Msambo kapena mongoose wa madzi - Atilax paludinosus - woyimira yekhayo wa mtundu, wopezeka ku Africa kuchokera ku Guinea-Bissau kupita ku Ethiopia, komanso kumwera kwa South Africa. Kutalika kwa thupi, kuphatikiza mutu, ndi 460-620 mm, mchira ndi 320-530 mm, kulemera kwa chinyama chachikulire kuyambira pa 2.5 mpaka 4.1 kg. Chovalacho ndi chachitali, chofiyira, chakuda. Kulowa kwa tsitsi lakuda kumapereka chithunzi cha mtundu wakuda. Mwa anthu ena, mawanga owoneka ngati mphete, nthawi zambiri imvi, amawoneka amtundu. Mutu ndi wopepuka kuposa msana, mbali yam'munsi ya thupi ndiyopepuka - pachifuwa, pamimba komanso m'mawondo. Pakati pa mphuno ndi milomo yapamwamba pali mzere wa khungu lopanda kanthu.
Mitundu ya marsh mongooses Atilax ndinazolowera kukhala m'madzi am'madzi ochulukirapo kuposa ma mongooses ena. Mangani mwamphamvu komanso wamkulu. Zala zakumiyendo zakumbuyo kwanu zilibe ziwalo. Mongoose amagwira nyama yake matope kapena zinthu zina pansi pa miyala. Pali zala zisanu pachendo chilichonse, zala zake zilibe kanthu, misomali ndiyifupi komanso yamphamvu. Akazi amakhala ndi zimphuno ziwiri. Mongoose Atilax amapezeka paliponse, pomwe pali kasupe wamadzi ndi masamba obiriwira m'mphepete mwa posungira. Malo okongola a mongooses ndi malo osambira, mathithi amadzi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, mabedi akale a mitsinje. Zilumba za Grassy pamitsinje ndimakonda kutchuthi.
Monga abale ena, maongoongo Atilax pafupifupi samakwera mitengo, koma amatha kukwera mtengo wokonda kuchita ngozi. Awa ndi asodzi odabwitsa komanso osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, posambira, mongoose amasiya mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa madzi, koma amatha kumira, ndikusiya mphuno yokha yopumira pamwamba. Imapeza nyama m'madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri ikamayenda maulendo atali m'mbali mwa mtsinje kapena dambo. Mongoosewo amagwira ntchito nthawi yamadzulo komanso usiku, koma Rowe-Rowe (1978) amawaika ngati nyama masana, ponena kuti imasaka msatsi nthawi yausana.
Mbawala ya marsh imadya chilichonse chomwe chitha kugwira ndikuipha. Zakudyazo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi tizilombo, anyani, nkhanu, nsomba, achule, njoka, mazira, makoswe ochepa ndi zipatso (Kingdon 1977, Rosevear 1974). Kuti mutulutse nkhono kapena nkhanu pa chipolopolo, Atilax amaziponyera pamiyala. Mongoose wogwidwa anayesera kuthyola fupa pomuponyera pansi khola.
A Kingdon (1977) akuti marsh mongoose amakhala yekha, amakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Ng'ombe zimabadwa m'makola m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena m'nkhalango. Kubadwa kwawo ku West Africa sikunachitike pa nyengo inayake (Rosevear 1974). Ponena za ku South Africa, ma mongoose anagwidwa kumeneko mu June, Ogasiti ndi Okutobala (Asdell 1964, Rowe-Rowe 1978). Yaikazi imabadwa ana 1-3, nthawi zambiri imakhala iwiri, iliyonse imalemera pafupifupi 100 g, maso awo amatseguka masiku 9-14, amadya mkaka kwa masiku 30-46.
Mongo wina wamadzi amakhala mu ndende zaka 17 ndi miyezi isanu. Malinga ndikuwona kwa a Rosevear (1974), kuchuluka kwa ma mongooses pazaka 50 zapitazi kwacheperachepera m'malo otentha. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi ntchito zachuma za anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, mongooses amachotsedwa, poganiza kuti ndi mdani wa nkhuku.
