Ma Isopod (ofanana) ndi amtundu wa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zazinkhanira. Zokwanira, zimaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa khumi ndi theka ya crustaceans, yomwe imapezeka m'malo onse, kuphatikizapo madzi amchere ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapadziko lapansi. Pakati pawo, pali magulu a crustaceans omwe ndi majeremusi.
Ichi ndiye chinthu chakale kwambiri - choyambirira chidabweranso nthawi ya Triassic ya nthawi ya Mesozoic. Zotsalira za isopods zidapezeka koyamba mu 1970 - zidali zosinthika ndi moyo m'madzi. Kale ku Mesozoic, isopods ankakhala ndi madzi abwino ndipo anali adani awo owopsa.
Kanema: Isopod
Panthawiyo, ma isopod analibe opikisana nawo kwambiri pazomangamanga, iwo eniwo samawukiridwa ndi adani ena. Amawonetsanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, zomwe zidaloleza kuti zolengedwa zizikhala ndi moyo kwa zaka mamiliyoni popanda kusintha mwakuthupi konse.
Nthawi yoyamba ya Cretaceous imaphatikizira ndi maoplop a islods, omwe amapezeka mu amber. Adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu mu chakudya cha nthawi ino. Masiku ano, ma isopod ali ndi magulu ambiri, ambiri omwe ali ndi mikangano.
Ma Isopod ndiwosiyana kwambiri ndi oyimira amtundu wamakola apamwamba, omwe amaphatikizanso:
Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera koyenda pansi pamadzi, mutu wokhala ndi tinyanga tambiri tating'ono, kumbuyo ndi pachifuwa. Pafupifupi onse oimira dongosolo la nsomba zazinkhanira zapamwamba amayamikiridwa mumapangidwe asodzi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Giant Isopod
Ma Isopod ndi banja lalikulu la khansa yapamwamba, omwe oimira ake amasiyana wina ndi mnzake mawonekedwe ake. Makulidwe awo amatha kusiyana ndi 0,6 mm. Kuti 46 cm. (Isopods Giant deep sea). Thupi la isopods linagawikidwanso kuti magawo, pakati omwe amayenda mafupa.
Ma Isopod ali ndi miyendo 14, yomwe imagawidwanso m'magulu a motile chitin. Miyendo yake imasiyanitsidwa ndi kachulukidwe, kamene kamapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi minofu yayikulu yamafupa, yomwe imalola ma isopod kuti azigwira bwino komanso mwachangu pamalo osiyanasiyana - lapansi kapena pansi pamadzi.
Chifukwa cha chipolopolo cholimba chotchedwa chitinous, ma isopod satha kusambira, koma amangokwawa pansi. Malingaliro awiri ali pakamwa amathandizira kugwira kapena kugwira zinthu.
Pamutu pa isopods pali antennas awiri ozama komanso zowonjezera pakamwa. Ma Isopod sawoneka bwino, mwa ena, masomphenya nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe am'mitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kufikira masauzande.
Mtundu wa isopods ndi wosiyana:
- yoyera, yofiyira
- kirimu,
- mutu
- bulauni,
- woderapo ndipo pafupifupi wakuda.
Mtundu umatengera malo a isopod ndi mitundu yake, makamaka imakhala ndi ntchito yopanda tanthauzo. Nthawi zina pamatumba amiyala yakuda ndi yoyera omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika amatha kuwoneka.
Mchira wa isopod ndi mbale yayitali yolingika ya chitin, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mano pakati. Nthawi zina ma mbale oterowo amatha kudutsana, ndikupanga dongosolo lolimba. Mchira wake ndi wofunikira kwa isopods posowa - -. Isopod ilibe ziwalo zambiri zamkati - izi ndi zida zopumira, mtima, ndi matumbo. Mtima, monga ziwalo zina zamkati, umasunthika kumbuyo.
Kodi isopod imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nyanja Isopod
Ma Isopod adziwa mitundu yonse ya malo. Mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza yokhala ndi parasitic, imakhala m'madzi atsopano. Ma Isopod amakhalanso m'madzi amchere amchere, nyanja, zipululu, malo otentha ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaminda ndi nkhalango.
Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a chimphona chachikulu sichitha kupezeka m'malo otsatirawa:
Imakhala yokha pansi pa nyanja m'makona ake akuda kwambiri. Pali njira ziwiri zokha zogwirira isopod yayikulu: kugwira nyama zakufa zomwe zatulukira ndipo zidadyedwa kale ndi mbangazi, kapena kukhazikitsa msambo wakuya ndi nyambo kuti igweremo.
