Kuyambira kale, bambo amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuwona zonse zofananira - mwachitsanzo, chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsa shaki yayikulu kwambiri. Koma kupanga chithunzi chotere ndikovuta kwambiri.
Pali zifukwa zambiri. Zina mwazovuta ndi zovuta kupeza zilombo zazikulu kwambiri, kusankha makulidwe, madzi osanja, kuwopsa kokhala ndi shaki.
Mosiyana ndi nyama zam'madzi, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha chidwi chawo komanso momwe zimalumikizirana, shaki yoyera yayikulu imaganizira chinthu chosadziwika kuchokera pakuwoneka kukhazikika / kukhazikika.
Anthu ena akhaki oyera oyera komabe amakula mpaka kukula omwe sangathe kupezeka ndi nyama ina - - whale whale (Orcinus orca). Nyama za Killer zimafika kutalika kwa mamitala 10 ndi kulemera kwa matani 7 (zimakhala "zowonda"), pomwe kutalika kwakukulu kwa shaki zoyera sizinakhazikitsidwe bwino.
Kodi shaki yoyera kwambiri ndi ndani?
Makulidwe a asodzi oyera akulu kwambiri
Moyo weniweni wa shaki zoyera sizikudziwika - sangathe kukhala mu ukapolo kwanthawi yayitali ndikuwayang'ana.
Asayansi amawona zaka zazikulu kwambiri za shaki zoyera zofanana ndi zaka 70-100. Ngati nsapato yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi zaka 100 zakubadwa, ndiye kuti mtundu wa shaki wazaka 100 uyenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa 10-12 metre sikungakhale konse malire.
Zithunzi zoyambirirazo, pomwe shaki yoyera yayikulu kwambiri ili pafupi ndi asodzi, zalembedwa mu 1945: shaki yoyesedwa yolemera pafupifupi matani atatu, kutalika kwake inali 6.4 metres.
Zowona, pali mfundo imodzi - matupi a asodzi omwe agwidwa ndikuchiritsidwa kumadzi amataya madzi mwachangu, i.e. kunenepa, kuchepa kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za miyeso zomwe zimatengedwa nthawi yomweyo atagwiriridwa ndipo pambuyo pake sizikugwirizana - kusiyana kungakhale mpaka 10%.
Mu "Jaws" wosangalatsa wodziwika bwino, wasodzi wachisoni Quint amatsimikiza kutalika kwa shaki ya cannibal pa 7.5 metres.
Koma pali umboni wambiri wa asodzi omwe amadzinenera kuti adakumana ndi enieni enieni akulu akulu akulu akulu - onse pamtunda wa 10.7 ndi 12.2.
Kodi maumboni awa ndi owona bwanji ndipo ngati ali owona, chifukwa chiyani mdani wamkulu wamkulu uja sanagwidwe mpaka pano?
Mwina mfundo yake ndi kuthekera kwa madzi kukonzanso kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, kusintha kosawoneka ndi kukulitsa zomwe zikuwoneka - asodziwo adawona shaki zazing'ono zazikulu kuposa momwe amaganizira.
Izi zikufanana ndi kukulitsa zithunzi - mwachitsanzo, kwa "shaki yoyera yayikulu", mutha kungokulitsa shaki yokha, kusiya malo ozungulira osasinthika (njira yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zojambula).
Onerani kanemayo - Shaki yoyera kwambiri:
Zithunzi za White Giants
Mtundu wa nyama zowopsa izi ndiwodziwika bwino kwa asodzi: kumbuyo ndi mbali zake ndi zofiirira, utoto wake umatha kusiyanasiyana mpaka pamtambo wakuda. Koma pamimba, monga nsomba zambiri, ndi yoyera.
Shaki zoyera zamamita anayi ndi achinyamata omwe sangathe kubereka. Ana ndi akulu omwe, sanakwatire ndipo samasonkhana zoweta.
Amasaka kulikonse komwe mungapeze nyama yoyenera: m'mbali mwa nyanja komanso m'madzi am'nyanja zonse, kupatula ku Arctic.
Asodzi oyera ambiri amabwera ku Nyanja ya Japan, Nyanja ya Pacific, pagombe la North America, kuzungulira Africa, Australia ndi New Zealand, pakati penipeni pa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Adriatic, komanso madera ena akutali.
Amakonza madzi ofunda, koma amatha kusambira ozizira. Nthawi zambiri imayandama pansi, komanso imapezekanso pozama, nthawi zina kupitirira mita chikwi.
Mwa nsomba zambiri zoyera kwambiri, pali njira zosamukasamukira, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kugombe la California kupita ku Hawaii, kuchokera pagombe la Australia kupita ku South Africa komanso mosinthanitsa, pomwe nsomba izi zimasambira makilomita 20,000 kapena kupitilira chaka chilichonse.
Mano a masentimita 5 osakhala ndi matako m'mphepete, omwe ali m'mizere ya 3-5, ndi nsagwada zazikulu, amalola chilombochi kusaka nyama yayikulu, ndikuluma mosavuta miyendo kapena zidutswa zazikulu kuchokera kwa wozunzika wamoyo ndi kuwameza iwo nthawi yomweyo.
Nthawi zambiri kusaka kumakhala kwa anzawo - abambo ang'ono ndi ang'ono, omwe amameza kwathunthu.
Mosakayikira, pamndandanda wa omwe akuzunzidwa palinso munthu, sizachabe kuti mtunduwu umatchedwa shaki kapena "kufa kwoyera". Komanso, nyama yolusa imeneyi sikuti imangoyendetsa anthu m'madzi, komanso anthu okhala m'mabwato.
Onerani kanema - Kusaka chinsomba choyera kwambiri:
Chifukwa chiyani zimakhala zovuta kukakumana ndi shaki yoyera yayikulu?
Kafukufuku wazaka zaka zambiri asayansi amatilola kudziwa njira imodzi pakusintha kwa mitundu: kukula kwakukuru kwa zilombo zotheka ndizotheka pakakhala ma herbivores akuluakulu, i.e. chakudya chimayenera kukhala chochulukirapo.
Kupanda kutero, nyama zonse zazikulu ndi nsomba zidzafa ndi njala - nkovuta kudyetsa thupi lalikulu komanso lamphamvu.
