Dzina lachi Latin: | Scolopax rusticola |
Chizungu: | Ikufotokozedwa |
Ufumu: | Nyama |
Mtundu: | Chordate |
Gulu: | Mbalame |
Kufikira: | Charadriiformes |
Banja: | Snipe |
Chifundo: | Woodcocks |
Kutalika kwa thupi: | 33-38 masentimita |
Kutalika kwa mapiko: | Ikufotokozedwa |
Wingspan: | 55-65 cm |
Kulemera: | 210-460 g |
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame
Chithunzi cha Woodcock
Woodcock ndi nsapato yayikulu yokhala ndi physique yolimba komanso mlomo wautali wolunjika. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo kumachokera pa 33 mpaka 38 cm, mapiko ndi 55-65 cm, kulemera kwake kumachokera 210 mpaka 460 g.Ulumayo nthawi zambiri umakhala wotuwa, wokhala ndi utoto, wakuda, imvi kapena lofiira pamutu. Tummy ndiyopepuka, kirimu kapena chikasu chikasu, chokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mtundu uwu ndi mtundu wamtundu wa mbalame pakati pa masamba a chaka chatha. Mlomo wa Woodcock ndi wowongoka, wozungulira, wotalika mpaka 7 cm. Maso ali okwera, ndipo mawonekedwe ozungulira a mbalameyo ndi 360 °. Mzere wakuda wakuda umayenda pakati pa khwangwala ndi m'maso. Pamutu, kuwala kumodzi ndi mikwingwirima yamdima yayitali imawonekeranso kuchokera kumwamba. Mapiko ake ndi otambalala, afupi, kuthawa akufanana ndi kadzidzi. Kukonda amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikufanana nawo, ndipo mbalame zazing'onozi mapiko awo ndizosiyana pang'ono.
Zomwe zimadya
Woodcocks nthawi zambiri amadya padziko lapansi, ndipo mbalame zimafunikira malo okhala ndi dothi labwino kuti dothi likhalepo. Nkhuni zimaphatikizanso tizilombo tokhala ndi mphutsi zake (ma kafadala, makhungwa amaso, mphero), akangaude ndi sawclies mukudya kwawo. Itha kudyetsanso ma feed azomera zomera: mbewu za oats, chimanga, mbewu zosiyanasiyana, udzu, udzu. Panthawi yosamukira, opikisana nawo ndi ochita kusokonekera amakhala ngati nkhonya zamatabwa.
Woodcock nthawi zambiri amapita kukakolola madzulo kapena usiku, kupita kudambo kapena kugombe la chithaphwi pafupi ndi nkhalango. Kuti ipeze nyongolotsi kapena mphutsi, mbalame imalowetsa mulomo mwachindunji. Mitsempha yokhala kumapeto kwake imathandizira kuyenda komwe kumachitika pansi panthaka ndikuthandizira nkhuni kupeza chakudya.
Kufalikira kwa mbalame
Malo okhala ku Woodcock ndi nkhalango komanso malo okhala nkhalango ku Eurasia, kuyambira kumapiri a Pyrenees kumadzulo mpaka ku gombe la Pacific kum'mawa. Kuphatikiza pamtunda waukulu, mbalameyi imagawidwa ku Canary, Azores ndi British Isles, pachilumba cha Madeira, ku Japan.
Mbalame yosamukira kapena ayi
Ambiri mwa anthu amtchire amakhala osamukasamuka. Woodcocks nyengo yachisanu kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Europe, kumpoto kwa Africa, ku Iran, Afghanistan, India, Ceylon ndi maiko a Indochina. Ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimapezeka kuzilumba za ku Atlantic Ocean komanso kumayiko aku Western Europe.
Kusunthira kwa malowedwe kumachitika nthawi ya chisanu choyamba ndipo kumachitika m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Novembala. Asanasamuke, "kuphulika" kwachikhalidwe kumachitika ngati mitengo yamatabwa imawoneka m'malo omwe sichinakhalepo kale. Kusunthika kwa kasupe kumachitika koyambirira kwa February. Pakutha kwa Marichi kapena pakati pa Meyi, mbalame zimawulukira kumalo awo okhalamo. Mbalame zambiri zimabwerera komwe zidabadwira.
Woodcocks chisa m'nthaka yowuma kapena yosakanikirana m'nkhalango, pomwe dothi ndi lonyowa ndipo pamakhala dothi lakuthwa la raspberries, hazel, holly holly, cliff, blueberries, ferns. Pafupifupi ndi malo okhala nesting payenera kukhala dziwe laling'ono lomwe lili ndi dambo louma, momwe mbalame zimafunafuna chakudya, ndi magawo owuma kuti azisangalala.
