Kuchokera ku banja lonse Ma lemurs osiyanasiyana - wamkulu. Mosiyana ndi mandimu ena ambiri, kutalika kwa mchirawo kuli pafupifupi kutalika kwa thupi - pafupifupi 60 cm. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wokongola wowala: utoto waukulu umakhala wofiira ndi malo oyera pakhosi ndimimba yakuda ndi mchira. Tsitsi ndi lalitali m'mphepete mwa mutu, ndikupanga "ndevu". Komwe kuli chizindikiro ndi payekha komanso kumasiyana pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. Miyendo ya kumbuyo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo.
Nyama zoterezi zimakhala m'malo obiriwira a nkhalango yakum'mawa kwa Madagascar.
Khalani ndi moyo wamitengo. Amasungidwa ndi magulu am'banja, omwe ali ndi anthu awiri kapena asanu. Mu gululi, akazi amalamulira. Amathera nthawi yochulukirapo pokongoletsa, makamaka kuwunika mchira mosamala. Pa chala chachiwiri cha miyendo yakumbuyo pali chiwalo chomwe chimagwira ubweya. Amakonda nthambi zazitali zopingasa, pomwe zimayenda molunjika komanso mwachangu, kuwongolera mchirawo ngati chopingasa.
Mawu oti "lemur" amamasuliridwa kuti "mzimu wakufa". Awa ndi achikondi kwambiri, nyani wamkulu atazolowera anthu. Koma ndikofunikira kuyambitsa mkwiyo wawo, pamene nyama zokongola ndi zofatsa izi zimaphulika phokoso logontha, zosayembekezereka kwa nyama zokongola ngati izi.
Mitundu ya lemurs mu June - Julayi. Mimba imatenga masiku 90-102, ndiye kuyambira 1 mpaka 6 cubs (nthawi zambiri 2) amabadwa. Mpaka masabata awiri kapena atatu, amamatirira m'mimba mwa mayiyo, kenako ndikukwera kumbuyo kwake. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amayamba kudzilamulira okha, ndipo pakatha miyezi 18 mpaka 20 amatha kutha msinkhu.
Ogwira ntchito kwambiri masana. Ma lemoni amapangidwa ndi nkhuyu, nthochi, ndi zipatso zina, komanso masamba ndi maluwa.
Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu International Red Book.
Ma lemurs awiri ophika adafika ku Chelyabinsk Zoo kuchokera ku St. Amakhala mu umodzi mwa malo omwe amatulutsidwa "World Trrop World". Izi ndi nyama zokonda komanso chidwi kwambiri, zomwe ndizosangalatsa kuyang'ana.
Ma lemur ofiira
Ma lemur ofiira (kapena ofiira mosiyanasiyana) amakhala m'malo otentha kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Madagascar. Lemur iyi imatchedwanso lemur red red.
Kuphatikiza apo, mandimu osiyanasiyana amakhala kum'mawa kwa Mtsinje wa Antainambalan. Mtsinjewo ndi malire achilengedwe okonzanso nyumba zokhala ndi mandimu ofiira komanso kulowerera kwawo kwa nyumba zokhala ndi mandimu akuda ndi oyera.
Ginger Vary (Varecia rubra).
Kutalika kwa thupi la mandimu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 55, mchira wina umawonjezeredwa kutalika uku, masentimita 60 mulifupi. Akuluakulu amalemera kuchokera pa kilogalamu 3.5 mpaka 4.5.
Ma lemurs omwe amadzuka amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, pomwe chifuwa, mphumi, mchira ndi mbali zamkati zamiyendo ndiz zakuda. Kumbuyo kwa khosi, kuli malo oyera, omwe ali osiyana ndi mitunduyi.
Zosiyanasiyana (zofiira) - lemurs kuchokera pafupifupi. Madagascar
Amuna atha kukhala ofanana ndi achikazi, kapena atha kukhala ochepa kuposa iwo. Makani amuna amuna ndi okulirapo. Akazi amalamulira amuna. Amuna achikulire malinga ndi maubale olimbirana amakhala ocheperako kwa akazi, pomwe akazi, monga lamulo, samawonetsa ukali kwa amuna.
Ma lemurs ofiira a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala m'mabanja a anthu 2-16. Nthawi zambiri, chiwerengero cha anthu am'banja ndi mandimu 2-5. Gulu lirilonse limakhala pazogawana zake zokha, alendo saloledwa kuderali, mamembala onse a gulu amateteza malire. Pokhudzana ndi osadziwika, mandimu ofiira amawonetsa ukali.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi mandimu othamanga.
