Ndikupitiliza gawo langa labwino kwambiri la mitundu yodziwika ya nsomba yomwe tsopano ikupezeka m'masitolo ogulitsa. Banja lathu lagwa kale mchikondi ndi Lacedra ndi nyama yake yofewa, yabwino kwa Sushi ndi hamachi nigiri (mbale yaku Japan). Nthawi zambiri timagula Dorado, timasirira fungo labwino la nyama "yagolide", yomwe ili ndi mbiri yakale yakale. Mwa okonda ndi ma bass a nyanja - "nkhandwe ya panyanja", yomwe akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito komanso akatswiri amati ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba.
Ndipo lero ndikufuna kuyambitsa owerenga kwa woimirira osadziwika kwambiri panyanja yakuya. Zosadziwika bwino ngakhale dzina - ndi khola la kunyanja (nthawi zina amatero kalulu) kapena chimera cha kunyanja.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, dzina la nsomba'li linaperekedwa ndi zipsepse zakumaso modabwitsa, komanso mawonekedwe a bondo, lomwe limafanana ndi kalulu kapena kalulu. Amamuyitanira chimera chifukwa chowoneka kuti ndiwowoneka ngati nsomba yosambira yodontha yokhala ndimaso amaso, zipsepse zotulutsa komanso kupezeka kwa mano opindika.
Malinga ndi Wikipedia, "European chimera (lat. Chimaera monstrosa) ndi nsomba yama cartilaginous, mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wamtundu wofanana ndi chimera, womwe umapezeka ku East Atlantic kuchokera ku Iceland ndi ku Norway kupita ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean komanso m'mphepete mwa South Africa, komanso Nyanja ya Barents."
Nsombazo zimaphatikiza zodabwitsa zambiri. Choyamba, monga momwe ndawonera kale, nsomba zimasamba. Ndiye kuti, mulibe lalikulu ndipo, koposa zonse, mumafupa ang'onoang'ono mmenemo! Mthupi lonse limadutsa msana. Ngati wina adya shaki yam'nyanja - katrana, amatha kumvetsetsa zomwe zili pangozi. Mwachidziwitso, ndikuwonetsa mafupa omwe atsala kuchokera kumagawo awiri a chimera chophika.
Nsomba zimatha kutalika mita 1-1,5 kutalika kwake mpaka 2,5 kilogalamu. Koma m'masitolo athu, monga momwe ndidadziwira, nsomba zimagulitsidwa m'magawo ochepa a nyama yopanda mutu. Cholinga cha izi ndi singano za spiky zomwe zimapezeka m'miphemo yamutu, zimakhala ndi poizoni. Chotsani ndi chisamaliro chachikulu mukadula.
Nthawi zambiri ndimagula nsomba zosakwana kilogalamu imodzi kuti ndikaphike banja lathu nthawi imodzi. Ndiye nthawi iyi, nsomba ziwiri zinatulutsa magalamu 800:
Ndidanenanso kuti manambala 400-600 awonetse kukula kwa mitembo. Chifukwa kutalika kwa chilichonse kunali m'malirewo.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, mtengo wa kilogalamu ndi ma ruble 306, ndiye kuti, mtengo wapakati (poyerekeza, Dorado umaperekedwa pamtengo wokwana ma ruble 500, ma mackerel okhala ndi mutu - pafupifupi ma ruble 180). Dziwani kuti nthawi zina ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito umbuli wa ogula ndikulengeza zamtunduwu zam'nyanja ngati zosowa komanso zosowa, ndikokweza mtengo wamtengo.
Mukuwoneka, nyama yonyowa ndi "soseji" yoyera kwambiri:
Ndikofunika kulabadira kukakamizidwa kwa khungu la kolowera kunyanja. Ndipo kukhalapo kwa shaggy zofewa fin kutalika konse kwa mtembo, womwe umadulidwa mosavuta ndi lumo wamba:
Ogulitsa osawoneka bwino nthawi zina amapusitsa ndikupereka hake kapena kakhodi ya chimera cha ku Nyanja (izi ndizosavuta kwambiri ngati nsomba ili ndi ma cellophane owuma). Chifukwa chake, kukhalapo kwa malo otchulidwa kumbali ndikutsimikizira kuti mwapeza kalulu wanyanja yayitali.
