Elodea (Elodea) - chomera cham'madzi chamtundu wamadzi ndi chofiyira. Uwu ndiye nthumwi yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi pano padziko lapansi. Mtengowo ndi wobiquitous (m'madziwe, m'madzi ndi pamitengo), umadziwika kuti elodea prudovik.

Elodea ndi mlendo pafupipafupi kudziko la aquarium, chomera chodabwitsa cha oyamba am'madzi. Pamodzi ndi chomera monga nyangaElodea ndi chomera chosavuta, chosasinthika pokonza, chimaberekanso msanga, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi chinalandira dzina losasinthika ngati "mliri wamadzi".

Malo omwe mbewuyo idabadwira ndi North America. Kapangidwe ka Elodea: Zimayambira ndi zazitali, nthambi, chingwe, chosalimba, zimakula msanga ndipo zimakutidwa ndi masamba masamba. Zimayambira zimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatalika kuposa mamitala awiri. Masamba ali obiriwira owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino, owala kapena opindika pang'ono, mpaka 1 cm kutalika ndi 0,5 cm mulitali, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, owongoka, omwe adapangidwa muzidutswa zazikuluzikulu, masamba atatu aliwonse. M'mitundu yachifumu ya tsinde, masamba nthawi zonse amakhala opepuka kuposa mitundu. Zimayambira pansi pa malo osungira ndi nthambi zambiri, ndikupereka mphukira zingapo, zomwe zimatsogolera kumapangidwe oyambira. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndikusowa kwa kuwunikira komanso kutentha pang'ono, iko kumira pansi, ndikusunga masamba ophukira. Momwe zimakhalira pansi pamadzi, ndikumakhala malo abwino, mbewu imakula mosiyanasiyana chaka chonse.

Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa elodea mu aquarium ndi canadian elodea . Mtunduwu ndi woyenera kwambiri kumadzi ozizira komanso ozizira otentha. Chimakula bwino pa kutentha 16-16 ° C, kulekerera kutentha kosachedwa mpaka 12 ° C. M'malo otetezeka am'madzi otentha, kutentha kwambiri kuposa 24 ° C, mmera sukula bwino. Kuuma ndi pH zilibe kanthu kwa elodea; imakula m'madzi ofewa komanso ovuta. Komabe, posamutsa chomera kuchokera ku chida china kupita ku china, ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe zidalipo kale nthawi yobzala.

Chomera chikasamutsidwa kuchoka kumadzi ofewa kupita kumadzi olimba, chimafa msanga, nthambi zake zimasungunuka. Kusuntha kuti muchepetse madzi a Elodea sikupweteka. Elodea sakonda zodetsa zamchere m'madzi m'madzi oterowo amawonongeka mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa mchere wokhala ndi matenda wamba a nsomba ichthythyroidism bwino kuchotsa elodea.

Elodea safuna chopereka cha "payekha" CO2; chimodzi, ndi zokwanira, mbewuyo imakula bwino komanso mwachangu. Kuwala Elodea amafunika muyeso, pafupifupi 0.5 Watts / lita, koma imatha kupirira kupindika moyenerera.

Zomwe zimayambira ku Canada elodea zimazika mizu mosavuta ndipo zimakhala ndi mizu yayitali, yoyera.

Amakulanso, amatha kusambira momasuka m'malire a madzi. Panthambi zoponyedwa mu aquarium, mphukira zatsopano zimakhazikika mwachangu, zomwe m'nthawi yochepa zimakhala zodziimira zokha. Zimayambira ndizitali, zimakhala zazitali zing'ono zopindika. Wobiriwira wonyezimira, wokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo, nthambi zamtundu wa elodea zimaphimba pansi ndipo, ndikuwfika kumtunda kwambiri wa aquarium, amapanga network yolumikizana yamadzi m'madzi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti elodea ikhale chokongoletsera padziko lapansi lamadzi. M'chilimwe, elodea amakula mwachangu ndipo amatenga malo ambiri, kotero nthawi ndi nthawi amafunika kuchotsa pang'ono kuchokera ku aquarium. M'madzi osasunthika (popanda kusefedwa komanso kuthamanga kwa madzi), kukula kunachepa kwambiri, chifukwa m'madzi osasunthika, chifukwa cha kupuma komanso kugwirira ntchito, chipolopolo cha mitundu yofooka ya kaboni dayokisi kuzungulira chomera, chomwe chimachepetsa kukula. Pankhaniyi, madzi amayenera kukhala olimba mokwanira kotero kuti pasakhale michere ya kaboni dayokisi kuzungulira chomera.

