Pafupifupi mitundu miliyoni ya zomera ndi zinyama ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Izi zidalengezedwa pa Meyi 6 m'kalemba kakang'ono ka lipoti la Intergovernmental Science-Political Platform on Biodiversity and Ecological Systems (IPBES).
Malinga ndi chikalatacho, mlingo wa kutha kwa mitundu ya zinthu wamoyo mofulumira, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu onse a anthu. Zadziwika kuti pakadali pano zochita za anthu zimawopseza nyama ndi zomera mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zaka 10 miliyoni zapitazo.
Zadziwika kuti chilengedwe chimatha kusungidwa ndikubwezeretsedwa kudzera pakusintha kwasintha. Ndi iwo amatanthauza ziŵalo dongosolo moyo wa munthu m'munda wa zachuma, luso ndi Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe.
Kwa zaka zitatu, asayansi okwana 145 ochokera kumayiko 50 adziko lapansi adagwira nawo ntchitoyo. Ndi chikalata chokhala ndi masamba 1.8, ovomerezedwa ndi zotsatira za msonkhano wa nsanja ku likulu la UNESCO ku France. lalifupi Baibulo wake lili 39 masamba; kwalembedwa kwa atsogoleri andale.
Ngwazi zazikulu
Anthu adziwa mtundu wa Galapagos kapena njovu kwa nthawi yayitali: zimadziwika kuti m'zaka za zana la 19, kuwonera kwa Charles Darwin kosinthika kosiyanasiyana kwa akambuku amanjala adathandizira kwambiri paziphunzitso zake. Koma mu 2015, chiwerengero cha nyama pachilumba cha Santa Cruz (Galápagos Archipelago) anali olekanitsidwa mu osiyana mitundu zochokera deta majini ndi morphological. Amatchulidwa pambuyo pa wowombera wa Galapagos National Park Fausto Lierena Sanchez (Don Fausto), yemwe adapatsa ntchitoyi zaka 43.
Msodzi wowopsa
Mu 2015, mtundu watsopano wa angler pansi pa nyanja anapeza mu Gulf of Mexico pa akuya za wina ndi makilomita theka. Monga onse oyimilira (kapena ziwanda zam'nyanja), Lasiognathus dinema - chilombo kuti nyambo wozunzidwayo kuwala pamapeto a nsomba ndodo yake (a kusinthidwa chapamwamba chipsyepsye ndi njuchi mabakiteriya luminescent).
Tizilombo ta chidole
Zopezeka pamabowo ang'onoang'ono abowo. Tidaonera mu 2008 ku Peru (ambiri, Megacera amapezeka ku South ndi Central America kokha. N'zosadabwitsa ofanana ndi rhinoceros kachilomboka Dima ku Disney kanema "Zopatsa Chidwi cha Flick", anawombera zaka eyiti pamaso kutsegula kwa Megacamera brianaltini.