Ndizodziwika kuti pafupifupi zaka 10000 njoka zam'madzi, mimbulu yayikulu ndi zimbalangondo zimatheratu. Mwina nthawi yomweyo, agulu akulu a Megalodon anazimiririka - mtundu wina wamtundu wachilengedwe unalanda chakudya cha herbivores zazikulu ndipo kufa kwazambiri zamitundu kunayendera m'ndende.
Chifukwa chake, chithunzichi, chomwe chatenga chinsomba choyera kwambiri cha mamita 6 m'litali, ndichilendo mu mtundu wake. Zowonadi, chakudya cham'mbuyo cham'madzi cham'madzi cham'madzi cham'madzi chamchere sichitha kwambiri munthu: kuchuluka kwa nsomba ndi nsomba zam'madzi, ngozi ya akasinja ndi nsanja zamafuta.
Kwa anthu, izi ndizongotaya kapena phindu, chifukwa cha moyo wam'madzi - izi ndizowopseza kutha konse.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu imatha kukula kwambiri ndi zaka komanso malo abwino: chakudya chochuluka, palibe adani ndi kutentha kwamadzi. Koma mwayiwu ndi wocheperako chaka chilichonse.
Ndikufuna kudziwa chilichonse
Zomwe tawerenga kale pa asodzi:
Tsopano tiyeni tifufuze shaki wotchuka kwambiri komanso wokhetsa magazi.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu (lat.Carcharodon carcharias) - imadziwikanso kuti shaki yoyera, imfa yoyera, shaki yamkuntho, karharodon - nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yam'madzi yopezeka kumtunda kwa nyanja zonse za Dziko Lapansi, kupatula ku Arctic.
Chidyamakanda ichi chimadziwika ndi dzina loyera la gawo lam'mimba la thupi, mzere wosweka mbali zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kumbuyo kwamdima. Kufikira kutalika kwa mamita opitilira 7 ndi unyinji woposa 3000 kg, shaki yoyera yayikulu ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yamakono (osaganizira nsomba zazikuluzikulu za shaki ndi zazikulu zomwe zimadya ku plankton).
Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwakukulu kwambiri, shaki yoyera yayikulu yatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha zisakasa zambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kosambira, kosiyanasiyana ndi ma surf. Mwayi wopulumuka chifukwa chamadwala owombedwa ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri ndi wocheperako kuposa omwe amakhala pansi pa tayala lagalimoto. Thupi losuntha lamphamvu, kamwa yayikuru, yokhala ndi mano akuthwa komanso kufunitsitsa kukhutiritsa chilala cha nyama yolusa imeneyi sizingasiye chiyembekezo cha wopulumutsidwa ngati shaki yatsimikiza kupindula ndi thupi la munthu.
Great White Shark ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe watsala wamtundu wa Carcharodon.
Zatsala pang'ono kutha - alipo pafupifupi 3,500 okha omwe adatsala Padziko lapansi.
Dzina loyamba lasayansi, squalus carcharias, adapatsidwa kwa shark yoyera yayikulu ndi Carl Linnaeus mu 1758.
Zoologist E. Smith mu 1833 adasankha dzina loti Carcharodon (Greek karcharos spicy + Greek. Odous - dzino). Dzina lomaliza lamakono la asayansi zamtunduwu lidapangidwa mu 1873, pomwe dzina la mitundu ya a Linnean lidaphatikizidwa ndi dzina la jini pansi pa nthawi imodzi - Carcharodon carcharias.
Great White ndi ya banja la herring shark (Lamnidae), yomwe imaphatikizanso mitundu inayi yakuwedza zam'madzi: maaka shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), the refu-mako mako shark (Longfin mako), Pacific salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) ndi nsomba yakuwala ya Atlantic shark (Lamna nasus).
Kufanana pakupangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a mano, komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu kwa shaki yoyera yayikulu ndi prehistoric megalodon, kwapangitsa asayansi ambiri kuti aziganiza kuti ndi mitundu yogwirizana kwambiri. Lingaliro ili limawonetsedwa mu dzina la sayansi la omaliza - Carcharodon megalodon.
Pakadali pano, akatswiri ena ati amakayikira za ubale wapamtima wa carharadon ndi megalodon, powaganizira kuti ndi abale ake akutali a banja la shaki, koma sizogwirizana kwenikweni. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti shaki yoyera ili pafupi ndi ma shaki kuposa magalodon. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chomwe chayikidwa patsogolo, kholo lenileni la shaki yoyera yayikulu ndi Isurus hasalis, pomwe megalodons imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi asodzi amtundu wa Carcharocle. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chomwechi, Otodus obliquus amamuwona ngati woimira nthambi yakale ya Carcharocles megalodon olnius.
Fossil dzino
Shaki yoyera yayikulu imakhala padziko lonse lapansi m'madzi am'mbali mwa alumali, kutentha kwake kuyambira 12 mpaka 24 C. M'madzi ozizira, nsomba zazikulu zoyera sizimapezeka konse. Samakhala m'madzi opanda nyanja komanso amchere ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, sanapezeke mu Nyanja Yakuda, yomwe ndi yatsopano kwambiri kwa iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, mu Nyanja Yakuda kulibe chakudya chokwanira cha nyama zazikuluzikulu ngati shaki yoyera yayikulu.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu imaphimba madzi ambiri am'madzi otentha a Nyanja Yadziko Lonse. Mapu omwe ali pamwambapa akuwonetsa kuti mutha kukumana nawo kulikonse mkati mwa nyanja zam'madzi za dziko lapansi, kupatula, Arctic.
Kummwera, sizipezeka kupitilira gombe lakumwera kwa Australia ndi gombe la South Africa. Ndiwotheka kukumana ndi asodzi oyera oyera pagombe la California, kufupi ndi chilumba cha Mexico ku Guadeloupe. Anthu ena amakhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Adriatic (Italiya, Croatia), kugombe la New Zealand, komwe amatetezedwa.
Asodzi oyera oyera nthawi zambiri amasambira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
M'modzi mwa anthu ofunikira kwambiri asankha chilumba cha Dyer (South Africa), komwe ndi komwe kuli maphunziro ambiri asayansi a mitundu iyi ya asodzi. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zoyera kwambiri zimapezeka ku Caribbean, mphepete mwa Mauritius, Madagascar, Kenya, ndi Seychelles. Anthu ambiri anapulumuka pagombe la California, Australia, ndi New Zealand.
