Kutalika kwa njoka yayikulu kupitirira 5 metres, kulemera kwa makilogalamu 97 ndi zina zambiri. Asayansi apeza kuti anaconda kuyambira 9 mpaka 11 metres ndi nthano, chifukwa kutalika kwake sikupita mamita 6.5. Thupi la njokayo limagawidwa mchira komanso thupi lalikulu lokhala ndi ma vertebrae 435. Nthiti zake ndizosenda ndipo zimalola kumeza nyama yayikulu kwambiri. Chibade anacondas imakhala ndi mafupa osuntha, olumikizidwa ndi ma ligaments. Chifukwa cha izi, imatsegula pakamwa pake ndikameza nyama yonse. Maso am'madzi akulu ndi mphuno amalola kupumira pansi pamadzi. Maso ake amakulolani kuti mulandire msanga nyama, osayang'ana, chifukwa cha mamba owonekera. Manochimphona, musakhale ndi poizoni, ngakhale kuti ndi lakuthwa komanso lalitali, kotero kuluma munthu sikukufa. Chiwalo chofunikira cha njoka ndi lilime, lomwe limayambitsa kukoma ndi kununkhira. Khungu la anaconda ndi louma komanso lowonda, komanso zonse chifukwa lilibe timimba ta mucous. Koma ndiwowoneka bwino, chifukwa cha masikelo. Utoto wake ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira wachikasu ndi maolivi, ndipo kumbuyo kwa msana pali malo akuda omwe amalola kumanga.
Kodi chimphona cha anaconda chimakhala kuti?
Monga chimphona amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi ndipo amasambira kwambiri, amakhala m'malo opanda mitsinje, m'malo otsetsereka komanso m'mitsinje. Nthawi zina amawombera m'madzi ndikutsika mitengo. Kuchokera pachilala anaconda kamabisalira mu silika ndikudikirira mvula. Mutha kukumana ndi njoka ku South America konse, ku Brazil, ku Peru, Guiana, Paraguay, Guyana, Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia.
Kodi anaconda amawoneka bwanji?
Mtundu waukulu ndi swamp, nthawi zambiri wobiriwira. Pathupi la njokayo pali mawanga a bulauni omwe amalekeka. Amakhala ozungulira kapena otalika, ndipo ali ndi malire. M'mphepete pali timalo tachikasu tating'ono, komwe kumakhala mphete zakuda. Utoto uwu ndimawonekedwe abwino m'malo omwe anaconda amakhala. Zosungira momwe akukhalamo, algae zambiri zimamera ndi masamba otuwa komanso achikaso omwe amabisa njoka.
Mafupa a anaconda agawidwa mumtengo ndi mchira. Mthupi la nyama, pamakhala ma vertebrae okwana 435. Nthiti za njoka ndiyoseweretsa chifukwa chake, zikaimeza, zimatha kumwazikana mtunda wautali. Mtima wokwawa umayenda kuti usasungidwe ndi zodyedwa. Anaconda omwe adya amawoneka zachilendo, ali ndi kukula kwakukulu pakati. Makulidwe amthupi m'malo ano amakhala okulirapo. Kusuntha kumakhala kovuta komanso kuthamanga.
Mu chigaza cha njoka pamakhala cholumikizira cholumikizira. Mafupa ake amalumikizidwa ndi mafupa am'mimba, omwe amalola kuti anaconda atsegule pakamwa pake kuti ameze nyama.
Mphuno ndi maso zili kumtunda kwa mutu, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wopumira ndikuwona zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira, ndikukweza pang'ono pamwamba pamadzi. Anaconda amatha kuteteza wozunzidwa, kwanthawi yayitali kukhala pansi pa madzi ndikukhala wosaoneka. Zamoyo zouluka mwadzidzidzi. Maso a njoka amapangidwa kuti azilondola kuyenda kwa nyama, koma osayang'ana maso ake kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati chinthu chosakira sichingasunthike, chokwawa chimatha kuwona.
Khungu limakhala lonenepa komanso louma, chifukwa thupi silikhala ndi timimba ta mucous pansi. Makanda amtunduwu ndiwotuwa. Kukhetsa kumachitika nthawi imodzi, khungu lakale limatayidwa ngati masitokosi.
Anaconda satulutsa poizoni. Mbale ikalowa chilonda, kuledzera kwa thupi kumachitika. Zowonongeka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mano a njoka ndizopweteka. Kulumwa kumazizidwa ndipo kumachira kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilombo amapezeka mano mano. Mano pawokha ndi aatali komanso oonda, motero amalowerera mosavuta. Kugonjetsedwa mwachilengedwe kumeneku ndi kowopsa makamaka ngati kulibe njira yopeza chithandizo chamankhwala, chifukwa nyengo yofananira imayambitsa chitukuko champhamvu cha kutupa.
Kutalika
Kutalika kwa njoka ndi 4-5 metres. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi. Kutalika, ma pythons oganiza bwino amadutsa anaconda, koma osalemera. Kulemera kwa akazi kumafika 70 kg, ndipo unyinji wocheperako wa amuna ang'ono ndi 30 kg. Kulemera kwa anaconda kuposa unyinji wa piramidi wachifumu, womwe ndi njoka yayitali kwambiri.