M'malo okhala ndi madzi amatope Elodea imakhala fyuluta yabwino kwambiri, ikumatulutsa tinthu tosakhazikika tokha, madzi amadziwika bwino. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake mwachangu, imagwirizanitsa malonda. kuzungulira kwa nayitrogeniAmadziunjikira m'madzi am'madzi, zomwe zimathandizanso pakutsuka kwake. Samalekerera nthawi yozizira bwino. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndikusowa kwa kuwunikira komanso kutentha pang'ono, elodea imagwera pansi, kusungira kukula. Mikhalidwe ikasintha, imayambanso kukula mwachangu. Ndikusungabe kutentha kwamadzi kokwanira komanso kuwunikira okwanira, elodea imakongoletsa malo a aquarium chaka chonse.

Chotsani zotsekera mopitirira muyeso kuchokera mu aquarium ndikudula mosamala kwambiri, popeza kuti msuzi wa chomeracho ndi woopsa ndipo, kugwera m'madzi, kungayambitse kufa kwa nsomba zomwe zimakhazikika m'nkhokwe. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a Elodea ali ndi vuto linalake polenga zomera zambiri zokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, asanadulidwe, chomera chimayenera kuchotsedwa pamadzi ndikuchidulira mu chosungira china.

Masamba a Elodea - Malo okhala ku Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina ndi Uruguay. Chomera cha aquarium ichi chili ndi zingwe zazitali komanso zazitali. Mizu yake sinapangidwe bwino. Masamba amasinthasintha, kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 masamba akuluakulu otumbululuka okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu, wobiriwira wowoneka bwino kapena wobiriwira wowoneka bwino, mpaka 5cm kutalika, mpaka 0.6 cm mulifupi. Kukula kwa masamba ndi mtundu wa mbewu zimatengera nyengo ya chomera mu aquarium. Zimamasuka maluwa oyera. Kutalika kwa elodea kumafika 70 cm.

Elodea masamba amatulutsa chilimwe. Maluwa okhala ndi miyala yayikulu itatu yoyera. Pakhomo m'malo ena, chomera chimadziwika ngati chomera, pomwe zina, zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimatha kuoneka pa nthawi yomweyo. Ku Europe, mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa osakhwima zimakula, ndipo zojambula zamaluwa za pistil sizipezeka.

Elodea ndi tsamba lodziwika bwino. Imamva bwino m'madzi ozizira komanso osangalatsa otentha oyenda pansi. Magawo am'madzi pazomwe zili ndi elodea yamasamba: kuuma 8-20 °, pH 6.0-8.0, kutentha 15-26 ° C.

Kuyatsa kwa elodea kuyenera kukhala kowala mokwanira, pokhapokha ngati mbewuyo imatulutsa mpweya wabwino. Mphamvu ya zowunikira imasankhidwa payekha kutengera kutalika kwa mzere wamadzi ndi zinthu zina. Kuwala kwachilengedwe mwachindunji kumathandizanso kwa iye. Mu aquarium, mmera umakula bwino chaka chonse. Chomera chimafalikira ndikudula.

Nthawi zambiri pogulitsa pansi pa dzina la Elodea, mutha kukumana ndi oimira ena a botanical genera: Egeria, lagarosiphon ndi hydril.

Kufotokozera

Mwachilengedwe, elodea amatha kutalika kutalika pafupifupi 3 mita, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amalola kuphukira mbali zosiyanasiyana. Ndikunena pano pomwe dzina loti "mliri wamadzi" lidachokera, popeza mbewu iyi imakula mwachangu ndipo imatha kuchotsa zinyalala zina zonse pamalo ena osungira posachedwa. Chomera ichi chimatha kupezeka ku North America, koma chifukwa cha anthu chitha kuonedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana osungira padziko lapansi.

Elodea ali ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Masamba amakhala amtundu wakuda, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ophulika, ndipo amawongokera kwathunthu. Zimayambira ndimtundu wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira. Amasanjika masamba ovuta. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akaloza ndi m'mphepete, ndipo kukula sikupitirira 1 cm.

M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyi imatha kuphuka. Ndizosiyanasiyana, motero maluwa amatuluka achikazi kapena amuna. Komabe, izi zimangogwira ndi masoka achilengedwe. M'mizinda yam'madzi, ndiwakazi basi. Ziphuphu ndizazungulira.

Mizu ya mbewu iyi ndi yofooka. Imazika pansi chifukwa cha nthambalala. Oyamba oyambira asakuwona kusiyana ndikuwatcha mizu.

Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a elodea mwachindunji zimatengera momwe zidzakhalire. Ndikofunikira kuti iye apereke izi:

Kuwala. Mitundu yonse ya mbewuyi imakonda kuwala. Zachidziwikire, samwalira ndi mthunzi wocheperako, koma kukula kwake kudzatsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti apereke maola ochepa masana 10,

Kutentha. Mtengowu umasinthasintha komanso umasilira. Imatha kupirira kutentha kwamadigiri 16-16. Koma zowonadi, chizindikiro chabwinoko ndibwino,

Kuuma ndi acidity. Zilibe kanthu. Elodea amatha kuzolowera chilichonse. Chachikulu ndikuti madziwo alibe mchere. Kupanda kutero, amatha kufa mwachangu

Dothi. Ndizosafunikanso, chifukwa monga tanena pamwambapa, elodea alibe mizu yoyambira ndipo amadya mosiyanasiyana.