American Woodcock (mwana wa Scolopax)
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi thupi lozungulira, miyendo yayifupi, mutu waukulu wozungulira, komanso mulomo wamtali wolunjika. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 25 mpaka 30 cm, unyinji wa akulu 140-230 g. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna.
Zowonjezerazo ndizokongola, kuphatikiza zofiirira, imvi komanso zakuda. Pa pachifuwa ndi m'mbali mwake zimasintha kuchokera kuzikasu zachikasu kukhala zamkuwa. Mtundu wakuda, wokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima itatu kapena inayi ya utoto wofiirira. Miyendo ndi yaying'ono, yofooka, yofiirira kapena yofiirira.
Mitunduyi imapezeka kum'mawa kwa North America.
Kufalitsa kwa Woodcock
Woodcocks amapanga awiriawiri kokha nthawi yayitali ya kuswana. Kutha kwa chisanu usiku, kumapeto kwa nyengoyo, mbalame imayamba nyengo ya kuyamwa, yomwe imadziwonetsera mu ndege zonyamula usiku. Amuna ambiri amagwira ntchito kwambiri dzuwa litalowa komanso pakati pausiku, komanso mbandakucha. Nthawi yomweyo, amphongo amawuluka pang'onopang'ono, kutsika pakamwa pawo, pamwamba pamiyendo ndi "kulira", amapanga mawu okokomeza omwe amathera ndi likhweru lalikulu, "kubuula". Kuledzera kotereku kumayambira theka lachiwiri la Epulo ndipo kumatha mpaka pakati pa Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Pa nthawi yowuluka yamphongo pansi, m'mipata, m'makope, m'mphepete, m'mbali zazikazi zimawadikirira. Mphepo yamphongo yaimuna ikasokonekera, ndiye kuti ndewu zimachitika. Akamva kuyankha kwa mkazi muudzu, mwamunayo amatsikira kwa iye ndipo ma banja angapo masiku angapo. Akakwatirana, wamwamuna amasiya chachikazi mpaka kale ndikuyamba kufunafuna mnzake. Nyengo, amuna amphongo amakhala ndi akazi atatu.
Mwa chisa, nkhuni yazikazi imasankha gawo la khungu. Chisa ndi dzenje pansi, pansi pa chitsamba kapena pakati pa nthambi zinagwa, zomwe mbalame zimayenda ndi masamba chakale, singano, udzu, mbewa. Kutalika kwa thireyi ndi mpaka 15 cm, makulidwe a zinyalala amachokera 20 mpaka 30 mm.
Mu malo amodzi mumakhala zopaka zinayi zofiirira kapena zofiirira zokhala ndi timabowo tofiirira komanso taimvi ndi mazira owala. Mukataya kumanga koyamba, mkazi amatengera kwachiwiri. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 22 mpaka 24. Zikatero, chachikazi chimachoka pachisa pokhapokha pangozi.
Ma ntchentche amabadwa achikasu achikasu ndi nthenga zazikulu za imvi komanso zofiirira za nthenga. Ngati zilombo zioneka pafupi ndi chisa, chachikazicho chimakuwa ndikumuchotsa kutali ndi chisa. Kwa masiku 10 amoyo, nthenga zimawonekera mwa anapiye, zimayamba kuchuluka, ndipo pakatha milungu isanu ndi itatu zimakhala ndi mapiko.
Mawu a Woodcock
Woodcocks ndi mbalame zokhala chete, kupatula nyengo yakukhwima, pamene nthawi yakukhwima, yamphongo imayamba kulira, koma euphonic imamveka kuuluka, komwe asaka amatcha "kulira". Mmenemo timapeto tokwera pang'ono pang'ono pamamveka mawu akuti "cyc-cyc", omwe amveka kutali ndi mamita 300. Amuna amathamangitsa omenyera ake ndi kufuula kwa "plip-plip-pis".
Zambiri zosangalatsa za mbalame
- Dzinalo la Russia ndi "nkhuni" wochokera ku Germany ndipo limamasulira kuti "sandpiper". Komanso mbalameyi imadziwika ndi dzina loti Boron Sandpiper, Red Sandpiper, Pike, Harebird, Birch, Boletus.
- Maso a Woodcock ali pambali ya mutu kotero kuti mbali yoyang'ana mbalameyo ili pafupifupi 360 °.