Anaconda amakula moyo wonse. Poyamba ndi njira yamkuntho, koma pambuyo pake imachedwa, koma osayima.
Amakhulupirira kuti njoka ikhoza kutalika kuposa 5m. Anaconda wamkulu anali munthu woyezera mita 24. Komabe, izi sizitsimikiziridwa. Kukhalapo kwa chimphona cha anaconda, akatswiri a sayansi amafufuza. Mwapadera, anaconda wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi adagwidwa ku Venezuela - uyu ndi wamkazi yemwe ali ndi kutalika kwa 5 metres 21 sentimita. Kulemera kwake kunali makilogalamu 97,5. Uwu ndiye nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe yagwidwa. Asayansi amati m'chilengedwe mungapeze toyesa chachikulu, chotalika kuposa mita, kuposa 6m 70 cm.
Komwe anacondas amakhala
Njokayo imakhala ku South America, kudera lake lotentha (nkhalango). Mutha kukumana ndi anaconda kum'mawa kwa Andes, ku Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador ndi Colombia. Zimapezekanso kum'mawa kwa Paraguay, kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi ku Bolivia. Njoka zikuluzikulu zopezeka pachilumba cha Trinidad.
Ndizovuta kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa njoka, chifukwa dziko la anaconda ndilovuta kuti anthu alifikire. Chifukwa cha izi, palibe deta yeniyeni yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwakukula kapena kuchepa kwa anthu amtunduwu. Akatswiri a sayansi atsimikiza kuti pakadali pano anaconda sadzaopsezedwa kuti atha.
Ku malo osungira nyama, mitundu ikuluikuluyi ya njoka ilipo yambiri, ngakhale panali zovuta zingapo popereka njirayi kuti ikhale ndi moyo. Kukhalapo kwa nkhokwe yosungiramo anthu koteroko kukusonyeza kuti nyamayo singakhale panjira yoti iwonongeke.
Njoka ikafika pachithaphwi kapena kumtsinje, popanda chingwe cholimba. Zirombo zimatsalira, m'malo osungira, nthawi zonse. Ikauma, amasamukira kumalo ena. Nthawi yachilala, njokayo ikamaona ngati kuti palibe madzi pafupi, imabisala pamatope ndikugwa m'malo obisika, mvula isanayambe. Madzi atangobwerera, anaconda amatuluka mu stupor yake ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wokangalika.
Nthawi zambiri njoka imakhala m'madzi. Amatenga pang'ono kupita kumtunda ndi kumtunda kukakhala padzuwa, kudziunjikira kutentha. Anaconda amatha kukwera nthambi zamitengo yayikulu pomwe imagonapo, ikudikirira padzuwa.
Ulusi wa njoka umadutsa pansi pa madzi. Chamoyo chimazirala ndi zinthu ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimachotsa khungu lakale. Njira zoterezi zimawonedwa makamaka muukapolo, popeza kuyang'anira anaconda ndizovuta.
Kodi chimadya chiyani?
Njoka ndi nyama yolusa. Chakudya chake chimakhala ndi nyama, mbalame, ndi zokwawa. Nthawi zina, anaconda amasiyanitsa zakudya ndi nsomba. Vuto lalikulu la njoka yayikulu yomwe imatha kugwira ndi:
Akuluakulu amatsutsana ndi caimans, capybaras ndi ophika mkate. Nthawi zambiri nyama yolusa imeneyi imalowetsa njoka. Kumenya nkhondo ndi munthu wamkulu ndi ngozi kwa anaconda, motero sikumafuna mkangano. Zimakhala zovuta kuti njoka idye munthu wotere.
Anthu ena amatha kupha ndi kudya njoka zina. M'malo osungira nyama, cholembedwa chinalembedwera pomwe mgulu wautali wa mamilimita awiri ndi awiri udadyedwa ndi anaconda.
Chokwawa kwa nthawi yayitali chimabisalira. Nyama ikagona mokwanira, njokayo imazigunda, ndikudzikulunga ndi thupi lonse. Anaconda samathyola mafupa a wozunzidwayo, kapena kuphwanya ziwalo zake zamkati. Imfa ya nyamayo imabwera chifukwa cha kukomoka, chifukwa njoka siimalola munthu kupumira, kufinya dera la mapapu.
Chakudya chonse chimameza. Atatulutsa pakamwa pake ndi pakhosi, njokayo imatambasukira wovutayo ngati kutulutsa. Pali nthawi zina zomwe anaconda, akamameza, amavulala kwambiri. Akatswiri azachilengedwe akukhulupirira kuti njokayo sadziwa kuwerengera kukula kwa nyama ndipo sawona ngozi pakudya chinthu chachikulu. Nthawi zambiri zimafa njoka zomwe zimameza nyama yomwe ili ndi zikhadabo, nyanga kapena sikelo yoluka.
Kodi zimabala bwanji?