Nyama ya chimera cha m'madzi ndi yowala komanso yokongola:
Chinanso chachilendo kwa nsomba iyi ndikuti ilibe bubble wa mpweya (monga shaki). Ndiye chifukwa chake nsomba zimakakamizidwa kuti ziziyenda. Ndipo izi zimapangitsanso kuti mafupa asapezeke mafupa komanso kukhalapo kwa ma vertebra a cartilaginous.
Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumathanso kuonedwa ngati kulibe kwathunthu mamba.
Ndiye kuti, nsomba zimangofunika kunyansidwa, dorsal fin kuchotsedwa (izi ndiye zonyansa zokha), kutsukidwa ndikudula zigawo.
Nyama ya Chimera ndi yoyera chipale chofewa, yofewa komanso yowutsa mudyo, yazakudya zamafuta apakati (zomwe zimapangidwa ndi calorie pa magalamu 100 ali pafupi 115 kcal), yopanga mawonekedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizosatheka kuyitcha kuti yolimba kapena yowuma. Kununkhira kwa nsomba iyi sikuti kumatope, kununkhira, kusangalatsa!)))
Chosangalatsa china chokhudza nkhani ya Sea Hare. Pafupifupi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, nsombayi idawonedwa ngati yosayenera kudya ndi ophika. Mazira a chiwindi ndi chimera okha ndi omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi amtengo wapatali. O, ndipo pali chozizwitsa china chokhudza nyanja + - zimayikira mazira !! Inde, mudamva bwino. Amayi - "kalulu" samatulutsa mazira mokhazikika, koma amapanga mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndi "protein" ya protein. M'chaka chimodzi, mazira amenewa amatha, kenako amapanga mwachangu mpaka masentimita 10 kutuluka kuchokera mu thumba la chingwe! Ogulitsa zakudya zam'madzi amasaka masonry otere, chifukwa chake malonda amawonedwa kuti ndiofunika, osowa komanso odula!
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, asayansi adapeza kuti nyama ya hare ya nyanja ili ndi katundu wamtengo wapatali. Lili ndi mapuloteni achilengedwe, omwe amalowa kwathunthu ndi thupi la munthu. Mulinso ndi mavitamini A, D, E ndi michere yambiri. Ndizotsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma chimera am'madzi muzakudya kumachepetsa cholesterol m'magazi ndikuchotsa kudziunjikira kwa zinthu zovulaza mmenemo. Tsopano mbale zochokera ku chimera zimatha kupezeka mu malo odyera onse otchuka.
Popeza kalulu wam'nyanja amatchulanso nsomba, amaphika m'njira zosavuta: mwachangu, kuphika kapena grill.
Nthawi ino ndaganiza zophika "hare" mu uvuni m'miphika ndi masamba, zitsamba ndi mkaka - tchizi kudzaza.
Pambuyo pa mphindi 30 mpaka 40, fungo labwino kwambiri lidafalikira m'nyumba yonseyo! Mwamunayo ananena kuti anali ataigwira kale pachipata)))
Zotsatira zake zinali zoyembekezeka, ndipo kapu ya Kinszdmarauli idasinthira chakudya chamadzulo kukhala chikondwerero chaching'ono cha gourmet!
Mwachidule kuchokera ku nsomba zamadzi amchere, hare kapena nyanja.
Zokhudza zabwinozo, ndikuti:
1. Mtengo wapakati: umatha kugula kangapo pamwezi.
2. Kusowa kwathunthu mamba - pambuyo poti defrosting, nsomba zimangofunika kutsukidwa.
3. Mumtembo wamafupa - kokha vertebra ya cartilaginous. Chifukwa chake, kwa ana ndi phwando "amatola" - basiendend!
4. Chakudya chokoma, chamafuta, chamafuta chamafuta.
5. Malinga ndi asayansi ndi akatswiri azakudya, mapuloteni omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a chimera amatha kulowa mu thupi la munthu. Muli mavitamini ambiri, michere ndi mafuta acids.
6. Zabwino kwa mtundu uliwonse wa kukonza: kuwira, kuwaza, kuphika.
Mwa kuphatikiza:
1. Sea Bunny - samakonda "pops" mumashelefu osungira.
2. Mthunzi wowongolera (yemwe ayesa nyama ya shark Black Sea Katrana amamvetsetsa) akadali ndi vuto linalake. Koma izi ndi zokhazikika kale, monga momwe ziliri ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa nsomba.
