Giredi: Mammalia (Mammals)
Subclass: Theria (Nyama zoyamwitsa, nyama zenizeni)
Chinsinsi: Placentalia (Madera, Zamoyo Zambiri)
Suborder / Order: Glires (Rodent)
Order / Order: Rodentia (Makoswe)
Suborder / Order: Myomorpha (mbewa)
Zabwino Kwambiri: Muroidea (mbewa)
Banja: Cricetidae (Hamster, kapena Hamster)
Subfamily: Cricetinae (Hamsters)
Jenda: Mesocricetus (Medium Hamsters)
Onani: Mesocricetus brandti (Brandt Hamster)
Amakhala ku Asia - mapiri komanso malo amtunda aku Western (kumadzulo kwa Iran, Turkey), Asia Minor ndi Transcaucasia. Zimapezekanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Ciscaucasia m'zipululu komanso kumapiri kwa Dagestan kumwera komanso kum'mawa kwa mtsinje. Sulaka (Buinaksk, Chir-Yurt, Buglen, ndi ena otero) Ku Transcaucasus, malo osiyanasiyana a Brandt's hamster ndi osakhalitsa, magawo ake akutali amadziwika mu Shirak steppe (Iorsky ndi Kartalinsky plateaus) komanso pakati ndi kumwera kwa Georgia (Tbilisi, Caspi, Kachreti, Karazara ndi zina). Ndiwochulukira kumadera ambiri akumapiri a Littleer Caucasus, makamaka madera akumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo, ku Nagorno-Karabakh ndi mapiri a Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ndi Talysh.
Kukula kwake mpaka 15 cm, kutalika kwa mchira mpaka 3,9 cm.
Mtundu pamwamba pamaso amtundu wa bulawuni, cheki chamtambo chakuda, chikasu chachikasu chachikulu, cholumikizidwa ndi khutu-kumbuyo, kuyambira kuyera mpaka kuwala, phulusa, malo akuda pachifuwa.
Ali ndimatama.
Ma hamsters awa ndi mafoni, ozolowera kukhala malo okhala, chifukwa chake amamwa madzi pang'ono, amagwira ntchito usiku.
Kwapadera kwambiri, ziyenera kusungidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi.
Samalumikizana ndi munthu.
Kukula kwake osayenera a hamster a Brandt ayenera kukhala osachepera 50x30 cm, momwe angathere. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito khola lanyumba imodzi, ndibwino kuyika chimanga kapena chosefera pansi, ndiye kuti mukufunikira gudumu, nyumba, timitengo ta mitengo yamitengo yopera mano, mchere ndi miyala yamchere. Zodyetsa ziwiri ndizabwinoko - kwa chakudya chouma komanso chonyowa, mbale yomwera. Mutha kuyika udzu kapena thaulo loyera m'nyumba.
Mutha kulola hamster kuthamanga pansi pamasewera apadera oyenda.
Utali wamoyo zaka 2.
Kuthengo, hamster wa Brandt amadya mbewu, masamba osiyanasiyana opezeka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Kunyumba, maziko azakudya za hamsters awa ayenera kukhala osakanikirana kwambiri a tirigu - kusankha kwa zakudya m'masitolo azitsamba ndikwabwino. Mutha kuwonjezera zouma gammarus, magawo a kaloti, maapulo, mapeyala, letesi, chimanga, beets, masamba a dandelion, nkhaka kudyetsa.
Kufuna kudya kwambiri.
Kutalika kwa moyo.
Muzikhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo.
Osalumikizana kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, hamsters amavutika ndi kudya kwambiri - muyenera kutsatira mosamala kuchuluka kwa chakudya pakudya.
Ma ectoparasites - nkhupakupa - amatha kupezeka - amachotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi dontho la kutsogolo kwa kufota.
Kuti mubereke, muyenera kubzala hamsters angapo, akazi akuluakulu amabereka kawiri pachaka ndipo amatha kuloledwa kukwatiwa azaka zosachepera miyezi 4. Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala akhungu osavala 12-15 omwe amakula msanga.
Onani mawonekedwe
Monga mitundu ina ya banja la Khomyakov, hamster ya Brandt ili ndi zinthu zina zapadera paumoyo, mawonekedwe ake, zomwe zimaloleza kuti zizigawidwa mofananamo. Musanalandire hamster, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti awa ndioyimira. Pachifukwachi, ndikofunikira kupempha zikalata kuchokera kwa obereketsa omwe akutsimikizira kuti nyamayo idachokera.
Habitat
Kuthengo, makanda amakhala ku Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, ndi kum'mawa kwa Ciscaucasia. M'malo amenewa, nyama zimamanga nyumba zawo pamalo otsetsereka. Mochulukirapo, amakhala kutali ndi malo okhala udzu, chitsamba zam'mapiri, komanso malo omwe munthu amalima. M'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso chinyezi, nyama sizimawoneka.
Nthawi zambiri amatha kupezeka kumapiri a Transcaucasia ndi Western Asia. Apa, makoko nawonso amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi minda yazipatso yomwe ili kumapiri a phirilo. Pachifukwachi, nthawi zambiri alimi omwe amawalima amapangira nkhonya pamadzi, kuti ziwagwire. Ambiri amawafanizira ndi tizirombo taulimi, ngakhale ngati pali chakudya chokwanira, anawo samalanda m'matangadza omwe anthu amapanga.
Mawonekedwe
Zodzikongoletsera, monga anthu ena am'banja la Khomyakov, ali ndi mawonekedwe ena okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- thupi, lalitali masentimita 18,
- kupezeka kwa mchira, mainchesi atatu,
- kulemera kufika 296 magalamu
- wozungulira makutu ang'onoang'ono
- Maso a bulauni amtundu wakuda, amaso amaso pamimba, pali malo akuda pakati pa malembawo.
- kupezeka kwa matumbo oyera.
Monga makoswe ena, ma hamsters amakhala ndimatumba a masaya. Kuchokera kwa iwo kuti lingaliro lowoneka bwino lakuda lakuda limafalikira, ndikugawana mutu m'magawo awiri, mpaka kufikira lamba. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu wa ubweya umayamba kuzizira, motero zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti nyama zodya zilombo zitheke.
Moyo
Brandt's hamster, ngati nthumwi zina za banja la Khomyakov, imakonda kugwira ntchito usiku. Kutalika kwa moyo wake kuthengo popanda zinthu zina zakunja kumatha kukhala zaka ziwiri. Zodzikongoletsera sizikhala m'magulu, magulu. Akakwatirana, amuna amasiya mkaziyo, osatenga nawo mbali maphunziro a ana.
M'nyengo yozizira, hamsters nthawi zambiri amabisala. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imayamba kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala koyambirira ndipo imatha mpaka masiku oyamba a Epulo. Kutentha koyamba kwamasika kukayamba kugwira ntchito, ana amadzuka ndi kutuluka. Kubisa kwa makoswe kumapangidwa motere: amagona masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, kenako amakhala maso kwa masiku angapo, akungoyendayenda kuzungulira mabowo awo, akumadya zophika.
Nyama zaminki zimakumba nthawi yayitali, komabe, zili ndi khomo limodzi ndi kutuluka. Mdzenje mumakhala nthambi zambiri. Mwa iwo nyama imagona, mwa ina imasunga chakudya, kukonza. Kuphatikiza apo, dzenje limakhalapo mu bowo momwe udzu umasungidwamo, pomwe ana amasungika, kubisala.
Zakudya
Maziko a chakudya cha makoswewo amapangidwa ndi ma tubers a zomera ndi mbewu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa kusungira tirigu, nyemba, nyemba ndi chimanga. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pamene nyundo zikhazikika pafupi ndi minda yomwe anthu amalimapo. Ndi aanthu olimbikira, chifukwa chake yesani kudziunjikira chakudya chochuluka momwe mungathere nthawi yachisanu. M'miyezi yotentha ndi yotentha, ana amadyanso tizirombo, mphutsi zawo.
Kuswana
Amuna amapeza chachikazi, okonzeka kukhwima, ndi fungo. Zotheka kuti, panjira yopita kwa iye, akakumana ndi olimbana nawo, nkhondo itha. Kuphatikiza apo, wamwamuna akakumana ndi azimayi ena ambiri panjira yakumayo, wokonzekera umuna, amakwaniritsa ntchito yake ya "conjugal". Kwenikweni, nthawi yobzala imayamba mu Epulo ndipo imatha mu Okutobala.
Mimba yaikazi imatha kukhala mpaka masiku 22. Pakhoza kukhala 20 hamsters mu zinyalala, zomwe zimatumizidwa ku mkate wawo m'mwezi woyamba wamoyo. Okhawo omwe amabadwa hibernation isanayambitse kudalirana ndi amayi awo. Zikatero, imfa ya makanda sichachilendo, popeza, akamakula, amayamba kulimbana pakati pawo, kupikisana chakudya ndi gawo. Munthawi imodzi yobereketsa, yaikazi imatha kubereka ndikukula kuchokera ku malita awiri kapena anayi.
Akazi amadziwika kuti ndi amayi abwino kwambiri chifukwa amasamalira ana awo moyenera. Amuna ambiri ngakhale amayesa kuti asakodze ndi hamsters oyembekezera, popeza amakula kwambiri, amatha kuukira mdani ngati sakonda machitidwe ake kapena fungo lomwe amafalitsa. Ma Hamsters amadya makamaka masamba obiriwira komanso mkaka wa m'mawere.