Anaconda amakhala nthawi yayitali yonse. Mukamakhwima, zinzake zimapanga magulu akuluakulu. Nthawi imeneyi igwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamvula, yomwe a Amazon akumana nayo mu Epulo ndi Meyi. Akazi amasiya njira yanunkhira yapadera yomwe amuna amapeza. Pali lingaliro kuti njokayo imasiya fungo labwino kwa mnzake wamtsogolo padziko lapansi ndikutulutsa zofanana mlengalenga, ndikuwonjezera kufulumira kwa kufalikira.
Nthawi zambiri, mukamayandikira wamkazi mmodzi, yemwe amakhala wodekha, amuna ambiri osangalala amasamba. Zotsatira zake, mpira wa njoka umapangidwa. Pakadali pano, chifukwa cha khungu lapadera la njokayo, kumveka kulira kwa njoka.
Kubala kumatenga miyezi 6-7. Chifukwa cha kulephera kudya mokwanira, mkazi amataya kawiri. Izi sizikhudza mkhalidwe wake.
Anaconda amatanthauza njoka za ovoviviparous. Kukula kwa ana kumachitika mthupi. Kites amabadwa atapangidwa. Chiwerengero chonse cha ana ndi 3040 kites. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zazikazi zazikulu zimabereka ana 100. Kutalika kwa akhanda ndi 50-80 cm.
Nthawi zina, anaconda sangadzitse mazira mthupi, koma amawagoneka. Chochitika choterechi chimawonedwa ngati chapadera ndipo chimangokhala chazikazi zokha zomwe zatha mphamvu zomwe sizingalolere kupangidwa kwa njoka mthupi.
Adani
Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo komanso kulemera kwawo, zazimayi zazikazi sizimakhala zazizolowezi. Amuna nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa ndi anyani, cougars, ndi caimans. Nthawi zina, akuluakulu osokoneza bongo amaukira achinyamata. Milandu ya cannibalism yawonekeranso.
Ngozi yayikulu ndi munthu. Mitundu yakumaloko imakonda nyama yokweza, yomwe imakoma kwambiri komanso yopatsa thanzi. Kusaka anaconda sikuwonetsedwa ngati kowopsa, chifukwa kuopa anthu ndipo sikuwonetsa mkwiyo wankhanza, kuyesa kuwopseza wotsutsa ndikubisala. Khungu la njoka limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zojambula zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwa alendo.
Utali wamoyo
Kutalika kwa njoka sikumakhazikitsidwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri malo okhala anacondas amakhala kochepa kuposa momwe mbalame zimakhalira m'malo awo okhala. Ali mu ukapolo, njoka imakhala zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, pamene zaka zovomerezeka za anaconda m'chilengedwe zimatenga zaka 28. Mwina chonde chimatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa deta, milandu yotere sinadziwike. Ndiomwe angayimire owerengeka owopsa a zomwe zimadziwika.
Akatswiri azomera kusiyanasiyana angapo anaconda: achifumu, chimphona ndi chikaso. Amakhalanso ndi moyo komanso zakudya zofanana. Kusiyana kwakukulu komwe mawonekedwe awo ali nawo ndi mtundu ndi kukula.
Anaconda ndi njoka yapadera. Mtundu wotentha, wopanda poizoniyu umatha kufikira kuchuluka kwakukulu. Phunziro la njoka limapitilizabe. Zachilengedwe zikupitilirabe kudabwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi anthu okhalamo.
Kodi anaconda amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Anaconda magawo ake onse amakula, kumayambiriro kwambiri, kenako njirayo imayamba kuchepa. Sinthani kuchuluka kwa miyoyo chimphona zalephera. Wazaka 5-6 utali wamoyo pafupifupi, koma njoka yazaka 28 inapezeka. Chilombochi chitha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka liti chimadziwika ndi Mulungu yekha.
Zomwe zimadya anaconda
Giant anaconda kusaka m'madzi kapena pagombe. Amangodikirira nyama, osakakamira, kenako akumenya mwamphamvu ndi kukulira wozunzayo. Wogwiriridwa amamwalira ndi kukomoka, ndipo osati konse chifukwa cha fupa losweka. Nthawi zina, anaconda agwira nyama ndi mano ake ndi kumeza. Amadya akamba, mbalame zoyandama, agalu, abuluzi, capybaras, ophika mkate, capybaras, agouti, caimans, tupinanbis komanso ziweto zazikulu zanjoka.Khalani olanda ndi ziweto monga amphaka, agalu, ndi nkhuku. Anaconda kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kukhala wopanda chakudya, chifukwa chakudya chimagwidwa kwa milungu ingapo.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za anacondas
Anthu anali ndi mantha anacondas ndipo adamuwona ngati njoka yamagazi, pomwepo, adawukapo kamnyamata kena kamtundu waku India.
• Anthu adalonjeza ndalama zazikulu chimphona 9 metres, koma kutalika kwake sikupitilira 6 metres 70 cm.
• Ku America, anaconda anali munthu wabwino komanso wowopsa kwambiri pamafilimu.
• Anaconda Sangathe kudwalitsa wovulalayo ndi maso! Amatha kungolowetsedwa mu fungo lawo lakuthengo.