3. Odwala matendawa ayenera kusamala koyamba - zakudya zam'nyanja zambiri ndizothandiza.
4. Popeza nyama imayesedwa ngati mafuta, ndiye kuti, kutsatira zakudya, munthu sayenera kunyamulidwa ndikudya kalulu wapanyanja.
Nsomba zooneka ngati Chimera (Chimaeriformes)
Gulu lokhalo lili ndi mabanja atatu , m'modzi wa iwo - Callorhynchidae - zidafala kum'mwera chakum'mwera, ndi zina ziwiri - Chimaeridae ndi Rhinochimaeridae - kumpoto, makamaka m'mphepete mwa Japan.
Osambira oyipa. Ogwira ntchito kwambiri usiku. Chakudya lili ndi ma invertebrates ang'ono ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Chifupa cartilaginous. Chigoba ndi chosakanizira. Pali gill imodzi yotseguka mbali iliyonse ya thupi. Mbali ya thupi pali msewu wazolowera mbali. Pansi pakamwa, mano amawoneka ngati mbale zotafuna. Zonse zokhala ngati chimera - nsomba zam'madzi, mitundu ina imadziwika kuti yakuya 2600 m, sipezeka kawirikawiri.
Nsomba zooneka ngati Chimera zidatupa thupi inayenera kukakamira pambuyo pake komanso kuwonda pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kumchira. Phiri loyamba lotentha limakhala ndi nthenga zakuthwa; mwa mitundu ina, ndulu ya poyizoni imakhala pansi. Mchira wake ndi heterocercal kapena umapitilizabe kukhala ngati mliri wautali, woonda. Asodzi apamadzi, makamaka mitundu yakunyanja. Zofala m'madzi otentha komanso ozizira am'nyanja. Mitundu yocheperako ndiyomwe imapanga masango ogulitsa. Gwiritsitsani pansi, ndi mano amphamvu, zipolopolo za crustaceans ndi echinoderms, zipolopolo zamphamvu za mollusks zimasweka mosavuta; Amasambira chifukwa cha kuyenda kwamphamvu kwa zipsepse za patchire komanso maimidwe ake amchira. Kutalika kuchokera 60 cm mpaka 1.5-2 m.
Zambiri. Amuna ali ndi pterigopodia. Kuswana anatambasula. Nthawi yomweyo, wamkazi amaikira mazira amodzi okha kapena awiri akulu, omwe aliwonse amataikidwa pakatikati kamilingo yolumikizira (mpaka 12-20 cm) wokhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika a film. Mazira kugwera pathanthwe kapena pendekera pa algae. Kukula kumatenga miyezi 9-12. M'mphepete mwa mutu wa kakulidwe kameneka, mawonekedwe a khungu la mafayilo - mawonekedwe "akunja", omwe mwina amathandizira kuyamwa kwa yolk ndipo mwina, kupanga mpweya. Asanakhazikitsidwe, "gill" awa amazimiririka, ndipo chimera chaching'ono chomwe chimasiya chipolopolo chimasiyana ndi akulu okha kukula
Maonekedwe a nsomba za Chimera
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumafika mita 1.5. Khungu la nsombazi ndi losalala, lokongola. Amuna, pakati pamaso pamutu pali kakulidwe kamafupa, kamene kali ndi mawonekedwe.
Mchira wa nsomba izi ndi wautali kwambiri, umafika mpaka kukula kofanana ndi theka la kutalika kwa thupi lonse. Maonekedwe a oimira awa a banja la chimeric amathanso kumatcha zipsepse zazikuluzikulu zamapiko. Kufalikira, chimera chimakhala china ngati mbalame.
Nsomba za Chimera zimawoneka bwino kwambiri ngati cholengedwa kuposa munthu wokhala munyanja yakuya
Mitundu ya nsomba izi ndi yosiyanasiyana, koma mitundu yowoneka bwino ndi imvi komanso yakuda yokhala ndi matembera oyera oyera oyera oyera pamaso. Kutsogolo kwa thupi, pafupi ndi ma dorsal fin, ma chimera ali ndi poizoni wakuthengo, amakhala olimba kwambiri komanso lakuthwa. Chinyama chawo chimagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kudziteteza.