Hamster ya Brandt kunyumba imafuna chisamaliro. Chifukwa chake, khola liyenera kukhala lalikulu. Ayenera kukhala yekhayo wokhala mmenemu, apo ayi adzamenya nkhondo ndi woyandikana naye, zomwe sizingapangitse kuti afe, komanso amapanga zinthu zovuta zomwe zimalekerera ndi makoswe. Khola liyenera kukhala ndi zokwanira kuchuluka kwa penti kuti zizichita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso lizikakamizidwa kukhazikitsa chodyetsa, mbale yomwera, chimbudzi ndi nyumba. Ndikofunika kuyezetsa ana tsiku ndi tsiku kuti adziwe momwe angayambire kukhazikika kwa matenda opatsirana komanso chotupa omwe angawononge kwambiri moyo wa makanda. Zakudya zawo m'nyumba ziyenera kukhala zabwino, zodzazidwa ndi zinthu zowonjezera za vitamini. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso choyenera, hamsters ogwidwa amakhala ndi zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Burrows ndi yolumikizana m'makoloni, zomwe sizilepheretsa ma hamsters a Brandt kukhalabe ndi zilakobe zamkati mwa amuna: amuna ndi akazi amakhala mosiyana ndi nyengo yakukhwima. Mu gulu la hamsters mumakhala mtsogoleri nthawi zonse, gawo lomwe nthawi zambiri limatengedwa ndi lachikazi. Katundu wa Hamster, ngakhale ali ndi madera akuluakulu, amayikidwa pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa chomwe oyandikana nawo amasiya mabowo mwamphamvu ndi ora, kuyesera kuti asakumane. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku makoswe 25-30 omwe amakhala pafupi, nthawi yomweyo, palibe malo oyandikana atatu omwe amawunika. Dera lanu limadziwika ndi chinsinsi kuchokera ku kutulutsa kwina komwe kuli pa ntchafu yakunja.
Burrows kukumba pamalo okwera, ma hillocks ndi ma mound. Dothi likasunthika kwambiri, kumanjaku kumakhala kovuta komanso kosavuta: munthaka yofewa, mpaka 10 m kutalika ndi 2 mita kuya. Burrows imakhala ndi chipinda chochezera, chipinda chosungira komanso chimbudzi. Chimbudzi chimaphimbidwa nthawi zonse ndi malo, ndipo hamsters amayenera kupanga yatsopano. Hamster ya Brandt ndi yocheperako komanso yosakwiya, koma, pofunafuna malo oyenera, imatha kusintha posachedwa. Ndi chiwopsezo chakunja, samakonda kuthawa. Mukamayesera kuti muchotseremo, hamster imangokhalira kusakondwa, idumpha pachikuto ndikuyesetsa kugwira wolakwayo, ndikuiluma kwambiri komanso molondola.
Ndizosangalatsa! Makoko, ogwidwa pansi, oboola, amatulutsa matumba, ndikukukutira mano ndikuyamba kugwedeza miyendo yake yakutsogolo, kuyesera kugwira mdaniyo ndi zikhadabo zake (zikande kapena kukoka kuti ulume).
Pofika nthawi yozizira, nyundo za Transcaucasian hamibernate, zomwe nthawi yake imatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa malowo. Kubisala kumayamba ndi chisanu chamasana choyamba, ndichifukwa chake njirayi imayambira kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Disembala. Hamster ya Brandt imakhala ndi kugona kwakanthawi - imadzuka ndi thaw iliyonse yozizira. Kutsegulaku kumakhala kokhazikika ngati kulowa, ndipo mwamwambo kugwa kumapeto kwa February - Epulo.
Ndi nyama zingati za Brandt zomwe zimakhala
Oimira nyamazo amakhala ndi zaka 2, kubereka kawiri pachaka. Akazi obadwa m'chaka amapeza chonde pofika nthawi yophukira, kukhala ndi ana (4 mpaka 20 hamsters).
Mchitidwewo umatenga masiku 16 mpaka 17, ndipo izi zimawoneka ngati akhungu akhungu, zomwe sizimawalepheretsa kudya chakudya chobiriwira pambuyo pake. Zinyama zazing'ono, zazimuna zazing'ono komanso zazikazi zazikulu, zimapeza ufulu pakatha masiku 50 ndipo zimakhalira limodzi kwakanthawi. Pofika zaka 70, anthu onse akuwonongeka.
Kugonana kwamanyazi
Kutupa kowoneka ngati ma almond mu testine, komwe kumawoneka pa tsiku la 35 mpaka 40, kudzakuwuzani za kugonana kwa hamster ya Transcaucasian. Zowona, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa anyamata achichepere, komanso omwe ali ndi vuto la cryptorchidism.
Zofunika! Kugonana ndikosavuta kudziwa komwe kumakhala urethra ndi anus: mwa mkazi, anus ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nyini, pomwe amuna mabowo onse amalekanitsidwa ndi dera lomwe tsitsi limakula. Ngati dzenje limodzi lapezeka, mkazi ali pamaso panu.
Kuphatikiza apo, pamimba yamphongo imakutidwa ndi ubweya wonse ndipo imakongoletsedwa mchombo ndi chikwangwani chachikasu, ndipo yaimayiyo ilibe chifanizo chotere, koma imakhala ndi mizere iwiri ya nipples.
Habitat, malo okhala
Hamster ya Transcaucasian, monga momwe dzinalo limanenera, limakhala makamaka m'mapiri / mapiri a piedmont a Transcaucasia (Armenia ndi South Georgia), Dagestan, komanso Western Asia. Zodzikongoletsera ndizofala ku Eastern Ciscaucasia, Lebanon, Israel ndi Turkey.
Mtundu wa Brandt Hamster umakhala malo okwera a mapiri ndi mapiri opezeka kumapiri a 0,3 mpaka 3 kumtunda kwa nyanja. Pamodzi ndi nsonga za mapiri (phiri ndi tsinde), ndereyo imasankha mitengo yosakanizika ndi udzu, kupewa kupewa malo obiriwira kapena oyenda kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimadzaza minda ya tirigu. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakonda malo osyankhidwa kapena osakhazikika pomwe pali dothi.
Malingaliro amalekerera ukapolo bwino. Ma hamsters achichepere amatha kuzolowera manja, zomwe sizinganenedwe za akuluakulu. Lachiwiri, kamodzi mu khola kuchokera ku chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri satha kuchulukana, chifukwa cha kuswana muyenera ana achichepere. Popeza adazolowera mwini wake, hamster ya Transcaucasian imatha kuyimitsa mwakachetechete m'miyala yaying'ono ndipo ikufufuza mwaluso m'nyumba yatsopano.
Kudzazidwa kwa khungu
Popeza hamster wa Brandt ndi wamkulu, adzafunika khola lalikulu (masentimita 40 * 60) lomwe lili ndi ndodo zopingasa, nthawi yayitali pakati pa 5 ndi 6 mamilimita.
Kupanga penti ngati kukhala m'thala, apatseni zida:
- feeder (wopangidwa ndi galasi wandiweyani kapena ceramic),
- nyumba (nthawi zambiri pulasitiki),
- otomatiki (nipple) mbale yakumwa,
- wheel wheel yolimba
- ngalande
- zoseweretsa (zingakhale makatoni),
- mwala wa mchere
- chimbuzi chimbudzi ndi filler.
Zofunika! Mukamasankha kukula kwa nyumbayo, kumbukirani kuti hamster, ngakhale itakhala ndi matumba otayika, ingalowe mosavuta. Denga la nyumbayo, monga lamulo, limachotsedwa, koma siliwomba kuchokera mwangozi.
Kuthamanga pa wili / makwerero kumapulumutsa chiweto ku vuto la kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri: hamster imathamanga mpaka 10 kilomita usiku. Thireyi imayikidwa pakona, kuzolowera makoswe kuti apite kumeneko kuyambira paubwana. Chingwe sichingachite popanda pallet - mwakuya mwakuya, mopanda zinyalala kunja kwa khola. Zomangira zamatabwa zimayikidwa pansi.
Matenda obereketsa
Hamster ya Brandt imakhala yodandaula kwambiri ndi mitundu ya nyama kuposa zovuta zonse zomwe zimapezeka kuzinthu zonse zapakhomo. Matenda ofala kwambiri:
- Matenda opatsirana a chikhodzodzo / impso - makoswewo ndi oopsa, amakhala ndi ludzu nthawi zonse ndipo nthawi zambiri amakodza (nthawi zina ndimapweteka komanso magazi),
- kunenepa - matendawa amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake, chifukwa zimakhudza ntchito yamtima. Mbewu zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri zimachotsedwa m'zakudyazo, niziika m'malo mwa masamba, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba,
- chimfine - chimayambitsa ndi hypothermia kapena matenda (nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa wodwala),
- kutsekula m'mimba - amawoneka chifukwa cha kudya kwambiri zamasamba kapena kusintha kwambiri zakudya,
- kudzimbidwa - kumachitika chifukwa chosowa madzi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chouma. Kudzimbidwa, makoswe akugona, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinyalala m'mudzimo kumachepera,
- Frattures - hamsters nthawi zambiri amavulaza miyendo ndi mchira, kugwa kuchokera kumtunda kapena popanda kuthamanga pagudumu. Ziweto ndizochepa pantchito zawo, ndipo mkaka, buledi wofewa ndi makeke a agalu amawonjezedwera pamenyu.
Chisamaliro, ukhondo
Chimbudzi chimayikidwa m'chikwerewere, koma onetsetsani kuti mwasamba ndi mchenga, womwe uyenera kugulidwa pamalo ogulitsira nyama (nthawi zambiri uwu ndi mchenga wa chinchillas). Kusamba kumayenera kukhala kwapulasitiki, kofi kapena galasi. Ma hamsters a Brandt, monga ma hamsters ena onse, samasambitsidwa (amayamba kuzizira, kudwala ngakhale kufa ndi izi). Kudziyeretsa kuchokera kumatope ndi zakunja zakunja kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mchenga.
