Mlomo wautali wokhotakhota wa Curlew ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chosakira nkhono, nkhono ndi mphutsi mumchenga wamchere ndi silt. Kukula kwakukulu pakasaka sikufuna maaso, popeza imapeza nyama mothandizidwa ndi nsonga ya mdomo. M'malo nthawi yachisanu ma curlews amasambira m'madzi osaya, akugwira mwachangu ndi shrimp kuchokera m'madzi. Mbalame zimayang'ana algae zoponyedwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zimatulutsa nkhanu m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chingwe chokhala ndi mulomo wautali chimagwira nyama ndipo kenako chikugwedeza mutu, ndikusunthira kummero. M'malo okhala ndi zisa mkati mwa kontrakitala, ma curlews akuluakulu amadya tizilombo ndi mphutsi zake, nyongolotsi, mapira, ndi achule ang'ono. M'chilimwe, mbalame zimatolera kafadala paminda ndi msipu.

PAMENE AMAKHALA

Zaka 60 zapitazo, Curlew ankadziwika kuti anali munthu wokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso madambo. Komabe, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika panthawiyi: malo okhala zachilengedwe zamtunduwu adachepetsedwa kwambiri kotero kuti mbalame zinayamba kukhala m'malo ena - m'madambo ndi msipu. Koma kuthekera kwa mitundu iyi kuzolowera nyengo yatsopano sikumakhala wopanda malire, makamaka chifukwa ntchito zachuma za munthu wolumikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopanga komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo zimathamangitsa mbalamezi m'malo awa. Mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi nthawi yachilimwe amakhala mkati mwa kontinentiyo, ndipo kugwa amawulukira kumadera achisanu nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale kuti panali chakudya chokwanira kuchokera pagombe la Central Europe panthawiyi, ma curlews akuluakulu amawombera kugombe lakumwera ndikupita ku North Africa.

Kufalitsa

Curlew nthawi zambiri imakhala m'malo a marshland, m'madambo ndi m'malo odyetserako ziweto, nthawi zina m'malo opezeka nkhalango. Wamphongo amasankha malo a chisa: amakhala m'gawolo, monga momwe akuwonera ndi ndege yowuluka, yomwe imatsatana ndi kulira kwake kwakukulu. Yaikazi, yomwe idawoneka pafupi, imakopa ndi kuvina kwachilendo.

Mtsikanayo atatsikira pansi, abambowo amamuzungulira, namfalikira pamaso pake mpaka atakwatirana. Curlew chisa ndi dzenje laling'ono lomwe limazunguliridwa ndi udzu ndi mbewu zina. Yaikaziyo, ndikudula kwa masiku 1-3, imayikira mazira anayi muchakudya chomwe mbalame zonsezo zimadzimbira.

Ma curlews amakhala mosamala kwambiri nthawi yakukonzekera. Atangotsala pang'ono kukwatirana, banja lonse limasamukira kumalo otetezedwa kwambiri. Ma Curlews amateteza anapiyewo kwa adani.

TURNSTER OBSERVATIONS

Mitengo yambiri yamapulogalamu oimapo amaigwira bwino kwambiri posachedwa ndi masamba ozungulira. Curlew ndiwosamala kwambiri, Ndipo pozindikira munthu, nthawi yomweyo amawuluka, ndikuyankhula mawu oseketsa a "Ku-i". Nthawi zambiri, mawu okha ndi omwe amatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa mbalame - mawonekedwe ake amatikumbutsa nyimbo zoyimba. Nyimbo zikuluzikulu za nyimbo yamphongo nthawi zina zimafanana ndi kulira kwa mbawala. Curlew amasiyana ndi mbalame zina mawonekedwe a mdomo.

DZIWANI IZI:

• Mukasamukira, ma curlews amaphatikizidwa m'magulu akulu. Amapanga ndege usiku, ndiye mumdima mumangomva kulira kwawo.
• Mtundu wa moyo wa mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimadalira ma ebbs ndikuyenda, zomwe zimabwerezedwa nthawi ndi nthawi, osati pakusintha kwa tsiku kapena usiku. Pamafunde ataliatali, mbalame zimapuma, ndipo mafunde ataliatali amayang'ana chakudya.
• Mlomo wa mkazi wopondapondapo ndi wamtali masentimita 5 kuposa mulomo wamphongo, kuti abwenzi azitha kudyera limodzi pagombe limodzi, osapikisana nawo, chifukwa amafunafuna zakudya kuzama zosiyanasiyana.

ZITSANZO ZA KUSOWA KWAMBIRI

Ndege: yamphongo imalemba gawo lake ndipo imakopa njirayi ndikuuluka.

Mazira: 4 mazira a maolivi obiriwira okwanira masiku 30 makolo onsewa amasinthasintha.

Mapaipi: motley, zofiirira. Kukongoletsa utoto kumathandizira, chifukwa kumatha kuzungulira chomera pakati pamasamba pang'ono komanso masamba.

Mlomo: Mlomo wa mkazi ndi wautali pafupifupi masentimita 5 kuposa mulomo wamphongo. Kutha kwakamwa kwa anthu awiriwa kumatithandiza kufunafuna nyama.

- Malo okhala Curlew

KOYANG'ANIRA KUKHALA

Curlew amakhala ku Europe ndi North Asia. Malo okongola - gawo kuchokera ku Ireland kumadzulo kupita ku Siberia chakum'mawa, Peninsula ya Balkan ndi Nyanja ya Caspian kumwera. Mbalame zimabisala kumadzulo ndi Kumwera kwa Europe, Kumpoto kwa Africa ndi kumwera kwa Asia.