Nthawi zambiri, mandimuwa amakhala chete, koma ngati ali pachiwopsezo, amafuula mokweza komanso molimba. Oyimira banja amodzimodzi amalankhulana komanso kumvetsetsa bwino abale awo, mwachitsanzo, amatha kupereka chizindikiro chowopsa kapena kuyimba wina kuchokera pagulupo. Nyamazo zimakhala ndi mitundu 12 ya ma siginolo omveka.
Adani achilengedwe amtunduwu ndi chiwombankhanga, njoka ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana zolusa. Zakudya za mandimu ofiira zimakhala ndi zipatso, masamba, mphukira ndi timadzi tokoma ta mbewu. Nthawi yambiri yophika imakhala pamitengo. Nthawi yakumwa, mamembala amtundu amabalalika kumadera akulu ndikupeza chakudya, ndipo nthawi yamvula akazi onse amasonkhana mgulu limodzi.
Mapira ofiira ndi herbivorous.
Kutha msamba mumtsempha wofiira wa lemurs kumachitika zaka 2. Nthawi yakukhwima imachitika mu Meyi-Julayi. Nthawi ya bere imachuluka masiku 90 mpaka 90. Kufikira ana 6 obadwa kumene amatha kuwoneka nthawi, koma, monga lamulo, zazikazi sizimaberekanso ana atatu. Cook mandimu okha ndiwo anyani omwe amabereka ana ambiri nthawi. Yaikazi imatha kudyetsa ana a 6, popeza ili ndi amuna 6 amuna.
Mosiyana ndi abale awo, ma lemurs amabwerera sanyamula ana awo kumbuyo ngati adadyetsedwa. Ana obisalamo amakhalamo m'misasa yapadera yomwe zazikazi zimapanga masamba. Akazi amapanga zisa zotere pamitengo yamitengo, ndipo zimapendekeka pansi ndi tsitsi lawo. Ana sangathe kugwiritsitsa tsitsi la amayi awo ndi manja awo, chifukwa chake ngati pakufunika kusuntha, azimayi amawachotsa m'mano mwake ngati mphaka.
Vary amakhala zaka 20.
M'mitundu yambiri ya anyani, mamembala onse a gululi nthawi yomweyo amayamba kulumikizana ndi akhanda, koma mandimu ofiira amtundu wa akazi samalola kuti wina atseke pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Pazaka 20, ana amatha kusuntha ndi mamembala ena a gululi. Samasiya amayi awo, chifukwa chake amaphunziranso zinsinsi za kupulumuka.
Lemurs, monga anyani onse, amaphatikizana tsitsi la wina ndi mnzake, mwakutero amasonyeza kumvera chisoni mabanja. Ma lemurs ofiira samayang'ana majeremusi osati ndi zala zawo, koma ndi mano awo apansi, amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati chisa.
Mwachilengedwe, mandur ofiira ofiira amakhala pafupifupi zaka 15-20. Chiwerengerochi chiri pachiwopsezo, motero amalemba amtunduwu adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.
Makhalidwe akuthupi
Ma lemurs a mitundu ndi mamembala akulu kwambiri am'banja la lemur, ndipo mtunduwu ndiwamkulu kwambiri pa awiriwa. Amalemera makilogalamu 3.3-3.6 (7.3-7.9 mapaundi). Amatalika pafupifupi 53cm (21 inches), ndi 60 cm (24 inches) mchira. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Ali ndi matupi oonda komanso miyendo yayitali. Ma mandimu ofiira ophika amakhala ndi chida chopapatiza chokhala ndi makutu a kumbuyo a kumbuyo, omwe nthawi zina amabisika ndi tsitsi lawo lalitali. Amadzisamalira pogwiritsa ntchito chipeso chawo pafupipafupi.
Monga dzina lawo linanenedwa, ali ndi dzimbiri ndi thupi loyera. Mitu yawo, m'mimba, michira, miyendo ndi mkati mwa miyendo yawo ndi yakuda. Amakhala ndi khungu loyera kumbuyo kwa khosi, komanso atha kukhala ndi zoyera pamiyendo kapena pakamwa.
Khalidwe
Wophika ginger ndi nyama yoyera kwambiri ndipo amatha nthawi yambiri kudzisamalira komanso kusamalira anthu. Zing'onoting'ono zam'munsi (mano okutsogolo) ndi bulangeti chala chakumiyendo chakumanzere: Zimasinthidwa mwapadera chifukwa cha khalidweli. Zoyambitsa zam'munsi zimamera patsogolo motsatira mzake komanso ndi phokoso laling'ono. Izi zimapanga chisa chowirikiza chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ubweya wautali, wofewa. Claw imagwiritsidwanso ntchito posamalira tsitsi.