Karharodons ndi nsomba zam'madzi am'madzi, maonekedwe awo nthawi zambiri amawoneka ndikulemba m'madzi am'nyanja, okhala ndi nyama zambiri monga zisindikizo, mikango yam'madzi, anamgumi, momwe nsomba zina zazikulu ndi mafupa amakhala.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu imatchedwa kuti mfumukazi ya mnyanja, chifukwa palibe amene angayerekezedwe ndi iye mu mphamvu yakuwombana pakati pa nsomba zina ndi okhala kunyanja. Whale wamkulu whale yekha yemwe amawopa karharodona.
Shaki zoyera zoyera zimatha kusunthira mtunda wautali ndipo zimatha kumira mwakuya kwakukulu: asodzi awa amalembedwa pakuya pafupifupi 1300 m.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti shaki yoyera yayikulu imasuntha pakati pa Baja California (Mexico) ndi malo pafupi ndi Hawaii, omwe amadziwika kuti White Shark Cafe, komwe amakhala masiku osachepera 100 pachaka asanasamuke ku Baja California. Ali m'njira, amasambira pang'onopang'ono ndi kulowa pansi mpaka pakuya pafupifupi 900. Atafika pagombe, amasintha machitidwe awo. Kubira kumatsitsidwa mpaka 300 m ndikukhala mpaka mphindi 10.
Shark yoyera, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa South Africa, idawonetsa njira zosamukira ku gombe lakumwera kwa Australia ndi kubwerera, zomwe zimachitika chaka chilichonse. Ofufuzawo apeza kuti njirayi yoyera kwambiri imasambira m'mwezi wochepera 9. Kutalika konse kwa njira yosamukira kuli pafupifupi 20,000 km mbali zonse ziwiri.
Maphunzirowa adatsutsa malingaliro akale, malinga ndi momwe shaki yoyera amadziwika kuti anali wadyera wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kuyanjana pakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana a shaki yoyera, omwe kale ankawaganizira kuti adadzilekanitsa, adakhazikitsidwa.
Zolinga ndi zifukwa zomwe shaki yoyera imasamukira sizikudziwika. Pali malingaliro oti kusamuka kumachitika chifukwa cha nyengo yakusaka kapena masewera akudya.
kudya shaki yoyera yayikulu-yopindika, yowongoka, ngati shaki zambiri - zidyamakanda zolimbikira. Mutu waukulu, wowoneka ngati wamaso wokhala ndi maso yaying'ono ndi mphuno, pomwe timayamwa tating'onoting'ono timatsogola, ndikuwonjezera kuyenderera kwamadzi kupita ku zolowa zamkati zamkati.
Pakamwa pamakhala ponseponse, muli ndi mano akuthwa owumbiratu ndi ma cell mbali. Ndi mano ngati nkhwangwa, shaki imadula mosavuta nyama kuti igwirike. Chiwerengero cha mano a shaki yoyera yayikulu, ngati nthenga, ndi 280-300. Amapangidwa m'mizere ingapo (nthawi zambiri 5). Kusintha kwathunthu kwa mzere woyamba wa mano mwa achichepere oyera oyera kumachitika pafupifupi kamodzi miyezi itatu, mwa akulu - kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, i.e. achichepere oweta, nthawi zambiri amasintha mano.
Gill slits amapezeka kumbuyo kwa mutu - asanu mbali iliyonse.
Mtundu wa shaki zoyera zazikulu ndimafanizo osambira nsomba m'mphepete mwa madzi. Mbali yam'mbali imakhala yopepuka, nthawi zambiri yoyera, mbali yakumaso ndi yakuda - imvi, yokhala ndimtambo wabuluu, bulauni kapena wobiriwira. Mtunduwu umathandizira kuti nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zizigwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi ndipo zimalola kuti zisakire nyama zambiri.
Yaikulu komanso minofu anterior dorsal fin ndi awiri pectoral. Mphepo zamkati, zachiphiri ndi ma anal ndizochepa. Zowonjezerazo zimamalizidwa ndi mtengo wawukulu wa caudal, masamba awiri omwe, ngati nsomba zonse za nsomba, ali pafupifupi ofanana.
Mwa zina za mawonekedwe a anatomical, ndikofunikira kudziwa njira yoyendetsera bwino kwambiri shaki zoyera zazikulu, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kutenthetsa minofu, potero mukwaniritsa kusuntha kwapamwamba m'madzi.
Monga shaki zonse, yoyera yayikulu ilibe chikhodzodzo, ndichifukwa chake amayenera kusuntha nthawi zonse kuti asamire. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti shaki sizimva kusokonekera kulikonse. Kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, adachita popanda bubble ndipo samadwala nkomwe.
Makulidwe wamba a shaki yoyera yayikulu ndi 4-5.2 metres ndipo akulemera 700-1000 kg.
Akazi nthawi zambiri amakula kuposa amuna. Shaki yoyera yotalika pafupifupi 8 m ndi kulemera kopitilira 3500 kg.
Dziwani kuti kukula kwakukulu kwa shaki yoyera ndi nkhani yotsutsana kwambiri. Akatswiri ena opanga zinyama, akatswiri azamba, amakhulupirira kuti shaki yayikulu imatha kukula kwambiri - kupitirira 10 komanso 12 metres kutalika.
Kwa zaka makumi angapo, asayansi ambiri amagwira ntchito pa ichthyology, komanso Book of Record, yotchedwa shaki zodziwika bwino kwambiri zomwe zakhala zikugwira anthu awiri: shaki yayitali 10.9 mita, itagwidwa kumadzi aku Australia pafupi ndi Port Fairy mu 1870- x zaka, ndi shaki yoyera yayitali 11.3 m kutalika, agwidwa mumsodzi wazitsamba padamu la New Brunswick (Canada) mu 1930. Mauthenga okhudza kugonjetsedwa kwa toyesa 6.5-7 mita kutalika kunali kofala, koma miyeso yomwe ili pamwambapa idakhalabe yotchuka.
Ofufuza ena amakayikira kulondola kwa kukula kwa nsombazo muzochitika zonse ziwiri. Chomwe chimapangitsa kukayikira ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kukula kwa anthu ojambulira ndi mitundu ina yonse yayikulu yayikulu yoyera yomwe imapezeka ndi miyezo yolondola. Shaki yochokera ku New Brunswick mwina sinakhale yoyera, koma shaki yayikulu, popeza asodzi onse ali ndi thupi lofanana. Popeza mfundo yoti agwire shaki iyi ndi muyeso wake sinalembedwe ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists, koma ndi asodzi, kulakwitsa kotereku kukadachitika. Funso la kukula kwa asodzi ochokera ku Porta Fairy linafotokozedwa bwino m'ma 1970 pomwe katswiri wapa shaki D.I.Reynolds adasanthula chibwano cha nsomba yayikulu yoyera iyi.
