuchokera koloni kukafika pagombe lokongola ili. Koma pazifukwa zina mbalamezo zinaima pagombe, osalimbikira kudziponya m'madzi. Pamwamba pa chitunda chotsika kunatsika zingwe zingapo zowonjezereka. Koma kenako pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo kenako ndinawona sewero likusewera pamaso pathu. M'mphepete mwa madzi oundana, monga ma roketi, ma penguin adayamba kudumphira pansi pamadzi. Adawuluka pamtunda wa mamita awiri, atagona pamimba pawo m'chipale chofewa ndipo, mwamantha, adayesetsa "kuyandama" pamtambo wolimba wa matalala kutali ndi gombe. Ndipo kupitirira, pafupi mikono makumi asanu, mu khosi yopapatiza yokhala ndi miyala, kubwezera kumachitika. Kukutira mwamphamvu pamadzi, kukwapulidwa ndi thovu lamwazi, nthenga zikuyandama paliponse - iyi ndi nyalugwe wanyanja yamaliza kulumikizana ndi penguin ina. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyalugwe wanyanja ili ndi njira yodabwitsa kwambiri yowadyera omwe akukhudzidwa nayo. M'mbuyomu, amasenda khungu kuchokera m thupi la penguin, ngati kutchera. Kuti muchite izi, chisindikizo chimangirira mbezozo nsagwada zamphamvu ndikulikanda ndi madzi pansi pamadzi. Kwa ola limodzi, ngati kuti timangotuluka, timayang'ana zozizwitsazi. Amawerengera anayi omwe adadyedwa ndipo penguin imodzi watupa. "
Malinga ndi asayansi, kuchuluka kwa nyalugwe wanyanja kum'mwera kwa nyanja ndi anthu pafupifupi 400,000. Mpaka pano, mtunduwu sunakhale pangozi.
Mu 2005 Australia inatulutsa ndalama yosonyeza nyalugwe ya panyanja yokhala ndi mtengo wamaso wa 1 dollar yaku Australia ndi kulemera kwama gramu 31,635. 999 siliva. Pamaso pandalama pali chithunzi cha Mfumukazi England ya Elizabeth II, kumbuyo kwa ndalama, kumaso kwa mapu a Antarctica ndi malo okhala ndi madzi ndi ayezi, nyalugwe wanyanja wokhala ndi mwana akuwonetsedwa.
Hydrurga leptonyx ) - mtundu wa zisindikizo zenizeni zomwe zimakhala kumadera a kum'mwera kwa Nyanja Yam'madzi. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha khungu lamawangamawanga, komanso chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zoyeserera kwambiri. Kambuku ya mnyanja imadyetsa makamaka ma vertebrate amwazi ofunda, kuphatikiza zisindikizo zina ndi ma penguin.
Kanema: Nyanja Leopard.
Kodi mukudziwa kuti chilombochi ndi chiyani? Musasocheretsedwe ndi nkhope yake yaying'ono yokongola. Pansi pa odulidwa chithunzi pafupifupi sikuti chifukwa cha kukomoka mtima. Koma chochita ndikusankhidwa kwachilengedwe mwachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, amene akufuna kuphunzira zambiri za nyama zam'madzi ndipo samawopa magazi pang'ono, anditsatire pansi pa mphaka.
Ikuwoneka ngati cholengedwa chokongola komanso chitetezo kwa chilengedwe. Huh?
Tayerekezerani kuti ndinu penguin. Amayenda, amayenda motsatira Antarctica, amayang'ana kunyanja asanayambe kulowa pansi.
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Ndipo pali puck wotere pa iye!
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kenako nkuthamangitsa.
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amugwira ndi mano ake khumi
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kenako ndikung'ung'udza. ndi onse .. ngati nyuzipepala ya nyani!
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Pepani penguin, koma choti muchite. Lero iye amangokhala chakudya ndipo sanadye mayeso osankhidwa mwachilengedwe. Ndiye kodi chilombochi ndi chiani?