Zonse zosangalatsa kwambiri za chimera
Pamene dzina la chimera latchulidwa, izi sizitanthauza kuti pali mtundu umodzi wokha. Mtundu wa Chimera (lat. Chimaera) umagwirizanitsa mitundu 6, yomwe yotchuka kwambiri ndi chimera cha ku Europe (lat. Chimaera monstrosa) chochokera kum'mawa kwa Atlantic. Pali Cuban chimera (Chimaera cubana), yomwe idalakwitsa poyambilira ndi ya ku Europe, ndipo pambuyo pake adadziyang'anira pawokha. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa Cuba pakuya mamita 400-500. Mitundu ina yamtundu wa Chimera imadziwika kuchokera kumadzi a kum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean (Zilumba za Philippines, Nyanja Yachikasu, ndi Zilumba za Japan).
Malo a chimera mu nsomba
A genus Chimera, omwe chimera cha ku Europe chikuyimira, ndi gawo la banja la Chimeeridae, momwe mumakhala mtundu wina womwe umakhala ndi mitundu yomwe imasiyana ndi mtundu Chimera momwe adalili mawonekedwe a caudal fin.
Nsomba zonse za mbanja la Chimera zimakhala zikutulutsa mawu. Uku ndikusiyana kofananako ndi mabanja ena a ma Chimeriformes (Chimaeriformes), omwe pakati pawo pali mabanja. Anayimilira chimera chokhala ndi phokoso lalitali kwambiri, ndikuwonetsa kumapeto. Ndipo banja lachitatu ndi proboscis chimera (callorinchidae). Amasiyana m'miyeso ndi m'munsi ndipo kumapeto kwa chakumaso.
Pansipa, pachithunzichi, nsomba za Chimera zimawonetsedwa pamanambala, titha kuona kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake pakati pa oimira banja lililonse, omwe adanenedwa pamwambapa.
Oimira ena a chimera chokhala ngati chimera: 1 - ichi. Chimeric, 2 - izi. Proboscis (callorinchidae) ndi izi. Anayimitsa chimera.
Monga tanena kale kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ija, nsomba za Chimera ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi, motero, ndi za gulu la "Cartilaginous", lomwe lili ndi zigawo ziwiri. Pokhala ndizofanana pakatikati ndi kunja komwe ndi kaphaka kamtunda (shaki ndi stingrays), ma chamera amasiyana ndi iwo chifukwa chakuti nsagwada zawo zapamwamba zimasakanizidwa ndi chigaza. Chifukwa chake, amagawidwa ku subclass Whole-mutu kapena Mouth-cranial.
Maonekedwe a chimeric
Maimera onse owumbidwa ndi mawonekedwe a chimera ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana: valky, opinikizidwa pang'ono pambuyo pake komanso kuwonda kwambiri kumchira. Chithunzichi, nsomba zamkati mwa nyanja (European chimera), izi zikuwonekera bwino.
Zina mwa mawonekedwe a oimira chimera-ngati:
- Zipsepere ziwiri kumbuyo, woyamba ndi wamtali komanso waufupi, wokhala ndi nthongo yamphamvu kutsogolo, yomwe, palimodzi ndi iyo, ngati kuli koyenera, imayenera kukhala poyambira kwapadera kumbuyo. Lachiwiri ndi lalitali ndipo limatha kutambalala mpaka kumapeto kwa ndalama zapadyo ndipo silimawonjezera.
- Maluso a caudal nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chingwe chachitali.
- Zipsepse zamakutu zimapangidwa bwino ndipo chilichonse chimafanana ndi fan.
- Zipsepse zamkati ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zipsepse za pectoral ndipo zimakhala pafupi ndi anus, zikukankhidwira kumbuyo.
- Pansi, ziphuphu zonse zophatikizika zimakhala ndi ma loboti amtundu, owonda komanso osinthika.
- M'kamwa mwa m'munsi (kutsika) kwa chimera kuli milomo yapamwamba yokhala ndi mbali zitatu.
- Kutsegula kwa gill komwe kumakhala kumbali yakumutu kumakutidwa ndi khola lomwe limachirikizidwa ndi cartilage yooneka ngati chala.
- Thupi lamaliseche, lopanda milingo ya placoid, limakutidwa ndi ntchofu yambiri.
European makamera - zokongoletsa kapena zazikulu?