Mwa kukula kwa mano ake ndi nsagwada, adapeza kuti shangu ya Porta Fairy inali yoposa mamita 6 kutalika. Zikuwoneka kuti, cholakwika pakuyeza kukula kwa nsombazi chinapangidwa kuti chitheke.
Asayansi adazindikira kukula kwa choyesa chachikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwake komwe kunayezedwa mokhazikika, mita 6.4. Shaki yoyera yayikuluyi idagwidwa m'madzi aku Cuba mu 1945, akuyeza akatswiri pazomwe zalembedwa. Komabe, ngakhale pankhaniyi, panali akatswiri omwe ankati shaki inali yotalikilapo mapazi angapo. Cholemera chosatsimikizika cha shaki iyi yaku Cuba chinali 3270 kg.
Ma cararadon achichepere amadya nsomba zazikulu ngati bony, nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi ndi zolengedwa. Shaki zoyera zomwe zimaphatikizapo nyama zazikulu - zisindikizo, mikango yam'nyanja, nsomba zazikulu, kuphatikizapo asodzi ang'ono, cephalopods ndi nyama zina zam'madzi zopatsa thanzi pakudya kwawo. Osadutsa mitembo ya chinsomba.
Mtundu wowala umawapangitsa kuti asaonekere kwambiri pamiyala ya pansi pamiyala ikasaka nyama.
Kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nsomba zazikuluzonse zimawalola kuthamanga kwambiri pakuwukira, komanso kumathandizanso kuyendetsa ubongo, chifukwa chomwe asodzi oyera nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso posaka.
Ngati tiwonjezera pa ichi thupi lalikulu, nsagwada zamphamvu zamano amphamvu ndi mano, ndiye kuti titha kumvetsetsa kuti nyama yayikulu ndiyabwino kwa asodzi oyera.
Zilakolako za nsomba zoyera kwambiri zimaphatikizapo zisindikizo ndi nyama zina zam'madzi, kuphatikiza ma dolphin ndi anamgumi ang'onoang'ono. Chakudya chamafuta chamagulu chimafunika ndi omwe amadyera kuti azisungabe mphamvu m'thupi. Dongosolo lotenthetsera magazi a minofu minofu yayitali zazikuluzikulu zimafunikira chakudya chamafuta owopsa. Ndipo minofu yofunda imapereka kusunthika kwakukulu kwa thupi la shaki.
Njira za kusaka chinsomba choyera kwambiri cham'madzi ndizosadabwitsa. Poyamba, imangoyenda molunjika m'khola lamadzi, ngati kuti sazindikira nyama yoyandama ikuyandama pamwamba, ndiye kuti, ikafika pafupi ndi womenyedwayo, imasintha modzidzimutsa komwe imayandikira ndikumenya. Nthawi zina nsomba zoyera zazikulu zimadumphira m'madzi kwa mphindi zingapo panthawi yakuukira.
Nthawi zambiri, karharodon sipha chidindacho nthawi yomweyo, koma mwa kumenya kuchokera pansi ndi mutu wake kapena kuluma pang'ono, imuponyera pamwamba pamadzi. Kenako abwerera kwa wovulalayo ndi kudya.
Ngati titenga chidwi ndi chidwi chachikulu cha asodzi oyera azakudya zamafuta momwe muli nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi, ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakuwombera kwa anthu m'madzi kumamveka. Asodzi ndipo makamaka amawombera, akawonedwa kuchokera pansi, modabwitsa amafanana ndi mayendedwe awo monga nyama zazikulu zoyera. Izi zitha kufotokozanso chowonadi chodziwika bwino, kuti, nthawi zambiri, shaki yoyera yayikulu imaluma munthu wosambira ndipo, atazindikira kulakwitsa, amusiya, akukhumudwa ndikuchokapo. Mafupa aumunthu sangayerekezedwe ndi mafuta osindikizidwa.
Mutha kuwonera kanema wonena za shaki yoyera yayikulu ndi njira zake zosakira PANO.
Pali mafunso ambiri komanso zinsinsi zokhudzana ndi kubereka kwa shaki zoyera kwambiri. Palibe amene amayang'ana momwe amakwatirana ndi momwe mkazi amaberekera ana. Shaki zoyera zazikulu ndi nsomba za ovoviviparous, monga asodzi ambiri.
Mimba yaimayi imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 11, pambuyo pake mwana wamwamuna mmodzi kapena awiri amabadwa. Shaki zoyera zazikulu zimadziwika ndi omwe amatchedwa intrauterine cannibalism, pamene asodzi otukuka kwambiri komanso amphamvu akamadya, ngakhale m'mimba mwa amayi, abale ndi abale awo ofooka.
Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala ndi mano ndi chilichonse chofunikira kuti ayambe moyo wogwira ntchito ngati olusa.
Akambuku achinyamata amakula pang'onopang'ono ndikuyamba kutha msinkhu, pafupifupi zaka 12 mpaka 15. Kunali kutsika kochepa kwa asodzi oyera akulu komanso kutha msinkhu kumene komwe kunapangitsa kuchepa kwa pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa anthu odza nyama zam'nyanja.
Great White Shark, kapena Carcharodon carcharias, ndiye mdani wamkulu kwambiri wa asodzi amakono. Mitundu yotsalira yokha ya fuko la Karharodon ndi "kufa kwoyera", komwe kokha kumayenera ulemu. Chamoyo chakuthwa chomwechi chokhala ndi mwayi chimasiyira wina aliyense mwayi. Karharodon amakonda madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe kumatentha kwambiri. Komabe, kwa anthu payekhapayekha, gawo limodzi mwa malo okhala ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ngakhale zingaoneke kuti nyanja iyi imawonedwa ngati imodzi mwazotetezedwa kwambiri pokhudza kuukira kwa shaki anthu. Kodi ndizoyenera kuopa azungu oyera ku Mediterranean ndipo zilombo zam'madzi zimachita bwanji m'madzi ofunda amenewa?
Tiyeni tiwone.