Sea Leopard (Latin: Hydrurga leptonyx) - mtundu wa zisindikizo zenizeni zomwe zimakhala kumadera a kum'mwera kwa Pacific Ocean. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha khungu lamawangamawanga, komanso chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zoyeserera kwambiri. Kambuku ya mnyanja imadyetsa makamaka ma vertebrates amwazi ofunda, kuphatikiza ma penguin ndi zisindikizo zazing'ono.
Mawonekedwe
Kambuku yam'nyanja imakhala ndi thupi lopendekeka kwambiri, lomwe limalola kuti lizitha kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi. Mutu wake wakhazikika posachedwa ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zokhala ngati zokwawa. Zotsogola zakutsogolo ndizitali kwambiri ndipo nyalugwe wanyanja imayenda m'madzi mothandizidwa ndi mikwingwirima yawo yolimba yolumikizana. Kambuku yamphongo yamphongo imafika kutalika pafupifupi 3 m, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kutalika kwake mpaka 4 m.Uzolemera zazimuna ndi pafupifupi 270 kg, ndipo mwa akazi imafika 400 kg. Utoto kumtunda kwa thupi ndi imvi, ndipo pansi ndi koyera. Malo amtoto amawoneka pamutu ndi m'mbali.
Nyalugwe ya kunyanja imakhala m'madzi aku nyanja ya Antarctic ndipo imapezeka m'mbali mwa madzi oundana a Antarctic. Makamaka, achinyamata amabwera m'mphepete mwa zilumba zapansi ndipo amapezeka chaka chonse. Nthawi zina nyama zosamukira kapena zosokera zimalowa ku Australia, New Zealand ndi Tierra del Fuego.
Pamodzi ndi chinsomba cha wakupha, nyalugwe wanyanja ndiyomwe imatsogolera madera akum'mwera, polumikizana mpaka 40 km / h ndikutsamira mpaka pansi pa 300 m.Makonda kusaka zisindikizo za crabeater, zisindikizo za Weddell, zisindikizo za phula ndi penguin. Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe zam'madzi zimakonda kusaka zidindo m'miyoyo yawo yonse, ngakhale zina zimachita bwino kwambiri ma penguin. Kambuku zam'madzi zimagwera nyama m'madzi ndikupha pamenepo, komabe, ngati nyama zitha kuthana ndi ayezi, ndiye kuti nyalugwe za panyanja zimawatsata kumeneko. Zisindikizo zambiri zokhala ndi zipsera zili ndi zipsera matupi awo chifukwa chomenyedwa ndi nyambo zam'madzi.
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Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kambuku panyanja amadya nawonso nyama zazing'ono, monga krill. Komabe, nsomba imathandizanso pa chakudya chakecho. Amasefa ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono kuchokera kumadzi mothandizidwa ndi mano ake apambuyo, amakumbukira momwe amapangira mano a chisimba chokhala ndi mphindikati, koma osakhala ovuta komanso apadera. Kudzera m'mabowo m'mano, kambuku panyanja imatha kutulutsa madzi mkamwa, kwinaku ikungosefa. Pafupifupi, chakudya chake chimakhala ndi krill kwa 45%, 35% pazisindikizo, 10% ya ma penguin, ndi 10% ya nyama zina (nsomba, cephalopods).
Akambuku am'madzi amakhala okha. Ndi achichepere nthawi zina omwe amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pakati pa Novembala ndi February, nyalugwe za kunyanja zimagona m'madzi. Kupatula panthawiyi, amuna ndi akazi alibe ogwirizana. Pakati pa Seputembala mpaka Januware, kamwana kamodzi kamabereka pa ayezi ndipo kamadyetsedwa mkaka wa mayi kwa milungu inayi. Pazaka zitatu mpaka zinayi, akambuku am'madzi atha kutha msinkhu, ndipo nthawi yawo yamoyo imakhala pafupifupi zaka 26.