Nsomba. Pali nsomba iliyonse yomwe ikudya, yomwe idachokera ku nyama, izichita. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kubzala nsomba zagolide ndi zina zotero, chifukwa zimatha kudya chomera mwachangu. Inde, ndi zakudya zoyenera, sizingawakhudze, koma si onse oyenda m'madzi omwe amatha kupereka mndandanda wabwino wa nsomba.

Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical

Elodea ndi wosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya algae. Ngati oimira gululi ali ndi maselo opitilira maselo, ndiye kuti ma elodea ali ndi ziwalo zooneka - muzu, tsinde, masamba, maluwa, omwe amatha kusiyanika momveka bwino.

Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira momwe khungu limayendera, popeza kuyenda kwa cytoplasm kumawoneka bwino papepala lomwe lili pansi pa maikulosikopu, yomwe imathandizira kapena kuwonjezeka kutentha ikasintha.

Kunja, mbewuyi ikufanana ndi mpesa wotentha. Ili ndi mizu yoyera yoyera yomwe imathandizira kuti munthu azikafika pansi pa dziwe. Zimayambira ndi mawonekedwe amtambo, nthambi, osalimba. Kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kufika mamita awiri. Zimayambira pansi ndipo zimatulutsa mphukira zopindika.

Masamba ophika ndi lanceolate kapena oboweka mawonekedwe ndi nsonga yolunjika komanso m'mbali mwake. Kutalika kwa pepalali ndi masentimita 1. Masamba amawoneka bwino, amatulutsa kuwala bwino. Pamwamba pake amapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino. Masamba amatenga timiyala tambiri tating'onoting'ono 3, pamwamba pa mphukira ndi opepuka komanso masamba achikondi pang'ono.

M'chilimwe, pachimake pa algal chimayamba. Maluwa amangokhala okha, m'malo mwake ndi akulu, okhala ndi miyala yoyera, imaphukira pamtundu wochepera wolimba. Elodea amatanthauza mbewu zamkati, ndiye kuti, zimakhala ndi maluwa achimuna ndi achikazi. Zoyimira zazimayi zimakhala ndi miyala itatu mkati ndi kunja, manda ofiira kapena obiriwira komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wowala wa kapezi wokhala ndi mbali zomata. Duwa lamphongo limakhala ndi ma anther 9 ndi mavuvu 20.

Mu aquarium, ndizomera zazikazi zokha zomwe zafalikira, kotero palibe mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa pachomera.

Magawo oyenera

Kupanga malo abwino, ndikofunikira kusunga magawo a madzi otsatirawa mu aquarium:

1. Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 14-22 ° C. M'madzi ofunda, mbewu imatha kukula ndikufa. Kuchepa kwa matenthedwe, elodea amagona pansi ndipo "amagona" kwa miyezi ingapo.
2. Kuuma ndi acidity sizofunikira kwenikweni. Chachikulu ndikuti sasintha kwambiri. Zizindikiro zomasuka kwambiri ndi izi: kuuma - KH 2-12, acidity - pH 5.0-8.0.
3. Madzi amadzimadzi. Algae nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe achilengedwe. Kuyimitsidwa kumakhazikika pamasamba a chomera, ndipo madzi amawonekera. Tinthu tosakhazikika timakhala ngati feteleza wachilengedwe wa elodea ndikuthandizira kukula kwake.

Nyali ndi zida

Elodea akufuna pa kuyatsa. Muyezo wowunikira ukuyenera kukhala wochokera pakati mpaka wamphamvu kwambiri. Masana masana ndi maola 10.

Pakuwunikira kowonjezereka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent ndi mphamvu ya 0,5 W / l, pomwe kuwunikiranso kuyenera kugwera pamunsi pamanzere. Kupanda kutero, kukula kwa mphukira kuyimitsidwa, masamba amawola ndi kuwonongeka.

Kukula

Malo abwino pokonza ndi matziwe okhala ndi madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono. Madzi amayenera kukhala ndi mchere wocheperako komanso mchere wa oxide, womwe umapangitsa kuti pakhale mizu komanso masamba.

Zikabudwazo ziyenera kubzalidwa m'malo oyatsidwa bwino mpaka mainchesi 25-30-30.

Ubwino ndi zopweteka za Elodea

M'malo osungirako zinyama ndi malo osungira, Elodea ndi chofunikira kwambiri.

Algae ili ndi zinthu zabwino zotsatirazi:

• malo otetezeka a nsomba za viviparous,
• imatenga zinyalala zambiri zachilengedwe, kuti izikhala yosavuta kuyeretsa m'madzi,
• kuvala kwapamwamba kwa anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi, makamaka kwa nsomba za golide, tetras ndi nsomba za angelo,
• Amapanga zinthu zama bakiteriya, chifukwa zimalepheretsa kukula kwamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa unicellular, zomwe ndizovuta kuzichotsa mu aquarium.