Chowoneka Chosangalatsa: Zisumbu zazikulu za Giant zomwe zimagwidwa kugombe la Japan nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'midzi yamadzi ngati zokongoletsera.
Mphutsi zamatabwa ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya isopod.
Amatha kupezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, koma amakonda malo onyowa, monga:
- mchenga m'mphepete mwa madzi abwino,
- nkhwawa zamvula,
- ma cellars
- pansi pa miyala munthaka yonyowa
- pansi pa mitengo yowola, yoponda.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mokrits imatha kupezeka ngakhale ku ngodya zakumpoto kwa Russia m'nyumba komanso m'mapalesi komwe kumakhala chinyezi chochepa.
Mitundu yambiri ya isopods inali isanaphunzire; malo awo satha kufikika kapena sanadziwikebe bwinobwino. Mitundu yomwe yaphunziridayi imatha kupezeka ndi anthu, chifukwa amakhala m'makungwa am'madzi komanso nyanja, nthawi zambiri amaponyedwa pagombe, kapena m'nkhalango ndi minda, nthawi zina amakhala m'nyumba.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe isopod imakhala. Tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi amadya isopod?
Kutengera mitundu, isopods imatha kukhala yopatsa chidwi, yopatsa chidwi kapena yopatsa chidwi. Ma Giop isopods ndi gawo lofunikira mu chilengedwe cha nyanja, makamaka pansi pake. Ndiwosasa ndipo izi ndi chakudya cha nyama zazikuluzikulu.
Zakudya za chimphona chachikulu zimaphatikizapo:
- nkhaka zam'nyanja
- masiponji
- nematode
- ma radiolarians
- Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zimakhala m'nthaka.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa ma isopods akuluakulu ndi zikwanje zakufa ndi zazikazi zazikulu, zomwe matupi awo amagwera pansi - ma sopod okhala ndi zinzambi zina zakuya panyanja amadya zinzake zazikulu ndi zina zazikulu.
Chochititsa chidwi: Nkhani ya Shark Sabata ya 2015 idawonetsa momwe chimphona chachikulu cha isopod chikuwombera shaki yomwe yakodwa mumsampha wakunyanja. Inali katran, wamkulu kuposa isopod, koma cholengedwa chinagwira pamutu pake ndikudya wamoyo.
Mitundu yaying'ono ya isopods, yomwe imagwidwa mu maukonde akuluakulu kuti asodzi, nthawi zambiri imawomba nsomba mwachindunji mumakokedwe ndikuyidya mwachangu. Samakonda kugwira nsomba zamoyo, osathamangitsa nyama, koma ingotengani mwayi ngati nsomba yaying'ono ili pafupi.
Isopods zazikulu zimalolera kuvutika mosavuta ndi njala, zimakumana ndi zovuta. Sadziwa momwe angayendetsere kumverera kwa satiety, kotero nthawi zina amakhala okwanira kuti asunthe. Mitundu ya isopods, monga nsabwe za nkhuni, imakhala yothandiza kwambiri. Amadyetsa kompositi ndi zomera zatsopano, pomwe mitundu ina imakana kukola zovunda ndi zina zomera.
Chosangalatsa: Woodlice imatha kukhala tizirombo tonse awiri, kudya mbewu zofunika, ndi zina zofunikira zomwe zimawononga namsongole.
Palinso mitundu ina ya isopods. Amamatirira ena crustaceans ndi nsomba, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwononga zinthu zambiri.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Giant Isopod
Ma isopod am'madzi ndi nsabwe za nkhuni sizankhanza. Ma isopod am'madzi, nthawi zina amakhala olusa, amatha kuthana ndi nyama zazing'ono, koma iwonso sangawonetse nkhanza zosafunikira. Amakonda kubisala pansi, pakati pa miyala, miyala komanso zinthu zowotchera.
Ma isopod amadzimadzi amakhala okha, ngakhale siwokha. Zitha kuwombana wina ndi mnzake, ndipo ngati munthu wina ndi mnzake ndi wocheperako, ndiye kuti ma isopod amatha kuwonetsa ukali ndikuwukira woimira wina. Amasaka usana ndi usiku, akuwonetsa kuchita pang'ono kuti asagwidwe ndi adani.
Woodlice amakhala m'magulu akulu. Izi zolengedwa sizikhala ndi dimorphism. Masana, amabisala pansi pamiyala, pakati pa mitengo yowola, m'magulu okhala ndi malo ena onyowa, ndipo usiku amapita kukadyetsa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosateteza nkhuni pamaso pa tizilombo toononga.