Chosavuta
Nthawi zina nyalugwe zam'madzi zimazunza anthu. Pa Julayi 22, 2003, wasayansi wina waku Britain, Kirsty Brown, adachitidwapo izi atawomba m'madzi. Kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi, nyalugwe wanyanja adagwira mano ake pansi pa 70 m, mpaka atakwanitsa. Uku ndi mpaka pano imfa yokhayo yaumunthu yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi nyalugwe wanyanja, ngakhale amadziwika za kubwerezabwereza kumbuyoku. Sawopa kuukira mabwato kapena kudumphira m'madzi kuti agwire mwendo wa munthu. Zomwe zimachitika ndi izi ndizogwiritsa ntchito malo osakira. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi njira zambiri zomwe nyambo zam'madzi zimagwirira ntchito, zowukira nyama zomwe zimakhala pamphepete mwa ayezi kuchokera kumadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, nkovuta kuti kambuku yam'madzi izindikire kapena kusiyanitsa yemwe ndi nyama yomwe ili m'manja mwake. Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo zankhanza zapanyanja zam'madzi, wojambula wotchuka wa ku Canada komanso wopambana wina wopambana, Paul Nicklen, yemwe adachita kujambula mkondo wawo wama penguin, akuti nyama izi zimatha kuyanjana mwamtendere. Malinga ndi iye, nyalugwe wanyanja mobwerezabwereza idamubweretsera nyama yake ndikuwonetsa chidwi kuposa kukwiya.
Chosavuta
Nyalugwe wanyanja - m'modzi wa oyimira banja lalikulu la zisindikizo zenizeni, kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwachiwiri kwa amuna a chisindikizo cha njovu chakum'mwera. Dzinalo lasayansi litha kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki ndi Chilatini ngati "kulumphira", kapena "kuluka pang'ono, kugwira ntchito m'madzi." Nthawi yomweyo, "ana aang'onowo" ndiwotchera wa Antarctic weniweni. Ndiye yekha nthumwi ya kum'mwera kwa polar fauna, gawo lalikulu lomwe limakhala nyama zazikulu zamadzi ofunda - ma penguins, flying waterfowl ngakhale abale osindikiza. Chithunzi chokongola cha nyama yolimbikira, yotsogozedwa ndi dzina lachi Chilatini, chimasamba nthawi yomweyo mukakumana naye maso ndi maso ndikuyang'ana m'maso osasaka a wakupha. Kuchokera kwa iwo kwenikweni kumawomba kozizira mzimu ndi mphamvu yofunika kudziwa.
Umu ndi momwe a gennady Shwarov amafotokozera kusaka nyama kwam'mimbamo: “Ndinayenera kuwona chakudya chamwazi chamkaka cham'nyanja kuchokera pagombe patatha milungu iwiri, mu Januware 1997, pachilumba chomwecho cha Nelson. Tsikulo, ife, ndi akatswiri azachipatala, mabanja awiri omwe adakwatirana - Marco ndi Patricia Favero, ndi Pipo ndi Andrea Caso - tinapita kukayendera madera a ma Antarctic cormorants amaso. Tsikulo lidatentha kwambiri, lowala komanso dzuwa. Tinadutsa gulu lalikulu la anthu okhala ndi ndevu za ma Antarctic ndi ma penguin a papua. Patatha mphindi makumi awiri, maso athu adatseguka malo owoneka bwino, omwe anali ngati madontho awiri amadzi ofanana ndi miyala yamchere ya Kara-Dag yomwe ili ndi miyala yomwe ikukwera m'mphepete mwa madzi. Kufanana kwake kungakhale kwathunthu ngati sikunakhala kwa chipale chofewa komanso ma ayezi okumbutsa kuti si Crimea konse. Mazana a ma penguin adatsikira pagombe lopendekera pakati pa miyala. Onsewa adagona mtunda wamakilomita awiri kuchokera koloni kukafika pagombe lokongola ili. Koma pazifukwa zina mbalamezo zinaima pagombe, osalimbikira kudziponya m'madzi. Pamwamba pa chitunda chotsika kunatsika zingwe zingapo zowonjezereka. Koma kenako pang'onopang'ono.