Nyanja ya Mediterranean imalumikizana ndi Atlantic kudutsa Strait of Gibraltar. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi zidziwitso zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa "achizungu" a asodzi oyera akuwonjeza apa. Kubowola kosavomerezeka kwa karharodon, monga gwero la zinthu zokoma - zipsepse, mafuta, chiwindi, komanso mtengo wamtengo wapatali - nsagwada, zapangitsa kuti asodzi oyera ku Mediterranean atsala pang'ono kutha. Izi zitha kubweretsa kusintha kwakukuru m'madzi onse am'madzi, chifukwa mitundu yamtunduwu imachita apolisi omwe ali pansi pa madzi.
Koma, chilengedwe chimasamalira zinyenyeswazi za toothy. Pakadali pano, milandu yosamutsa anthu osamba kuchokera ku Atlantic ayambira pafupipafupi - koma pang'onopang'ono, koma akubwezanso kuchuluka kwawo.
Kodi tiyenera kuwopa kukumana ndi asodzi oyera akulu ku Mediterranean? Zinafika poti munthu sikuti ndiye nyama yolakalaka kwambiri ya carkharodon. Matupi athu ndi owonda kwambiri komanso odana kwambiri ndi nsomba zoyera kwambiri, chifukwa choti nsomba zoyera bwino zimakonda nsomba zam'malo m'malo mwa homo sapiens. M'mbiri yonse, milandu yochepa chabe yaopha anthu okhetsa magazi ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndiyo idalembedwa, ndipo ngakhale adakwiya ndi anthu.
Ambiri omwe amavulala kwambiri ndi asodzi oyera ndi asodzi pamasewera ndi anthu osiyanasiyana omwe amayesa kusambira pafupi kwambiri ndi chilombochi. Ndizosangalatsa kuti chinali "chashaki" chomwe chinalembetsedwa ku Mediterranean - ngati karharodon imagwira munthu, ndiye kuti sanang'ambe, monga zimachitika munyanja zina, koma, atayesanso kuluma ndikuzindikira kuti si chakudya chosangalatsa, chisiyeni ndi kumapita.
Mwina mchitidwe wa asodzi oyera akulu umalumikizidwa ndi chilengedwe, ndipo mwina chifukwa chake ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamadzi am'deralo - pali nsomba zambiri mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kuphatikiza mitundu 45 ya asomba, pafupifupi onsewa ndi mwayi wodya nyama ya carcharodon. Chifukwa chake, atamva kukoma kwachilendo kwa thupi la munthu, karkharodon nthawi zambiri amakana kudya.
Komabe, pali lingaliro la akatswiri kuti shaki yoyera yayikulu ikhoza kutenga njira ya cannibalism, italawa kukoma kwa thupi laumunthu munthawi yanjala. Komabe, zofananazi zitha kunenedwa za zilombo zina zogwira ntchito zochokera ku shark.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zaka zitatu zapitazi zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kukumana kwa carcharodon m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Nthawi zambiri, asodzi onyenga awa samasambira pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amakonda madzi oyera, komabe magombe masiku ano atseka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwoneka kwa asodzi oyera. Chifukwa chake, tchuthi cha m'mphepete mwa Cote d'Azur, gombe la Levantine, hotelo ya Spain, Turkey ndi Montenegro adachotsedwa. Izi sizitanthauza kuti nyanjazo zidawomberedwa ndi zilonda zokhala ndimiyala yoyera, ayi, akungodzigwira asodzi amasambira pafupi ndi gombe pafupi ndi 100 mita. Nthawi zina, nsomba zoyera zazikulu zimangosokonezeka ndi ma dolphin.
Kuopa shark yoyera yayikulu ku Mediterranean kumayambitsidwa ndi mafilimu ambiri onena za shaki zakupha, komanso zochitika zapadera zomwe zimayambitsa kukhudzidwa, komwe kumakhala nkhani yaukatswiri wofalitsa nkhani, nthawi zambiri amafotokozera zochitika ndi mitundu yosatheka.
Chifukwa chake, dziko lonse lapansi lidamva nkhani zodabwitsa zakuphedwa kwa mano a karcharodon wa mkulu wampingo wachipembedzo ku Italy, womwe udachitikira kugombe la Kupro. Komabe, palibe amene ananena kuti mwamunayo adaganiza zoyeserera pa usodzi wamasewera wotchuka tsopano. Poyesa kugwira chinsomba chachikulu chokhala ndodo yosodza, iye anangolowa munyanja, pomwe adalumidwa pakati ndi nsagwada zazikulu. Palibenso anthu ena omwe anamwalira chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa karharodon m'derali.
Nyanja ya Mediterranean si malo asodzi. Palibe asodzi ambiri pano. Komabe, izi sizimapulumutsa shaki yoyera pakusaka anthu. Popeza ndi bizinesi yoyendetsera yomwe imapangidwa, ndiye kuti onse omwe akhudzidwa ndi ngoziyi amakhala kuti apindule ndi tchuthi.
Kukongoletsa kwamiyala yoyera kumaphedwa chifukwa cha zipsepse, nthiti, mano. Ziphuphu ndi chakudya chotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri amagwira nsomba, kudula zipsepse zake ndikulola kuti wosautsayo afe. Kaŵirikaŵiri, asodzi odula amenewo amafa m'nsagwada za anthu amtundu wawo, omwe amapezerera mwayi wawo wosathandiza.
Supu imakonzedwa kuchokera ku zipewa m'malo odyera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, gawo limodzi lomwe limapeza mtengo wa $ 100. Zikwangwani zimapita kukapangira zisa za souvenir, zonyamula ndalama, etc.
Chuma chosiyana ndi mano ndi nsagwada. Osonkhanitsa amapereka mpaka $ 1000 chifukwa cha nsagwada ya karharodon pagombe la Italy.
Great Shark - mbuye wamadzi am'nyanja. Monga momwe zinachitikira, a Mediterranean si malo otchuka kwambiri okhala anthu okhala mu carhadon. Komabe, madzi awa amapangidwa modabwitsa ndi maonekedwe oyera okongola. Mitambo yofatsa, yolusa pang'ono, yakuwedza kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi yosiyana ndi inzake. Kusunga zachilengedwe, nyama zamtunduwu ndizokongoletsa dongosolo lonse lamadzi, ndipo zizingoyendabe m'madzi a Mediterranean kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Ndipo munthu yekha, ndi wadyera komanso wowoneka wankhanza, angathe kuletsa kukhalapo kwa shaki yoyera yayikuluyi, yomwe ndiyofunikira kwa chilengedwe cha mayi.