Maopu amphongo nthawi zonse amakhala akusaka. Mosiyana ndi ma subspecies ena, zolengedwa izi zimakhala zaukali ndipo zimenya chilichonse chomwe chikuwoneka pafupi nawo. Amatha kuthana ndi zolengedwa zazikulu kwambiri kuposa kukula kwake, ndipo izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chilakolako chawo chosasinthika. Ma Giop isopod amatha kusaka mwachangu, kusuntha pansi pamadzi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha zilombo zazikulu kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Mitundu yambiri ya ma isopod ndiosasiyana komanso imaberekana mwa kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa akazi ndi amuna. Koma mwa iwo pali hermaphrodites, omwe amatha kugwira ntchito zamtunduwu.
Ma isopod osiyanasiyana ali ndi mfundo zawo zoweta:
- mitengo yazikazi imakhala ndi ma testicles. M'mwezi wa Meyi kapena Epulo, amalumikizana ndi amunawo, ndikuwadzaza ndi mbewu, ndipo akakhuta, amaphulika, ndipo mbewuyo imalowa m'mimba mwake. Pambuyo pa izi, zitsulo zazikazi, mawonekedwe ake amasintha: pakati pa magawo asanu ndi achisanu ndi chimodzi a miyendo chipinda cha ana chimapangidwa. Ndipamene amathira mazira okhathamiritsa, omwe amapanga masiku angapo. Ndi iye, amakhalanso ndi nsabwe za nkhuni zatsopano. Nthawi zina mbali ina ya mbewuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito osagwiritsa ntchito mazira, kenako kanyunyu kamasungunuka ndikupezanso mawonekedwe ake akale.
- zimphona zazikulu za isopod ndi mitundu yambiri yam'madzi zimaswana m'miyezi yophukira ndi chisanu. Panthawi yakukhwima, chipinda cha ana chimapangidwa mwa akazi, pomwe mazira osanjikizana amayikidwa pambuyo poti akhwime. Amawatenga limodzi naye, komanso amasamalira ma isopods omwe asinthidwa posachedwa, omwe amakhalanso mu chipinda chino kwakanthawi. Giant isopod cubs amawoneka chimodzimodzi ngati achikulire, koma alibe miyendo yakutsogolo yomwe imagwira bwino ntchito,
- mitundu ina ya paropic isopods ya hermaphrodite, ndipo amatha kubereka onse kudzera pakukhudzana ndi kugonana, ndikudziphatikiza okha. Mazira akusambira kwaulere, ndipo asopod amasodzedwa amamatira ku shrimp kapena nsomba zazing'ono, zikupezeka kale pa izo.
Ma isopods padziko lapansi amakhala pafupifupi kuyambira miyezi 9 mpaka 12, ndipo kuchuluka kwa moyo wa madzi isokodoli sikudziwika. Isopods zazikulu za Giant zomwe zimakhala m'madzi am'madzi zimakhala zaka 60.
Adani achilengedwe a isopods
Chithunzi: Nyanja Isopod
Isopods ndi chakudya cha nyama zambiri zomwe zimadya komanso zakudya zina. Ma isopod am'madzi amadyedwa ndi nsomba ndi crustaceans, ma octopus nawonso nthawi zina amamenya.
Isopods zazikulu zimagwidwa:
- shaki zazikulu
- sikwidi
- ma isopodi ena
- nsomba zingapo zam'nyanja.
Ndizowopsa kusaka chimphona chachikulu, chifukwa cholengedwa chimatha kupereka chipongwe. Isopods zazikulu zimalimbana mpaka kumapeto ndipo sizibwerera pansi - ngati zipambana, zimadya wozunza. Ma Isopod si zolengedwa zopatsa thanzi kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mitundu yambiri (kuphatikiza nsabwe za nkhuni) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri munyolo.
Isopods zozama zitha kudya:
Woodlice alibe njira zodzitetezera, kupatula kupaka mpira, koma izi sizimawathandiza polimbana ndi omwe akuwawombera. Ngakhale kuti adani ambiri amadya mitengo yamtengo wapatali, iwo amakhala anthu ambiri, popeza amakhala ochulukirapo.
Pakakhala ngozi, ma isopods amapindika kukhala mpira, ndikuwonetsa chipolopolo cholimba cholimba. Izi sizimayimitsa nyerere zomwe zimakonda kudya nsabwe za nkhuni: zimangongoliza khola lankhondo ku anthill, pomwe gulu la nyerere limatha kuthana nalo bwinobwino. Ena nsomba amatha kumeza isopod kwathunthu ngati sangathe kuluma.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Isopod m'chilengedwe
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya isopods sikhala pachiwopsezo chazimirazi, sizili mu Buku Lofiira ndipo sizinalembedwe ngati mitundu pafupi ndi chiwopsezo cha kutha. Isopod ndi chakudya chamayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.