Kamodzi pa sabata, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa khola la hamster pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofatsa (zopanda poizoni), monga kumwa soda, mukamatsuka. Ndi chizoloŵezi chokonza kuyeretsa masika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.Kuyeretsa kulikonse kumatha ndikubwerera ku chisa cha "chikale" chowoneka bwino ndi fungo lokhala ndi mbadwa zake - izi ndizofunikira pamtendere wa pet.
Kufotokozera kwamkati
Hamsters ndi ndodo zazing'ono zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi ma thunzi atifupi, makutu ang'ono ndi ponytails lalifupi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 5 mpaka 34 cm, mchira kutalika kuyambira 0,7 mpaka 10 cm. Akazi amatha kupitirira amuna okulirapo. Ubweya wake ndi wakuda, kumbuyo kumakhala utoto kuchokera ku phulusa kapena mtundu wa bulauni mpaka utoto wonyezimira wakuda. M'mimba mumapezeka zakuda, zoyera kapena imvi. Kumbuyo kuli chingwe chakuda. Ma Hamsters amakhalanso osiyana ndi mitundu ina ya makoswe m'matumba opangidwa bwino.
Zolemba Pazakudya za Hamster
Ma hamsters ndi amodzi okhala ndi makoswe amitundu yambiri, koma zakudya zamasamba ndizambiri mu zakudya zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, hamsters amadya tizilombo tokhala ndi mphutsi zake, tating'ono tating'ono (mbewa, repitili ndi amphibians). M'dzinja, amasinthana ndi mbewu ndi ma tubers, ndikuwasunganso zochuluka kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 11-16 kg. Nthawi zina pantries a hamsters okhala ndi njere ndi mbatata amafika 90 kg. Hamsters amabweretsanso chimanga, nandolo, mpunga, mapira, mabwinja, lupine, chimanga, mphodza, mbatata ku ma pantries, ndikuyika mitundu yosiyana yosiyanasiyana. Hamster amadya nkhokwezi m'nyengo yozizira, akudzuka kwa hibernation kwakanthawi, komanso kasupe mpaka kuwoneka kwatsopano.
Nyundo imanyamula chakudya m'mataya mwake, pomwe imayikidwa 46 g ya tirigu. Imatha kunyamula chakudya cha 1 km.
Hamster inafalikira
Ma Hamsters amafalitsidwa kwambiri ku Central ndi Eastern Europe, Asia Little, Syria, Iran, Siberia, Mongolia, kumpoto kwa China ndi Korea.
Ochuluka kwambiri amakhala m'nkhalango-steppe ndi steppe. Kummwera, imakonda malo onyowa, mwachitsanzo, zigwa. Imapezeka m'mapiri pamalo okwera mpaka 3600 m pamwamba pa nyanja, kumapiri ndi m'nkhalango. Amapangitsanso malo olimidwa, monga minda ya mpunga, malamba amtchire, mapaki, minda, ndiwo zamasamba, nyumba zogona. Dothi labwino kwambiri, losowa pamchenga.
Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus)
Kutalika kwa amuna amuna akuluakulu ndi 27-34 cm, mchirawo ndi wamtali 3-8, ndipo misa ndi pafupifupi 700. Mchirawo umathothoka kumapeto ndipo umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Makutu ndi afupi, amdima. Ubweya ndiwowonda komanso wofewa. Mtundu wake ndi wowala, wosiyana. Kumbuyo kuli kofiirira, thovu ndi lakuda. Malo awiri akulu owala amawoneka m'mbali, olekanitsidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Palinso mawanga owoneka bwino mbali za mutu ndi kumbuyo kwa makutu. Pali zoyerekeza zakuda kapena zakuda zokhala ndi mawanga oyera pamiyendo ndi khosi. Mwathunthu, zophatikiza zoposa 10 za hamster wamba zimafotokozedwa. Utoto umakhala wowala kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, kukula kwa thupi kumakulira kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa komanso kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera.
Mitunduyi imakhala m'madambo komanso mapiri a Eurasia kuchokera ku Belgium kupita ku Altai ndi Northern Xinjiang.
Brandt Hamster kapena Transcaucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus brandti)
Kutalika kwa thupi 15-18 masentimita, kutalika mchira masentimita 2-3. Kulemera mpaka 300 g. Makutu ndi ochepa. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira. Tummy ndi ya bulauni, yokhala ndi malo akuda pachifuwa. Mutu m'mphepete umakhala wachikasu, pamakutu pali malo akuda, chibwano ndi choyera. Mapira ndi oyera. Ubweya wake ndi wofewa, wokutira pamchira.
Malo okhala mitunduyi akuphatikizapo Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, ndi kum'mawa kwa Ciscaucasia. Chimakhala m'mphepete mwa mapiri, m'matanthwe a mapiri, malo olimapo mapiri.
Hamster Radde kapena Pre-Caucasian Hamster (Mesocricetus raddei)
Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 28 cm, kutalika kwa mchira pafupifupi 1.5 cm. Kumbuyo kumakhala bulauni. Mtunda wakuda kapena wakuda. Pali mawanga owoneka bwino pamasaya ndi kumbuyo kwa makutu.
Kugawidwa ku Georgia ndi Russia, ku North Caucasus, ku Stavropol Territory ndi ku Ciscaucasia, kumapiri ndi mikanda yankhalango.
Newton's Hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni)
Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 14-17, kutalika kwa mchira mpaka 2 cm, kulemera kwa 80-150 g. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira, kumutu wakuda kumadutsa pakatikati pa msana. Khosi ndi chifuwa ndi zofiirira zakuda, pamimba ndi imvi.
Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa Danube, ku Bulgaria ndi Romania.
Campbell's Hamster (Phodopus campbelli)
Kutalika kwam'mimba masentimita 7, 7, kutalika mchira, mpaka 1.5 masentimita, kulemera pafupifupi 25 g. Mutu wozungulira, wopundira pakati. Ubweya ndi wakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira, kumbuyo kuli Mzere wakuda, tummy ndi imvi.
Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Mongolia, kumpoto kwa China ku Russia ndi Kazakhstan.
Hamster's Hamster (Allocricetulus eversmanni)
Kutalika kwa thupi 13-16 cm, mchira wa 2-3 masentimita. Makutu ndi ochepa. Mchirawo ndiwotambalala, wosalala, wamphongo. Ubweya ndi wamfupi, zofewa, wonyezimira. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kwakuda bii kapena kufiyira kapena kufiyira. Tummy ndiyoyera ndi malire lakuthwa m'mbali. Pali malo ofera pakhosi ndi pachifuwa. Mataka ndi mchira ndizoyera pansipa.
Amakhala ku Lower and Middle Trans-Volga, kumwera kwa Trans-Urals, ku Kazakhstan.
Rat hamster (Tscherskia triton)
Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 14 mpaka 25 cm, kutalika kwa masentimita 8-10. Kulemera kuchokera pa 92 mpaka 241 g. Kumbuyo ndi kofiirira, kansalu ndi kofiirira pakhungu ndi nsonga yoyera, miyendo ndiyoyera.
Dera limapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, kumwera kwa Primorsky Krai, Korea.
Khalidwe la Hamster
Hamsters ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi, mitundu ina imatha kusambira, kupeza mpweya m'matumba. Nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi munthawi. Nthawi yakuswana, hamsters amachita nkhanza kwa achibale awo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakangana. M'nyengo yozizira, amayamba kugona nthawi yayitali, komwe sikungokhala kubisala kwenikweni.
Hamsters ali ndi moyo wamadzulo. Masana amakhalabe m'minyewa yawo, yomwe imafikira 8 m kutalika ndi 1.5 m kuya. Mukhoza kukhala ndi zotchinga. M'dzenje losalekeza, kuyambira 2-5, nthawi zina mpaka kufika pa 10, chipinda chochezera ndi malo opumulira.
Nyundo zanyumba
Kunyumba, muli Syria, Dzungarian, Campbell hamsters ndi Robor hamsters. Ma hamsters achi Syria amakhala osiyanasiyana pamtundu, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa chovala. Amuna a tsitsi lalitali ku Syria nthawi zina amalakwitsa kutchedwa "Angora".
Kusankha hamster, zindikirani kuti a hamorovsky hamsters amatha kukhala m'gulu la ziweto, ndipo zotsalazo zimangokhala zokhazokha, ndikasungidwa, ndewu zimayamba limodzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuphedwa kwa ofowoka a hamsters. Ndi kukonzanso palimodzi kwa ma hamsters amuna ndi akazi, wamkazi amabereka nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimavulaza thanzi lake ndikufupikitsa moyo wake. Mayi woyembekezera amatha kupha kapena kuvulaza wamwamuna, kuteteza ana ake.
Kukula kwa khola la hamsters kuyenera kukhala osachepera 50 cm ndi 30 cm. Mawilo okhala ndi mawonekedwe (14-18 cm m'mimba mwake) ayenera kuyikiridwa m'khola. Kudya kunyumba sikusiyana ndi kudya mwachilengedwe. Maziko a chakudyachi ndi mbewu zopanda msuzi komanso zobiriwira.
Pakukhwima, banja limasankhidwa kuchokera kwa wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi miyezi inayi ndi zazikazi kuyambira azaka 9. Amakhala palimodzi m'malo osalowerera ndale kapena chindoko chachimuna nthawi ya akazi, yomwe imachitika kwa maola angapo masiku anayi alionse. Mimba imatenga masiku 17 mpaka 20. Pazaka 4 zokha, kukula kwachinyamata kumasiyanitsidwa ndi chachikazi, kupatulidwa ndi jenda.
Zambiri Zosangalatsa
- Mawu oti "hamster" ndi ochokera ku Old Slavic, omwe amachokera ku Old Iranian, pomwe "m'baleēstar" amamasuliridwa kuti "mdani amene amaponyera pansi." Izi mwina zikuwonetsa kuti hamster amagwirira tsinde pansi kenako chimatulutsira mbewu.