Pali zowonadi zambiri zotsimikizira zipatso ngati izi za ntchito za anthu poyerekeza ndi mitundu yambiri ya zolengedwa; zonsezi zimawonetsedwa patsamba loyera la International Red Book.
Kafukufuku wovuta wa asayansi awonetsa kuti anthu omwe amapha nsomba, zomwezo zimabweretsa kutsika kwa chakudya cha asodzi, ndipo kusowa kwa chakudya ndicho chifukwa chachikulu chazomwe amachitirana nkhanza kwa osambira komanso owotcha. Kuchulukana kukuchulukirachulukira chifukwa anthu ochulukirachulukira amatseguka kunyanja, osanyalanyaza machenjezo a aboma, ndikulowa m'malo a shaki, zomwe zimatsogolera ndikuwombana ndi nyama. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti 6 mwa 10 akuwombera amakwiya ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo, olimba mtima a scuba osiyanasiyana akuyesera kukhudza shaki. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuukira asodzi omwe amayesera kuti asodza omwe agwira.
Kodi mumatuluka bwanji kumoyo wolimbana ndi chinsomba? Nawa zitsanzo zina kuchokera m'moyo. Shark anaukira Richard Watley pakati pa Juni 2005 ku Alabama. Ali pafupifupi 100 kuchokera kumtunda pomwe adamva kukankha kwamphamvu mu ntchafu. Adazindikira kuti ichi ndi chinsomba, ndikuyesera kuthawa. Pakapita mphindi, shaki idalandira nkhonya yamphamvu m'mphuno - zonse zomwe Richard amatha, adaziponya. Atatumiza chilombo kugogoda, Richard adalimbana ndi mphamvu zake zonse kuti apulumuke. Koma nsombayo idachira mwachangu ndikupitilizabe kuigwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, kuyesayesa kwake konseko kudalira misozi: kuphulika m'mphuno kumatsata wina ndi mzake, kufikira Richard atatha kukwawa kumtunda ndikumveka. Mwa njira, uku kunali kuwukira koyamba kwa shark komwe kumachitika anthu ku Alabama zaka 25 zapitazi.
Ndiye? Wamphamvu mbedza yakamphuno ya shark - yankho lothandiza? Izi zikachitika, munthuyo, adapulumuka, koma nthawi zambiri, kumenyedwa koteroko kumangokwiyitsa shaki, ndiye ngati muona shaki, ndiye kuti mutha kumasuka ndikuyembekezera thandizo.
Inde, pakadali pano, shaki ndi mdani woyamba m'madzi mwa anthu. Koma ndikufuna ndikhulupirire kuti posachedwa munthu adzapanga njira zina pokana kuukira kwa odana ndi magazi amenewa. Ndiye, mwina, kuwopa kwa munthu nsomba izi kudzasokonekera ndipo adzayamika osaka oopsa a dziko lathuli.
Shaki asintha moyenera pazaka zoposa mamiliyoni zapitazo kukhala ndi moyo wamadzi. Amatha kutchedwa nsomba zabwino kwambiri zamitundu yonse yamadzi zomwe zimadziwika ndi munthu. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wopambana, amasowa chinthu chimodzi - kusamalira ana. Pambuyo pobadwa, ana amatsalira azida zawo. Koma mwina ndichifukwa chake nsomba zamphongo zakhala zolengedwa zabwino chotere? Kupatula apo, zimadziwika kuti m'dziko lankhanza lomwe limakhalako, mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri kapena "yovuta kwambiri" imapulumuka. Mdani yekhayo wa shaki wamkulu ndi munthu. Iye, ngakhale samapitilira kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa mano, amatha kuwononga aliyense, ngakhale shaki yayikulu kwambiri, yokhazikika ndi chala chimodzi, mwa kukanikiza batani loyambitsa lida lakufa lotsatira. Ndiye mwina ndi nthawi yoti tileke zolengedwa izi zokha ndikupatsa mbadwa zathu mwayi wodziwa zodabwitsa za asodzi oyera?
Njira zamaukenya shaki yoyera ndizosiyanasiyana. Zonse zimatengera zomwe shaki imaganiza. Zinyama zoopsa izi ndizinyama zodabwitsa. Njira yokhayo yomwe angadziwire chidwi chake ndikuyesa "ndi dzino." Asayansi amati kulumidwa kotereku "kafukufuku." Ndi omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi osefukira akuyandama pamwamba kapena pamtunda, pomwe shaki, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ofooka, amatenga zisindikizo kapena mikango yam'nyanja. Pambuyo pakuwonetsetsa kuti "nyama yamphongo" iyi si chidindo, shaki imatha kutsalira pambuyo pake ngati siili ndi njala kwambiri.
Malinga ndi ziwonetsero zakale, kuyambira anthu 80 mpaka 110 amamenyedwa ndi shaki chaka chilichonse (chiwerengero chonse cha zigawenga zojambulidwa), zomwe 1 mpaka 17 zimaphedwa. Tikayerekezera, anthu amapha shaki pafupifupi 100 miliyoni chaka chilichonse.
Great White Shark: Kufotokozera
Akuluakulu amatha kutalika mpaka 11 metres, ndi zina zambiri, ngakhale ambiri opita mpaka 6 metres ndi masekeli 600 mpaka 3000 amapezeka. Thupi lam'mwambamwamba, komanso mbali zam'mphepete, zimapakidwa utoto wamtundu wamtundu, kupezeka kwa mithunzi ya bulauni kapena yakuda. Gawo lakumunsi lolochedwa loyera.
Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Zochepa ndizodziwika kuti osati kale kwambiri (zochulukirapo) zinali zotheka kukumana ndi zilombo zofananira, kukula kwake kwakotalika pafupifupi 30 mita kutalika. Pafupifupi anthu 8 amatha kukhala mwaulere pakamwa pa shaki iyi, ndipo nsomba izi zinkakhala mu nthawi ya Tertiary.
Akatswiri oyera amakhala ndi moyo wina, pomwe asodzi amatha kupezeka m'madzi otseguka. Izi nsomba zodya nyama zimakhala pafupi ndi madzi, zimakonda malo obiriwira kapena ochepera pazomwe zimapeza. Shaki imakhala ndi mano akuluakulu komanso otambalala, okhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu, okhala ndi zopindika kumapeto kwawo. Pamodzi ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri, shaki yoyera imagwirizana ndi nyama iliyonse popanda mavuto, kupulula mosavuta mbali zake zonse ndi mafupa a wogwidwayo. Ngati mdani uyu akumva njala, ndiye kuti akhoza kuthana ndi chilichonse chosuntha m'madzi.