Ndipo kenako ndinawona sewero likusewera pamaso pathu. M'mphepete mwa madzi oundana, monga ma roketi, ma penguin adayamba kudumphira pansi pamadzi. Adawuluka pamtunda wa mamita awiri, atagona pamimba pawo ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo mwamantha adayesa "kuyandama" pamtambo wolimba wa matalala kutali ndi gombe. Ndipo kupitirira, pafupi mikono makumi asanu, mu khosi yopapatiza yokhala ndi miyala, kubwezera kumachitika. Kugona mwamphamvu pamadzi, kukwapulidwa ndi thovu lamwazi, nthenga zikuyandama paliponse - iyi ndi nyalugwe wanyanja yamalizidwa kunyamula penguin ina. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyalugwe wanyanja ili ndi njira yodabwitsa kwambiri yowadyera omwe akukhudzidwa nayo. M'mbuyomu, amasenda khungu kuchokera m thupi la penguin, ngati kutchera. Kuti muchite izi, chisindikizo chimangirira mbezozo nsagwada zamphamvu ndikulikanda ndi madzi pansi pamadzi.
Kwa ola limodzi, ngati kuti timangotuluka, timayang'ana zozizwitsazi. Amawerengera anayi omwe adadyedwa ndipo penguin mmodzi woterera. »
Mwa njira, Australia adatulutsa ndalama yomwe ikuwonetsa nyalugwe wanyanja wokhala ndi mtengo wamaso wa 1 dollar yaku Australia ndi kulemera konse 31.635 g. 999 siliva. Pamaso pandalama pali chithunzi cha Mfumukazi England ya Elizabeth II, kumbuyo kwa ndalama, kumaso kwa mapu a Antarctica ndi malo okhala ndi madzi ndi ayezi, nyalugwe wanyanja wokhala ndi mwana akuwonetsedwa.
Mwa njira, zithunzi zochititsa chidwizi ndi za ndani? Ndipo apa ndi wojambula wankhondo.
Wojambula Paul Nicklen adapita pansi pamadzi kuti atenge china mwa nyama zoopsa kwambiri za ku Antarctic, kambuku panyanja. Paul anali ndi mantha - nyalugwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma vertebrates amwazi ofunda (ma penguin, zisindikizo) ndikuzigwetsa zidutswazidutswa - koma akatswiri mmalo mwake anapambana. Anali munthu wamkulu kwambiri. Mzimayiyu adapita kwa wojambulayo, natsegula pakamwa pake ndikuwombera dzanja ndi kamera m'nsagwada. Pambuyo kanthawi adasiya ndikuyenda panyanja.
Ndipo anamubweretsera penguin wamoyo, ndikumumasulira pamaso pa Paulo. Kenako adagwiranso imodzi ndikumupatsa. Popeza wojambulayo sanachite nawo chilichonse (amangotenga zithunzi), nyamayo mwachionekere adaganiza kuti yemwe adayambitsa ziwonetserozo anali wopanda ntchito. Kapena wofooka ndi wodwala. Chifukwa chake, adayamba kumugwira ma penguin otopa. Kenako akufa, omwe sakanathanso kuyenda. Anayamba kuwabweretsa iwo mchipindacho, mwina akukhulupirira kuti Paulo adadyetsa kudzera mwa iye. Munthu wa penguin anakana kudya. Kenako kambukuyo anang'amba chimodzi mwa zidutswa, posonyeza momwe angachitire nawo.
Pofunsidwa, Paul akuvomereza kuti misozi idayamba kulira. Koma sakanatha kuchita kalikonse, popeza lamulo limaletsa kuyanjana ndi nyama za Antarctic. Mutha kungoyang'ana. Zotsatira zake ndi zithunzi zapadera za National Geographic.
Umu ndi momwe iye mwini amalankhulira ..
Pambuyo pa chisindikizo cha crabeater ndi chidindo cha Weddell, nyalugwe wanyanja ndi chisindikizo chofala kwambiri cha Antarctic. Malinga ndi asayansi, kuchuluka kwawo kum'mwera kwa nyanja kuli anthu pafupifupi 400,000. Mpaka pano, mtunduwu sunakhale pangozi
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Chosavuta
Chosavuta
Mwa zisindikizo zonse, nyalugwe zaunyanja zokha ndi zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti ndi asaka enieni. Malo akuluakulu omwe amasonkhanitsira nyamazi ndi Antarctic ya polar. Apa amatenga gawo la "wadyera", ngati mikango ku Africa. Amayendayenda m'madzi am'mphepete mwa madzi oundana a Antarctic. Nyalugwe zaunyanja zimakhala ndi malo owopsa, ma fanga akuluakulu komanso amatha kuthamangitsa nyama mwachangu.