Chimera cha ku Europe ndi dzina lachi Latin lotchedwa Chimaera monstrosa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyanjana ndi mtundu wina wa chilombo. Nsomba iyi ili ndi mayina ambiri, limodzi mwa mayina omwe nsomba za Chimera zimavala ndi hare. Mwina izi ndichifukwa cha zipsepse zazikulu zakuthwa pang'ono ndi maso akulu. Amadziwikanso kuti ndi nsomba ya kalulu wam'nyanja, mwachionekere pazifukwa zomwezi.
Ndipo pakati pa anthu aku Norwegi, chimera ndi nsomba yachifumu. Chifukwa chake imatchedwa chifukwa cha kufupika kwa mafupa, komwe kumakhala pakati pa amuna.
Kutalika kwa chimera cha ku Europe kumatha kukhala mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo mchira wake ndi wautali kwambiri komanso wochepa thupi, motero dzina lina limalumikizidwa nalo - chingwe cha nyanja.
Kodi chimera ndi mtundu wanji?
Pakhungu lopanda kanthu la chimera cha ku Europe, ma spine osakhazikika nthawi zina amapezeka. Komabe, khungu limawoneka losalala komanso lofewa ndipo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe:
- kumbuyo kwake mumtambo wakuda ndi wamtundu wagolide kuphatikiza bulauni ndi yoyera, mzere wakuda wakuda utatambalala kumbuyo kumtunda,
- mbali yam'mimba ndi yopepuka.
- kumbuyo kwa kumapeto kwaitali kwa dorsal, komanso pa caalal ndi anal, kumakhala kowoneka ngati bulauni.
Mtundu wa chimera umamalizidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa mwana kumbali yakumbuyo yoyera ya maso ake akuluakulu.
Chithunzi cha ku Europe chojambulidwa ndi chithunzi cha Roman Fedortsov, Murmansk, @rfedortsov_official_account
Kufalikira, moyo ndi mayendedwe
Nsomba za ku Chimera za ku Europe sizimapezeka m'madzi otentha. Dera lake lili kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic:
- M'madzi akumpoto - kuchokera ku Strait of Gibraltar (madzi a m'mphepete mwa Morocco) kupita pachilumba cha Iceland ndi Scandinavia Peninsula yadzuwa ndi Nyanja ya Barents.
- Madzi akumwera - pafupi ndi gombe lakumwera kwa Africa (izi zimafunikira chitsimikiziro).
Nsomba yasodzi ya kunyanja imakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pansi, chifukwa chake akatswiri ofufuza zamadzimadzi amati ndi nsomba zam'madzi am'madzi ozama. Kupatula apo, kuya komwe mungakumane nako ndikuchokera pa 40 mpaka 1400 metres. Koma nthawi zambiri mtunduwu umakhala m'malo akuya kwambiri: mazana awiri mpaka mazana mazana asanu (kumpoto kwenikweni kwa malowo) ndi mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu mpaka mazana asanu ndi awiri (m'madzi omwe ali pagombe la Moroko). Pofika nthawi yozizira imafika kumadzi amphepete mwa nyanja, komwe kumakhala gombe la Norway (komwe kukuchokera 90 mpaka 180) anthu ena atha kugwidwa ndi zigwa.
Izi nsomba ndi zachifundo kwambiri, osakana konse akagwidwa. Mothandizidwa ndi madzi, amafa mwachangu. Ataikidwa m'madzi am'madzi, iwo samapulumuka bwino.
Njira yoyendetsera
Chimera kapena nsomba, kalulu wapanyanja siwosambira mwachangu komanso mwachangu, ndipo samafunikira. Onani momwe amasunthira chisomo chifukwa cha kupindika kwa msana kwa thupi ndi mchira wake ndikusinthika kwa mapiko akulu amakungu, kukumbutsa mapiko.Zipsepse zamkati zimathandizidwanso kuti zitsimikizire kusambira kwa nsomba, zomwe zimayima mozungulira, zimagwira ntchito zolimbitsa kayendedwe.
Pokhala pansi, ma chimera amatha "kuyimirira" pansi, kudalira zipsepse zake: pomwe zipsepse za patchire ndi mbali zam'mimba zimagwira ntchito ndi miyendo inayi, ndipo mchirayo umathandizanso.
