Pali mitundu itatu ya akamba osowa aku Madagascar mu mtundu. Mndandanda wofiira wa IUCN ndi Zowonjezera I za Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse zimaphatikizira chingwe chowoneka bwino cha A. radial a ndi chipolopolo cha ku Madagasco chokhala ndi chifuwa cha A. yniphora. Mgwirizano: Astrochelys yniphora, Angonoka yniphora. Atha kuphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa Geochelone kapena Testudo
Mtundu wa Madola radiano radioise T. ndiwokongola kwambiri, kufikira theka la mita kutalika. Chigoba chake chakuda kwambiri chimakongoletsedwa ndi cheza chowala chachikasu chopatuka pakati kapena kuchokera pakona ya chishango chilichonse. Kambukuyu ndi ambiri pachilumbachi ndipo amagwidwa ndi unyinji chifukwa cha nyama yake yokoma. Kuphatikiza pa chingwe chowala, mitundu inanso iwiri imakhala ku Madagascar - mtundu wa Madagasco beak-chested (T. yniphora) ndi tortoise (T. planicauda). Zotsirizirazi ndizodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako - anthu akuluakulu sapitirira 12 cm kutalika.
Milandu yolumikizidwa ndi mitengo ku Madagascar, kapena Angonok Asterochelys yniphora (Vaillant, 1885)
Bungwe la IUCN Rare Species Commission lazitcha kuti ndi imodzi mwamagulu 12 mwa nyama “zosatetezeka” kwambiri padziko lapansi. Matenda a Madagascar. Ufuluwo ndi waukulu kukula komanso kutalika kwa carapace mpaka masentimita 45, koma anthu mpaka theka la mita kutalika amadziwika. Carapace ndiwokwera kwambiri komanso pulasitrosi yotsogola kwambiri, yomwe imathandizira kuyenda mumiyala yayitali.
Utoto wake si wowala komanso wokopa ngati wa mitundu A. Yofanana ndi mtundu wa radiata, koma ndiwothandiza kwambiri;
Kugawidwa kwamtunduwu kwamtunduwu kumangokhala dera laling'ono m'chigawo cha Bali Bay kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chilumbachi, komwe kuli zisumbu zazing'ono zitatu zokha za nkhalango yoyamba. Imakonda zisumbu zouma, nkhalango zowirira zomwe zimapezeka dzuwa, komanso ma savannah a anthropogenic. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala - mu nthawi yadzuwa komanso nyengo yotentha masana kwambiri, ndipo m'miyezi ina usiku komanso nthawi yotentha imakhala ilibe ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo otseguka ndi zakudya zam'mera, pomwe m'nkhwawa zazingwe mumakhala chitetezo chodalirika.
Pafupifupi herbivorous. Khalidwe laukwati ndi lofanana ndi la A. radiata. Akazi anagona mazira oyera a 6-6 okhala ndi mainchesi a 42-47 mm ndi unyinji wa 40.5-50 g. Mazira amawaika m'matumba omwe adaikidwa mu dothi mpaka 11 cm.
Ziwerengero ndizochepa kwambiri. Kuchulukana kwambiri pamalo osungidwa sikupitilira anthu asanu pa 1 km2. Chiwerengero chonse cha 100 km2 chawonetsedwa pa anthu 250-300 okha. Pafupifupi anthu 50 amasungidwa.
Kwa zaka zisanu (maola 375), kufufuza kwachilengedwe kudawonetsa anthu asanu okha. Mwa awa, anayi adapezeka mdera la Ankoro ku Cape Sada.
Kugwiririra ntchito kwa zakudya ndi malonda ku Madagas kunalibe kanthu, koma adatumizidwa ndi amalonda aku Arab kuyambira 17th mpaka 1900 century. kupita ku Comoros kunachitika kwakukulu. Kwa anthu akumderali ku Bali Bay, nyamayi ndi yopatulika, koma mitundu ina imatha kudya kamba ka chakudya.
Kutetezedwa ndi lamulo ku Madagascar. Kutumiza kumakhala kocheperako. Kuteteza malo okhala zachilengedwe ndizofunikira. Pakati pa malo osungidwa, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chitetezo cha mazira ndi nyama zazing'ono kuchokera ku nkhumba.
Turtles adagona kumalo osungira a Honolulu, New York ndi San Antonio. Zomwe zinachitika ku Honolulu. Ndikofunikira kupanga mafamu opanga zobereketsa.
30.08.2016
Kamba wam'mutu wamkulu (lat. Platysternon megacephalum) pakali pano ndiye woimira banja la Platysternidae. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ndi kukhalapo kwa wachibale wamkulu ndi thupi lamutu, wokutidwa ndi chikopa chachikulu cholimba.
Kamba uyu sangathe kukoka mutu wake pansi pa chigobacho. Malekezero ndi mchira sizimachokeranso kwathunthu, chifukwa chake, kuti atiteteze ku zilombo, ali ndi zishango za nyanga pamwamba.