Wopha siponjiWoyamba thonje zimadya ankagwidwa mu 90s Mu zaka zapitazo ndipo anamupangitsa Tinadabwa kwambiri pakati pa asayansi. Mtunduwu ndiwomaliza mwa masiponji omwe amadyera (2009). Mu chithunzichi - zidutswa za ma microsclera a masiponji (mafupa achikale a silicon). Ena akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti thonje kuchita ngakhale ndi za nyama wosazindikira multicellular, koma ndi atsamunda mogwirizana. Psychedelic clownIdapezeka mu 2008 pagombe la Ambon Island ku Indonesia. nthumwi za banja chisudzo amachita kwenikweni kusambira, koma kudumpha pamodzi pansi, kukankhira kutali ndi kusinthidwa zipsepse pectoral (more ngati yoteroyo) ndi kupanga ndege kulakalaka ndi mwadzidzidzi ejecting madzi slits gill. Phokoso lamotoMwinanso mtunduwu wamwalira kale, chifukwa kuyambira 1939 zatsopanozi sizinapeze aliyense. Iye ankakhala mu Ecuador. Pa chifuwa - mawanga awiri a luminescent a bakiteriya. Iyi ndi milandu yokhayo yoteteza mimicry pogwiritsa ntchito bioluminescence (tambala adadziwonetsa ngati kachilomboka woopsa kuchokera ku mtundu wa michere yolimbana ndi moto). Sulak chigwa - pa chigwa kuya kwa Europe ndi imodzi mwa kuya mu dziko, Republic of DagestanKutalika kwake ndi makilomita 53, kuya kuya kufika 1920 mita. Ndi malo okuya pafupifupi 63 kufupi ndi Grand Canyon komanso 620 mita kuya kuposa Tara River Canyon. Mwakuya ndi kuwonjezera pa maphompho wa Cotahuasi ndi Kolka ku Peru. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikuluzikulu ku Dagestan, chaka chilichonse amabwera alendo ambiri kukaona malowa. Spider darwinKagulu (3 mpaka 6 mm) kangaude moyo Madagascar. Pamalo ake ochepera (pa intaneti) amatha kufikira pafupifupi mamilimita atatu. Makhalidwe ake owuma bwino amakwera mpaka 520 MJ / m 3, omwe ndi okwera kawiri kuposa kuwuma kwa ma cobwebs omwe amadziwika kale komanso maulendo 10 kuposa zinthu za Kevlar. kangaude anapezeka mu 2001, koma kulongosoledwa kokha mu 2009 - chochitika anali anapima kuti lifanane ndi chikumbutso 150th wa buku Charles Darwin "The Origin of Species" (choncho dzina). Raccoon mu chifungaNyama yoseketsa yomwe imakhala ku Colombia ndi ku Ecuador ndiyo nyama yodyera yokha yomwe ikufotokozedwa ku Western Hemisphere pazaka 35 zapitazi. Wa mtundu Olingo wa banja raccoon. Dzina lachi Latin neblina anapanga ku Spanish "chifunga" (ulemu nkhalango chifunga phiri limene olingito moyo). Zitsanzo za MegaIyi siiri ndodo yayikulu padziko lapansi, ndiyofupikirako kuposa cholembera (Chan megapolics yokhala ndi miyendo yotambasuka imafika kutalika kwa 60 cm). Komabe, anapezeka chaka chatha mu malo osungirako pafupi kwa Hanoi likulu la Vietnam, ndipo konse ku nkhalango ya kuthengo. Ntchentche yopanda ulesiChojambula chowoneka ngati jade chomwe chimakhala ku Malaysia chidapezeka mchaka cha 2012 chifukwa cha wojambula zithunzi yemwe amateur yemwe adayika chithunzi chake pama social network. Flickr ndipo ndafunsa wina kuti athandizane ndi tanthauzo la mitunduyo. Kupezeka kwachilendo kwa mapiko kumapangitsa kuti ntchentcheyi iwoneke ngati kangaude, yokonzekera kuukira. Wolimba koma wopepuka polojekiti buluziBuluzi wamkuluyu amakhala mkati mwa chilumba cha Philippines cha Luzon. Imakhala m'makona amitengo, imafikira mamita awiri mulitali, koma imalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 10 zokha. Mtendere, aziphedwa zipatso ndi nkhono. Ili pachiwopsezo cha kutha: mafuko akumaloko akusaka nyama iyi. Maganizo ake akufotokozedwa mu 2010. Losonyeza