Kufotokozera kwa marsh mongoose
Madambo achimbudzi ndi otakataka, omangidwa bwino. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira masentimita 42 mpaka 62, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira ndi masentimita 32-53. Kulemera kwa thupi kumasiyana pakati pa 2,5-4.1 kg. Tsitsi pa thupi ndi mchira limakhala lotalikirapo, lalitali komanso lozama.
Mongo Madziose (Atilax).
Ma paws ali ndi ubweya wamfupi. Pakati pa milomo yapamwamba ndi mphuno pali chigamba cha khungu lopanda kanthu. Mutu ndi waukulu, makutu amaponderezedwa kumutu. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyotetemera kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi mongooses kupeza nyama pansi pa madzi. Pali zala zisanu pazenera lililonse, zimatha ndi zovala zazifupi zosabwezeka. Chala chake chimakhala chothandizira chowonjezera chomwe mongoose amamangiriridwa ndi malo oterera.
Mano okhathamira ndi olimba komanso amakulidwe; Mongoose amatha kuphwanya zakudya zolimba, monga zipolopolo za nkhanu ndi zipolopolo za mollusk, zokhala ndi ma molars. Akazi amakhala ndi ziwiriawiri za tinthu ta m'mimba tating'ono.
Mtundu wa malaya umatha kukhala wakuda kapena wa bulauni. Mongooses okhala ndi mphete zowala za imvi zopepuka amapezeka. Kumbuyo ndikuda kuposa mutu. Phokoso limakhala lofiirira, ndipo mphuno nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka. Mimba, chifuwa ndi mawondo ndi opepuka kuposa kumbuyo.
Zambiri zachilengedwe
Mongooses amadzi ndi mitundu yayikulu ya mongoose. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumafika masentimita 80-100, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa kilogalamu 2,5 mpaka 4.2. Kuchokera masentimita 30 mpaka 40 amagwera mchira wa fluffy. Chovala chimakhala chachitali, cholimba komanso chodera, chakuda chakuda, nthawi zina chimakhala chofiirira kapena pafupifupi chakuda. Makutu ndi ang'ono, ozungulira mawonekedwe, oponderezedwa mpaka kumutu wa nyama. Kuphatikizira kwakanthawi kofikira ndi zikhalidwe zosambira pakati pa zala ndizozodziwika ndi zamtunduwu. Ubongo ndi wokulirapo. Zopangidwa makamaka mu nyama izi ndi njira yogwira yomwe imawathandiza pakusaka kwawo chakudya.
Moyo
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina mongoose wamadzi amapezeka m'malo akutali kuchokera kumadzi, monga lamulo amakhala kumapiri, kunyanja, mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndimakhala ndi moyo wamadzulo, ndimagwira ntchito kwambiri madzulo. Wosaka, nyama yake ndi anyani, agalu, nyama zapambuyo, nsomba, makoko ang'onoang'ono. Amadyanso mazira, zipatso, etc. Amasambira kwambiri. Mwachangu amateteza gawo "lawo" ku mitundu ina ya mongoose. Mongoose nthawi ndi nthawi amawonetsa gawo lino ndi zitosi - m'mphepete mwa madzi momwe akukhalamo. M'makhalidwe ake, imakhala pafupi ndi otters.
Akazi amtundu wamadzi abereka nthawi zambiri pachaka kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 3 cubs. Pakadutsa masiku 10 mpaka 20, ana amapezeka, patatha mwezi umodzi amayamba kudya monga momwe amachitira mongoose.
Hare
Mongooses am'madzi ndiofala ku South ndi Central Africa. Amadziwika ndi moyo wokhala pawekha pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Munthu aliyense amakhala m'dera lake, m'mabedi pafupi ndi mtsinje womwe madzi ake amayenda pang'onopang'ono, kapena m'malo oyandikira. Padzuwa ndi usiku, mongooses amachoka kukagula chakudya, chomwe chimakhala ndi achule, nsomba, nkhanu ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala m'madzi. Pamtunda, nyama zimadyera mbalame, makoswe ndi tizilombo, ndikuwononga zisa. Awa ndi osaka opanda mantha, komanso osamala kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa mongoose wamadzi
Madzi kapena dambo mongoose ndi chilombo chaching'ono chomwe chimawoneka ngati oimira banja la mphaka. Thupi la achikulire kutalika kwa 25-75 masentimita, misa ndi pamlingo kuchokera 1 mpaka 5 kg. Nyamayi imakhala yolemera komanso yopanga bwino. Chovala chake ndi chokulirapo, chachitali komanso cholimba, chochepa kumiyendo ndi miyendo.