Buluzi wokhala ndi mutu wofiira limakhala zaka 15- 15 kuthengo. Ali ku ukapolo, zaka 25 sizachilendo, ndipo wina adakhala zaka pafupifupi 33. Ichi ndi nyama ya tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo imagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Njira zamagulu
Izi, monga lamulo, timakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, a anthu wamba 2-16, koma magulu osakwana 32 adalembedwa. Zakudya zake zimakhala ndi zipatso, timadzi tokoma ndi mungu. Masamba ndi njere zimatha kudyedwa pomwe zipatsozo zikusowa. Ma lemurs ofiira nthawi zina amapanga magulu akuluakulu nthawi yamvula, chakudya chikakhala chochuluka. Onsewa adzapeza chakudya chimodzi komanso chakudya chimodzi monga gulu. M'nyengo yamvula nthawi zambiri amadzigawanitsa ndikupeza chakudya pawokha zipatso zikakhala zochepa. Khalidwe lachilendo ili, monga ma lemurs ena ambiri am'mimba, limakhalabe limodzi ndikupanga chakudya m'magulu akulu ngakhale nthawi yamvula. Kafukufuku wammunda akuwonetsa kuti mandimu ofiira a Warm, ofanana ndi oyera ndi oyera a Warm, amatha kupezeka mu awiriawiri kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Anthu m'nkhalangoyi amalankhula kudzera m'mawu akulira kwambiri komwe kumamveka patali kwambiri.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Ma lemurs ofunira a redur akula msinkhu wazaka pafupifupi ziwiri, ndikuyamba kubereka pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Mosiyana ndi anyani ena onse amasana, zazikazi zimasungira ana awo zisa 10-20 pamtunda pamwamba pa zinyalala, zopangidwa ndi nthambi, masamba, mipesa ndi ubweya. Monga ma lemurs onse ndi zolengedwa zambiri ku Madagascar, imakhala ndi nyengo yokhazikika yobereketsa, yomwe imachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo yadzuwa (kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi). Ndi chaching'ono kwambiri kubadwa nthawi yamvula pomwe chakudya chambiri chilipo. Ma lemurs nawonso ndi anyani okha omwe ali ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, ndipo, atatha masiku osangalatsa a masiku 102, wamkazi amatha kubereka asanu ndi mmodzi, ngakhale awiri kapena atatu ali chimodzimodzi. Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala ndi ubweya ndipo amatha kuwona, koma popeza samatha kuyenda, wamkazi amawasiyira m'chisa mpaka ali ndi milungu isanu ndi iwiri. Amayi amatha kubereka mpaka ana asanu ndi mmodzi nthawi imodzi. Mtundu wofiyira wakhanda sukula monga kubadwa monga lemurs zina. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mabatani a red mutu amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri ya pakati. Pakubadwa, ana sangathe kugwirabe kwa amayi awo. Akasuntha ana, amawatenga mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Amayi nthawi zambiri amasamutsa mwana wawo pachisa mu sabata limodzi kapena awiri. Akamudyetsa, amasiya mwana wake mumtengo wapafupi. Pakupita masiku ochepa atabereka, mayi akatuluka mu chisacho, bambo amakhala osamala. Kuyamwa kumachitika miyezi inayi. Akuyerekeza kuti 65% ya achinyamata sofika zaka zitatu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa chakugwa kuchokera kumitengo.
Malo osungira
Mndandanda wofiira wa IUCN umanena kuti mutu wofiira uli pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Kudula mitengo, nyumba zoyaka moto, chamkuntho, migodi, kusaka, ndi kugulitsa ziweto ndizowopsa. Amakhalanso ndi zilombo monga zachilengedwe monga njoka zazikulu, ziwombankhanga, ndi dzenje. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Masuala mu 1997 kunathandizira kuteteza nyamayi, koma mandimu ofiira osiyanasiyana sakhala mkati mwamalire a pakiyo, ndipo adakali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha ndi kuchepa kwa nyama zakuthengo. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kwachulukanso kuyambira mu 2009, zomwe zapangitsa kuti malo achilengedwe akhazikikenso. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa mandimu ofiira a mandera ndi 590 nyama. Chiwerengero cha mandimu ofiira chimatumizidwa ku njira yopulumukira ya mitundu. Zina mwa malo osungirako zinthu zamtunduwu zimathandizana kuswana ndi kusamalira anthu ogwidwa. Popewa kubala, nyama zogwidwa zakutchire zimaloŵetsedwa m'dongosolo la kubereka.
Momwe malo athu akusamalirira:
Habitat
Ma lemurs ofiira, omwe ndi akuluakulu kwambiri a mandimu, amapezeka kokha m'malo otentha a Masoala National Park kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Madagascar. Khazikikani m'mitengo yamagulu a anthu 15-20.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Amadya zipatso, masamba, mphukira zazing'ono zamitengo. Makonda azichitira - mkuyu.