Nkhani yazakudya
Gawo ili la nkhaniyi lili ndi mafunso awiri:
- Kodi kalulu wam'nyanja amadya chiyani?
- Kodi ndizotheka kudya nsomba za Chimera, ndiye kuti Kalulu wanyanja?
Zakudya za chimera zimayimiridwa makamaka ndi ma invertebrates apansi. Zina mwa izo ndi ma mollusks, crustaceans (makamaka crabs), echinoderms (sea urchins, ophiurs). Nsomba zazing'ono nthawi zina zimapezeka m'mimba zawo. Mukamayang'ana zamkati mwazakudya zam'mimbazo, zimapezeka kuti sizimeza chakudya chonse, koma kuluma tizinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera pakudya kapena kupsinjika ndi mbale zolimba zameno.
Kodi anthu amadya chimera?
Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kudya chimera chansomba. Palibe yankho lotsimikizika kufunsoli. Ma Chimeraid achotsedwa pagombe la Pacific ku United States; agwidwa ku Chile ndi Argentina, komanso kumadzi a New Zealand ndi China. Makamaka kukonzekera kwakukulu ku New Zealand, komwe amakopa oimira banja la Kallorinhov (proboscis chimera).
Nyama yatsopano ya calorinha yokha, yomwe imatha kusakanika kwambiri, ndi yoyenera kudya. Komabe, ngati igona pang'ono, imayamba kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa la ammonia. Kwa amayi apakhomo, nsomba za chimera cha cartilaginous, zomwe zilibe mamba komanso mafupa olimba, ndizosavuta kukonzekera.
Mafuta amachotsedwa m'chiwindi cha chimera, chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri pochiritsa mabala.
Chizolowezi chaposachedwa chopangitsa kupangira chimera cha ku Europe chozama panyanja mwakuya kuti apange mankhwala ochokera ku chiwindi cha nsomba izi zapangitsa kuti mtunduwu udalembedwe mu IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Natural) Red Book. Nsomba za Chimera hare zimatha kusamala monga mtundu wapafupi ndi malo osatetezeka.
Khalidwe lazachilengedwe
Izi nsomba zimakhala m'madzi akuya. Amatha kupezeka pakuzama kwamakilomita oposa 2,5. Amakhala moyo wobisalira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake asayansi sangathe kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane zolengedwa izi.
Zimadziwika kuti nsomba izi zimasaka zakuda, mpaka kukhudza. Pofuna kukopa nyama, zida zapadera zogwiritsira ntchito pakamwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - zithunzi. "Zipangizo" izi zimatulutsa kunyezimira, ndipo wovulalayo nayenso amawombera m'kuwala, pakamwa pa chimera pomwe.
Chimera ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake kotero kuti simungamvetse nthawi yomweyo ndi kuti ndi kuti
Kodi zakudya za chimera chozama panyanja ndi ziti?
Nsomba zamtundu wa cartilaginous zimadya kwambiri ma mollusks, echinoderms, ndi crustaceans. Amatha kudya nsomba zina zomwe zimakhala pamtunda womwewo monga chimera chokha ngati chakudya. Kudya nyama zankhondo ndi echinoderm zokhala ndi ma spikes ofunikira m'thupi, chimbudzi chimakhala ndi mano owola komanso olimba.
Kodi ma chimera amabala bwanji ana awo?
Izi nsomba zolengedwa. Pambuyo pakulima zazimuna ndi zazimuna, zazikazi zimayikira mazira, omwe amaikidwa mu kapu yolimba yolimba.
Chimera sichimayandama pamadzipo, chomwe chimawateteza kwa adani onse
Njira zoweta, monga mtundu wa nsomba izi, pakali pano siziphunziridwa bwino ndi asayansi.
Momwe limawonekera ndi komwe limakhala
Dzina lenileni la nsomba zamtunduwu ndi chimera cha ku Europe. Zili pagulu la cartilaginous, dongosolo la chimeric. Nthawi zambiri pamisika yogulitsa amati nsomba za kalulu wam'nyanja, zomwe ndizolakwika, chifukwa cholengedwa chokhala ndi dzinali ndikuyimira gulu lina. Koma chimera cha ku Europe ndikuyimira nsomba, pomwe kalulu ndi mtundu wamankhwala. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa mayina awiriwa, monga ogulitsa nthawi zina amawasokoneza, kupatsira woimira wina zomwe zingayambitse chisokonezo. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino, ndikofunikira kuphunzira chithunzi cha nyama ziwiri nthawi imodzi.