Kusodza kwawo ndikovuta pazifukwa zingapo:
- Mitundu ya isopods ndiyochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake alibe phindu lililonse lazakudya: kulemera kwawo kwambiri ndi chipolopolo,
- ziphona zazikulu za isopod ndizovuta kuvuta pamalonda, chifukwa zimangokhala mwakuya,
- Nyama ya Isopod imakonda mwachindunji, ngakhale ambiri amachifanizira ndi chosimba.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mu 2014, mu malo osungirako zinyama ku Japan, m'modzi mwa asopod akuluakulu adakana kudya ndipo adakhala pansi. Kwa zaka zisanu, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti isopod imadya mwachinsinsi, koma atamwalira, kafukufuku wina wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri anasonyeza kuti munalibe chakudya, ngakhale kuti kunalibe zisonyezo zakutopa.
Ma isopods apadziko lapansi omwe amatha kudya nkhuni amatha kutulutsa chinthu kuchokera kuma polima omwe amakhala ngati mafuta. Asayansi akuwerenga izi, chifukwa kutsogoloku kuli mwayi wopanga mafuta achilengedwe ogwiritsa ntchito isopods.
Isopodi - cholengedwa chodabwitsa. Akhala zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, sanasinthe ndipo adakali zinthu zofunika kwambiri munjira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Ma Isopod amakhala padziko lonse lapansi, koma nthawi yomweyo, ochulukirachulukira, amakhalabe amtendere zomwe sizingaopseze anthu komanso mitundu ina.
Ngati mukuganiza bwino!
Zachidziwikire, tsopano lingaliro loti pansi pa nyanja ndi nyanja yakuzama kwambiri ndilopanda zomera ndipo zopanda moyo mulibwinobwino. Kupatula apo, kunali kumtunda kwa nyanja, komwe matupi a nyama zazikulu za m'madzi pambuyo poti zafa mwachilengedwe. Ndizosatheka kuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe sikudzasangalatsa aliyense ndipo kungasiyidwe popanda kukonzedwa bwino.
Asayansi ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zakale ayesera mwakhama kutsimikizira kuti pansi pa nyanja palinso anthu. Lingaliro ili linatsimikiziridwa ndi chimphona chachikulu. Mokritsa adakhala nyenyezi yeniyeni mu 1879, anthu sakhulupirira kuti zolengedwa zoterezi zidapeza nyumba yawo pansi pa madzi.
Magulu azanyanja
Ma crustaceans akuluakulu pakuwoneka kwawo ali ofanana ndi nyumba wamba yamatabwa, yomwe yakula kwambiri kapena yasintha. Pakadali pano pali mitundu pafupifupi isanu ndi inayi ya nkhanu zazikuluzi.
Isopod yayikulu imakonda madzi akuya ndi ozizira a nyanja zitatu: Atlantic, Indian ndi Pacific. Kugawa kwa crustaceans sikuphunziridwa bwino. Ndipo pakadali pano palibe mitundu ya isopods yayikulu yomwe ikudziwika yomwe ingakhale kum'mawa kwa nyanja za Atlantic kapena Pacific.
Zolengedwa izi zimapezeka pakuya kwa mamita 170 mpaka 2500 m'malo osiyanasiyana am'nyanja. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu chinaonedwa pakuya kwa mamita 360 mpaka 750. Makoko awa amakula mpaka theka la mita kutalika. Choyerekeza chachikulu kwambiri chinafika pa kilogalamu yoposa imodzi ndi theka ndipo chinali chotalika kuposa 70 cm.
Kodi ma isopod amadya chiyani?
Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti ndi a scavenger, koma osangoyima pamtundu wamtundu wa chakudya. Amasaka masiponji ang'onoang'ono, nkhaka zam'nyanja ndi zina zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Mdima umalamulira pamadzi otentha, simungapeze chakudya chochuluka. Chifukwa chake, ma isopodi amasinthidwa mokwanira ndikukhala modekha kumenyedwa.
Mwa njira, crustaceans amatha kudya popanda nthawi yayitali - mpaka miyezi iwiri. Ngati apeza chakudya chokwanira, ndiye kuti amadyetsedwa mtsogolo. Monga lamulo, mpaka ma crustaceans okwana zana omwe amapaka pamimba amatha kupezeka mu nyama yakufa yakufa. Isopod wamkulu amakonda kudya pamoto. Zithunzi za zolengedwa masiku ano zimatha kupezeka m'mabuku ambiri.