gastropodGollropod mollusk wokongola, wokhala m'zilumba za Japan, amatha kuwala. Koma ndikofunikira kwa akatswiri azachilengedwe kuti pamaso pake apeza kulumikizana kwapakati pakati pa gastropods omwe amadya ma polyps a hydroid ndi gastropods omwe amakonda zakudya zamakorali. Mafupa mbuziCholengedwa cha Mbuzi za Nyanja (Caprellidae) kukwapula mu maonekedwe ake phantasmagoric. Madzi mu Pacific Ocean, pafupi ndi gombe la California. Ndikosavuta kupanga popanda ma microscope (kutalika kwa thupi 2-3 mm). Iwo akufotokozedwa mu 2013. Njoka yabodzaNjoka yooneka ngati yoopsa (yomwe imapezeka ku Panama) imakhala mwamtendere pamisomali, pamazira ndi pazonyansa. Iwo akutetezedwa kwa adani ndi mitundu, kukopera kuphatikiza khalidwe la mphete kuwala ndi wakuda wa njoka kwambiri matanthwe. Zikufotokozedwa mu 2012. Zikondamoyonyama, zomwe akufanana ndi bwino yokazinga chimauma pancake, imalengeza ku banja la mleme-free kumuwombera ziwanda (izi, mwinamwake, mwina anafotokoza ake maonekedwe sanali muyezo). Mitunduyi idapezeka koyamba mu 2010 ku Gulf of Mexico. Pancake nsomba sizimasambira kwambiri monga kukwawa pansi, kupuma pa zipsepse. Chilombo. Imabisala, ndikuboweka m'nthaka, ndikuwanyaditsa wovutayo, ndikutulutsa zinthu ndi fungo lamphamvu m'madzi. Wonenepa kwambiriLand m'mapapo mwanga nkhono (anapeza mu 2010), tikukhala mu mdima m'mapanga Chikolowesha, safuna kapena maso kapena mtundu chipolopolo (amene kutalika palibe kuposa 2 mm). Ngakhale pamiyeso yomwe amasilira, samachedwa: amasuntha masentimita angapo sabata. Olingito
Olingito ndi chilombo choyamba anapeza mu West mu zaka 35 zapitazi. Kwa nthawi yayitali adasokonekera ndi abale apamtima - olingo, ndipo mchaka cha 2013 okha adagawidwa mu mawonekedwe osiyana. Zochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazochita za olingito: izi ndi nyama zausiku, zomwe, ngakhale ndizizilombo, zimadyera masamba ndi zipatso. Redbeard Titi
Izi, zomwe zidapezeka mu 2008, mwatsoka, zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha: pali anthu pafupifupi 250 padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi ofufuza, anyaniwa ndi amwano: amapanga banja moyo ndipo sasintha abwenzi. Nkhanu Severus Snape
Khungu lamaso achikasu lomwe lili ndi mtundu wina wachikaso chamaso linapezeka koyamba mu 1998 ndi wofufuza Harry Conley. Monga tsiku lina, pomwe nyamayo idafotokozeredwa pamapeto pake, idapatsidwa dzina la Harryplax severus. Choncho, wasayansi Jose Mendoza analipira msonkho kwa onse amene anatulukira mitundu, ndi mndandanda wake ankakonda mabuku Harry Muumbi. Nyama zomwe zidalembedwa mu Red Book of RussiaKwa nthawi yayitali anthu akhala akuvutika kuti ateteze mitundu ya nyama. Koma mutayesetsa onse, anthu a mitundu osowa amachepetsa chaka chilichonse. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuzimiririka kwa mitundu: Kusintha kwa chisinthiko ndi umbombo wa anthu. Awa ndi ena mwa mitundu yangozi, koma alipo mazana aiwo. Nkhandwe wofiira tikukhala mu East Asia, ku Mongolia ndi China, ali pafupifupi unatha. A nkhandwewa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe, ali ndi tsitsi lofiira komanso mchira wofiyira. Mlenje wopanda nzeru amatha kusokoneza osokoneza awiriwa. Kutalika kwa nkhandwe ndi 1 mita, kulemera kwa nyama kuchokera makilogalamu 12 mpaka 21. Akavalo a Przhevalsky akhala mtsogoleri wanthabwala komanso nthabwala. Komabe, zenizeni za nyamayi sizisangalala, anthu 2000 okha amtunduwu ndi omwe adatsala. Ambiri mwina, zikuoneka kuti ndi munthu. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, mahatchi angapo adamasulidwa kumalo osiyanako, komwe adakumana ndi kuchuluka ndikuchulukana. Amur Goral ndi mtundu wa mbuzi zamapiri zomwe zimakhala ku Primorsky Territory. Izi ndi chinyama ang'onoang'ono amene anali kukhala mu magulu a kwa anthu 8. Pakadali pano, chiwerengero chawo chimakwaniritsa zolinga 700. Ma alorus a Atlantic amakhala ku Barents ndi Red Sea. Chinyama chimphona ukufika mamita 4 ndipo amatha kulemera matani 1.5. Anatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa ndi anthu, popeza mtunduwu unali wamalonda. Kutchera nyama kudayimitsidwa, chifukwa chomwe unyinji wawo udayambanso kuchira. Chifukwa mobisa wa walruses ndi luso khungu mu malo ambiri kufikako, chiŵerengero cha anthu silidziŵika. Ma dolphin okhala ndi mutu woyera amakhala ndi mphuno yaying'ono komanso kupukutira kozungulira. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Nyanja ya Barents ndi Baltic. anamgumiwa iwonso anali gawo la makampani, nchifukwa chake iwo anali pafupi kutha. Kulanda nyama kunayimitsidwa, koma ma dolphin samatulutsa bwino mu kutumiza kwamakono. Nguruwe ya Amur ndiye woimira wachilendo kwambiri pabanja lake. A anthu ang'ono lidakalipobe pa Sikhote-Alin lokwera. Izi ndi zilombo zazikulu, nyalugwe ndiwopitilira 2 metres. Chochititsa chidwi ndi mchira wautali, mpaka mita 1. Chifukwa kutha kuwononga malo anthu. Ngulu ya Amur imazunzidwa ndi anthu andewu komanso umbombo wa anthu. Ngakhale chiletso chofuna kusaka nyama zodya ziwazi zitangobweretsa, chiwonongeko chawo chochuluka sichinasiye. Pakali pano, mitundu ali mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko, si aukali ndipo konse anaukira anthu. Ku Russia, kuli anthu pafupifupi 85 osunga nkhokwe. Pafupifupi 10 agalu amakhala ku China. Chipale nyalugwe amakhala m'mapiri a ku Central Asia. Chifukwa chakutha kwa malo, olosera sanathe kuwononga kwathunthu anthu omwe amadyera. Mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri nyalugwe imagwiritsa ntchito ziweto. Musk nswala maonekedwe akufanana ndi mbawala yamphongo yopanda nyanga, koma ndi mano pa nsagwada chapamwamba. M'masiku akale ankadziwika kuti ndi vampire pakati pa nyama. Amakhala ku Altai, Transbaikalia ndi Far East, umakonda kukhazikika pamalo okwera mamitala 600 mpaka 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Chifukwa kutha ndi kusintha zamoyo zinachita; mtundu akhala anapulumuka nthawi ya chitukuko. Sika deer ndiwopezanso anthu. Nyamayi idasakidwa zikopa zake, nyama ndi nyanga zachilendo, momwe zidapangidwira mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Kulans pafupifupi konse za m'chilengedwe. Uku ndi mtundu wa bulu wamtchire, nyamayi imakhala ku Central Asia ndi Middle East. M'mbuyomu, Kulan adapezeka ku Ukraine, North Caucasus komanso m'maiko ena angapo. The cinyama kupikisana ngakhale ndi cheetah, iwo imathandizira 70 Km paola ndipo sazengereza pansi kwa nthawi yaitali. Kulans anali nyama yamafuta, nyama ndi mafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, ndipo shagreen khungu limapangidwa kuchokera pakhungu. Izi zidasokoneza kuchuluka kwa abulu amtchire. Tree pambuyo beaversKwa milungu iwiri tsopano ndakhala m'chipululu ku dacha m'chigawo cha Vologda, ndikutha kuchoka ku St. Posachedwa ndinapita kukayenda kutchire ndipo ndinapeza mtengo pafupi ndi mtsinje. Ngakhale nthambi pang'ono kuchokera makungwa chitakonzedwa. Nditatenga chithunzi ndekha, BM