Kufalitsa
Malo omwe amakhala ndi omwe ali kumayiko a Southeast Asia. Imapezeka ku Vietnam, Burma, Thailand komanso zigawo zakumwera kwa China. Mpaka pano, ma subspecies atatu amadziwika.
Zoyala zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhazikika m'madzi oyera momwe zimakhalira mwachangu komanso pansi pathanthwe. Amakhala ofunikira kwambiri pakuyeretsa kwamadzi ndipo samaloleza kuipitsa kulikonse.
Mwa anthu am'deralo, kamba wam'mutu wamkulu amaonedwa kuti ndiwopatsa chidwi, motero nyamazo zatsala pang'ono kutha. Pakadali pano, ma subspecies 4 amadziwika.
Khalidwe
Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi chakudya cha nyama ndi masamba. Masana, kamba amapanga padzuwa kapena amabisala pakati pamiyala pafupi ndi madzi. Ndi kumayambira kwamdima, akumka kukafunafuna chakudya.
Amadyetsa makamaka nsomba zazing'ono ndi ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono. Popanda nsomba, imasinthira kubzala chakudya, chakudya chitha kupezeka chokha m'madzi ndi pamtunda.
Imakonda kuzolowera ukapolo, pomwe imakonda kudya masamba a kabichi ndi nthochi. Masentimita oboweka.
Kusambira kochokera kumutu wakutali sikofunika, nthawi zambiri amangoyenda pansi.
Chifukwa cha miyendo yake yoluka, chamoyocho chimakwiririka mosavuta ngati mitengo ndi zitsamba. Akamamuukira, zilombo sizimabisala, koma nthawi yomweyo muukire wozunza. Amatha kubweretsa zowawa kwambiri kwa wozunza. Kulimba mtima kotereku kukufotokozedwa ndikuti m'malo omwe amakhala momwemo mulibe adani achilengedwe.
Kuswana
Oimira amtundu wa Platysternon megacephalum amatha kubereka chaka chonse. Gawo lokangalika kwambiri la kubereka limachitika nthawi ya Okutobala mpaka Meyi.
Zachikazi nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi mazira awiri okha. Kulakwitsa nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Julayi-Seputembala ndipo kumakhala kupsinjika pang'ono m'nthaka. Akazi amaikira mazira pansi ndikusamala dothi pamwamba pawo. Akamba ang'ono amapanga chisa kuchoka pachisa ndikathamangira kumadzi.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa caropace ya anthu akuluakulu kumafika masentimita 18-20. Chipolopolochi ndi chopakati, chofiirira. Mchirawo ndi wautali, wofanana kutalika kwa thupi, motero umapatsanso zina zofananira ndi ng'ona. Mlomo wawukulu wakuthwa.
Zovala zazikulu zimamera kumapeto kwa zala. Swimming membranes kulibe.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa kamba wamkulu pamutu wa vivo ndi pafupifupi zaka 20.
Mawonekedwe
Kamba wamtundu wocheperako, wokhala ndi chipolopolo mpaka 20 cm, ali ndi mutu wawukulu wopanda malire, wokutidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi chikopa chimodzi cholimba. Khosi lake ndi lalitali komanso lam'manja, koma mutu, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, sukutembenukiranso. Nsagwada yapamwamba yokhala ndi mulomo wakuthwa pansi. Carapace imathinitsidwa kwambiri, miyendo ndi mchira wautali kwambiri sungatulutsidwe mkatikati, kotero mbali zakunja za miyendo ndi mchira zimakutidwa ndi zikopa zazikulu za horny kuti zititeteze. Zala zake zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zazifupi koma zolimba ndipo sizikhala ndi nembanemba.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa turtle wamkulu waku Madagascar.
Turtle wamkulu waku Madagascar ali ndi chipolopolo cholimba cha mtundu wa bulauni wakuda mawonekedwe a utoto wotsika, kuteteza mbali zofewa za thupi. Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo, wa bulauni wokhala ndi mbali zachikaso. Kukula kwa turtle ndi oposa masentimita 50. Ili ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa: Mutu pakhosi sunachotseke konse ndikupita chammbali mkati mwa carapace, osati molunjika ndi kumbuyo, ngati mitundu ina ya akamba. Akamba akale, keel yokomoka imadutsa chipolopolo.
Fote wamkulu ku Madagascar (Erymnochelys madagascariensis)
Palibe malo owonera m'mphepete. Plastron wopakidwa utoto wowala. Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, zala zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba, ndipo zimapanga timinthu tosambira. Khosi lalitali limakweza mutu wake ndikulola kuti turtle ipume pamwamba pa madzi popanda kuwonetsa thupi lonse kwa omwe angadye. Akamba ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a mizere yakuda pa chipolopolo, koma mawonekedwewo amazimiririka ndi zaka.
Habitats of the Turad-head turtle.
Turtle wamkulu wa ku Madagascar amakonda malo onyowa osakhazikika, omwe amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe imayenda pang'onopang'ono, m'madziwe ndi m'madambo. Nthawi zina amakhala pamiyala, kuzilumba, atazunguliridwa ndi mitengo ndi mitengo. Monga mitundu inanso ya akamba, imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ndikuyandikira kwambiri pakati. Pamtunda amasankhidwa kuti angoyikira mazira.