Kapangidwe ka thupi
Thupi la isopod limakutidwa ndi chotupa chakunja cholimba, chomwe chimagawika m'magawo. Gawo lam'mwamba ndilolumikizana kwathunthu kumutu, zigawo zam'munsi za mafupa amapanga chishango cholimba chophimba pamimba chofupikachi. Monga nsabwe za nkhuni, pakagwa ngozi, chimphona cha isopod chimaphatikizira mu mphete yolimba, yokutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba. Izi zimamuthandiza kudzitchinjiriza kwa adani omwe amapha malo omwe ali osatetezeka kwambiri pansi pa chipolopolo. Isopodi yayikulu imatha kuwopsyeza munthu yemwe sakudziwa. Kufotokozera ndi zithunzi za cholengedwa zitha kuwonekera m'nkhaniyi.
Maso a isopod ndi akulu, ophatikizika ndipo ali ndi zovuta kupanga. Amapezeka patali kwambiri wina ndi mnzake.Ma Crustaceans ali ndi masomphenya oyang'ana kutsogolo. Komabe, kuzama kwakukulu, komwe amakhala, kudalira kwenikweni kulibe ntchito. Pali okwana mdima. Tinyanga tating'ono ndi tating'ono tating'ono tomwe tili mbali zamutu timagwira ziwalo zam'mutu, koma zimagwira m'malo mwa kununkhira, kukhudza, kutentha ndi kuyenda.
Miyendo yosangalatsayi
The isopod chimphona ali awiriawiri zisanu ndi ziwiri za miyendo ochepa. Awiri oyamba asinthidwa kukhala nsagwada, amathandizira kuti agwire ndikubweretsa chakudya pamagawo anayi a nsagwada. Nsagwada zimakhala ngati zonunkha pakudya. Mimba crustacean tichipeza zigawo zisanu ofanana. Kapangidwe ka thupi la isopods ndizachilendo. Utoto wa chipolopolo cha chimphona chachikulu chimakhala chowoneka bwino, chokhala ndi lilac kapena brown hue.
The isopod chimphona si litakhala. Mwina ndichifukwa chake kwa nthawi yayitali sanamvere.
Kubzala kwa crustacean
Ntchito apamwamba ubereki mu isopods chimphona zimawonedwa mu kasupe ndi yozizira. Pali chakudya chokwanira panthawiyi. Mazira akuluakulu a isopod ndi akuluakulu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu ya mbalame zam'madzi zam'madzi. Chifukwa pali anthu ambiri amene akufuna kusangalala ndi chakudya chokoma zimenezi, isopods wamkazi amavala lonse kuika mazira thumba ana mpaka oimira ka nkhanu zimaswa kwa iwo.
Ndizodziwika kuti osati mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka m'thumba, koma zazing'ono, zopangidwa mokwanira, isopods za crustaceans. Komabe, pali kusiyana kuchokera kwa akuluakulu - kusakhalapo kwa miyendo yomalizayi ya miyendo yowoneka. Sizikudziwika utali isopod chimphona moyo. Kuberekanso kwa crustaceans kumachitika kokha m'chilengedwe, ngakhale ambiri akuyesera kuti apange malo oyenera osungiramo zolengedwa izi m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale.
Giant isopods amakhala mozama kwambiri, kotero sayansi imadziwa zochepa za machitidwe a crustaceans m'malo awo achilengedwe. Mu oceanariums kapena m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera lalikulu la mizinda ina mukhoza kukumana nthumwi izi. Amalekerera ukapolo bwino, amagwira ntchito mwachangu komanso mwachangu.
Komabe, mlandu umadziwika kuti nthumwi ya crustaceans itapita yopanda chakudya kwa zaka zisanu. Anakwatulidwa mu Gulf of Mexico ndi kuwapititsa ku Japan, mumzinda wa Toba. Isopoda, yemwe anali wosangalala ku ukapolo, mwadzidzidzi adayamba kukana chakudya mu 2009. Kuyesera konse kumudyetsa kudatha. Chimphona isopoda Vicki anafa zaka 5, chifukwa ndi ntchito wamba - njala.