Mutu wake ndi wokulira makutu. Mzere wopanda khungu umasiyanitsa mlomo wapamwamba ndi mphuno. Malingaliro ali ndi mikono isanu, ndi zofupikitsa zazifupi zomwe sizibwerera. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyotetemera kwambiri, yomwe imathandiza mongoose kupeza nyama pansi pa madzi. Chala chake chimagwira ngati chothandizira, ndipo chimamuthandiza kuti akhale pamalo oterera padziko lapansi. Mongooses amadzi amakhalanso ndi ma fangala opangidwa bwino, mano olimba, osalala, amatha kuphwanya zipolopolo za nkhanu ndi zipolopolo za mollusk. Mwa akazi, awiriawiri a tinthu timene timapezeka m'mimba. Matendawa amatanthauza chinsinsi.
Thupi la mongoose wamadzi limakhala lofiirira, lonenepa kwambiri. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi malo owala pa ubweya. Mutu, m'mimba, chifuwa ndi miyendo nthawi zonse zimakhala zowala kuposa kumbuyo.
Zomwe zimapatsa madzi mongoose
Mongo Madzi ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri. Amadyanso tizilombo toyamwa madzi, nkhanu, nsomba, zipolopolo, achule, njoka, makoswe ochepa, mazira ndi zipatso. Nthawi zina amasaka pamtunda, amagwira mbalame ndi nyama zazing'ono, amatha kukwera mtengo wokonda.
Madzi akafunafuna nyama m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amayang'anitsitsa njira iliyonse, ndikuona nyansi m'madzi ndi kutsogolo kwake. Nyama ikangodya nyama, imawatulutsa m'madzi ndi kuidya. Wokana kukangalika atha kuphedwa ndi kuluma. Ma Shellfish, nkhanu ndi mazira amaziponyera pansi kuti zimenye. Mwambiri, mongoose madzi amasinthira ku zakudya zopezeka pansi maiwe akauma.
Makamaka posambira mbalame zimasaka. Kuti muchite izi, nyamayo imagona pansi ndikubweza pansi, imanyamula malo ake owala ndi malo opaka pinki. Zimakhala zosangalatsa mbalame kudziwa “chinthu” chachilendo ngati chimenecho. Koma akangofika pafupi ndi mlenje wofunafuna uja, amaponya mpeni, amagwira nyama ndipo amadya.
Kufalikira kwa Mongoose
Mongo madzi amagawidwa m'dera la Central ndi South Africa m'mabedi a mabango, pafupi ndi zithaphwi, mitsinje kapena malo ocheperako pang'ono, pamalo okwera kuchokera pa nyanja mpaka mita 2,500. Mitunduyi imapezeka pagawo lalikulu kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa kuchokera ku South Africa kupita ku Ethiopia, kumpoto chakumadzulo mpaka ku Sierra Leone, kupatula madera a chipululu ndi theka. Mongo wamadzi amakhala ku Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Cote Divoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia.
Khalidwe la Mongoose
Mongooses am'madzi amagwira ntchito usiku komanso madzulo, koma nthawi zina amatha kuwonedwa masana. Ndiwosambira kwambiri, koma amakonda kuyika mitu yawo pamwamba pa madzi pomwe akusambira, kuyesera kudalira malo a udzu ndi masamba oyandama. Imatha kukhala ndi mongoose wamadzi ndipo imangodzamira, ikangosiya mphuno yake pamwamba kuti ipume. Mwambiri, nyamayi imadziwika ndi moyo wamadzi am'madzi. Pakabuka zoopsa, zimalowa m'madzi ndikukhalamo kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati mongoose wam'madzi atayikidwa kumapeto kapena kuwopa kwambiri, ndiye kuti akuyamba kuwombera mdani wake ndi chinsinsi cha fungo lotuwa.