Nyalugwe wanyanja - (lat. Hydrurga leptonyx) - mtundu wa zisindikizo zenizeni zomwe zimakhala kumadera akum'mwera kwa Nyanja Yam'madzi. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha khungu lamawangamawanga, komanso chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zoyeserera kwambiri. M'modzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu la zisindikizo zenizeni, zokulirapo ndi kulemera, ndiye wachiwiri kwa amuna a chisindikizo cha njovu chakum'mwera. Dzinalo lasayansi litha kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki ndi Chilatini ngati "kulumphira", kapena "kuluka pang'ono, kugwira ntchito m'madzi." Nthawi yomweyo, ndiwotchenjeza weniweni wa ku Antarctic. Ndiye yekha nthumwi ya kum'mwera kwa polar fauna, gawo lalikulu lomwe limakhala nyama zazikulu zamadzi ofunda - ma penguins, flying waterfowl ngakhale abale osindikiza. Chithunzi chokongola cha nyama yogwira ntchito molimbika, yolemba ndi dzina lake la Chilatini, chimadzipatula nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kungodziwa bwino ndikuyang'ana m'maso opanda chidwi ndi wakuphayo. Kuchokera kwa iwo kwenikweni kumawomba kozizira mzimu ndi mphamvu yofunika kudziwa.
Ndipo musalole nkhope yake yaying'ono kuti inyenge
Dziwonetseni ngati penguin. Akuyenda, akuyenda ku Antarctica, choyamba amayang'ana kunyanja asanamize.
. ndipo pali puck wotere pa iye!
kenako nkuthamangitsa.
kumugwira ndi mano ake khumi
kenako - rrraz! . Ndipo ndizo zonse.
Masiku ano, ma penguin ndi chakudya komanso sanadye mayeso osankhidwa mwachilengedwe.
Pazakudya, nyama izi ndizovomerezeka: sizimapereka chilole, nsomba ngakhale nyama yokhazikika.
Kambuku yam'nyanja imakhala ndi thupi lopendekeka kwambiri, lomwe limalola kuti lizitha kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi. Mutu wake wakhazikika ndipo akuwoneka ngati wamtchire. Zotsogola zakutsogolo ndizitali kwambiri ndipo nyalugwe wanyanja imayenda m'madzi mothandizidwa ndi mikwingwirima yawo yolimba yolumikizana. Nyalugwe yamphongo yamphongo imafika kutalika pafupifupi mamita atatu, zazikazi ndizokulirapo kutalika kwake mpaka 4 m. Kulemera kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi 270 kg, ndipo mwa akazi imafika 400 kg. Utoto kumtunda kwa thupi ndi imvi, ndipo pansi ndi koyera. Malo amtoto amawoneka pamutu ndi m'mbali.
Kambuku ya panyanja imapezeka kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa ayezi wa Antarctic. Achinyamata amabwera m'mphepete mwa zilumba zazing'ono zam'madzi ndipo amapezeka chaka chonse. Nthawi zina nyama zosamukira kapena zosochera zimabwera ku Australia, New Zealand ndi Tierra del Fuego.
Pamodzi ndi chinsomba cha wakupha, nyalugwe wanyanja ndiyomwe imatsogolera madera akum'mwera, polumikizana mpaka 40 km / h ndikutsamira mpaka pansi pa 300 m.Makonda kusaka zisindikizo za crabeater, zisindikizo za Weddell, zisindikizo za phula ndi penguin. Nthawi zambiri nyalugwe zam'madzi zimakonda kusaka zidindo m'miyoyo yawo yonse, ngakhale zina zimachita bwino kwambiri ma penguin. Kambuku zam'madzi zimagwera nyama m'madzi ndikupha pamenepo, komabe, ngati nyama zitha kuthana ndi ayezi, ndiye kuti nyalugwe za panyanja zimawatsata kumeneko. Zisindikizo zambiri zokhala ndi zipsera zili ndi zipsera matupi awo chifukwa chomenyedwa ndi nyambo zam'madzi.