Ngakhale pali zopindulitsa zake, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti Elodea amatulutsa madzi a poizoni, omwe amatha kupha mwachangu ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Pankhaniyi, pakukula, zitsulo zimayenera kuchotsedwa mchidebe ndikuchigonetsa kwa mphindi zingapo. Kusowa kwa madzi sikungavulaze mwala ndi kupulumutsa moyo wa nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimakonda kubisala m'nkhokwe zake. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti poizoniyo sangathe kuvulaza anthu komanso anthu ambiri okhala m'madzimo.

Kukula, imatha kupondereza kukula kwazomera zina zam'madzi. Pamenepa, mayiko ena amadziwika kuti ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zatsala, zomwe zikuwopseza mitundu yachilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa

Ntchito zofunikira komanso chisamaliro chosavuta ndikukonzanso zidapangitsa kuti njira yotetezedwa ikhale yotchuka ndi oyamba komanso akatswiri odziwa ntchito zam'madzi.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo masamba ndi mitundu yowala, imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ma aquariums. Algae imakula bwino, choncho muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo nthawi ndi nthawi. Siyenera kubzalidwa m'madziwe akulu okumba. Ndiwoyenereranso kuyang'ana madamu ang'onoang'ono a dimba momwe mbewu zam'madzi zina sizimamera bwino.

Unyinji wobiriwira umatulutsa mpweya wambiri, womwe umalemeretsa madzi.

Nthawi zambiri, unyinji wobiriwira wa Elodea umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza kapena kudyetsa ziweto za pafamu.

Kuswana

Mu nyengo yazomera zobweretsedwa ku Europe, azimayi okha ndi omwe adakhalapo, chifukwa chake, kubereka kumachitika kokha mwa kudula.

Njirayi ndi yachangu kwambiri ndipo sikutanthauza kuyesetsa kulikonse. Monga tikuonera pachithunzichi, mphukirowo uyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi chomera chachitali chotalika osachepera 20-30 ndikukhazikika pansi kapena kumanzere pansi pamadzi.

Ngakhale nthambi yaying'ono, itasweka, ingavomerezedwe ngati chomera chatsopano.

Malangizo a Aquarium

Pakadali pano, mbewu zina zokongoletsa zikutulutsa ulalo. Imapitilizabe kusungidwa m'mizinda yam'madzi chifukwa cha zopindulitsa zake. Sangatengeke ndi matenda, motero, safunikira chisamaliro chapadera.

Kuti chomera chikhale chokongoletsera chenicheni cha chinyumba cham'nyumba, munthu akuyenera kutsatira upangiri wa akatswiri odziwa zankhondo:

• pobzala, gwiritsani nthaka yopanda zosayera ndi silt, zowonjezera za malasha ndi laimu ndizofunikira,
• gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezera zowunikira kuti zikule,
• kuti muwoneke bwino chifukwa cha mizu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nsonga za "fluffy",
• kuwongolera kukula, kumachepetsa m'nkhalangozi, ndikudula nsonga,
• Malo abwino oyikapo ndi malo omwe ali pafupi ndi compressor, omwe amabalalitsa kaboni dayoksidi wopangidwa ndi algae.

Kugwiritsa

M'malo osungira osakanikirana ndi achilengedwe, mbewuyi imabzalidwa kuti ikayeretse ndi kuyeretsa. Masamba amatulutsa oxygen m'madzi ndipo imakhalanso chokongoletsera chachikulu cha aquarium yakunyumba. Pazosungirako zazikulu, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito elodea, popeza sizitha kuyeretsa dera lalikulu, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzichotsa pambuyo pake.

Ntchito inanso pachomera ichi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya cha ziweto. Makamaka sangalalani ndi nsapato za Elodean ngati scalars ndi golide. Kwa nsomba zazangu komanso zazing'ono zomwe, mwachitsanzo, ma guppies kapena swords, algae zimakhala malo abwino pogona. Kumene elodea imakula, chilengedwe chabwino chimasungidwa nthawi zonse, chifukwa chimatha kuyamwa mchere wazitsulo zolemera ndi radionuclides.

Kuphatikiza apo, Elodea akhoza kulepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu zam'madzi zina. Mwachitsanzo, utoto wokwera kapena ndevu zakuda zimalepheretsa kutukuka kwake ngati mawonekedwe atakhala ndi elodea akuwonekera mu aquarium.

Zina zambiri

Oimira genus Elodea (Elodea) amatchedwa "vuto la madzi", ndipo zili choncho. Izi zanyengo zamadzi zam'madzi ndizabanja la Aquatic. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndizosasinthika komanso kukula msanga. Ikasungika pamalo abwino, elodea amakula mofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti imatha kulowa m'malo mwa maluwa am'deralo. Pali nthawi zina pamene ndowe zazikulu za Elodea zimasokoneza kutumiza.