Masanjidwe
Masanjidwe anayi a kamba wamkulu wamutu amadziwika:
- Platysternon megacephalum megacephalum Grey, 1831
- Platysternon megacephalum peguense Gray, 1870
- Platysternon megacephalum vogeli Wermuth, 1969
- Platysternon megacephalum tristernalis Tverson, 1986
Kamba wam'mutu wamkulu komanso bambo
M'mayiko a Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, akambuku akuluakulu amadyedwa, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa anthu kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Fuleti amasungidwa m'malo obisalamo madzi. Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala 20-25 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya 26-30 ° C. M'malo osungira amayenera kuyikapo miyala ndi dothi loterera, poterera pamwamba. Akamba amakwera pa iwo kapena kubisala m'madzi pansi. Zikhazikiko m'madzi okhala ndi khomo lalikulu ndizofunikanso kuti njoka zisamiremo.
Monga chakudya gwiritsani ntchito mbewa zatsopano, nsomba ndi nyama ya chule.
Pali nthawi zina zoweta bwino za nyama izi mu ukapolo.
- Kamba wam'mutu wamkulu
Kukula kwa kamba wamkulu wamutu waku Madagascar.
Akamba akuluakulu aku Madagascar amafalikira kupitilira 20,000 sq. Km, koma malo ogawikirako ndi osakwana 500,000 sq. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chomwe chilipo, pafupifupi zokwana 10,000 ndizomwe zimakhala, zomwe zimapanga 20 zochulukitsa. Akamba akuluakulu okhala ndi mitu ku Madache akukumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero, chomwe chikuyerekezedwa ndi 80% pazaka 75 zapitazi (mibadwo itatu) ndipo, malinga ndi kulosera, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kukupitirirabe mtsogolo mwachangu. Mtunduwu umakhala pachiwopsezo molingana ndi zovomerezeka.
Mtengo kwa munthuyo.
Akamba akuluakulu akuMadagascar amapeza mosavuta maukonde, misampha ya nsomba ndi mbedza, amagwidwa ngati asodzi wamba. Nyama ndi mazira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ku Madagascar. Akamba akuluakulu okhala ndi mutu waku Madagascar amagwidwa ndikuwachotsa pachilumbachi kuti akagulitse ku misika ya Asia, komwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kwanthaŵi yayitali kukonzekera ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe zamakolo. Kuphatikiza apo, boma la Madagascar limapereka chiwongola dzanja chochepa pachaka chogulitsa nyama zingapo kunja. Chiwerengero chochepa cha anthu ochokera kumisonkhanitsa yamseri amagulitsidwa pamalonda apadziko lonse, kuphatikiza akamba am'madzi aku Madagascar.
Ziwopsezo ku kamba wa mutu waku Madagascar.
Kamba wamkulu waku Madagascar akuwopseza ziwerengero zake chifukwa chachitukuko cha nthaka ya mbewu zaulimi.
Kuchepetsa nkhalango zofunikira zaulimi komanso kupanga matabwa kumawononga chilengedwe cha Madagascar ndipo zimadzetsa nthaka.
Kuchepetsa kwa mitsinje ndi nyanja kumakhala ndi vuto, kusintha malo okhala mitu yayikulu kwambiri ya ku Madagaska yomwe siyingavomerezedwe.
Malo omwe ali ndi zidutswa zambiri zimayambitsa mavuto ena pakubwezeretsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kuthirira minda ya mpunga kumasintha ma hydrological boma lamadzi ndi mitsinje ya mtsinje wa Madagaska, kupanga madamu, madamu, malo osungira kumabweretsa kusintha kwa nyengo.
Anthu ambiri amakhala kunja kwa malo otetezedwa, koma ngakhale omwe amakhala mkati otetezedwa amakumana ndi mavuto anthropogenic.
Malo otetezedwa ndi phokoso lalikulu ku Madagascar.
Fulu lalikulu lakuMadagascar limatetezedwa ndi Annex II wa Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES, 1978), womwe umaletsa kugulitsa mtunduwu kumayiko ena.
Mtunduwu umatetezedwa kwathunthu ndi malamulo a Madagascar.
Anthu ambiri amakhala m'malo otetezeka. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timakhala m'malo otetezeka makamaka zachilengedwe.
Mu Meyi 2003, Tortoise Protection Fund inafalitsa mndandanda woyamba wa njoka 25 zomwe zatsala pang'ono kupezeka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ufulu wokhala ndi mutu waku Madagascan. Bungweli lili ndi malingaliro azaka zisanu zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuweta akapolo ndi kubwezeretsanso mitundu ya nyama, zoletsa malonda, komanso kupanga malo opulumutsa, ntchito zachilengedwe zam'deralo, ndi mapulogalamu othandizira anthu kuti adziwe.
Fund ya Zinyama Zakuthengo ya Darrell imadziperekanso ndalama zake kuteteza kambuku kochokera ku Madagascar. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi palimodzi zithandizira kuti mitunduyi ipulumuke momwe imakhalira mwachilengedwe.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.