- Hamster ya Syria ndi Newton's Hamster ili m'gulu la International Red Book.
- Ma Hamsters amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ulimi, chifukwa amadya nthangala ndi mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, amanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angapo opatsirana, ndichifukwa chake zomwe zili zoletsedwa ku Vietnam. Ndalama zoyenera kuphwanyidwa ndi ndalama zokwana 30 miliyoni, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi ndalama zapakhomo zadziko lino. Koma hamsters imapindulanso. Mwachitsanzo, zikopa za mitundu ina ya hamsters zimakololedwa. Hamsters amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nyama yothandizira komanso ziweto.
Mitundu ya hamsters
Syria waku Syria. Nyama iyi ili ndi thupi lathanzi la sentimita khumi ndi zitatu yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi, makutu ozungulira, nkhope yozungulira, maso - "mikanda" ndi mchira wawung'ono womwe sungawoneke nkomwe pansi pa tsitsi lakuda. Mimba yamapiko ndiyopepuka, ndipo msana wake umakhala wonyezimira kapena wa imvi. Miyendo yakumbuyo ya hamster ili ndi zala zisanu, ndipo pamiyendo yakutsogolo kuli zala zinai ndi kuyipa kwa chala chachisanu. Mwachilengedwe, makoswewa amakhala m'makungu osaya, ndikuwonetsa ntchito zake usiku. Hamster amagwiritsa ntchito matumba a masaya kunyamula zida za chisa ndi zomangamanga. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamtambo umawonedwa kuti ndi wagolide, mtundu wachilengedwe wachilengedwe. Kutalika kwa moyo wa hamster waku Syria kunyumba pafupifupi zaka zitatu.
Chofunikira kwambiri mu chakudya cha Syrian hamster mu ukapolo ndi chakudya cha tirigu, kuphatikiza apo ndikulimbikitsidwa kupatsa zinthu zabwino zomwe sizimusangalatsa, komanso zimapindulitsa kwambiri, ndikupera pazinthu zake zomwe zikupitilira kukula.
Posunga hamster ya ku Syria kunyumba, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi khola loyezera 40 cm x 60 cm, lomwe liyenera kukhala ndi:
Zinyalala, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi utukulidwe wa utuchi wa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, timatenga chinyezi komanso fungo labwino. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito ngati zofunda - ubweya wa thonje, zopukutira, nsanza ndi manyuzipepala.
khola m'lifupi mwake masentimita atatu mpaka khumi, omwe ayenera kusankhidwa polingalira kukula kwa mbewa.
Mukabereka hamsters achi Syria, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mkazi sayenera kukhala wochepera miyezi inayi, ndipo wamphongo azikhala ndi miyezi itatu. Mimba ya hamster imatenga masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ana m'litali limodzi kumachokera kwa anthu anayi mpaka khumi ndi asanu omwe amamwetsedwa mkaka wa m'mawere masiku makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu. Asanabadwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo pobereka mugwiritse ntchito galasi lokhazikika lomwe limakhala 40 cm x 25 cm.Nzoletsedwa kukwapula, kukhudza ndi kukhudza mwana wakhanda, chifukwa mkazi, wanunkhira fungo lakunja, amatha kudya ana ake. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, komanso kudyetsa, ndikofunikira kupatula komanso zochepa zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndizakudya zama protein muzakudya zazikazi, monga tchizi chosagwira mafuta, tchizi chophika dzira, ndi nyama yankhuku yophika.
Dzungarian hamster. Ichi ndi chiweto chodziwika bwino chokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5, kulemera mpaka magalamu 45. Mtundu wamtunduwu uli ndi mapazi ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi, chingwe chakuda kumbuyo ndi mchira waufupi kwambiri, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala suwoneka, makamaka nyama ikakhala. Ubweya wake umasiyanitsidwa ndi ma blotches oyera oyera. Kugawidwa pamalo olimba kum'mawa kwa Western Siberia, East Kazakhstan, ku Khakassia.
Ma hamsters a Dzungarian ali omasuka kukonza nyumba, koma amafunikira chisamaliro chofunikira. Poyerekeza ndi iwo, hamsters a ku Syria amadzichiritsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, khola la nyundo ya Dzungarian liyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa nyamazo ndizoyenda kwambiri. Komanso hamster wa Dzungarian amafunikira mwala wowerengera kuti mano azikukuta. Mukamadyetsa a hamhungar hamsters, tsogolo lawo la matenda ashuga liyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa chake zakudya zomwe zili ndi monosaccharides omwe amapezeka mumasamba, zipatso ndi uchi siziyenera kuperekedwa kuchakudya.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusunga mitundu yoposa imodzi yamtunduwu mu chisa chimodzi, chifukwa makatani awa ndi achitetezo kwambiri ndipo pamalo otetezedwa amakhala olimbirana. Akasungidwa limodzi, a Jungar hamsters amakhala m'malo opanda nkhawa, ndipo pomenya nkhondo amatha kuvulaza wina ndi mnzake, mpaka kupha
Nyama za Dzungarian zolengedwa Nthawi zambiri zimasiyana mitundu yamtchire. Koma onse a Jungar hamsters ali ndi kamtambo kakang'ono kwamdima kumbuyo kwawo. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya utoto imasiyanitsidwa:
muyezo (wodera la bulauni, loyera pamimba),
safiro (khungu laimvi, loyera pamimba),
ngale (yoyera yoyera ndi malo otuwa),
tangerine (kirimu wofiyira).
M'malo azachilengedwe, nyama za ku Dzungarian zimaswana kuyambira Marichi mpaka Seputembala, pomwe ali mu ukapolo amabereka chaka chonse. Zinyalala zitha kukhala ndi 1 mpaka 9 cubs. Patatha mwezi umodzi atabadwa, ayenera kupatulidwa kale ndikulekanitsidwa ndi jenda. Kutha msambo kumachitika kuyambira milungu 6, koma akukhulupirira kuti mimba yoyambirira imakhala yoopsa kwa mkazi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndiyambe kukhwima kuyambira miyezi inayi. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ya mkazi wa Hamster awa ndi masiku 18-22. zazikazi zoyamwitsa komanso zonyentchera ziyenera kukhazikitsa bata pabwino, chifukwa cha nkhawa mkazi amatha kupha ana ake. Komanso, wamkazi amatha kukhala wankhanza kwa mwamunayo. Akazi amakonzanso umuna mkati mwa maola 24 atabereka, chifukwa chake mwamuna amayenera kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo ..
Hamster Roborovsky Sizachabe pachabe kuti hamster wam'madziyu amatchedwa, popeza iyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwa nyama zawo zapakhomo. Ali ndi mchira waifupi, pafupifupi osatulutsa ubweya. Mbidzi yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mpweya wabwinoko komanso makutu akulu owazungulira, akuda ndi utoto woyera. Pali timaso tating'ono toyera pamwamba pamaso. Kumbuyo kwa hamster ya Roborovsky kumakutidwa ndi ubweya wachikasu wofiirira, m'mimba ndi matako ndi ubweya woyera, matumbo amiyendo amatsitsidwa.
Zoyala zazingwe zam'madzi zimakhala ndi mchenga wamchenga wokhala ndi caragana. Makoko awa amadya kwambiri nthangala za beets, ma caragans, hodgepodge, sedges, phala, tulips, koma tizilombo ndi ma invertebrates amatenga gawo lachiwiri mu chakudya chawo. Ma hamsters awa amagwira ntchito makamaka madzulo komanso usiku. Mizere yakuya yomwe amakumba mumchenga imakhala ndi mayendedwe awiri ndi chipinda chochezera. Nthawi yoswana imakulitsidwa ndikuyamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, ndikutha kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Nyengo, mkazi aliyense amabweretsa ma lita atatu ndi atatu ndi atatu amphongo. Zinyama zazing'ono kuchokera ku zinyalala zoyambirira zimayamba kubereka kumapeto kwa chilimwe mchaka choyamba cha moyo.
Kupanga mikhalidwe ya moyo ndi kusamalira ma hamsters ochepa ndizosavuta. Ndipo ndikwabwino kuti zizisungidwa m'thanthi yaying'ono yazitsulo, pomwe pansi pake pamakokedwa ndi mchenga wamtundu wa 2-3 cm.Miyala ingapo imayikidwanso pano, komanso udzu, mbewa, nthambi zazing'ono komanso zowonda. Bokosi laling'ono la chisa, momwe nyama zimapuma ndikudyetsa ana awo, ndizofunikira. Mchenga uyenera kusinthidwa ndikusandulika uve.
Kudyetsa hamsters a Roborovsky, monga mitundu ina ya hamsters, muyenera zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Zakudyazi zikuyenera kuphatikizira mbewu za zakutchire komanso zolimidwa, monga mapira, mpendadzuwa, masamba ndi zipatso, amadyera - masamba a dandelion kapena letesi. Kuphatikiza apo, oatmeal, mikate yoyera yophika mkaka iyenera kuperekedwa. Nthawi zina hamsters amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi mphutsi za ufa. Munthawi yakukhwima ndi kubereka, ana ang'ono ayenera kupatsidwa protein yambiri, yofunikira kuti kubereka bwino komanso kubereka kwabwinobwino kwa ana.
Kuti mubereke hamsters ochepa, muyenera kungosunga khola limodzi. Simuyenera kukhala ndi zazimuna ndi zazikazi ziwiri, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti akazi azikhala osagwirizana. Kukhwima mwa msungwana kumachitika kumayambiriro, pazaka zitatu kapena zitatu, pafupifupi masiku 19. Ngakhale pali kusinthika kwamtsogolo, pomwe ma hamsters amayamba kubereka pakangotha miyezi itatu. Mwina izi ndi zotsatira za mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana muukapolo.