Mphepo zazikulu za elodea m'malo awo achilengedwe

Ma Elodeas amakhala ndi kutalika kwambiri komanso kosinthika, kutalika kwa mbewu zina m'chilengedwe kumatha kufika mamita 2-3 Komanso, mbewuyo imatha kupanga unyinji wa mphukira zamtundu wotsatira. Mizu ya Elodea sichikulitsidwa bwino, ndiyoyera komanso yopyapyala. Ndi mizu yotere, imatha kukonza malo m'nthaka, yomwe, komabe, sikulepheretsa kuti ikule ndikukula, ngakhale kungosambira mumtsinje wamadzi. Pa mphukira zofiirira pali masamba akuwala a masamba atatu obiriwira. Timapepala ta kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 1 cm komanso 5mm mulifupi. Mphepete mwa pepalalo ndi lotchulidwa, mbali zakumaso pali denticles.

Zoyenera kumangidwa

Kuti chikhalidwe chikhale bwino, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino okhala. Othandizira am'madzi amalimbikitsa kumvera malangizo awa:

• perekani kutentha kwa madigiri 14 + 23, + ngati madzi amatentha, madziwo amatha kuchepa, ndipo akakula m'madzi ozizira, elodea ayamba kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
• Chomera ichi sichosankha za kuuma kwamadzi, koma pali chenjezo limodzi: sichikonda kusinthaku lakuthwa kwawo. Kuphatikiza apo, zomerazi sizingasunthike kuchoka kumadzi olimba kupita kumadzi ofewa, koma m'malo mwake zimamva bwino.
• Bzalani ma elodeas pothana ndi nsomba ndi zowonjezera mchere. Chomera sichimakonda mchere m'madzi.
• Sungani madzi oyera. Kusinthasintha kungasokoneze kulowa kwa dzuwa pamasamba a Elodea, ndipo kuchepa kwa kuwala kumatha kubweretsanso kuphedwa kwa chikhalidwe ichi. Masana masana ayenera kukhala maola 10-12.
• Osabzala mliri wamadzi mu aquarium yomwe ikuyenda mwachangu, apo ayi imayamba kumera pakona imodzi, potero imaphwanya mgwirizano wokongola pakuwonekera kwa aquarium.

Onani maupangiri athu osamalira chomera cha aquarium ichi.

• Tsatirani malamulo akubzala. Tsitsani pang'ono kumapeto kwa mphukira pansi ndikuwakanikiza ndi miyala. Mizu yoyera yoyera idzawoneka mwachangu ndipo imakhazikika pansi. Podzala, pangani dothi lokhala ndi laimu yambiri - izi zimapangitsa mbewuyo kuti mizu izike mizu molimba.
• Patulani elodea m'chilimwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti panthawiyi chimakula kwambiri ndipo mwachangu chimadzaza chokha ndi danga lonse la m'madzi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masamba, anthu okhala m'madzimo amasowa mtendere, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuti achepetse mbewuyo, ndikuchotsa masamba ang'onoang'ono.
• Mukamafunika kusunthira elodea kuchokera kumadzi ofewa kupita kumadzi olimba, onjezerani maola ake masana mpaka maola 16. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mbewu idazolowera zinthu zatsopano ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa msipu wobiriwira womwe unasokonekera pa kusinthika.
• M'nyengo yozizira, muzigwiritsa ntchito kuunikira nthawi zonse, chifukwa kuwala kwachilengedwe panthawiyi sikokwanira. Izi zimatha kudzetsa matenda ndi matenda a chomera.
• Sinthani 1/5 yama voliyumu sabata iliyonse, kotero kuti aquarium nthawi zonse imakhala yoyera ndipo chomera chimakhala bwino.
• Simuyenera kuchita feteleza elodea. Ngati chovala pamwamba, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinyalala kuchokera kwa anthu okhala m'madzimo.
• Kukhala chojambula bwino, elodea imadziunjikira dothi pamasamba ndi zimayambira, choncho imayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse pansi pamadzi.

Matenda

Elodea ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu chokwanira, motero samadwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Mavuto azaumoyo amatha kuchitika pokhapokha pakuwala komanso ngati kutentha kwa madzi sikunawonedwe. Potere, masamba adakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, kenako nkugwa. Zinthu zikakhala kuti sizingakhale zabwino, Elodea adzawonongeka.

Ngakhale kukana matenda, elodea imatha kuyambitsa matenda am'madzi mu aquarium. Izi zimachitika ngati mutenga chomera chodzala pamalo osungira zachilengedwe. Pa masamba ndi zimayambira, kachilomboka kangathe kupatsirana, komwe kuyambitsa kufa kwa dziko lonse la pansi.

Pofuna kupewa zinthu ngati izi, gulani mbewuyo m'masitolo odalirika a ziweto kapena kwa odalirika am'madzi.

Kuti mumve zambiri za aquarium elodea, onani vidiyo yotsatira.