Akambuku am'madzi amakhala okha. Ndi achichepere nthawi zina omwe amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Pakati pa Novembala ndi February, nyalugwe za kunyanja zimagona m'madzi. Kupatula panthawiyi, amuna ndi akazi alibe ogwirizana. Pakati pa Seputembala mpaka Januware, kamwana kamodzi kamabereka pa ayezi ndipo kamadyetsedwa mkaka wa mayi kwa milungu inayi. Pazaka zitatu mpaka zinayi, akambuku am'madzi atha kutha msinkhu, ndipo nthawi yawo yamoyo imakhala pafupifupi zaka 26.
Nthawi zina nyalugwe zam'madzi zimazunza anthu. Pa Julayi 22, 2003, wasayansi wina waku Britain, Kirsty Brown, adachitidwapo izi atawomba m'madzi. Kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi, nyalugwe wanyanja adagwira mano ake pansi pa 70 m, mpaka atakwanitsa. Uku ndi mpaka pano imfa yokhayo yaumunthu yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi nyalugwe wanyanja, ngakhale amadziwika za kubwerezabwereza kumbuyoku.
Sawopa kuukira mabwato kapena kudumphira m'madzi kuti agwire mwendo wa munthu. Zomwe zimachitika ndi izi ndizogwiritsa ntchito malo osakira.
Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi njira zambiri zomwe nyambo zam'madzi zimagwirira ntchito, zowukira nyama zomwe zimakhala pamphepete mwa ayezi kuchokera kumadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, nkovuta kuti kambuku yam'madzi izindikire kapena kusiyanitsa yemwe ndi nyama yomwe ili m'manja mwake.
Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo zankhanza zapanyanja zam'madzi, wojambula wotchuka wa ku Canada komanso wopambana wina wopambana, Paul Nicklen, yemwe adachita kujambula mkondo wawo wama penguin, akuti nyama izi zimatha kuyanjana mwamtendere. Wojambula Paul Nicklen adapita pansi pamadzi kuti atenge imodzi mwa zilombo zoopsa kwambiri za Antarctica. Paul anali ndi mantha - nyalugwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma vertebrates amwazi ofunda (ma penguin, zisindikizo) ndikuzigwetsa zidutswazidutswa - koma akatswiri mmalo mwake anapambana. Anali munthu wamkulu kwambiri. Mzimayiyu adapita kwa wojambulayo, natsegula pakamwa pake ndikuwombera dzanja ndi kamera m'nsagwada. Pambuyo kanthawi adasiya ndikuyenda panyanja. Ndipo anamubweretsera penguin wamoyo, ndikumumasulira pamaso pa Paulo. Kenako adagwiranso imodzi ndikumupatsa. Popeza wojambulayo sanachite nawo chilichonse (amangotenga zithunzi), nyamayo mwachionekere adaganiza kuti yemwe adayambitsa ziwonetserozo anali wopanda ntchito. Kapena wofooka ndi wodwala. Chifukwa chake, adayamba kumugwira ma penguin otopa. Kenako akufa, omwe sakanathanso kuyenda. Anayamba kuwabweretsa iwo mchipindacho, mwina akukhulupirira kuti Paulo adadyetsa kudzera mwa iye. Munthu wa penguin anakana kudya. Kenako kambukuyo anang'amba chimodzi mwa zidutswa, posonyeza momwe angachitire nawo.