Zosangalatsa
Zosiyanasiyana ndi gawo limodzi mwa zigawo zakale za pansi. Kutentha kofiira masiku ano kuli pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala zachilengedwe, chitukuko cha mafakitale, kusaka ndi malonda osaloledwa ndizomwe zikuwopseza kwambiri kukhalapo kwa mitunduyi. Palinso adani achilengedwe: nkhosazo, ziwombankhanga ndi boas.
Thandizani ziweto za zoo "White Kangaroo"
Okondedwa, wathu Zoo "White Kangaroo" wazaka 5 amapereka chisangalalo cholankhula ndi ziweto zathu kwa inu ndi okondedwa anu.
Chopereka cha aliyense wa ife polimbana ndi kufala kwa kachilomboka ndikudzipatula. Chifukwa chake, malo athu osungira nyama atsekedwa kwa mwezi wopitilira, chifukwa chokhala okhaokha. Tili ndi vuto. Ndalama zosungira nyama zikusowa kwambiri, chifukwa chake timakakamizidwa kuti tikufunse nonse thandizo.
Mutha kutero kupereka kuchuluka kulikonse gulani tikiti zotseguka. Ndalama zonse zomwe zimagulitsidwa tikiti ndikugulitsa zopereka zimapita kukadyetsa nyama ndi malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amawasamalira iwo modzifunira. Matikiti onse omwe agulidwa adzakhala ogwira ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa 2020.
Tikukhulupirira kuti zinthu zisintha posachedwa ndipo mutha kubwera kudzationa. Gulu lathu ndi ziweto zathu zonse tidzakhala othokoza kwambiri kwa inu chifukwa cha thandizo lililonse!
Igor Akimushkin. Dziko la nyama. Gawo 2
Ma lemurs onse owona ali ndi michira yobiriwira, yayitali, yamtundu umodzi. Pa katta kokha mchira wake umakhala ndi mphete zakuda ndi zoyera. M'mtundu wa mandimu enieni, pali mitundu inanso isanu, yonse imakhala pamitengo, ndipo katta pansi ndipo nthawi zambiri imapewa nkhalango ndi mitengo, m'malo mwake imakhala miyala yam'mwera ku Madagascar. Njira yake yamoyo nthawi zambiri masana, monga, mwadzidzidzi, pakati pa oimira ena amtundu wake, kuphatikiza ndi lemur zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zokha zomwe zimamanga zisa.
Ma lemurs onse m'njira imodzi kapena ina amalembera malire a katundu wawo. Ena amachita ngati halo ndi osalala, ena amachita mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mandimu akuda. Ali ndi thukuta tambiri tambiri m'manja mwake ndi m'manja, ndipo mwachangu amapaka nthambi za mitengo ndi manja ake.
Gulu lililonse la mandimu akuda limakhala ndi magawo ake odyetsa. Ngati oyandikana nawo amaphwanya, eni ufulu aliyense amathamangira kuteteza malire awo. Phokoso, kufuula, kulimbana zili ponseponse pamikangano yodutsa malire. Koma malo ogona usiku, nthawi zonse m'malo amodzi, ndizofala pakati pama magulu ambiri omwe anali akuchita nkhondo wina ndi mzake masana. Gulu lililonse limabwera kumeneko panjira, kulengeza nkhalango zamtchire ndi mfuu panjira, ndipo mbandakucha limasiyanso njira yomweyo. Pamaso pake pali mayi wokhala ndi bere loyera kwambiri, kumbuyo kwake ndi pachifuwa ena onse. Kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe ka chipilalako kumakhala kochedwa kapena kumachepetsa, otsalira kumbuyo, ndipo nthawi zonse kumakhalapo, mokweza mokwiya, kuwadikirira. Nthawi zambiri ana amakhala kumbuyo. Ndipo ndi ana, aliyense wopezeka mu paketiyo ndi wodekha komanso wosamala. Kaya ndi zawo, kapena alendo, amaponderezedwa, opunduka, osenda.
Chifukwa chachikazi chokhala ndi bere loyera, kusamvetsetsa kwachilengedwe kunachitika. Amuna a mandimu awa ndi a bulauni-akuda, ndipo akazi ndi ofiira ndi ndevu zoyera, ndevu zazitali. Poyamba zidaganiziridwa kuti onse ndi nyama za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pamitengo yakuda, kapena macaque, lemurs imadumphira pamtunda wamamita asanu ndi atatu ndikuthamangira kudutsa masamba ngati mbalame! Mbalame zodya nyama zikadzawathamangitsa, ma mandimu akuda amadzipulumutsa ngati njenjete zochoka kumayendedwe a mileme: zimagwa kutalika kwa mtengowo, kuwombera mphezi zamiyala ndikutuluka, kenako - pansi pamitengo yamitengo kupita ku mtengo wakutali ndikudutsa maphiri.