Kutalika kwa pakati ndi masiku 19-22. Ana amakula msanga, ubweya umawonekera kumapeto kwa sabata loyamba komanso wazaka 10 tsopano amateteza nyama ku chimfine, koma maso awo amatseguka masiku 13 okha. Pakubadwa milungu itatu, amakhala odziimira pawokha ndipo amatha kudzipatula kwa makolo awo. Ndipo wamkazi pakadali pano akukonzekera zatsopano, ndipo ngati simumabzala ana okalamba, amapitilira kuyamwa mayiyo, ndikulimba, kuthamangitsa ang'ono. Zotsatira zake, nyama zatsopano zangotsalira pakukula ndipo mwina zimafa chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya.
Brandt Hamster kapena hamster ya Transcaucasian. Makoswe ochepa a banja la hamster. Dzinali limaperekedwa polemekeza wolemba zachipembedzo wa ku Germany Johann Brandt. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 15 mpaka 18 cm. Ndipo mchirawo umachokera 2 mpaka 3 cm.Kutalika kwa phazi ndi 16-26 mm. Kutalika kwa khutu 10 - 24 mm. Kulemera kwa nyamayi imachokera ku 42 - 296 g. Nyamayi ili ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira. Mtundu wachilengedwe wa chovala chakumaso ndi chofiirira. Mimba imakhala yofiirira, pachifuwa pakati pa ngale kumakhala malo ena akuda omwe amapitilira mapewa. Chomerachi chimakhala ndi mutu wofiirira pakatikati, malo owoneka akuda pansi pamakutu, chibwano choyera. Mapazi oyera okhala ndi miyendo. Ubweya wonse umakhala wosalala komanso wofewa, ndipo mchala wokhawo umakhala wonenepa.
Hamster wa ku Caucasi ndiofala ku Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, komanso ku Eastern Ciscaucasia. Amakhala m'mapiri komanso kumapiri a Transcaucasia ndi Western Asia. Yogawidwa kumwera kumapiri a Talysh komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Iran, kumpoto, ku Dagestan, idapezeka kumwera komanso kum'mawa kwa mtsinje. Sulak. Ku Caucasus, madera ake amakhala kum'mawa kwa Arsian ndi Likh, m'malo opezeka kumapiri a Georgia ndi Armenia. Imapezeka m'malo okwera kuyambira 300 mpaka 3000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. m. Ambiri amakhala kumapiri a mapiri. Imakhala m'malo omwe muli udzu wofera udzu pamalo otsetsereka a mapiri, mapiri a mapiri ndi minda yomwe anthu amalima. Pewani malo onyowa komanso onyowa.
Amakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo. Mwachilengedwe ndimakhala wosungulumwa. Mwachilengedwe, chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Hibernates nyengo yachisanu kumapeto kwa Okutobala - kumayambiriro kwa Disembala, ndipo amadzuka mu March koyambirira kwa Epulo. Kutalika kwa nthawi hibernation nthawi zambiri sikupita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma kumatha mpaka 10. Nthawi yokhala hibernation, amagona kuyambira 2 mpaka 7 masiku, pambuyo pake amadzuka ndikukhalabe maso mpaka masiku awiri, sizachilendo kuti gawo logona likhalapo mpaka masiku 30.
Zomangira za hamster za Brandt zimakhala ndi njira yopingasa yopingasa, ochepa akakhotakhota amachoka, ndipo imodzi yokha imatsogolera pamwamba. Kutuluka komwe kumakonda kumaphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Chisa cha nyamayi chimakumbidwa mozama pafupifupi mamita 2. Kwa nthawi yozizira, hamster amatenga nkhokwe zowoneka bwino dzenje. Amadyetsa magawo obiriwira, mbewu ndi ma tubers a mbewu zosiyanasiyana, ndi mbewu.
Matenda a Hamster
Hypothermia (ozizira). Hamsters amatha kugwira chimfine kapena kutenga chimfine kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi chimfine, muchepetseni kulumikizana ndi chiweto chanu, mpaka mutachira kwathunthu. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimagwira ozizira m'makola omwe amayikidwa pafupi ndi mawindo kapena akukonzekera. Chopundira chotentha chimakhala ndi mphuno yonyansa, zimayamba kuterera. Milandu yayikulu kwambiri, kumeza kwamaso, kugona, kuwonda, kukana chakudya ndi madzi kungaoneke.
Ngati hamster akuwonetsa zizindikiro zakuthira ndi kusisita, koma amakhalabe achangu, akupitilizabe kudya ndi kumwa, amayenera kusungidwa pamalo otentha, kutali ndi zolemba. Onjezani zinyalala zowonjezera ku khola. Nthawi zambiri, mphuno yonyansa imasowa patangopita masiku ochepa. Ngati kuchira sikunachitike kapena ngati vuto la nyamayo likuipira, funsani kwa veterinarian, monga momwe amafunikira mankhwala othandizira. Ngati hamster wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro za chimfine chachikulu, monga kutuluka m'maso, kugona, kuwonda, kukana kudya kapena kudya, kulumikizana ndi veterinarian wanu nthawi yomweyo. Kuchepetsa chithandizo kungayambitse zovuta, monga bronchitis kapena chibayo. Nyama zodwala zimapatsidwa madzi ofunda, momwe mkaka ndi uchi zimawonjezeredwa.
Kunenepa kwambiri. Ngati hamster wanu alibe ntchito komanso wonenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mwina ndi wonenepa kwambiri. Ngakhale akuwoneka kuti alibe vuto, kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda oopsa. Ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti Hamster wanu wachira pang'ono ndipo wangokhala wokongola komanso wowoneka bwino, ndibwino kuti mumveke pasadakhale kuti musadandaule kuti mwanyalanyaza thanzi la chiweto chanu.
Zotsatira za izi zitha kukhala zovuta kwa hamster, chifukwa choyambirira mtima umakhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ndipo izi zitha kutsogolera, ngati sikuti kumangidwa kwamtima, ndiye kuti mutatseka mtima komanso kukhala wathanzi kwa hamster yanu mtsogolo.
Pofuna kuti hamster achepetse thupi, mpatseni chilichonse chofunikira kuti ayambe kukhala moyo wapa mafoni. Kuphatikiza apo, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kupewedwa. Kuti muchite izi, musadumphe ndipo nthawi yomweyo mugule nyama yanu yaying'ono yomwe imatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Madzulo, hamster amagwira ntchito makamaka. Chifukwa chake, panthawiyi amatha kuloledwa kuyendetsa sofa. Ingotsimikizirani kuti sanagwe pena paliponse, pothawa kwambiri.
Pafupifupi, munthu wamkulu wamkulu amadya supuni ziwiri patsiku ndimatsalira chakudya. Kwa iye, iyi ndi njira yabwinobwino, yokwanira kuti asamve ludzu ndipo sangathe kugona mpaka tsiku lotsatira. Chifukwa chake, ngati hamster wanu adya mopyola muyeso, ndiye kuti mumupatse supuni ziwiri zomwe zimayikidwa tsiku, koma osatinso.
Kumbukirani kuti hamster ndi nyama yomwe imakhala mwa chibadwa chokha. Kuthengo, onse akungoyendayenda m'chipululu kukafunafuna chakudya. Akangozipeza, nthawi yomweyo amazidzaza ndi matumba awo, kuti pambuyo pake athe kuzisunga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti hamster amadya momwe angafunikire, koma osatinso. Kenako adzakhala wathanzi osati wonenepa.
Njira yabwino kwambiri ya hamster wonenepa sakupereka chakudya chomwe chili ndi mafuta ambiri ndi zakudya zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala mthupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mumupatse mbewu yokhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Koma mu masamba, zipatso ndi zitsamba, hamster sikuyenera kukhala ndi malire. Sachira pazinthu izi.
Matenda opatsirana a impso ndi chikhodzodzo. Hamsters amatha kudwala matenda a chikhodzodzo kapena matenda opatsirana. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri zamatendawa ndi zofanana mu nyama zonse: hamster imakonda kukodza, nthawi zina ndimagazi, nyama imakhala ndi ludzu lochulukirapo. Zizindikiro zina ndi kusilira, kulira kwa ululu pokodza.
Nyama zokhala ndi zizindikilo zotere ziyenera kuwonetsedwa kwa dotolo, chifukwa zingakhale zofunikira kutenga maphunziro a maantibayotiki. Odwala hamsters amasungidwa otentha, ndikuwapatsa nyamayo mwayi wopeza madzi abwino. Tsukani malo anu tsiku lililonse pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opangidwa kuti apewe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta nyama kuti tipewe matenda oyamba ndi matenda achimera.
Ndi chithandizo choyenera, hamsters amapezeka bwino mkati mwa masiku ochepa. Komabe, nthawi zina, hamster imayamba kulephera kwa impso kapena kulephera kwa impso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo iphedwe. Zolaula zomwe zimadyetsedwa bwino ndi zakudya zosavomerezeka kapena zakudya zamafuta kwambiri zimatha kutenga matenda opatsirana a chikhodzodzo.
Zoyipa. Nthawi zina hamsters amatha kupasuka mwendo kapena mchira, ngakhale atakhala m'khola. Nthawi zambiri ngozi zomwe zimatha ndikusokonekera zimachitika madzulo kapena usiku, ndipo zimapezeka m'mawa wotsatira. Nyama yokhala ndi miyendo yowonongeka imatha kuthinana; ngati nyama yovulala mchira, imapindika.
Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha kukula kocheperako, ndizosatheka kuyika pepala pamafupa osweka, ndiye muyenera kudikirira kuti mafupawo atukule limodzi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchepetsa hamster mukuyenda, kuphatikizapo kufunika kochotsa gudumu kuchokera m'khola. Ndi bwinonso kuyikamo nyamayo mu aquarium, mwachilengedwe popanda madzi, kuti zoletsa zisakwere ndi kutsika m'mphepete mwa mipiringidzo. Mkate wofewa, mkaka kapena makeke a agalu amawonjezedwa muzakudya panthawiyi. Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium yambiri.
Hamsters amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe otseguka. Poterepa, fupa limatuluka mumtondo kapena mchira wowonongeka. Ngati vuto lotere lachitika, muyenera kuwonetsa kwa sing'anga wa zanyama chifukwa, kuti mupewe matenda, chithandizo cha bala ndi maantibayotiki ndikofunikira. Komanso, adotolo akhazikitsa fupa mkati ndi / kapena kufinya bala.
Mawilidwe osweka kapena mchira wake umachira mkati mwa masabata 1-2, koma chifukwa cha kuwonongeka, hamster imatha kukhalabe yopunduka komanso ndi mchira wopindika. Izi siziyenera kudandaula inu, chifukwa sizimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa nyama.
Kudzimbidwa. Kudzimbidwa kwa Hamster nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chosowa madzi kapena kumalumikizidwa ndi kudya chakudya chambiri chambiri. Zizindikiro za kudzimbidwa: Kutaya zinyalala m'chipindacho. Zinyalala zomwe ndizochepa, zolimba komanso zowuma. Nyundo imatha kugona. Zizindikiro zowonjezera: kuchepa kwa chilakolako chofuna kudya, chinyezi pang'ono kuzungulira nyerere. Ngati hamster ali ndi kudzimbidwa, onetsetsani kuti ali ndi mwayi wopeza madzi abwino, kuwonjezera zamasamba ndi zipatso zomwe zili ndi madzi ambiri pazakudya zake. Kupereka dontho lamafuta a masamba kumathandizanso kuthana ndi kudzimbidwa. Ngati palibe kusintha kwa hamster pofika tsiku lotsatira, pitani kwa veterinarian.
Kutsegula m'mimba (m'mimba). Hamsters amatha kudwala matenda otsegula m'mimba pazifukwa zingapo. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi pakudya, kudyetsa masamba ambiri ndi zakudya zosaphika ndizomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri. Kutsegula m'mimba kumatha kupangitsa kuti madzi atheretu. Zizindikiro zakutha kwamadzi: hamster yayamba kufooka, kupuma kumakhala kulemera komanso pang'ono, thupi limawoneka laling'ono kuposa masiku onse. Kokani khungu la hamster kuti muwone. Khungu pang'onopang'ono, koma osati mwachangu, limabwereranso m'thupi, ndiye kuti nyamayo yasowa madzi. Patsani hamster madzi ndi shuga ndi mchere, kuti muchite izi, kuthira madzi pakona pakamwa ndi syringe osasewera.
Ndizosangalatsa
Chakurasa chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Hamster wamba samatengedwa kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri, komanso wokongola kwambiri, pakati pa abale ake. Zambiri zake ndizopatsa chidwi. Wachikulire amafika masentimita 25-30 kutalika. Imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wambiri wowala bwino kumbuyo, m'mimba yakuda ndi mawanga oyera atatu mbali ya mutu, chifuwa ndi mbali. Mphuno ndi zopondera ndi zoyera. Ngakhale nthawi zina pamakhala anthu akuda ndi oyera kapena oyera.
Chingwe chaching'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mwa mitundu yonse ya hamsters, yaying'ono kwambiri ndi hamor Robsovsky hamsters. Kutalika, amafikira masentimita asanu mpaka asanu ndi umodzi okha. Msana wawo ndi mutu wake ndi mchenga wachikaso. Koma tummy ndi ubweya kuzungulira antennae zimakhala zoyera. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu wa hamsters ndi opepuka, pafupifupi "nsidze" zowonekera. Kuyenda kwa nyama zoseketsa izi mdera lawo kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti eni ake amatha, makamaka, akungoyang'ana ziweto zawo zomwe amakonda. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa hamster amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwamanjenje, ndikuwasunthira m'malo kapena kusintha chilengedwe kumakhala kupsinjika kwenikweni kwa iwo, komwe kumatha mpaka milungu ingapo.
Ma hamsters ena amatha kuyamba kuterera pa ng ombe kapena zinthu momwe ziliri, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika mwa kupatsa hamster cookie kapena kuyika choko mu chikole. Masewera agalu ndiwofunikira bwino - sangawononge mano a hamster ndipo sadzavulaza thanzi ndi chimbudzi. Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti hamster akhale ndi zopangidwa, kapena zinthu zomwe amatha kukukuta mano - ngati sizili choncho, mano omwe akukula nthawi zonse amatha kubaya nsagwada.
Hamsters amawona zakuda ndi zoyera, nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino. Hamsters amadalira makamaka pakumva ndi kununkhira.
Atsogoleri aku Vietnam aletsa kukonzanso hamsters, moyenera kuwaona ngati onyamula matenda owopsa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke zinali zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimabweretsa nyama zomwe sizinapitemo kunja kwazowongolera, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zoyipa kalendala yakum'mawa ya chaka cha Rat komanso kuchuluka kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Ndalama zokwanira kuphwanya lamulo loletsa ntchitoyi ndi 30 miliyoni dong, zomwe ndi ma ruble 57,000, ndipo amafananizidwa ndi ndalama zapachaka zokhala nzika ya dziko lino.
Dzungarian (Sungurian) hamster
Dzungarian hamsters kapena dzhungariki ndi nyama zazing'onoting'ono zazitali 10cm ndipo zimalemera mpaka 65. Zowoneka ngati zawo ndi mzere wakuda m'mbali mwa msewu ndi rhombus wotchulidwa pamutu. Mtundu waukulu wa dzhungarika ndi msana wa bulauni komanso pamimba loyera, koma pali zina zomwe mungachite:
Nyama zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, koma khalani ndi mawonekedwe pamutu ndi kumbuyo.
Nyama zokongola izi zimazolowera anthu ndipo zimatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka zitatu, osakwaniritsidwa mpaka 4. Dzhungariki zimayamba kudwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake zipatso zokoma ziyenera kuperekedwa zochuluka.
Dzungarian hamster
Syria waku Syria
Ma hamsters achi Syria ndiakulu kuposa dzungariks. Amakhala zaka 3-4, samakonda kufika zaka 5. Malingana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, nyama ziyenera kukhala zazitali 12 cm, koma nthawi zina zimakula mpaka 20 cm. Zolemera zimayamba pa 100 g ndikutha ku 140 g, zazikazi zimalemera zochulukirapo. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi wagolide, koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mithunzi yonse yachikaso ndi ya bulauni mpaka chokoleti ndi yakuda. Pali ana omwe amakhala ndi zikopa za buluu komanso zautsi. Izi mtundu wa hamsters zimasiyana kutalika kwa chovalacho. Gawani:
- wokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali
- Shorthair
- satin
- rex
- wopanda tsitsi.
Ngati munthu ali ndi tsitsi lalitali, ndiye kuti tsitsi la mkazi limatha kukhala lalifupi kwambiri.
"Asiriya" ali ndi zala zinayi pamphumi pawo, ndi miyendo 5 yakumbuyo: Ndiwofunda pang'ono kuposa dzhungariki ndipo amalumikizana ndi munthu mosavuta.
Syria waku Syria
Angora hamster
Angora ndi dzina lolakwika la hamster waku Syria yemwe ali ndi tsitsi lalitali. Nyama za Shaggy zimawoneka mosiyana ndi Asiriya wamba, koma izi ndizofanana. Kusiyanako ndikuti nyama zotere zimangokhala kunyumba zokha. Chovala chawo chimafuna chisamaliro chowonjezereka.
Angora hamster
Hamsters a Roborovsky
Ma hamsters a Roborovsky ndi okhawo oimira banja omwe amatha kusungidwa mgulu, ndipo ndibwino kukhala ndi zibwenzi zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuti mupewe mpikisano.
Ana awa ndi ochepa kwambiri pabanja. Kukula kwawo sikuposa masentimita 5. Amabereka kwambiri, motero amawononga ndalama zambiri. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 4, ndipo ali odziyimira kwambiri kuposa "Asiriya." Ndizosatheka kuzolowera manja, ndizosangalatsa kwa anthu omwe amakonda kuonera moyo waminyama. Nyama zimasiyana m'magulu oyera am'maso komanso mphuno ya snug. Mimba zawo ndizowala. Khungu limatha kupakidwa utoto wagolide, mchenga komanso bulauni. Pali ana omwe ali ndi ubweya wa "agouti" ndi utoto wa kirimu.
Roborovsky Hamster
Campbell Hamster
Ma hamsters a Campbell amafanana ndi dzungariki. Amakhalanso ocheperako - mpaka 10cm kutalika ndikukhala ndi mzere kumbuyo. Komabe, pali zosiyana, ma dzhungarik ali ndi mitundu yakuda yakuda, ndipo Campbell ali ndi ma golide enanso. Mzere pakhungu umakhala wonenepa komanso wowonda. “Zomangira” za kusintha kwa mtundu wa msana kupita kumimba sizitchulidwa motero. Jungarians sangakhale ndi maso ofiira, ngakhale alubino. Ma Campbell akhoza kukhala amtoto. Ubweya wa dzhungariks ndi wosalala, ndi wa Campbell - "shreds". Dzhungariki ali ndi mawonekedwe ovoid, ndi Campbell - mu mawonekedwe a eyiti. Nyama izi zimakhala zaka pafupifupi ziwiri.