KULAMBIRA

Elodea ndiofala kwambiri ngati chomera cha aquarium. Imatha kumera popanda dothi, lomwe limakhala labwino mukakonza malo osungirako miyala osakhalitsa, nthawi yobereka, ndi milandu yofananira. Zomera zimachokera ku Canada ndi United States. Ku Europe, elodea mwangozi m'zaka za zana la 19. Apa inafalikira mwachangu, ndikudzaza yokha matupi amadzi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, anthu anamutcha iye mliri wamadzi. M'mayiko ena, amaonedwa ngati mitundu yosawerengeka. Nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka m'dera la Russia, komanso ku Moscow. Pali zowona zina pomwe mitengo yanthaka ya mbewu iyi yomwe sinawalekerere sanalole kuwedza ndi kutumiza kwaulere.

Nthawi yomweyo, Elodea amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wothandiza komanso ngati chakudya cha nkhumba ndi abakha, chifukwa chakukula msanga. Pamaso pa kuwala kowala, imasandutsidwa chinsalu chachikulu chobiriwira. Elodea imadziunjikiranso ma depositi azitsulo, komanso ma radionuclides, omwe amachititsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kufufuza zachilengedwe. Mu pulogalamu ya sukulu ndi ophunzira pali gawo lomwe chomera cha mbewu chimaphunzira, kayendedwe ka cytoplasm ndi chloroplasts. Elodea Leaf ndi chinthu chophunzirachi. Chomera sichimatengera kukhazikika kwa madzi, chimatha kukula m'madzi ofewa komanso ovuta. Vuto limatha kuwoneka pokhapokha likasamutsidwa kuchoka pamadzi kupita lina, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Mitundu yambiri ya elodea kukonda madzi ozizira ndi kutentha kwa magawo 16-16 ° C. Ngati kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, ndiye mbewuyo imakulirakulira. Ngati Aquarium ndi yotentha, ndiye kuti 28-30 ° C sichigwira ntchito. Zomera zimawoneka ngati brittle, zazitali, zopindika. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tothawa titha kuyandama mosavuta pamapeto pake - motere chomera chimafalikira. Mizu yake yayitali imapangidwa, mothandizidwa ndi yomwe imazika mizu m'nthaka. Kuberekanso kumachitika chifukwa cha mphukira zomwe zimafikira kutalika kwa mita ndikutha kupindika. Masamba ofiira owala bwino obiriwira komanso owonekera, omwe ali pamalowo.

Chomera chimakhala ndi akazi komanso amuna. Imatha kulola maluwa kukhala pamalo abwino. Ali ndi mwendo wautali, ndipo amatulutsa pamwamba pamadzi. Maluwa achikazi amakhala ndi miyala yamkati itatu yamkati ndi itatu, komanso stigmas zitatu zowala bwino. Ali ndi manda atatu a ubweya wonyezimira komanso wofiyira. Maluwa amphongo ali ndi ma nyere naini. Thumba losunga mazira limakhala ndi mavuu makumi awiri.

Ku Russia ndi ku Europe, palibe amuna. M'malo okhala kunyumba, Elodea amafalitsa kudzera mwa zodula. Kuti ikule msanga, phesi liyenera kutalika masentimita 20-25. Mukakhala nsomba mu aquarium, simufunikira mavalidwe owonjezera apamwamba a elodea - imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa chifukwa chazofunikira zanyama. Pamaso pa kuwala kowala, nthawi yomweyo imadzaza madzi ndi mpweya. Imalepheretsa algae kukula mu aquarium, chifukwa imatenga zinthu zambiri zophatikiza ndimadzi zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi ndikutulutsa zinthu zovulalazo. Amati msuzi wochokera pachomera ichi ndiwopyapyala, ndipo tsinde likasweka, limayenda m'madzi ndikuwononga mwachangu. Koma zoterezi sizinachitikebe.

Elodea imatenga mbali zina zamtunduwu zomwe zimakhala m'madzimo, makamaka pakakhala nsomba za mphaka. Koma siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosefera - ngati mbewuyo ikhala yonyansa, ndiye imakulirakulira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osafunikira. Kuti chomera chikule chaka chonse mu chinyama cham'madzi, mumafunikira chowunikira chachikulu, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imafota kenako ndikufa. Ngakhale Elodea imakhala yovuta kulekerera, yotchedwa mchere wamadzi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa nsomba mu aquarium.

Mitundu yazomera

M'malo am'madzi, mitundu inayi yamatenda am'madzi imalimidwa.