Nyama zotere zimakhala zochitika mokhazikika, zimakonda kutsatira njira zosalala komanso zooneka bwino zomwe zimayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi matupi ena amadzi omwe zomera zimabisala.
Popeza mongoose wamadzi ndi nyama yokhayokha, munthu aliyense amakhala m'dera lomasuliridwa bwino, malire ake ndikudutsa pamadzi achosungirako komwe amakhala. Madera amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo.
Kubala mongoose wamadzi
Kubalanso mumadzi mongooses kumachitika kawiri pachaka: pakati pa nthawi yopumira komanso nthawi yamvula. Ku West Africa, nyengo ya kubadwa kwa makanda sinafotokozeredwe mtunduwu, ndipo kumwera kwa kondinendi nthawi zambiri amabadwa pakati pa Juni ndi Okutobala.
Kubadwa kwa mwana kumachitika zisa zopangidwa ndi udzu wouma, womwe akazi amakhala m'makola amitengo, m'mizu yamitengo, m'malo osiyanasiyana, m'makoma, m'mapanga achilengedwe kapena, ngati kulibe malo achitetezo apafupi, mwachitsanzo, m'malo okhala phokoso, zisa ndi mabango. .
Mu zinyalala zazimayi, mumakhala ana 1-3, nthawi zambiri awiri, ana obadwa osawona ndi osowa thandizo, kulemera kwawo kumangokhala 100 g. masiku 9 mpaka 14 atabadwa, maso ndi makutu aana amatseguka. Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi, pambuyo pake madzi am'madzi amasintha kukhala chakudya cholimba, ndipo pakati pa masiku 30-45 a moyo amadya mokwanira chimodzimodzi ndi akulu. Nthawi itatha kutha kwa mkaka, ana onsewa amaperekeza mkaziyo pamaulendo ake onse akusaka. Nthawi zina nyama imodzi yokalamba (yambiri yamphongo) imatsagana ndi "banja" ili.
Adani achilengedwe a mongoose wamadzi
Kuchuluka kwa madzi mongoose chifukwa cha zochita zachuma za anthu mzaka zana zapitazo zachepa kwambiri, makamaka kumadera louma. Koma kwakukulu, chifukwa cha malo awo ambiri okhala ku Africa, komanso kukhalapo kwa malo abwino ambiri, zomwe zikuwopseza kukhalapo kwa mtunduwu sizinawonekebe.
Zakudya za Marsh Mongoose
Mongooses amadzimadzi ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi, chifukwa cha zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi nkhanu zam'madzi zatsopano, nkhono ndi shrimp. Amadyetsanso nsomba, achule, njoka, makoswe ang'ono, mbalame, mazira, tizilombo tambiri ndi mphutsi zake. Ma mongooses amadzi amathanso kudya ang'onoang'ono - oyendetsa ndala ndi oyenda.
Nyama izi zimakhala moyo wawokha. Malire a zogawana zawo adalekanitsidwa bwino, monga lamulo, iwo amadutsa pansi pa posungira, pafupi ndi pomwe mongooses amakhala.
Kubalana kwa marsh mongooses
Nthawi yoweta marsh mongooses ku West Africa imachitika chaka chonse, ndipo ku South Africa, ana amabadwa kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala. Wamkazi amakhala ndi malita awiri pachaka. Zachikazi zimapanga chisa cha udzu wouma kapena bango kuti ziberekane. Amathanso kupanga chisa m'phanga lachilengedwe kapena kumalo ena kopanda anthu. Nthawi zambiri, mzere wamkazi umakhala pafupi ndi madzi.
Mongooses amadzi amapangidwa makamaka ndi malingaliro okhudza, omwe amawathandiza pofufuza chakudya.
Mu zinyalala za chithaphwi cha mongo, pamatha kukhala ana 1 mpaka 3. Zochepa, kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 100 okha, ndipo kungathandize. Makanda okhala ndi maso otsekeka amabadwa. Masomphenya mwa iwo akuwonekera pa tsiku la 9-14. Amayi amadyetsa ana mkaka kuyambira masiku 30 mpaka 45.