Nsomba zamkati mwa nyanja zimagawidwa kumpoto kwa Atlantic ndi nyanja za Arctic Ocean. Usodzi wa mafakitale umachitika kugombe la Kingdom of Great Britain, Iceland, Norway, France, Portugal, Italy, ndi gombe lakumpoto kwa Africa.
Nsomba imapezeka m'mizere yamadzi:
- Kum'madzi ofunda kum'mwera kuchokera pa 350 mpaka 700 m.
- Kumpoto - kuchokera 200 mpaka 500 m.
Maonekedwe a gombelo munyanja ndi ofanana ndi chimera chonse. Nsombazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu waukulu wozungulira. Pamaso pake pali maso akulu kwambiri ndikutsegula pakamwa pang'ono. Zowoneka bwino m'chithunzichi.
Thupi limadumphira, kukoka mwamphamvu kumchira. Mchira pang'onopang'ono umasanduka ulusi.
Chomaliza chakumapeto koyamba ndi chachikulu. Pomwe 2 ili yaying'ono kutalika ndipo imayenda m'mphepete mwa thupi lonse la nsomba. Mafuta ofananira ndi ma pisoniti ophatikizika kwambiri.
Khungu la nsombayo limakhala losalala, kawirikawiri, siponji yaying'ono ingapezeke. Mtundu wakumbuyo wakumbuyo ndimtundu wakuda ndi tint yofiirira. M'mphepete pali malo ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo pamimba pakuwala.
Wachikulire amafikira kulemera kwa 2,5 kg, pomwe kutalika kwake kungakhale 1.5 m.
Chochititsa chidwi pakati pa anthu ndi kusapezeka kwa chikhodzodzo, monga momwe zimapangidwira achinsomba, omwe amakhalanso nsomba zamatumbo. Pachifukwa ichi, nsomba, kuti ikhalebe yothekera, iyenera kuyendayenda.
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
Pakadyedwa, nyanjayo, monga nsomba zambiri zam'nyanja, ili ndi zofunikira zambiri kwa anthu:
- Ndiwofunika kwambiri pomanga protein.
- Mafuta a Omega-3 ali ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa pamitsempha yamagazi yamkati, mitsempha yamagazi, chiwindi, minofu ya mtima, dongosolo la kubereka, ubongo, khungu, tsitsi ndi misomali.
- Marine chimera ali ndi mavitamini A, E ndi D, omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini.
Ngakhale zili ndi mapindu, nyama zomwe zimapezeka ku European chimera ziyenera kukhala zochepa ngati:
- Amayi oyembekezera komanso oyembekezera, chifukwa nsombayo ili pansi ndipo amatha kudziunjikira poizoni.
- Kukhalapo kwa tsankho la munthu payekha, komwe kumawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe amomwe thupi lawo siligwirizana.
- Osamadya ana osakwana zaka 3.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Chimera cha ku Europe chimakhala kumpoto kwa Atlantic komanso nyanja zoyandikana ndi Nyanja ya Arctic. Adagawidwa pagombe la Norway, Iceland, Ireland, Great Britain, France, Italy, Portugal, Morocco, Azores ndi Madeira, mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Zambiri pazakupezeka kwa mitundu iyi m'madzi aku South Africa zimafunikira chitsimikiziro. Nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zamadzi am'madzi zimapezeka pansi pa 40 mpaka 1400 m. Kumpoto, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosazama kwa 200-500 m, ndipo kum'mwera - 350-700 mamita. M'nyengo yozizira, imayandikira m'mphepete, nthawi yomwe Chimera cha ku Europe chimadutsa fjords aku Norway pamtunda wa 90-180 m.
Momwe mungaphikire mu uvuni
Musanayambe kukonza chimera cha ku Europe, muyenera kuganizira:
- Maso azikhala owoneka bwino, ndipo matayaliridwewo ali mkati amakhala ofiira. Uwu ndi umboni wa azakhali watsopano.
- Mukadula, musawononge zipsepse. Izi zikaloledwa, ndiye kuti nyamayo imakhala yowawa.
- Nyamayi ndi yolimba, koma imawoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungamaphikire.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ili ngati iyi.