Ndipo lemur ndiyosangalatsa. Amakhala ndi akasinja obowola komanso kolala yakumaso. Ndipo ubweya wake ndiwotundira modabwitsa kwa munthu wokhala m'malo otentha, omwe amakhala kuti mitsinje yambiri siimabowola. Imapakidwa utoto wokongola kwambiri: m'mitundu ina, piebald, ubweya wakuda ndi zoyera, ena - ofiira. Amakhala munkhalango zazitali kumpoto kwa chilumbachi.
Lemur katta. Lemur yekhayo ndi mchira wakuda ndi Woyera komanso wamizere.
Vary ndiye nyama yokhayo yochokera ku mtundu wa mandimu enieni. Ndipo yekhayo amene amangapo zisa. Yaikaziyo, ana ake asanabadwe, imang'amba ubweya mbali zake ndikuyika chisa pamodzi. Mayi wakhanda amavala, ngati lamba, kudutsa pamimba, pambuyo pake kumbuyo.
Ma lemurs onse owona ali ndi michira yobiriwira, yayitali, yamtundu umodzi. Pa katta kokha mchira wake umakhala ndi mphete zakuda ndi zoyera. M'mtundu wa mandimu enieni, pali mitundu inanso isanu, yonse imakhala pamitengo, ndipo katta pansi ndipo nthawi zambiri imapewa nkhalango ndi mitengo, m'malo mwake imakhala miyala yam'mwera ya Madagascar. Njira yake yamoyo nthawi zambiri masana, monga, mwadzidzidzi, pakati pa oimira ena amtundu wake, kuphatikiza ndi lemur kusiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zokha zomwe zimamanga zisa.
Mchira wa katta ndiye chidziwitso chachikulu: monga mbendera yakuda ndi yoyera, yosunthika, imakondweretsa abwenzi a katta.Katati ikatsogolera “mbendera” yawo kulowera, imatsuka, imakhuta. Koma nthawi zambiri kumayambira kwa "Mafunso" kumayambitsidwa ndi kumeza mchira. Kutumiza pansi pake ndikulola kuti idutse pansi pamimba pakati pamiyendo yonse inayi, katta imakanikiza kumapeto kwa mchira kulowa mkatikati mwa dzanja lamanja ndi lamanzere. Ma Rubles motsutsana ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadziti. Popeza wakola mchira wake, amuchikweza pamutu pake, ndikuwupukusira, ngati kuti akumasulira kununkhira komwe kumatenga mchira mumphepo, kufinya, kuyeretsa, ndikuwonekera.
Ikayimilira miyendo yake yakumbuyo, katta imabweretsa mchira wake kutsogolo, ndikugwadira dzanja lamanja kapena lamanzere kwa iyo, ndikupukusanso mchira wayo. Amatenga masamba, zidutswa za khungwa kuchokera pansi, ndikuzikakamiza kupita ku tiziwalo tofanana, timapukutira ndi mayendedwe akuthwa. Kenako amapukutira kunthambi ndi manja a m'manja, mkondo ndi kumat, zomwe Katt amakhalanso nazo.
Katta amayenda padziko lapansi, akumakoka mchira wake kumbuyo kwake. Nthochi zamtchire ndi nkhuyu zimadyedwa mosamala kuti zisaipitse ubweya. Atatenga kachotsekerako, amatulutsa m'mano ndi mano ake, kenako, ndikuponyera mutu wake kuti madziwo atulukire mkamwa ndipo osasambitsa ubweya, amadya chipatsocho. Amakonda kusenda, "kutentha kwa dzuwa" padzuwa, amakhala pamwala ndikufalitsa miyendo inayi ndi mchira kutali. Kudumpha kwa nyamayo ndikabwino komanso kwabwino: amalumpha mikono itatu, ngati mpira wa mphira, popanda zovuta.
Osiyanasiyana, monga katta, oyeretsa, amamuwona pamene mtendere wake wa mumtima suphwanyidwa. Koma, ndikusangalala kapena kuchita mantha, imasiyira kulira koipitsitsa komanso kosamva kotero kuti chisanu chimalowa ngakhale kwa womvera wakutali. Akadzidzimuka akafuula m'malo osungira nyama, vuto limabwera ndi alendo amanjenje. Mu nkhalango zamapiri zamtchire, zokhazikika, zimalira mobwerezabwereza, kulira kwachisangalalo - makamaka kulira.
Mwa kulira koperekaku pamtima ndi njira yodumphira m'mawa dzuwa lili ndi manja otambasuka ndi mpukutu moyang'ana dzuwa (popemphera), a Malgas amaganiza kuti nyani wamkuluyu ndi wopembedza dzuwa.