• Leafy Elodea ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa Elodea, womwe ungagulidwe pafupi ndi malo ena aliwonse ogulitsa ziweto. Mbewuyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndikupanga nkhokwe zambiri. Pafupifupi ndi muzu, mtundu wa thundu ndiwobiliwira.
• Zithunzi zam'maso ndizonso zamtundu wamba. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe opepuka komanso kukula kwamphamvu sikuti kumapangitsa kuti kuwala kuyende bwino m'magawo onse amadzi. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'mazinyama ang'onoang'ono momwe masamba obiriwira amasokoneza kayendedwe ka nsomba. Kukula kwam'madzi mu aquarium mothandizidwa ndi mtundu wamtunduwu kumayenda bwino pang'ono, koma kukongoletsa kumakwaniritsidwa kwambiri.
• Elodea Densa - ndibwino kubzala zamtunduwu m'magulu a nthambi za 10-15. Chomera chimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda ndipo chimapatsa malo abwino omwe nsomba zimatha kubisala mosavuta. Masamba amtunduwu ndiwofinya kuposa masamba a singano, koma owonda kuposa masamba a chitsamba. Akatswiri ambiri am'madzi amawona kuti mbewuyi ndi njira yabwino.
• Canadian Elodea ndi mbewu yomwe imatha kukula bwino m'malo oyenda amadzi ozizira komanso yowunda.

Kodi kubzala?

Popeza kuti elodea alibe mizu, motero, amazika mizu m'njira zosakhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kungoponyera tsindewo m'madzi ndikudikirira kuti nthambizo zikule kuchokera pamenepo patapita nthawi. Kapenanso, mutha kudzala mphukira pansi ndikugona bwino. Kenako pakapita kanthawi iyamba kumamatira miyala. Kukula kwa Rhizoid kumadalira pamlingo wamadzi mu aquarium.

Nkhani

Dziko lakale la Elodea ndi loyenda mosayenda komanso mosakhalitsa ku North ndi South America. Koma, atalengezedwa mwangozi kudziko la Europe, Elodea adakhala mtundu wachilengedwe. Chifukwa chosabereka, mbewuyi imatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi madzi aliwonse padziko lapansi.

Elodea adawonekera ku Russia mu 1882. Adagwiritsidwa ntchito yokongoletsa Botanical Garden ku St. Njira zazing'ono zomwe zidagwera mumtsinje wapafupi posachedwa zidasandulika zisumbu zobiriwira. Panalibe zaka zochepa kuti Elodea afikire Baikal. Munthawi yathu ino, imapezeka m'malo ambiri osungirako ku Russia ndi Ukraine.

Ndi zomwe zili elodea mu aquarium, sipangakhale zovuta zilizonse ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene.

Kutentha kwakukulu kuti mitundu yambiri ipangidwe ndi 17-24 ° C. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwamadzi kumachepetsa kukula kwa elodea. Magawo monga kuuma ndi acidity kwenikweni samachita nawo gawo la elodea. Chachikulu ndichakuti kusintha kwakuthwa sikumawonedwa, chifukwa chomwe elodea imatha kutaya masamba.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa elodea ndi mulingo wa kuyatsa. Iyenera kukhala yowala mokwanira komanso chimodzimodzi m'makona onse amadzuwa. Ndikusowa kwa kuyatsa, masamba a elodea amayamba kuwola ndikugwa.

Kukwaniritsidwa kokwanira kumakhala koyenera mu malo obiriwira okhala ndi elodea, chifukwa masamba ang'onoting'ono a chomeracho amasungunulira zinthu zing'onozing'ono, ndipo popanda zosefera mbewuyo imangokhala yosavomerezeka.

Elodea angachite popanda kuwonjezera feteleza ngati pali chokwanira chazinthu zachilengedwe mu aquarium.

Wofalitsidwa ndi Elodea vegetatively - kudula kwa tsinde. Ndikofunikira kuti phesi likhale losachepera 20 cm.Libzalidwe pansi, elodea imatulutsa mizu yopyapyala yoyera yomwe imakonza malo ake. Nthawi yabwino, titha kuwona maluwa a elodea. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Elodea ndi mbewu yamitundu iwiri, ndiye kuti, maluwa amphongo ndi amuna ali pazomera zosiyanasiyana. Koma azimayi okha ndi omwe afalikira kuzungulira ku Europe, kotero kupukutira ndi kupanga mbewu sikumachitika.

Mwina kukhalabe m'madziwe okongoletsera. Kufalikira kudutsa pansi, mbewuzo zimapanga zikhalidwe zabwino za emerald.

Zosiyanasiyana

Masiku ano, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mbewuyi ili yokhazikitsidwa mwachilengedwe chonse, ngakhale lingaliro la asayansi pakuphunzira lidasiyana kwambiri. Kulongosola za mbewuyi kukupitirirabe. Mwachitsanzo: wasayansi wazomera St. John adagawa ma elodea m'mitundu 17, ndipo akatswiri a sayansi yaku America abale a Correll (D. & E. Corell) adatinso panali mitundu 4 yokha. Munkhaniyi, gulu lodziwika bwino lidzalengezedwa, lomwe lili ndi magulu 6:

• Bifoliata. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nsonga ya masamba,
• Canadensis. Kapena "Elodea waku Canada,"
• Nuttallii (Elodea Nuttal). Chimodzi mwa maluwa angapo ndi maluwa mpaka 8 mm. Dzinali linaperekedwa polemekeza yemwe wapeza - katswiri wazomera zaku England dzina lake T. Nattal,
• Granatensis. Wotchedwa kumalo opezako - New Granada - tsopano Colombia,
• Potamogeton (wochokera ku "mtsinje" wachi Greek ndi "mnansi"). Bzalani Rdest (banja la RESTEST),
• Callitrichoides Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi masamba ataliitali, ophwa.