Amadziwika kuti zolengedwa izi zomwe zimakhala m'malo achilengedwe zimatha kuchita popanda kudya kwa nthawi yayitali ndikumva bwino. Mphekesera yamkuntho itatha zaka zingapo, asayansi adayamba kulingalira chimodzi chosangalatsa kuposa china. Iwo ankaganiza kuti isopod mobisa amadya chakudya, choncho zovuta zindikirani pamene izi zichitika. Mtundu wina umakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri: isopod imadzilimbitsa yokha ndikudalira. Koma kuchita izi zonse m'madzi otsekedwa motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri ndizosatheka. Choncho, maganizo onse ananyamuka anakomoka.
Mtundu waukadaulo wazakudya zam'madzi Taeko Timur ali pafupi kwambiri ndi chowonadi. Popeza kuti nyamayi ili pafupi ndi hibernation, machitidwe ake amachepetsedwa. A wosanjikiza mafuta amasonkhana chiwindi, yomwe ankadya pa nthawi, ndipo kudzadza okha pa chakudya lotsatira. Chifukwa chake, ntchito za isopods sizochepetsedwa.
Isopods zazikulu sitimazigwira m'mavoliyumu okha, koma mwachinsinsi. Iwe ukhoza kulawa iwo. Olimba mtima omwe adasankha kusangalala ndi nyama ya zosasangalatsa izi poyambilira, amaonanso kukoma kwa nkhuku, nkhwangwa ndi nsomba zazinkhanira. Zamoyo zoterezi ndizodziwika kwambiri ku Japan, ngakhale zoseweretsa zokhala ndi plush zimapangidwa kumeneko molemekeza.
Kodi mtundu wa nyama ndi
Okhala mwachilendo ndi amtundu wa Bathynomus. Amawerengedwa ngati isopods. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arthropods:
- Isopod wamkulu - ali ndi kukula kwa 8 mpaka 15 cm,
- chimphona chachikulu - akuluakulu ndi 17 mpaka 50 cm.
Mmodzi wa supergiants ndi Bathynomus giganteus. Kutalika kumafikira masentimita 19 - 36. Wogwidwa wamkulu kwambiri anali ndi masentimita 76 ndi kulemera kwa 1.7 kg.
Kodi mawonekedwe a cholengedwa ndi ziti?
Pamaso pa cholengedwacho Mtsikana wotere ambiri. Thupi limakhala ngati zida, popeza limatetezedwa ndi exoskeleton. Isopodi ali ndi khungu lomwe silikugunda. thupi kungakhale kuwala Brown kapena Lilac mtundu.
Isopodi imakhala ndi magawo angapo omwe alembedwa patebulopo.
Mutu | Kufotokozera |
---|---|
Mutu | Gawo ili ndi kamwa, yomwe imatsogozedwa pang'ono pang'ono. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa mayamwidwe mwamsanga chakudya. Kukukuta chakudya pakamwa kumachitika chifukwa cha mandibles - iyi ndi yoyamba nsagwada. Komanso sikuti kuli nsagwada, amaponyera chakudya mkamwa. Iwo amafanana ndi zikhadabu mu mawonekedwe. Maso amawoneka osangalatsa kwambiri. Iwo ndi akulu kwambiri. Isopods ndi masomphenya kwambiri, koma musati ntchito pa mozama. Pamwamba pamutu pali anangula omwe ndi ziwalo zam'mutu |
Reon | Iwo ali 7 zigawo. Zoyamba zimasokonekera ndi mutu, ndipo zotsalazo ndi pamimba. Mimbulu yam'mimba imakhala ndi magawo asanu. Mu nkhani ya ngozi, ndi isopod mwamsanga azipiringa mu mpira. Izi zimathandiza kuteteza malo awo omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri, chomwe chili pansi pa chigolopolo. |
Pleon | Ogaŵikana zigawo 6, palinso osachiritsika mbale |
Isopod ili ndi mawonekedwe omwe ma arthropods ena sanakhale nawo:
- pali mchira wautali komanso wotambalala ndipo ngati mungayang'ane, mungakumbukire fanuyo,
- Pazithunzi pamakhala zoluka zakuthwa, koma sizapangidwira kuti zigwiritse ntchito, koma zimafunikira pakuyenda kosavuta pa silt,
- maso abwino kwambiri
- alibe mapiko
- Miyendo 14 yokhala ndi kutalika kofanana, nthawi zina cholengedwa chimatchedwa miyendo.
Kodi amadyedwa ndi chiyani
N'zovuta kudya kumene pafupifupi palibe zamoyo. Koma ngakhale mwakuya, nsabwe zazikulu zamatanda sizimafa. Ma Isopod akufunafuna chakudya. dzina lina arthropods ndi orderlies a pansi pa madzi. Amatenga nsomba zosiyanasiyana zomwe zamwalira ndipo zili pansi, monga shaki.