Umu ndi momwe a Gennady Shwarov amafotokozera za kusaka ma penguin: "Ndinaona chakudya chamwazi chamakungwa ochokera kunyanja patadutsa milungu iwiri, mu Januware 1997, pachilumba chomwechi cha Nelson. Tsikulo, ife, ndi akatswiri azachipatala, mabanja awiri omwe adakwatirana - Marco ndi Patricia Favero, ndi Pipo ndi Andrea Caso - tinapita kukayendera madera a ma Antarctic cormorants amaso. Tsikulo lidatentha kwambiri, lowala komanso dzuwa. Tinadutsa gulu lalikulu la anthu okhala ndi ndevu za ma Antarctic ndi ma penguin a papua. Patatha mphindi makumi awiri, maso athu adatseguka malo owoneka bwino, omwe anali ngati madontho awiri amadzi ofanana ndi miyala yamchere ya Kara-Dag yomwe ili ndi miyala yomwe ikukwera m'mphepete mwa madzi. Kufanana kwake kungakhale kwathunthu ngati sikunakhala kwa chipale chofewa komanso ma ayezi okumbutsa kuti si Crimea konse. Mazana a ma penguin adatsikira pagombe lopendekera pakati pa miyala. Onsewa adagona mtunda wamakilomita awiri kuchokera koloni kukafika pagombe lokongola ili. Koma pazifukwa zina mbalamezo zinaima pagombe, osalimbikira kudziponya m'madzi. Pamwamba pa chitunda chotsika kunatsika zingwe zingapo zowonjezereka. Koma kenako pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo kenako ndinawona sewero likusewera pamaso pathu. M'mphepete mwa madzi oundana, monga ma roketi, ma penguin adayamba kudumphira pansi pamadzi. Adawuluka pamtunda wa mamita awiri, atagona pamimba pawo m'chipale chofewa ndipo, mwamantha, adayesetsa "kuyandama" pamtambo wolimba wa matalala kutali ndi gombe. Ndipo kupitirira, pafupi mikono makumi asanu, mu khosi yopapatiza yokhala ndi miyala, kubwezera kumachitika. Kugona mwamphamvu pamadzi, kukwapulidwa ndi thovu lamwazi, nthenga zikuyandama paliponse - iyi ndi nyalugwe wanyanja yamalizidwa kunyamula penguin ina. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyalugwe wanyanja ili ndi njira yodabwitsa kwambiri yowadyera omwe akukhudzidwa nayo. M'mbuyomu, amasenda khungu kuchokera m thupi la penguin, ngati kutchera. Kuti muchite izi, chisindikizo chimangirira mbezozo nsagwada zamphamvu ndikulikanda ndi madzi pansi pamadzi. Kwa ola limodzi, ngati kuti timangotuluka, timayang'ana zozizwitsazi. Amawerengera anayi omwe adadyedwa ndipo penguin imodzi watupa. "
Malinga ndi asayansi, kuchuluka kwa nyalugwe wanyanja kum'mwera kwa nyanja ndi anthu pafupifupi 400,000. Mpaka pano, mtunduwu sunakhale pangozi.
Mu 2005 Australia inatulutsa ndalama yosonyeza nyalugwe ya panyanja yokhala ndi mtengo wamaso wa 1 dollar yaku Australia ndi kulemera kwama gramu 31,635. 999 siliva. Pamaso pandalama pali chithunzi cha Mfumukazi England ya Elizabeth II, kumbuyo kwa ndalama, kumaso kwa mapu a Antarctica ndi malo okhala ndi madzi ndi ayezi, nyalugwe wanyanja wokhala ndi mwana akuwonetsedwa.
Hydrurga leptonyx ) - mtundu wa zisindikizo zenizeni zomwe zimakhala kumadera a kum'mwera kwa Nyanja Yam'madzi. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha khungu lamawangamawanga, komanso chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zoyeserera kwambiri. Kambuku ya mnyanja imadyetsa makamaka ma vertebrate amwazi ofunda, kuphatikiza zisindikizo zina ndi ma penguin.
Wotchulidwa ku Leopard ya Nyanja
Mukamva mawu oti "nyalugwe", yesani kuyiwala za mphaka wamkulu woopsa wokhala ndi khungu lawona. Tangoganizirani za mdani wina woopsa - m'modzi mwa anthu oyipa kwambiri komanso oopsa okhala m'madzi ku Antarctica. Zowona, samawoneka ngati wake wamanyazi kuchokera kwa amphaka amphaka, komabe, kungomutchula kokha kumapangitsa kuti ogwira nawo ntchito pazofufuzira ayang'ane pozungulira. Kumanani ndi Nyanja Leopard (lat. Hydrurga leptonyx ).