Amachita mantha ndipo sanakhumudwitse wophika. Ndipo amazigwiritsa ntchito kuti asamaope anthu. Masiku ano, chitukuko ndi maphunziro zamasula ambiri ku zikhulupiriro zamakedzana, ndipo olemba anzawo amataya "chikalata" chodzitetezera. Chifukwa chake ndizosadabwitsa komanso kosiyana momwe thanzi kapena kufa kwa nyama zimatengera chikhulupiriro chakale cha munthu mu zauzimu.
Alfred Bram. Buku la Moyo Wanyama I Mammals
Ambiri mwa akatswiri akale omwe adawonapo zachilengedwe adawona m'zinyama kuti tsopano tikuwerenganso anyani enieni ndipo tidaziphatikiza ndi izi: ife, mmalo mwake, timasiyanitsa anyani amtundu wathunthu ngati lamulo lodziimira lokha, popeza nyama izi sizofanana kwambiri ndi nyani thupi, ndi kakonzedwe ka mano. Ngakhale dzina la omwe ali ndi zida, zomwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito anyani, limakonda kukhala lemur, chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa mikono ndi miyendo sikumatchulidwanso kuposa nyani. M'malingaliro athu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ma lemurs ngati gawo losinthika kuchokera ku anyani kupita kumalo osungirako nyama, kapena ngati mbadwa za nyama zomwe sizikudziwika tsopano, zokhudzana ndi ma prenatals, mulimonse, sizingachitike ndi nyani.
Miyendo yakumbuyo kwanu ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutsogolo ndipo ndiyofunikira kukula kwake. Mapazi mumtundu wina ndifupikitsa, mwa ena, mosiyana, amasiyana kutalika. Kukula kwa mchira kulinso kosiyanasiyana: mu mandimu ambiri ndiwotalikirapo kuposa thupi, mwa ena umadutsa mu mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino, ena amakhala wokutidwa ndi tsitsi, ena amakhala wamariseche. Maso akulu, atasinthika kuti athe kuwona mumdima, ma auricles opangidwa bwino, nthawi zina, omata, tsitsi, komanso ubweya wofewa, wandiweyani, womwe umasinthidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba mumtundu wina wa nyani popanda kusiyanitsa, amakhala ndi mandimu ngati tulo kapena usiku. Mano a nyama izi, molingana ndi malo, mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndizosiyana kwambiri kuposa nyani. Chigoba chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuzungulira kwamphamvu kwa nape, mafupa owoneka amfupi koma owoneka bwino komanso mbali yayikulu yamaso, moyandikana, ndi mafupa awo otchuka mozungulira. Komabe, m'miyendo ya m'maso simayimira kukhoma kwathunthu, koma yolumikizidwa ndi kutseguka kwa gawo lamtambo.
Semi-anyani agawika m'mabanja atatu: woyamba, ochulukirapo, ma lemurs okha (a Lemuridae) ndi ake, enawo awiri ndi banja. Tarsidae (tarsiers) ndi izi. Leptodactyla (mikono) - amangokhala ndi mawonekedwe 1 okha.
Aroma adatcha mizimu ya mandimu akufa, yomwe abwino amasamalira banja ndi nyumba mwa mawonekedwe a Lara, ndipo oyipawo, mumayendedwe oyendayenda ndi mizukwa yoyipa, adavutitsa anthu osauka. Koma sayansi yamakono imatanthawuza ndi dzina ili, ngakhale ilinso maliseche osakhalitsa, koma osaphatikizika konse, koma nyama zokhala ndi mnofu ndi magazi okhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola kapena osawoneka bwino. Ma lemurs amenewa akuimira, gawo lachiwonetsero chonse chomwe tili nacho, banja losiyana lomwe limagawikana mitundu yambiri. Ponena za mawonekedwe a mandimu, banja ili limaphatikizapo zonse zomwe zimadziwika kuti nyama zadongosolo lomwe tangolifotokoza, popeza mabanja onse awiri a anyani amphwayi amasiyana kwambiri ndi ma lemurs okha meno, kapangidwe ka mikono ndi miyendo, komanso chovala.