KUTETEZA NDI KUPULUMUTSA

Kukula kwa mafakitale ndi zokopa alendo kumaopseza kuti madambo alipo. Atayika malo awo okhalamo achilengedwe, ma curlews amakakamizidwa kuti aziswana manda.

Kodi amakhala kuti?

Curlew imapezeka pakati komanso kum'mwera kwa Europe Russia. Njira zapadera zotetezera zimafunidwa ndi anthu omwe amakhala m'magawo a Bryansk, Leningrad, Smolensk, Tver, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, komanso ku Chuvashia, Mari El, Udmurtia. Koma ngakhale kuti ma curlew ambiri amakhala kuno, m'malo awa akhoza kukumana kawirikawiri. Madambo otsetsereka ndi kusefukira kwamadzi, malo abata mitsinje ndi mitsinje, malo odyetserako, malo osambira mitsinje ndi malo ochulukirapo - m'malo ngati amenewa akuyembekezerabe kuwona.

Zizindikiro zakunja

Ma curlews ndi mbalame zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati zomwe zimafikira 60 cm ndipo zimatha kulemera kuchokera pa 600 g mpaka 1 kg. Adakhala ndi dzina lawo lenileni - "lalikulu" - osati chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, koma chifukwa panali wina wofananiza naye. Kupatula apo, ma curlews ang'ono ndi apakati amakhala ku Russia, kukula kwake ndi kocheperako.

Mlomo wautali wopindika umapindika

Mbali yakunja kwa mbalame ndi mulomo wautali wopindika pansi. Zachikazi ndi chachimuna ndizosiyana kwina konse, pokhapokha ngati mkaziyo akuwoneka wokulirapo. Mtundu wamba wa mankhwalawa ndi brownish-imvi wokhala ndi mitundu yaying'ono yamoto wakuda. Mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana kwambiri ndi achikulire, ndimawonekedwe ofiira okha omwe amakhala ndi mitundu. Curlews nyengo yachisanu ku Mediterranean, m'maiko ena a Western Europe.

Moyo & Kuberekanso

Kupangidwe kwa okwatirana ku Curlews kumayambitsidwa ndimasewera omwe amatha, omwe, monga ma Charadriiformes ena, amayamba kuthawa. Amuna amakwera m'mwamba, natembenuka, amagwa ndi mwala, kenako ndikuyambanso mwachangu kumwamba. Amatha kupachika mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikupanga mawu ofanana ndi kulira kwa nkhumba - m'mawu, amangochita zinthu zosaganizira. Ma curlews ndi mbalame zoopsa. Amakhala ndi chidutswa chimodzi pachaka, ndipo ngati afa, sichimayambiranso. Ma curlews amayamba kubereka ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri, amakonda kukhala kutali ndi mbalame zina. Nthawi zina, komabe, amakhala m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a awiriawiri m'malo ochepa.

Ma curlews awiri amapanga chisa pansi, mopsinjika pang'ono, ndikuzungulira nyumba ndi udzu. Selo yokhala ndi mazira atatu kapena anayi ndi yamphongo yodzikatirana ndi mkazi mosinthana ndi masiku 32- 38. Tsoka ilo, anapiye ambiri amafa ndi adani. Nthawi ina ataberekera ana, banja limasamukira kumalo otetezeka kwambiri.

Nthawi yakuswana, ma curlews amadya ma invertebrates komanso ma buluzi ang'ono: achule, abuluzi, mbalame zotere.

M'nyengo yozizira komanso nthawi yosamukira, samakana chakudya chomera - mphukira zazing'ono ndi mbewu. Ma curlews amauluka mwangwiro, amasambira bwino, ndipo amayenda modekha komanso mopanda phokoso pansi, nthawi zina amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo amodzi. Amakonda kupumula pafupi ndi madzi, ataimirira mwendo umodzi ndikuyang'ana mtunda - kodi chidwi chomwe angafune chitha?

Mu Buku Lofiira la Russia

Curlew ndi mbalame yosowa kwambiri, ngakhale akatswiri nthawi zambiri samatha kuzikumana, osatchulanso owonera mwangozi. Mtunduwu, monga ena ambiri, malo opanda zachilengedwe, momwe malo achilengedwe amasungidwe, ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndipo malo amenewa, mwatsoka, akucheperachepera.

Chochititsa chidwi

Kulira kokhotakhota kumawoneka kokhumudwitsa kwambiri ndikufanana ndi mawu a "utsi, utsi, utsi." Mwina zinali kuchokera pamawu awa pomwe dzina lachiingerezi la Curlew limachokera - Curlew. Zowona, kulira koteroko nthawi zambiri kumatsitsidwa ndi amuna, osati akazi. Monga mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalame, nyimbo yokhotakhota ndi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito polemba malire a malo.

Curlew ndi chizindikiro cha malo okhala Rdeisky, omwe ali mdera la Nizhny Novgorod. Mbalame ya 2011 ku Belarus yalengeza kuti Curlew.

Gulu

Ufumu: nyama (Animalia).
Mtundu: chordates (Chordata).
Giredi: mbalame (Aves).
Gulu: Charadriiformes.
Banja: snipe (Scolopacidae).
Jenda: Curlew (Numenius).
Onani: Curlew lalikulu (Numenius arquata).