imapereka masewerawa Mitundu 10 yatsopano yomwe idapezeka mu 2019Asayansi amatulukira mitundu yatsopano ya nyama ndi zomera tsiku lililonse. Tizilombo tosadziwika timapezeka nthawi zambiri (kalasi iyi ndi mitundu yambiri ya zachilengedwe), koma asayansi nthawi zambiri amapeza nsomba zatsopano, zokwawa, mbalame komanso zolengedwa - makamaka kuchokera kutali ndi mapiri osaphunzitsidwa bwino a dziko lapansi. Utumiki wa BBC wa Russia wasankha zina mwa zolengedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri, kwanthawi yoyamba anapeza kapena kufotokozera mu 2019 yapita. 1. Pocket Shark Nsomba yaying'ono iyi - 14cm m'litali mwake - ndi wofanana ndi umuna wa umuna, koma zoona zake ndi zomwe zimadziwika kuti shaki. Inagwira Gulf of Mexico kale mu 2010, koma patatha zaka zisanu ndi zinayi idadziwika kuti ndi mtundu watsopano. Imatchedwa thumba osati chifukwa cha kukula kwake, koma chifukwa cha mapaketi awiri (matumba) omwe ali kumbali zonse za thupi, pafupi ndi zipsepse zamakina. . 2. Nyanga ya Agama Palibe malo okhala pachilumba cha Thai chotchedwa Phuket, chotchuka ndi alendo, koma mitundu yatsopano ya nyama imapezeka kumeneko. Posachedwa, buluzi wokongola wochokera ku banja la a Agam adapezeka pamtengo m'nkhalango yakomweko, komwe amkatcha "Phuket wokhala ndi mitengo yamatabwa agama." 3. Lyskot (Aka Kotolis) Amuna abwinobwino oterewa pafupifupi 90 cm amapezeka ku Corsica. Anthu akumaderawa adatcha amphaka amtchire kuti "potolis" chifukwa cha mchira wawo wokulira wokhala ndi matope akuda. Chaka chatha, asayansi pomaliza adatha kugwira anthu ochepa ndikuphunzira DNA yawo - zidadziwika kuti iyi ndi mitundu yeniyeni yopanda sayansi. Zoona, Chikosika ziribe kanthu kochita ndi nkhandwe: wachibale wake wapafupi ndi chilombo African steppe mphaka, baba wa amphaka wathu zoweta. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tating'onoting'ono timeneti (kutalika kwake ndi 1 mm) kuchokera ku Kenya kale kumapeto kwa 1960s, koma sikunalembedwe mu Museum of Natural History ku London kwa nthawi yoposa theka la zaka. Ndipo mchaka chatha chokha, wogwira ntchito ku malo osungirako zinthu zakale a Michael Darvey adazindikira kuti kachiromboka ndi ka mitundu yosadziwika kale .. Darvi adaganiza kuti adzitchule dzina la Nelloptode gretae - polemekeza mtsogoleri wachipembedzo wa ku Sweden dzina lake Greta Thunberg. Mu mitsinje ya Amazonia, asayansi yomweyo anatulukira mitundu isanu watsopano Anthistra mlamba, pang'ono chokhala ndi chilombo cha m'nyanja Cthulhu ku ntchito za wolemba Robert Lovecraft. Monga momwe akatswiri azachilengedwe amanenera, zojambula zowoneka bwino zimangokhala pamitu ya abambo ndikupanga zokopa zazikazi. 6. Wokhala ndi kachilomboka maluwa Chaching'ono mbalame miyoyo Borneo, chisumbu okha mu dziko wogawanika pakati limati atatu. Indonesia, Malaysia ndi Brunei mitundu yatsopano ya aziphedwa maluwa kachilomboka makamaka maluwa ndi amatchedwa "spectacled" chifukwa cha khalidwe zizindikiro woyera pamwamba ndi pansi maso. Izi sizili chilema pachithunzichi - mutu wa njokayo udakutidwa ndi mawanga a utawaleza, pomwe atolankhani adawutcha dzina loti Ziggy Stardust. Adapezeka m'miyala ya karst kumpoto kwa Laos ndipo poyambilira adaganiza kuti utawaleza umangokhala pamenepo - koma kuyambira pamenepo udapezeka wina malo, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wamtunduwu kuti ukhale ndi moyo. 8. wamaonekedwe a nkhope yaubweya mleme Mtundu watsopano wa mileme, mutu ndi mapewa ake okutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, wapezeka m'chigawo cha Central Plateau ku Vietnam. Monga tanena kale, akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe amakumana ndi nyama zomwe sizimadziwika ndi sayansi, koma mileme ndi njira ina. Magulu a mileme amasiyana kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mitundu yopitilira 1300. Ndipo izi kwabasi wakuda ndi wofiira zimachitikira anapeza m'chigawo Thai wa Chiang RAI. Atolankhani nthawi yomweyo adamufanizira iye ndi liwiro la mtundu wa Klingon kuchokera ku chilengedwe chapamwamba cha Star Trek. 10. nyamayi-eyed kadinala Banja la nsomba zowala, zomwe zimadziwika kuti kadinala (apogon), zathandizidwanso ndi mtundu watsopano chaka chino. Mzere wamdima wandiweyani, womwe umadutsa pakati pa mwana, umapangitsa maso a nsomba'yi kuwoneka ngati feline. Mitundu isanu yatsopano ya zinyama kuyambira 2019Asayansi amatulukira mitundu yatsopano ya nyama ndi zomera tsiku lililonse. Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo tosadziwika bwino timapezeka, komabe, asayansi nthawi zambiri amapeza nsomba zatsopano, zouluka, mbalame komanso zolengedwa - makamaka kuchokera kumadera akutali komanso osaphunzira bwino a dziko lapansi. Kupeza kotereku sikumapangidwa nthawi yakumapeto kokha, komanso kudzera mukufufuza zosungiramo zakale, zakale zakale, ndipo nthawi zina chifukwa cha mayeso amtundu - pamene mitundu yokhudzana ndiyovuta kusiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake. Okwana sayansi amadziwa za miliyoni 2 mitundu ya zamoyo - nyama, zomera ndi bowa. Komabe, malinga ndi asayansi, mitundu pafupifupi 6 miliyoni sinabwerebe kwa akatswiri azamoyo ndipo akungoyembekezera kuti apezeke. Nazi zosankha za nyama zosangalatsa kwambiri zomwe zidapezeka kapena zofotokozedwa mu 2019: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ku Tasmania, adapeza mitundu yoposa zana ya zolengedwa zam'nyanjaNaturalists ku State Association Australia ya Scientific ndi Akutsatira Research (CSIRO) kuchokera ku ulendo zinayi sabata madzi a Huon Commonwealth sitima Reserve. Pofufuza za sitimayo, adabweretsa zitsanzo za mitundu yatsopano ya nyama. .Huon Commonwealth Marine Reserve ndi madera oyandikana nawo amadziwika kuti ndi malo otetezedwa amasoka akulu. Nsonga za apamwamba a iwo ali pa akuya mamita chikwi kwa 1.250. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ukadaulo wamakono walola asayansi kutsika pakati pa mapiriwa ndikuphunzira nyama. Mtsogoleri wapaulendo Alan Williams walankhula mwatsatanetsatane phunziroli: "Okwana takambirana seamounts 45, seveni anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane. Kutalika kwa njira yonse kunali makilomita 200. Chifukwa cha makamera amakono kwambiri, "tinawuluka" pamwambapa mozungulira pamtunda wamtali mamita awiri. Ife anapita ku akuya mamita 1,900 anasonkhana 60 zikwi sitiriyo zithunzi ndi olembedwa maola 300 kanema - ife tidzaona bwinobwino onse lino "Malinga ndi iye, kudzatenga miyezi pokonza onse mfundo zomwe atorela, koma ofufuza za kale ena deta.. Mwachitsanzo, adanenanso kuti panali miyala yam'manja yambiri kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Asayansi adawona squol ya bioluminescent, shaki zamzimu zosowa, mbola, Atlantic yayikulu-mutu komanso zolengedwa zina zambiri zachilendo. Anasonkhanitsa zitsanzo nsomba osadziwika nkhono. Chiwerengero cha mitundu yatsopano chimaposa zana. Share
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