Campbell Hamster
Albino Hamsters
Ma Albin sakhala okhaokha, chifukwa izi ndi mitundu yanyama yokha. Ma Albinos amatchedwa hamsters, omwe thupi lake silitulutsa melanin. Chifukwa cha izi, nyamazo zimakhala ndi tsitsi loyera komanso ziphuphu zoonekera. Mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ikubwera imapangitsa maso a albino kukhala ofiira. Ziphuphu zoterezi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi khungu losamva komanso kumva. M'malo abwino sakhala ochepera kuposa anthu anzawo.
Syria Albino Hamster
White hamster
Nthawi zina pamakhala chikhumbo chotenga chilombo cha mtundu winawake, mwachitsanzo, choyera, kenako ogulitsa othandizira amapereka mtundu wachilendo kwa ndalama zambiri - hamster yoyera. Ndiponso, izi ndi zabodza. Hamster yoyera imatha kukhala albino, kapena ingokhala ndi utoto wamtunduwu. Ndiwo mtundu womwe umafuna kusankhidwa, ndipo mtundu wa "hamster oyera" mulibe.
White Dzungarian Hamster
Wamba hamster
Nyundo yamtchire imatha kutalika masentimita 34, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira wake ndi 3-8 cm.Ikukhala kumapiri ndi mapiri a nkhalango, nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi munthu. Khungu lake limakhala lowala: kumbuyo kuli kofiirira, ndipo pamimba pamakhala zakuda. Malo oyera oyera kumbali ndi kutsogolo. Pali zodera zakuda ndi zakuda zomwe zili ndi mawanga oyera. Gargoyles amakhala kuthengo kwa zaka 4, m'malo abwino amatha kufikira zaka 6.
Wamba hamster
Grey hamster
Imvi yotuwa imakhala pentche, kukula kwake osati mbewa. ndi ya mtundu wamtundu wa imvi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira masentimita 9.5 mpaka 13. Ali ndi imvi kumbuyo komanso m'mimba wowala. Kutengera ndi malo omwe amakhala, khungu limasiyanasiyana. Samakumba timatumba, koma amakhala mwa alendo. Nyamayi ili ndi matumba akuluakulu komanso makutu ang'onoang'ono. M'madera ena, zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.
Grey hamster
Eversman Hamster ndi Mongolian Hamster
Mitundu ya Eversman hamsters imaphatikizapo makoswe awiri omwe ali ofanana mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi: Mongolia ndi Eversman. Nyama zonse ziwiri zimakonda mapiri ndi zipululu. Anthu a ku Mongolia amakhala kumapeto a dzikolo, kumpoto kwa China ndi Tuva.
Chikhalidwe cha ku Mongolia
Nyama zonse sizili zokulirapo kuposa 16 cm ndi mchira waufupi - 2 cm.Mongoli ndi yaying'ono pang'ono, mtundu wamsana ndiowowera ndipo palibe mawonekedwe amdima pakama, ngati hamster ya Eversman. Hamster Eversman amatha kukhala ndi utoto wolimba kwambiri wamtundu wakuda, wakuda kapena wagolide. Ma hamsters onse ali ndi mimba ndi miyendo yopepuka. Zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
Hamster wa Eversman
Barabinsky hamster
Nyamayi ndi yamtundu wa imvi zotuwa. Amakhala ku Western Siberia, Transbaikalia, Mongolia. Kutalika kwa thupi kukufika pa 12-13 masentimita, mchirawo ndi wa 3. cm. Wovalayo wavala malaya ofiira; chingwe chakuda chimathamangira kumbuyo: kuchokera kusiyanika mpaka kumamveka mosiyanasiyana. Kuwala pamimba mpaka koyera. Chowoneka ndi makutu amawu awiri okhala ndi malire oyera mozungulira m'mbali. Pali mitundu inayi ya hamsters.
Barabinsky hamster
Hamster wa Sokolov
Oimira osaphunzira pang'ono a genus of grey hamsters. Amakhala ku Mongolia ndi China. Mosiyana ndi anthu ena ambiri m'banjamo, sizivulaza kubzala mbewu zamphesa. Kukula kwa nyamayi ndi pafupifupi 11.5 mm. Ali ndi khungu la imvi komanso mimba yopepuka. Mchira wa hamster suwoneka. Kumbuyo kuli Mzere wakuda. Sakhala m'ndende nthawi yayitali, chifukwa pali zambiri zomwe zimafotokoza za iye.
Hamster wa Sokolov
Zomera zonunkha
Mchizi kapena hamster amakhala ku Canada ndi Mexico. Imakula mpaka masentimita 14, kuphatikiza mchira, kulemera kwake ndi 40-60 g. Khungu lake ndi lofiirira, pamimba pamtunda. Nyamayi imangodya tizirombo, abuluzi ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu ya hamsters monga chilombo ichi sichikupezekanso. Kuthana kwake kukhoza kukhala chinkhanira. Hamster amalimbana ndi poizoni. Ma hamsters ena nthawi zina amalimilira kwa masekondi angapo, ndikukweza mitu yawo. Izi zimadziwika kuti kukuwa kwa hamsters.
Zomera zonunkha
Hamster waku Siberia
Hamster ya ku Siberia imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwasintha kwa ubweya wamalaya. Woyimira pang'ono wabanjali chilimwe amavala chovala chakuda chakuda ndi chingwe chofiirira, ndipo zovala zachisanu chimakhala chovala ngati ubweya woyera wokhala ndi chingwe chakumaso kumbuyo. Nyama zimakula mpaka 10cm, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kunyumba ndiz 50 g.Chilengedwe, makoswe amakhala zaka 2.5, ali mu ukapolo - mpaka zaka 3.
Hamster waku Siberia
Chitibetan hamster
Ma hamwar a Dwarf Tibetan amakhala ku China. Mitundu iyi ya hamsters imatha kukhazikika m'mapiri pamtunda wa 4000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Nyamazo zimakula mpaka 11 cm, ndipo mchirawo ndi pafupifupi theka kutalika kwa thupi. Mtundu wawo ndi imvi ndi mitsempha yakuda ndi yakuda. Mchira wake ndiwopyapyala, ndipo mzere wakuda umayenderera pamwamba pake. M'mimba ndi gawo lotsika la kuwala kwa mchira.
Brandt Hamster Habitat
Brandt's Hamster ndiyofala ku Israel, ku Eastern Ciscaucasia, pafupi ndi Asia, Dagestan, ku Transcaucasia, kumapiri a Talysh, Turkey, Lebanon. Ambiri amakhala kumapiri, amakhala kudera lakutali ndi phala, mapiri, mapiri, chitsamba chamapiri. Koma mnzake wa ku Caucasus salekerera malo opanda chinyezi komanso opanda chinyezi. Koma makatani awa amatha kusinthika kukhala ndi moyo pamalo okwera mamitala 300 mpaka 3000 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira pa 15 mpaka 18 cm ndipo mchira wake umakhala wa 2 mpaka 3 cm.Ulitali wa m'mapazi ndi 16-26 mm.Ulitali ndi 42- 296 g.Makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozunguliridwa .. Kupaka ubweya wakumbuyo wamtambo ndi bulawuni. pakati pa forela nthawi zonse pamakhala banga lakuda lomwe limafikira pamapewa. Kumbali zonse, mutu umakhala wofiirira, wamtambo wakuda m'makutu, chibwano chake ndi choyera.Miyendo yoyera yokhala ndi miyendo. Chovala chonse chimakhala chofewa komanso chofewa, ndipo mchala wokhawo umakhala wonenepa kwambiri.
Monga ma hamsters ambiri a Old World, hamster ya Transcaucasian imadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa masaya. Thupi limapindika, mchira suwoneka, miyendo ndiyifupi. Colours - ubweya wakumbuyo umakhala wonenepa kwambiri m'chilimwe .. Mbali yotsika - kuyambira kuyera mpaka phulusa imvi. pakona pakamwa, kumata mzere wowirikiza, ndikugawana mutuwo mpaka kumafikira kumapeto. Mbali yakumtambayi ndi yakuda bii, yotsika, yotalika, yoyera. patsaya pamakhala malo achikasu. M'nyengo yozizira, ubweya umakhala wofinya. Zingwe za zygomatic zimayamba kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, zimafikira kumtengo waukulu kwambiri wa temporomandibular suture.Miyezo yamafupa yokhazikika nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 35. Gawo la mphuno limafupikitsidwa. Mafupa amphuno, mosiyana ndi omwe ali ku Cricetus hamsters, samayenda pang'ono. kuyandikira pang'ono The incisal kutseguka, kuyambira hafu ya kutalika, kukulira, ndikuwonetseratu kolowera yachitatu m'malo mofupikira mpaka kumapeto.
Kugawa
Caucasian hamster ndiofalikira ku Turkey, Israel, Lebanon ndi Eastern Ciscaucasia. Nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mapiri a mapiri. Imakhala m'malo opezeka udzu pamapiri otsetsereka, mapiri ndi malo olimidwa ndi anthu.
Madera a mapiri ndi mapiri a Transcaucasia ndi Western Asia Kummwera, imagawidwa kumapiri a Talysh komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Iran, kumpoto, ku Dagestan, - komwe kumapezeka kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa mtsinje wa Sulak. Ku Transcaucasia, malo ake amachokera kum'mawa kwa madera a Arsian ndi Likh, ku Madera onse okhala kumapiri kwa Georgia ndi Armenia kum'mwera kwa Georgia ndi Armenia.