Izi ndikuyimira banja lenileni la osindikiza, omwe amakhala m'malo ocheperako kum'mwera kwa Pacific. Adalandira dzina ili chifukwa cha khungu lake lowoneka bwino komanso amadyera: amadya nyambo zam'nyanja ndi ma penguin ndi zisindikizo, akuziyembekezera m'mphepete mwa kuyendetsa ayezi.
Kutalika kwa nyalugwe wamphongo wamwamuna ndi pafupifupi mamitala atatu ndipo kulemera mpaka 300 kg. Akazi ndi amodzi mita kutalika ndi 100 kg. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ndi unyinji wotere, nyama zodyerazi zilibe mafuta ochulukirapo. M'malo mwake, thupi lake limakhala lokongola kwambiri komanso limasinthasintha, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kuthamanga madzi othamanga mpaka 40 km / h. Zipsepse zakumaso zimamuthandizanso pamenepa, mothandizidwa ndi chomwe chisindikizo chimapanga mikwingwirima yakuthwa yolumikizana.
Thupi lakumtunda la nyanjayo ndi imvi yakuda ndi mawonekedwe amaso pamutu pake ndi mbali zake. Mimba ndi yoyera. Mutu umakutidwa kuchokera kumbali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mdaniyo azioneka ngati chokwawa. Mano ake ali ofanana ndendende ndi mano, ngakhale samapangidwa bwino kuti azitulutsa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pafupifupi 45% yazakudya za nyalugwe wakunyanja ndizabwino kwenikweni, pomwe zisindikizo ndi ma penguin zimakhala 35% ndi 10%, motero. 10% yotsalayi ndi nsomba ndi cephalopods, zomwe nyama yomwe imadya imangodya zokha. Makungu oseketsa, akambuku am'madzi nawonso ali ndi zomwe amakonda. Chifukwa chake, ena a iwo amakonda zisindikizo, pomwe ena sangathe kukhala mwachindunji popanda ma penguin.
Amagwira nyama yawo m'madzi, ngakhale nthawi zina amatha kuukira kumtunda. Zidyerazi zili ndi chidwi: Zimadyera chamoyo chilichonse chomwe chimapezeka m'mphepete mwa madzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu nthawi zina amavutika ndi kuukiridwa kwawo.
Zowona, mlandu umodzi wokha womwe umadziwika lero - wofufuza wazaka 28 waku Britain, Christy Brown, adagwidwa ndi nyalugwe, pomwe nyamayo idakokedwa ndikuya kwamamita 70 ndikuyigwira pamenepo mpaka chinthu chosauka chija. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pakubwera kwa nyalugwe za mnyanja, mitundu yonse ya ma scuba ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti iwuke pamwamba.
Koma wojambula wa ku Canada Paul Nicklen akuti nyamazo ndizopanda vuto lililonse. Mulimonsemo, akugwira ntchito ku Antarctic, adakumana ndi zolengedwa zamtendere. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse amayesetsa kumudyetsa, ndikumubweretsera nyama yonyamula ma penguin kapena chidindo. Mwinanso, mawonekedwe a wojambulawo adawachititsa kumva chisoni - chabwino, nchiyani chomwe chingapangitse cholengedwa chosalimba ndi choperewera monga munthu?
Kambuku zam'madzi zimakhala zokha, achinyamata okha ndi omwe amatha kujowina m'magulu. Kukwatirana kumachitika mu Novembala-Okutobala, ndipo ana amabadwa mu Seputembara-Disembala. Nthawi zambiri, mwachindunji pa ayezi, wamkazi amabereka mwana wamwamuna m'modzi yekha, yemwe amadyetsa mkaka osaposa mwezi umodzi.
Kutalika kwa moyo kwa nyalugwe zapafupifupi zaka 26, ndipo kutha msinkhu kumachitika mwa iwo zaka 3-4.