Mawonekedwe
Mutu wake ndi wokulira. Maso ndi akulu. Pakamwa pamakhala m'munsi, yaying'ono, yopingasa. Pali 4 pamtondo wapamwamba, ndi miyala iwiri yayikulu yolumikizira mano. Thupi limakhala lotalika, limachepa kwambiri kumbuyo. Mchira wopyapyala, wa sphenoid umatha ndi ulusi wautali. Zipsepse zamakutu ndizokulirapo. Finors woyamba dorsal ndi wamtali komanso waufupi, pali msana wautali wolimba kumalire a anterior, ndipo chachiwiri chakumapeto kwa dorsal chili mu mawonekedwe apansi, omwe amafika pachiyambipo pake. Anal fin ochepa. Pamutu pali dongosolo lamayendedwe omvera. Khungu limakhala lopanda zofewa, nthawi zina lophimbidwa ndi mafupa amiyala. Dorsal kumtunda ndi zofiirira zakuda ndi tint yofiirira, mbali zimakhala zokhala ndi dongo, mbali yamkatiyo ndiyopepuka. Masamba a caudal, anal komanso a posterior a ziphuphu zachiwiri za dorsal ali ndi kuyimitsidwa kwakuda. Kutalika kwa chimera akuluakulu kumakhala 1.5 m, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kolembetsedwa ndi 2,5 kg.
Amuna amakhala ndi kamtunda kakang'ono pakati pa maso pakati pa maso. Khungu limakhala losalala ndipo limayenda mumitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Biology
Kuyika mazira otsekedwa mu kaphatikizidwe kaminyanga. Kubalana chaka chonse. Kufikira mazira 200 amapezeka m'mimba mwa akazi. Wamkazi amayikira mazira awiri kangapo popanda umuna mobwerezabwereza. Asanagone, yaikazi imakhala ndi mazira ophatikizidwa ndi zotulutsira mazira. Kenako amaziyika pansi mwakuya kwambiri, nthawi zina mpaka 400. Pazinthu za yolk ndi 26 mm. Kapholo kamakhala ndi mulingo woboola bwino mpaka 4 mm kutalika. Mapeto am'munsi mwa kapisozi ndi opangika bwino, kumtunda kumawoneka ngati kanyumba kakang'ono kwambiri, komwe kamathandizira dzira. Kashiamu ndi kutalika kwa 163-77 mm ndi pafupifupi 25 mm mulifupi. Zowonjezera ndizotalika 30 mpaka 40 mm. Mtundu wonyezimira wakuda wobiriwira wa azitona. Mazira amakula pafupifupi chaka. Makanda obadwa kumene amapangidwadi. Achichepere nthawi zambiri samabwera. Milandu yokhudza kugwidwa imadziwika kuchokera ku zilumba za Faroe pakuya mamita 1000 ndikuchokera ku Ireland pakuya mamita 600. Achinyamata ndi zazitali 11 cm. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa kuposa akazi.
European chimera - benthophagus. Zakudya zake zimakhala ndi ma invertebrates: crustaceans, mollusks, mphutsi ndi echinoderms. Nthawi zina nsomba imabwera pamimba.
Kuyanjana kwa anthu
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, nsomba sizinali ndi phindu lililonse pa malonda: nyama inkawonedwa ngati yothandiza, koma nthawi zina mafuta omwe amachokera m'chiwindi chawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kapena mafuta. Mazira amaonedwa ngati mankhwala. Ku Norway, ma chimera adadziwika kuti amachiritsa. Nyamayi ndi yolimba, koma m'maiko ena imadyedwa.
Malinga ndi International Council for the Discover of the Sea, ngakhale mtunduwu suli wamalonda, pakhala pali milandu yokhudza kubedwa. Nthawi zambiri, anthu osakwatira amagwa nthawi yayitali, koma ma chimera ambiri amagwidwa kumapeto kwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Norway. Kugwidwa kwapadziko lapansi ndikosakwanira (m'matani): 1992 - 106, 1994 - 60, 1995 - 106, 1996 - 21, 1997 - 15, 1998 - 32, 1999 - 12, 2000 - 15. Wogwidwa akugwira nsomba zazikuluzikulu za pansi akusodza nsomba zina. Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Natural lapatsa nyanjayo mwayi woti azikhala nayo pafupi.