Ma Isopodi amasaka bwino. Iwo akhoza kudya nyama zing'onozing'ono. Ngati nsomba zazikulu kulibe, isopods imayamba kugwira nyama zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhaka zam'nyanja kapena chinkhupule chaching'ono.
Koma, pali nthawi zina pamene palibe chakudya arthropods. Zachilengedwe zinawapatsa mwayi wopitilira njala. Isopod ikapeza chakudya, imadya mpaka imasiya kusuntha.
Iye zimadya nsomba kapena yaing'ono nyama
Kodi ndizinthu ziti zomwe zimasinthasintha m'moyo
M'moyo, ma isopod samakonda kumata m'matumba. Nthawi zambiri iwo kusuntha mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Chipinda chachikulu chamatabwa chimatha kukhala kunja kwa nyanja.
Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 5. isopod uyu wagwidwa ali Gulf of Mexico ndi kuwapititsa ku Japan. Mwadzidzidzi anasiya kudya. Zotsatira zoyipazi zinali chifukwa cha njala. Koma zaka 5 ndi nthawi ndithu; chikhalidwe wapereka timeneti ndi mwayi kuchita popanda chakudya.
Zitachitika izi, asayansi akuyika patsogolo zomwe amaganiza za arthropods. Wina amakhulupirira kuti cholengedwacho chimadya mobisa, pomwe ena amati plankton ikukula mkati mwake. Koma zonse izi ziri basi chabe.
Taeko Timur - katswiri wazam'madzi wam'madzi, adapereka malingaliro ake. Zotheka kuti mu isopods njira zonse zimachepetsedwa. Choncho, mafuta amasonkhana chiwindi, izo ankadya, ndi kudzadza pokhapokha zakudya.
Ndi ma isopod angati omwe amakhala munyanja, asayansi sakudziwa. Ma Arthropod ndi otchuka ku Japan. Pali ngakhale zidole ulemu zolengedwa zachilendo.
Momwe zimaswana
Amuna amayang'ana zazimuna zokha pakubala kenako ndikubalalika. Kubalana kumachitika makamaka m'nyengo yozizira kapena kasupe, pamene pali chakudya. Chifukwa chakukhwima, wamkazi amapanga chikwama cha mazira pamimba. Alipo mpaka chitukuko chathunthu. Thumba amateteza mazira. Mbewu zimayenera kutetezedwa kwa zilombo, izi zimachitika ndi mkazi.
Mu kanemayi mupeza zinthu zosangalatsa za isopods zazikulu:
Pambuyo exiting dzira, woodlice kudyetsa paokha. Kusiyana kwa akulu ndikusowa kwa miyendo yakunja ndi miyendo yaying'ono. Miyendo imayamba kudzipangira pawokha.
Ngati tizilombo tina kusamalira ana awo, ndiye akazi isopod samapereka tcheru kuti ana awo. Siziteteza kwa adani ndipo sizikhala pafupi nawo.
Asayansi adayesa momwe adapangira nyengo zofananira kuti ziberekere. Koma zotsatira zabwino zinachitikira sangathe kukwaniritsa.
Kodi ndizowopsa kwa anthu?
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ma isopod ndi owopsa kwa anthu. Izi sizowona. Panalibe milandu pamene nsabwe nkhuni anasankha magulu osiyana m'madzi. Komanso samazunza anthu.
Zolengedwa sizigwidwa zochuluka monga, mwachitsanzo, shrimp, koma pali anthu omwe adatha kudya. Amati kufanana kwa kukoma ndi nkhuku, khansa ndi shrimp. Makhalidwe ofunikira ndi otsika, motero, sizingatheke kugwira ambiri.
Ma Isopod alibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu.
Ndi maonekedwe a anapeza isopods Kodi
Mtunduwu unafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1870. Izi zidachitidwa ndi Alphonse Milne - Edward - wa ku France wezologist. Chimphona nkhuni nsabwe (Isopod) anatumizidwa kwa iye Alexander Agassis. Mu 1877 panali ntchito yotumiza sitima ya Blake ku Gulf of Mexico. Agassis adatumiza isopod pamodzi ndi ena oyimba. Izi zinali anapeza kwambiri ndi asayansi, monga iwo anatsutsa kopanda wa lopanda moyo nyanja. Tsoka ilo, wamwamuna yekha ndi amene adaperekedwa kuti atulutsidwe, ndipo wamkazi sanathe kugwidwa mpaka 1891.