Malo okhala lemurs kwambiri ndi chisumbu cha Madagascar ndi zilumba zoyandikana nazo, kuphatikiza apo, amachokera ku Africa, kufalikira kudutsa mumsewu wapakati wa gawo lino la dziko lapansi, kuyambira kummawa mpaka kugombe lakumadzulo, ndipo ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yomwe imakhala ku India komanso ku zilumba za Sunda. Koma, kusiyapo, mitundu yonse ya banja la lemur imakhala m'nkhalango, amakonda nkhalango zosakwatiwa zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso ndi tizilombo kwa ena. Ngakhale samapewa anthu mwachindunji, samayang'ana anthu. Pokhala nyama zochulukirapo mosachedwa, ma lemurs, monga mamembala onse a gulu lawo, amakwera m'malo akuda kwambiri a m'nkhalangomo kapena m'maenje a mitengo masana ndikugona pamenepo, kugona kapena kukumbatirana. Nthawi yomweyo, ma poses awo ndi achilendo kwambiri: amakhala ngati ali ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, akugwirizira nthambiyo ndi manja awo ndikutsitsa mitu yawo pansi pakati pa kutsogolo ndikukulunga mitu yawo ndi mapewa mchira, kapena amawapinda awiriawiri, kumangirira mikono yawo mozungulira kwambiri kuti apange mawonekedwe mpira: ngati musokoneza mpira wa ubweya wotere, ndiye kuti mitu iwiri imatuluka, mwadzidzidzi, womwe maso akulu, odabwitsidwa amayang'ana osaphwanya mtendere wawo.
Kugona kwa mandimu ndizovuta kwambiri. Ambiri aiwo amadziwikanso ndi kulira kwa kwa ntchentche yowuluka: komanso makutu awo kenako amatukula, maso awo akuluakulu kugona tulo, koma kwa kamphindi kokha, chifukwa nyama izi zimachita mantha kwambiri kutacha. Tsiku lonse siziwoneka konse, ndipo ndikangoyamba kumene kucha zochita zawo zimayamba. Kenako amakhala ndi moyo, kutsuka ubweya, kusisita, kumveketsa mawu osasangalatsa, kenako kupita kokagula nyama mwa malo awo osaka mlengalenga. Kenako moyo wachilendo umayamba pamtundu uliwonse wa lemur.
Mitundu yambiri imalira mofuula yomwe imatha kudzaza poyambira ndi mantha, chifukwa imafanana ndi kubangula kwa nyama zowopsa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mkango. Kubangula kumeneku kukuwoneka kuti kukuwonetsa, ngati ma lemurs, ngati nyama zina, kuyambiranso ntchito zawo zamadzulo, pambuyo pake amayenda malo omwe adawasankhira kukasaka kapena m'malo modyetsa msipu wokhala ndi kusunthika, uhule ndi ukalamba zomwe sizingatheke kuwona kwa kugona kwawo masana. Kenako iwo, mwina, amaposa anyaniwo mu luso lokwera, kudumpha ndi kupindika.
Kusemphana kwathunthu kwa izi kumapangidwa ndi nthumwi zina za banja la lemur: mwakachetechete, modzidzimutsa, iwo amakhala pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa nthambi kupita ku nthambi, maso awo akulu owazungulira amawoneka ngati malawi amoto, mayendedwe awo amakhala chete komanso mwadala kuti ngakhale khutu lomvera siligwira mawu amodzi. , zomwe zikanawonetsa kukhalapo kwa cholengedwa. Tsoka kwa mbalame yogona yosasunthika, yomwe kuyang'ana uku ndi uku! Palibe MIndiya m'modzi amene amathawira kudutsa njira yankhondo - panalibe munthu wamagazi akufikira mdani ali ndi zolinga zoyipa kuposa mandimu anyama kuti agone. Popanda phokoso lililonse, pafupifupi popanda kuyenda kowoneka, amakonzanso mwendo umodzi pambuyo pa unzake ndi njira zambiri kufikira atakafikira wolakwayo. Kenako, mosamala komanso chete, amatukula dzanja limodzi ndikuyigwira mwakachetechete mpaka atatsala pang'ono kugona ndi mkaziyo. Pomaliza, pakuyenda kuthamanga kwambiri kwakuti diso silingathe kuligwira, ndipo mbalame yogona isanayerekeze kukhalapo kwa mdani wake woopsayo, imakhazikika kale ndipo idang'ambika. Palibe amene angayerekezere umbombo womwe, mwachionekere, nyama yosavulaza ija idya nyama yophedwa ija! Anapiye onse ndi mazira adzafa, ngati mbalame yogona, ngati mphalapala zimatseguka.
Maluso awo auzimu ndi osakwanira, ndi ochepa okha omwe amasankha mosangalatsa pankhaniyi. Onse ndi amantha, amantha, ngakhale amadziteteza molimba mtima akagwidwa. Popeza adazolowera anthu, pamlingo wina amadalira, amakhala odekha, mwamtendere komanso mwamakhalidwe, koma samachedwa mantha. Mitundu ina ya mandimu, komabe, imayanjananso mosavuta ndi kutaya kwa ufulu wawo ndikupereka kwa munthu yemwe amakonda kuperekanso ntchito zodziwika bwino, mwachitsanzo, kusaka nyama zina. Mitundu yopanda kanthu, m'malo mwake, imakhala mu ukapolo mokhulupirika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osachedwa kupsa mtima, imakwiya ikasokonekera, ndikuphunzira pang'ono kusiyanitsa kuwasamalira ndi anthu ena omwe sakukhulupirira kwenikweni.