Masanjidwewo, opezeka mosavuta kwa munthu wamba wosadziwa zambiri za m'madzi, wopanda nzeru zambiri za botani, ndi motere:

Elodea, Tool Elodea, Leafy Elodea (Egeria densa - "egeria densa" - lat.)
Tsopano yadziwika pansi pa dzina loti Egeria ndi wandiweyani.

Mwachilengedwe, malo okhala ndi zodalirana zimakhala nzika zaku South America, kotero chachikulu chake ndichotheka kulolera kutentha kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, monga mtundu wonse wa ku Egeria, kusintha koopsa mu kutentha, komanso kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka madzi, zimaperekedwa chifukwa cha izi, kuchokera ku Elodea uyu akhoza kufa.

Kunja, egeria wopanda kanthu mwina ndi membala wokongola kwambiri wamtunduwu:

• Maonekedwe a masamba: tsamba lamasamba. Masamba amatha, kupota pang'ono, kuloza kumapeto,
• Kutalika kwa masamba: mpaka 6 mm,
• Kutalika kwa mbewu: mpaka 70 cm,
• Chiwerengero cha masamba limodzi: kuyambira 8 mpaka 10,
• Mtundu: wobiriwira wowala.

Mosamala, chomera cham'madzi chimatha maluwa.

Curly lagorosifon (lagorosiphon chachikulu - lat.), Kupatula curly Elodea.

Kukhazikika kwa malo amtunduwu ndi ku South Africa, makamaka ndi matupi amadzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena osakhalapo. Curly Elodea adatchuka mu aquarium chifukwa cha luso lake losavuta kusefa.

• Maonekedwe a tsamba: lopotana, lopindika, lopindika ndi mano osunthika kuzungulira pepala lonse,
• Kutalika kwa mbewu: mpaka 50 cm,
• Chiwerengero cha masamba limodzi: kuyambira 8 mpaka 10,
• Mtundu: wobiriwira wakuda.

Malangizo oyendetsera madzi a aquarium:

1. Naiad: t - 15-25 Co, dH - 7-15, pH - 6-9,
2. Curly Lagorosiphon: t - 18-23 Co, dH-- 2-11, pH-6.5-7,
3. Egeria imakhala yodukiza kwambiri: t - 15-26, Co, d - 8-21, pH - 6-8,
4. Canadian Egeria: t - 16-23 Co, dH - osati yofunikira, pH - yosafunikira.

• Kusamalira algae kumachitika ndikusinthidwa kwamadzi tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 30% ya voliyumu ya aquarium,
• Zinthu zazikulu pakusunga elodea mu aquarium ndizowunikira zabwino komanso madzi abwino. Ngati kuwala kosakwanira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent,
• Kuchepetsa pafupipafupi kumathandizanso kuti magawo onse a ntchito zachilengedwe azigwira ntchito. Chachikulu ndikuti musaiwale kuti msuzi womwe umasungidwa ndi kudula kwa egeria ndiwophera anthu okhala m'madzimo, chifukwa chake amafunika kuchotsedwa pamenepo kwakanthawi.

Kuswana

Kubalana kwa elodea kumachitika mwa kudula. Kuti mubzale bwino, ndikokwanira kusiya thunthu pa chomera cha mayi ndikuyiyika mu chinyumba chatsopano. Palibe chifukwa chosamalira mbewu nthawi imeneyi. Egeria imaberekana mosavuta, ikungosambira m'madzi, komabe imakhala yabwino kuti imere mu nthaka. Kuti musankhe momwe mungabzalire chomera, muyenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa malo am'madzi komanso kutsatira mndandanda wamalamulo:

• Sizoletsedwa kutulutsa shank yatsopano kukhala m'madzi omwe mumakhala anthu, chifukwa poyamba madzi omwe amapezeka pachidutswa cha seawe amakhala ndi poizoni nsomba.
• Kuti ndikwaniritse bwino, ndikofunika kulabadira zosiyanasiyana zam'merawo, chifukwa mawonekedwe amtundu wotsimikizira kubereka amatha kusiyanasiyana,
• Ndikofunika kuti muzitha pansi pamadzi ndi mchenga waukulu wamtsinje, kotero chomera chimasinthika mosavuta kumikhalidwe yatsopano,
• Malo omwe akukhalamo bwino ndi bwino kudziwa kukhoma lakumbuyo kwa aquarium.

Elodea yobiriwira yomwe imayikidwa mu malo okhala m'madzi momwemo simudzangokhala chofunikira pakuyeretsa, komanso kuwonjezera kukongoletsa!