Isopod ndi zolengedwa zowopsa. Mukapeza chithunzi cha chimphona nkhuni nsabwe, kuopa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu munthu. Koma kwenikweni, si owopsa kwa anthu. Panalibe milandu yodzipezera ndekha matumba a gombe pagombe kapena kuwukira anthu. Kwenikweni, isopods zili mwa nyanja.
Kufotokozera kwa Giant Isopod
Giant isopods ndi mtundu wamtundu wa crustacean wophatikizanso mitundu ina 15. Nthawi zambiri, mizukwa zachilengedwe akupezeka mu madzi akuya ya Atlantic, Pacific ndi nyanja ya Indian. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti zolengedwa izi sizingokhala mmalo awa okha, chifukwa dziko lapansili limaphunzitsidwa pang'ono ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa malo omwe zimakhala.
A crustaceans awa ndi abale a mbewa zamatabwa, zomwe zimakhala m'nyumba komanso zipinda zapansi, koma zimakhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu. Zilombozi ndi zitsanzo za pansi pa nyanja gigantism, kutanthauza mtima wa mitundu ina akukhala panyanja kuti zamitundu lalikulu kuposa achibale awo lapansi. Isopod yachizolowezi yomwe imakhala pamtunda sapitilira 5 cm, koma oyimira chimphona amachikulitsa.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa anthu okhala m'madzi kumeneku kumakhala kuyambira 20 mpaka 36 cm. Thupi, longa la nkhuni, limakakamizidwa kulowera kumimba, komanso lotetezedwa ndi dos extonkeleton, momwe limestone ilipo. The exoskeleton tichipeza zigawo kuti alipo wina ndi mnzake. Isopod wamkulu amatha kuyika "mpira", ngati abale awo amphibian, kuti adziteteze kwa adani.
Mbali yayikulu ya khungwa ndi maso ake, omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi wina aliyense pamutu ndipo ali ndi nkhope pafupifupi 4,000. masomphenya awo ndi abwino, mazunzo, ndi maso ndi zotsatira chimawala.
Thupi la chimphona chachikulu sichikhala ndi magawo angapo. Pali tinyanga tambiri, komanso maulendo asanu ndi awiri a miyendo ya pectoral, yoyamba yomwe imatenga nawo gawo pogwira chakudya, chifukwa chake imawoneka ngati mandibles. Mwa njira, cholengedwacho ali nsagwada anayi.
Anthu okhala munyanja yakuya iyi ali ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wotuwa.
Habitat ndi zakudya
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, izo ankakhulupirira kuti kuya nyanja anali wopanda moyo. Koma inali nthawi iyi pomwe katswiri wazowona za nyama ku France, dzina lake Alfons Milne-Edwards, adafotokoza koyamba za isopod yayikulu yomwe ili pansi pa Gulf of Mexico. Izi ndizomwe zidatulukira zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti moyo ulipo mkati mwa nyanja zamadzi.
Asayansi panopa kudzindikira nyama mu Western Atlantic ku America (Georgia) kuti Brazil, kuphatikizapo Gulf of Mexico ndi Caribbean. Chifukwa chovuta kuphunzirira zakuzama zam'nyanja, amakhulupirira kuti madera ena akuluakulu omwe amakhala.
Kukula komwe nyamazo zimakhalapo zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira mita 170 mpaka 2140 mita, malowa amadziwika ndi kutsika pang'ono komanso kutentha kochepa - pafupifupi madigiri anayi Celsius. Ena mitundu moyo ndi osaya - yekha pa akuya pakati pa 22 ndi 280 m.
Chakudya chachikulu kwambiri mwa zolengedwa izi ndi nyama zowola ndi zowola za nyama zina. Pachifukwa ichi, ma isopods akuluakulu adatchedwa "scfire of the seabod". Ndi chikhalidwe chawo, iwo ali carnivores ndi zakudya waukulu wapangidwa zinsomba akufa, squids ndi nsomba. Kuphatikiza apo, oimira awa a crustaceans amatha kuchita ngati nyama yolusa komanso kusaka nyama zomwe zimayenda pang'onopang'ono: mwachitsanzo, nkhaka zam'nyanja, nematode ndi masiponji.
Moyo wapansi pa nyanja ndiyosavuta, chifukwa nthawi zina chakudya chimakhala chosowa kwambiri, kotero ma isopod amakakamizidwa kusaka kapena kungokhala kwa nthawi yayitali osapeza chakudya. Iwo ali bwino ndinazolowera kudya ndipo amapita popanda chakudya kwa zaka zisanu.