Malemimu onse aatali kwambiri opangidwa ndi mandimu onse ndi Indri (Lichanotus), wotchedwa Madagass Babacoto. Wodziwika bwino kwambiri mwa ma indriyas awiri omwe adapezeka pakadali pano, Lichanotus brevicaudatus afika kutalika kwa 2 mapazi. Masiku 91/2, omwe osachepera 1 inchi (2,5 cm) ayenera kupangidwa ndi mchira. Mutu wapakatikati wapakati umakhala ndi chopondera, maso ang'ono ndi makutu omwewo, pafupifupi wobisidwa kwathunthu mu tsitsi. Thupi lonse, kutsogolo ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, yodziwika ndi chitukuko champhamvu chala, imakutidwa ndi ubweya wofewa. Mphumi, korona, mmero, dera lachiwongola, zidendene ndi mbali zoyera, makutu, mutu, mapewa, nkono ndi manja ndi zakuda, kumbuyo kwakumanzere ndi mwendo wotsika ndi zofiirira, mbali yakumaso ya kumbuyo ndi miyendo yake ndi yakuda.
M'malo mochita manyazi komanso mantha, mandimu amatha kutchedwa kuti osamala. Kutanthauzira kumeneku sikukugwirizana kwenikweni komanso zowona.
Mtundu wa lemurs, kapena ma poppies (Lemur), ndi a banja la Lemuridae (Lemuridae).
Lemurs nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mu ukapolo. Chojambula chojambulira - lemur wakuda (Lemur macaco) wakhala m'malo osungirako nyama ku London kwazaka zopitilira 27.
Ma poppies odziwika kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (Lemur varius), yodziwika ndi ubweya wokutidwa ndi masamba oyera ndi akuda. M'malingaliro osiyanasiyana, mtunduwu ndi wosiyana, mu mtundu wakuda umapambana, winawo ndi woyera. Vari ndi amodzi mwa mapapa akuluakulu, amakula ndi mphaka wamkulu. Komabe, mitundu ina siyotsika kwa iye pankhaniyi. Mtundu wina, catta (L. catta), umasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kwa mawonekedwe ake ndi mchira wautali, wokutidwa ndi mphete zoyera ndi zakuda. Mtundu wowoneka bwino wa ubweya wake wandiweyani, wofewa komanso wautoto ndi imvi, ukusandulika phulusa, kenako wofiyira. Phokoso, makutu ndi m'mimba zimayera, nsonga ya phokoso ndi kuzungulira kwa maso ndi zakuda.
Posachedwa, brew, kapena lemur yokhala ndi kolala, imagawidwa kumtundu wina - Varecia, wokhala ndi mtundu umodzi wa Varecia variegates. Zosiyanasiyana ndi nyama yayikulu m'malo, nthawi zina imafika mpaka kukula kwa galu wamkulu. Mchira wake ndi wafupi kuposa thupi.
Mafuta a mphete ya mphete - Lemur catta. Zili pamtundu wa lemurs. Lemur iyi idadzipangira dzina loyambirira chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa meow ndi purr.
Matimu a mandimu amadziwika kwambiri ndi nyengo yomwe imayamba kuphimba padzuwa: imatulukira molunjika, imaponyera mutu kumbuyo, ndikufalitsa miyendo yake, ndikuwonetsa kuti mimba yake ndiyotentha.
Eman Friedman Primatology yochititsa chidwi
Monga ananenera, anyani akale anali opangidwa ndi anthu ena, ndipo m'malo ambiri amalemekezedwa ngakhale pano: ku India, Japan, Peru, China, ndi Madagascar. Anthu okhala kufupi ndi mzinda wa Tamatava ku Madagascar amatenga kolar, kapena Vari, kuti ikhale nyama yopatulika. Amakhulupirira kuti nyani-thekayu (varikananda mchilankhulochi) amalambira Dzuwa ndikumubweretsa mapemphero m'mawa uliwonse. Pamene ma ray oyamba akuwonekera, nthano imati, varicananda amakhala, amatambasulira manja ake kuloza ku Dzuwa ndipo amakhala m'malo motalikirana, ngati kuti akutenga mphamvu yotsitsimutsanso masana. Malo omwewo amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a mandimu awa. Amakondanso bask ndipo amadziwikanso kuti ndi oyera ku Madagascar, nyani wina theka - Indri.