Zolemba
- ↑ 12 Sokolov VE Katswiri wazilankhulo zisanu za mayina a nyama Mammals Latin, Russian, English, Germany, French / edited by Acad. VE Sokolov - M: Chilankhulo cha Russian, 1984 - C 161 - 10,000 nakala
- ↑ Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, ndi Mike Grayson Kutanthauzira kolondola kwa zolengedwa - Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009 - P 54 - 574 p - 97 978-0-8018-9304-9
Maulalo
- Vertebrates aku Russia: Brandt's Hamster
Kusintha nkhaniyi, ndikofunika:
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Chidziwitso cha Brandt Hamster Zokhudza
Wamng'ono waku Asia Hamster, Brandster's Hamster (Mesocricetus brandti Nehring, 1898), kuwona mtundu wa hamsters apakatikati. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 150 mm, kutalika kwa mchira mpaka 39 mm. Nyimbo zamtundu wonyezimira zimakhala zazitali kwambiri. Pansi pamunsi pathupi pake pamakhala chikasu kapena chofiirira, kokha pachifuwa pali malo akuda. Mzere wakuda ndi wocheperako, malo achikasu achikasu amalumikizidwa ndi malo owala kumbuyo. Kutseguka kwa incisal mu chigaza hakuchepetse kutsogolo ndipo kutsogolo kwawo kachitatu sikocheperako kuposa pakati. Pali ma chromosome 42 mu karyotype.
Hamster
Hamster wachichepere waku Asia ali ponseponse kumtunda wouma (300-3000 mamita kumtunda kwa nyanja) Asia Asia, Transcaucasia kumadzulo kwa Iran, Levant. Chimakhala m'mitengo ya chimanga-chowawa, mapelesi amtundu wosiyanasiyana, mitengo yamapiri, pafupi komanso pakati pa mbewu zaulimi. Popewa malo onyowa komanso achipululu. Little hamster waku Asia amakumba mabowo akuya kwambiri ndi zipinda zingapo komanso ma verti atatu osapita patsogolo, pomwe imodzi yokha imafika pamwamba. Chipinda chocheperako nthawi zina chimakhala chakuya kwa mamita 2. Mosiyana ndi mabowo a ma hamsters ena akulu, njira yokhazikika yomwe kukumba kumayambira imayamba, nthawi zambiri kutalika kwake mpaka chipinda choyamba chatsekedwa ndi lapansi. Kwa nthawi yozizira amagwera hibernation, nthawi yomwe imatengera kutalika kwa mtunda (mwachitsanzo, zofunda zimayambira ku Okutobala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Disembala).
Hamster pang'ono waku Asia amadya pamtundu wobiriwira ndi mbewu za zakutchire komanso zolimidwa. Imasungitsa nyengo yachisanu. Akazi akuluakulu amaberekera kawiri pachaka. Mumazira, mpaka ana 12-15. M'malo ena, zimayipa kwambiri mbewu za barele ndi mbewu zina. Wonyamula zachilengedwe wa tularemia ndipo, mwina, Q fever.
Brandt Hamster, kapena Transcaucasian hamster (lat. Mesocricetus brandti) - woimira mtundu wa hamsters wapakati, banja la hamster, makoswe.
Habitat ndi machitidwe. Hamster ya Brandt imapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia, ndipo imatha kusintha malo osiyanasiyana. Mtunduwu umakhala m'miyala ya mchenga, mapiri ndi malo olimapo, kumayiko okhala ndi masamba ochepa, momwe udzu umadzala. Malo okwera momwe ma hamtte a Brandt amakhalamo amachokera ku 1,000 mpaka 2,200 metres kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja. Hamster iyi imakumba mabowo kuti ikhale pobisalira, yomwe ili pakuya masentimita 50 mpaka 200 kuchokera pansi. Mizere iyi imakhala ndi mayunitsi angapo opita ku zipinda zodyeramo, kudyetsa ndi kupumula. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati hibernation.
Zakudya. Hamster ya Brandt imakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, koma imakhazikitsidwa pazomera ndi zitsamba. Amadyanso tizilombo, komanso amasungira nthawi yozizira kuchokera kumizu ndi masamba. Nthawi zambiri mbalame za Brandt zimakhazikika pafupi ndi minda ndikudya zakudya zomwe zimalimidwa, zomwe zimawoneka ngati tizirombo.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kuwopseza. Hamster ya Brandt ndi mitundu yosowa, ngakhale imasinthasintha kukhala ndi moyo wosiyanasiyana. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakhala pafupi ndi minda ndipo umawonedwa ngati tizilombo, zomwe zimakwiyitsa alimi am'deralo kumenyera hamtte wa Brandt ndikupangitsa kuti achulukane.
Kubalana. Zazikazi za Brandt hamster zimatha msinkhu wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu, pamene amuna ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Hamster ya Brandt imatha kubereka mpaka malita anayi pachaka ndi ana azaka khumi. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi masiku 14 mpaka 17.
Zolemba
- V. E. Flint, Mammals a USSR, Thought Publishing House, Moscow, 1965
Brandt's Hamster. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 150 mm, kutalika kwa mchira mpaka 39 mm. Mtundu wa kumtunda ndi brownish-fawn, tsaya limakhala lakuda, malo a chekiwo ndi akulu, limalumikizidwa ndi khutu lakumbuyo, m'mimba mwayera kuti kuwala, phulusa imvi, ndipo pali malo akuda pachifuwa pakati pa manja.
Zipupa zakutsogolo sizigwira mbali yakumbuyo ya bokosi la ubongo, zimasunthira kwambiri mbali yakumbuyo, kuchepetsa malire a mafupipafupi a trapezoidal, ndikupita kutsogolo kudera lamapeto kwakumapeto kwa mafupa amphuno, komwe kumafikiranso kumadera ena. Mbali zamtsogolo za chigaza ndizofanana kapena pafupi pang'ono kutsogolo, kutsegulaku kumayambira kukulira kuyambira hafu, ndipo panjira yawo yachitatuyo imalowera kwambiri mpaka kumapeto.
Kufalitsa. Mapiri okhala ndi mapiri a pontmont a Front (kumadzulo kwa Iran, Turkey) ndi gawo la Asia Minor ndi Transcaucasia. Zimapezekanso kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Ciscaucasia m'zipululu komanso kumapiri kwa Dagestan kumwera komanso kum'mawa kwa mtsinje. Sulaka (Buinaksk, Chir-Yurt, Buglen, etc.).
Ku Transcaucasia, mtundu wa hamster wa Brandt ndi wocheperako; magawo ake omwe amadziwika mu Shirak steppeus (Iorsky ndi Kartalinsky plateaus) komanso pakati komanso kumwera kwa Georgia (Tbilisi, Caspi, Kachreti, Karayazy, etc.). Ndiwochulukira kumadera ambiri akumapiri a Littleer Caucasus, makamaka madera akumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo, ku Nagorno-Karabakh ndi mapiri a Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ndi Talysh.
Zinthu zakale zakale zimadziwika kuyambira Pleistocene (kumadzulo kwa Georgia) kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa malire agawo.
Biology ndi kufunikira kwachuma. Ku Transcaucasia, kufalitsa hamster wokongola kwa Brandt sikungokhala chabe ndi malamba am'mapiri a xerophytic phala lambiri ndi gawo la mitengo yamapiri (kum'mwera kwa Armenia) pamtunda kuchokera pa 300 mpaka 3000 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. m., nthawi zambiri imapezeka mkati mwa 1200-2000 m. Kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Ciscaucasia kumakhala malo ophatikizidwa ndi udzu pamalo okwera mamitala 300-500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Minda yonyowa ndi yopanda kanthu imapewetsa, kukhazikika mofunitsitsa pafupi ndi mbewu.
Monga lamulo, limakhala mozikumba mochita kudziyimira palokha, pamapangidwe omwewo monga mitundu ina yayikulu ya hamsters, ndipo ku Ciscaucasia kokha ndi malo omwe amapezeka posinthidwa gawo la koluni ya boma. Bowo lomalizidwa limakhala ndi mbali zitatu kapena zitatu zokhotakhota kuchokera pamwamba, pomwe gawo limodzi lokha ndi lomwe limabwera pamwamba. Mosiyana ndi zotchingira za mitundu ina ikuluikulu ya subfamily, njira yokhazikika, yomwe kukumba kadzala kumayambira, nthawi zambiri imakhomeka ndi nthaka kutalika kwake kufikira chipinda choyamba. Malembawa amakhala akuya kwambiri: chipinda chodyera nthawi zina chimakhala chakuya mpaka mamita 2. Njira zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimaponderezedwa kuchokera pazitseko, ndipo pali malo ena omwe alibe masamba.
Mkhalidwe wazakudya ndi wofanana ndi mitundu ina Mesocricetus. Palibe zambiri pamitengo yosungira; nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, masamba a chimanga, clover, ndi maambulera adapezeka.
Akazi akuluakulu amaberekera kawiri pachaka. Chiwerengero cha achinyamata chafika pa 12-15. M'mwezi wa June, nyama zodyera kale, zomwe, popeza zinali zitafika polekezera kukula, zikuyamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Kutalika kwa nthawi hibernation kumasiyanasiyana ndi kutalika kwa mtunda, mwachitsanzo, kumachitika kuyambira Okutobala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Disembala.
M'malo ena hamster wa Brandt amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu za barele. Zikopa zimagwera m'matumba.
Kusintha kwa malo. Osaphunziridwa. Onani M. auratus Chinyumba chamadzi, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yothandizira, chimasiyana ndi Asia Little hamster cytogenetically. Kusiyana koteroko kwa Pre-Caucasian hamster sikudziwika, ndizotheka kuti anthu omwe amapezeka kumalo opezeka Dlandstan omwe ali osinthika kukula ndi mtundu pakati pa magulu ochepa a Pre-Caucasian hamster ndi Asia Little hamster.
Zambiri: Zoyang'anira ku USSR. Gawo 1. Kusindikiza Nyumba ya USSR Academy of Science. Moscow-Leningrad, 1963