Maonekedwe a thupi la shaki yoyera ali motere:
- Mutu ndi wokulirapo, wopindika, ndipo kamwa ndi lalikulu mokwanira.
- Mphuno ziwiri, pomwe pali zokumbira zazing'ono, zamadzi zochulukirapo, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza fungo la mdani.
- Mphamvu ya kuponderezana kwa nsagwada imafika 18,000 atsopano.
- Mano amakonzedwa m'mizere 5, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chimafika pazigawo mazana atatu, pomwe akusintha mosalekeza.
- Kunja kwa mutu, gill slits amapezeka. Chiwerengero chawo ndi 5.
- Makoma awiri akulu, komanso maforsal fin, ali ndi mnofu. Tiyeneranso kudziwa za kukhalapo kwa owonjezera, koma abwino, omalizira, komanso a porral ndi anal.
- Ndalama za caudal ndizambiri.
- Nyamayi imakhala ndi njira yoyendera yozungulira yomwe imalola kuti nsombayi izilimbitsa mwachangu minofu yake kuti iwonjezere kuthamanga komanso kuyenda kwa thupi lalikululi.
Mphindi yosangalatsa! Shaki yoyera yayikulu ilibe chikhodzodzo, motero nyama zolusa zimakhala ndi vuto. Kuti asamire pansi, shaki imayenera kuyendayenda nthawi zonse.
Maso a shaki ndi owoneka bwino kwambiri kwakuti amatha kuwona nyama yake mumdima wathunthu. Chiwalo chovutanso chimodzimodzi ndi mzere wa shaki, womwe umatenga zikwangwani zazing'ono kwambiri pamtunda wamamita mazana, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi kusagwirizana pamzere wamadzi. Shaki sikuti amangogwira, komanso amazindikira komwe kunayambitsa chisokonezo.
Komwe kumakhala
Shaki yoyera yayikulu imakhala m'madzi akulu am'nyanja ndipo imapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi, kupatula Nyanja ya Arctic, komanso madera a Australia (kupatula kumwera) ndi South Africa.
Anthu ambiri amagawidwa pagombe la California, komanso mkati mwa chilumba cha Guadeloupe komanso gawo la Mexico. Shaki zoyera kwambiri zimapezeka pagombe la Italiya ndi Croatia, komanso New Zealand. Magulu ochepa awa a akhaki oyera amatetezedwa.
Pafupi ndi chilumba cha Dyer pali anthu ambiri. Apa, asayansi akuchita kafukufuku wawo pamtunduwu. Chiwerengero chambiri cha asodzi oyera amapezekanso:
- Pa gombe la Mauritius.
- Ku gombe la Madagascar.
- M'mphepete mwa Kenya.
- Pafupi ndi Seychelles.
- Pafupi ndi Australia (gombe lakumwera).
- Pafupi ndi New Zealand.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu imakonda zachilengedwe, pomwe kusunthika kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi kusaka chakudya, komanso kusaka malo abwino kuti uberekenso. Chifukwa chake, shaki yoyera yayikulu imatha kupezeka m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, momwe mumapezeka zisindikizo, mikango yam'madzi, zinsomba, komanso nsomba zina zazikulu, kuphatikiza mitundu yaing'ono shaki. Anangumi oyera okha sachita mantha ndi asodzi oyera.
Zochita ndi moyo
Mpaka pano, sizinatheke kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zamakhalidwe ndi mtundu wagulu loyera. Ngakhale izi, asayansi adatha kudziwa kuti machitidwe awo amayimilidwa ndi chiwongolero champhamvu, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kugonana, kukula komanso kukhazikika kwa nyama. Chifukwa chake, zazikazi zimalamulira amuna, pomwe okalamba amalamulira zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono. Mukusaka, chiwonetsero cha zochitika zotsutsana ndizotheka, zomwe zimathetsedwa mwachangu ndi mawonekedwe apadera, ofanana kwambiri ndi miyambo ina. Ngakhale pali mafotokozedwe a maubale mgulu limodzi, koma osati pafupipafupi. Kulimbana konse kumatha ndikuluma pang'ono.
Akambuku oyera, akamafufuza chakudya, nthawi zambiri amakweza mitu yawo pamwamba pamadzi. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi amatha kutulutsa fungo losiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuli kutali kwambiri.
Mfundo yofunika! Kwenikweni, achizungu oyera amapanga magulu a anthu 6. Anthu ambiri amatcha magulu otere "mapake a nkhandwe." Gulu lililonse lili ndi mtsogoleri wake, aliyense amadziwa “malo ake”, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chokhazikitsidwa molingana ndi utsogoleri.
Akatswiri oyera oyera amakhala ndi maluso okonzekera bwino komanso kugunda mwachangu, motero amadzipezera okha chakudya popanda kuchita khama, ngakhale akukhala bwanji.
Zomwe zimadya
Zakudya za achichepere achichepere (omwe amatchedwanso akhaka oyera) zimakhala ndi nsomba zazing'onoting'ono zapakatikati, okhala m'madzi ang'onoang'ono komanso zinthu zina zomwe zikupezeka. Anthu okalamba amadyera moyo wapamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, asodzi oyera akulu amaukira shaki zazing'ono, cephalopods, ndi nyama zina zosangalatsa chidwi ndi shark.
Utoto woteteza khungu la shaki umalola kuti uzisaka kwambiri. Shaki imadzibveka mosavuta pakati pamatanthwe apansi pamadzi ikamatsatira nyama zake. Chosangalatsa chake ndi mphindi yomwe akuukire, popeza mphamvu yake yotenthesa minofu imamupangitsa kuti azitha kuthamanga. Pamodzi ndi luso lake la malingaliro, shaki yoyera imasankha njira zoyenera panthawi ya kusaka.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa! Mbawala yoyera yayikulu ili ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri, zibwano zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zamphamvu, komanso imangokhala mano, motero ilibe zofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa nyanja zam'madzi. Amatha kuthana ndi vuto lililonse, kupatula zochepa.
Zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nyama zamtunduwu ndizisindikizo, ma dolphin, mitundu ing'onoing'ono ya anamgumi ndi nyama zina zapamadzi. Chifukwa cha chakudya chopatsa thanzi, shaki imakhalabe ndi mphamvu. Chakudya choterocho chimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kutenthetsa minofu yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shaki ikhale ndi zambiri zofunikira pakasaka.
Mphamvu zake zamaganizidwe zimakupatsani mwayi woti musankhe, kutengera nyengo zina, luso ndi njira yosaka. Mukasaka ma dolphin, shaki imabisalidwa ndikuwombera kuchokera kumbuyo kuti dolphin ilibe nthawi yopezerapo mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito muluzi.
Kubala ndi kubereka
Shaki zoyera zazikulu zimabadwa ndi njira yodziikira mazira, yomwe imangokhala mtundu wamtundu wa nsomba. Njira yakukula kwa akazi imatenga zaka 12 mpaka 14, pomwe amunawo adayamba kukhwima pang'ono, kwinakwake zaka 10. Kutha msinkhu, komanso kuchepa kwa chonde kumathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa asodzi oyera padziko lonse lapansi.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu, isanabadwe, imawonetsa kuthekera kwake kwakukulu monga wolusa. Yaikazi imabereka shaki zingapo, koma okhawo olimba kwambiri komanso ovuta kwambiri omwe amabadwa, amalola kudya anzawo osalimba m'mimba. Yaikazi imanyamula ana ake kwa miyezi 11. Shaki ikabadwa, nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kusaka zokha. Asayansi akhazikitsa malinga ndi momwe amapangira nsombayo yoyera kwanthaŵi yayitali yomwe 1/3 yokha ya achichepere omwe amakhala ndi moyo mpaka chaka chimodzi.
Adani achilengedwe a shaki yoyera
Chidwi chachikulu chotere sichimakhala ndi adani achilengedwe, koma amatha kumenya nkhondo ndi abale awo akuluakulu, atavulala kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mdani wina wamkulu komanso wosachepera yemwe amakhala m'nyanja zikuluzikulu - uyu ndi nsomba yopha. Mwachilengedwe, anamgumi opha amakhala opambana shaki zodziwika bwino m'malingaliro awo. Kuphatikiza apo, mahava opha amakhala olongosoka kwambiri ndipo amatha kuthana ndi vuto lamtunduwu.
Nsomba za Hedgehog sizimatinso mdani wowopsa kwa shaki yoyera. Ngakhale ndizochepa kwambiri, nsomba za hedgehog nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziphe. Pakakhala ngozi, hedgehog imakulira kukula ndikuyamba kukhala ngati yolimba, koma makamaka mpira wopindika womwe umalowa mkamwa mwa shaki. Shaki ilibe mwayi kuti ichotse kapena kumeza, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa yopweteka.
Shaki yoyera yayikulu komanso munthu
Mbawala yoyera, ngati ili ndi njala, makamaka singakhudze zakudya, chifukwa chake, asodzi am'masewera okonda masewera komanso osadziwa zambiri amakhala ndi vuto laukali. Munthu amachititsanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kuchepetsa chiwerengero chokwanira cha asodzi oyera, kuwasaka kuti apeze zipsepse, nthiti ndi mano omwe amtengo wapatali pamsika wapadziko lonse.
Monga lamulo, nyama yolusa imeneyi imapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi mantha, ngakhale ambiri amayamikira shaki iyi chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake pamoyo wamadzi. Shaki yoyera imapangidwa bwino osati zongodziwa, kununkhira, komanso masomphenya ndi kumva, zomwe anthu ambiri am'madzi amachita.
Masiku ano, anthu amawaganizira kuti ndi osowa kwambiri kukumana ndi shaki yoyera yayikulu kwambiri. Uwu ndi umboni kuti posachedwa shaki yoyera yayikulu ikhoza kutha kwamuyaya.
Shaki yoyera mu ukapolo
Mu Ogasiti 1981, mbiri yapadera idayikidwa kuti asunge shaki yoyera mu ukapolo. Ndili ku sea World aquarium ku San Diego, shaki yoyambayo inakhala masiku 16, pambuyo pake idatulutsidwa munyanja. Kufikira apa, kwa masiku opitilira 11, shaki yoyera sangathe kukhala, atakhala mu ukapolo. Lingaliro la kusunga asodzi oyera mu ukapolo likuwonetsedwa bwino mu filimu ya Steven Spielberg Jaws, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 1983.
Zitachitika izi, malo ambiri okhala m'madzi adayesetsa kukhala ndi asodzi oyera, koma sizinaphule kanthu, chifukwa owononga enawa adamwalira, kapena adayenera kutulutsidwa kuthengo chifukwa amakana kudya. Chifukwa chachilungamo, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti nthawi zina zinali zotheka kusunga shaki zazing'ono zaunyamata mu ukapolo kwa miyezi ingapo. Ngakhale izi, pamapeto pake, shaki idayenera kusiya.
Pomaliza
Si chinsinsi kuti anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi am'nyanja ndi m'madzi am'madzi atha kugwidwa ndi malonda komanso nyama zomwe zingawasangalatse. Kuphatikiza apo, zipsepse za shark ndizodziwika kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri, makamaka ku Asia. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika zakudya zosiyanasiyana m'malesitilanti ndi oyimira mankhwala osayenera. Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti okhala m'madzi awa amawonongedwa, ngakhale njira zachitetezo chifukwa cha phindu.
Ngakhale mbiri yabwino, shaki yoyera yayikulu imatha kuukira munthu ngati ili ndi njala. Izi zimawoneka pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja pongofuna chakudya. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha machitidwe akuchepa kwa chakudya cha Dziko Lonse Lapansi. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke zimadziwika bwino kwa aliyense, chifukwa chachikulu chimadziwika kuti ndi ntchito zachuma cha anthu. sikuti ndikungogulitsa nsomba zamitundu yambiri komanso nyama zina, komanso kuwononga nyanja zam'dziko lapansi, zomwe zimakhudza malo abwino okhala.
Posachedwa, zachilengedwe zatchuka kwambiri, makamaka pagombe la Australia ndi South Africa. Khola lokhala ndi alendo amabwera m'madzi, pomwe akhaki oyera, amakopeka ndi nyambo, amasambira. Iyi ndi njira yoopsa komanso yolakwika yopangira ndalama. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kupezeka kwa munthu ndi nyambo muubongo wa shaki m'madzi kumayanjana ndi zakudya.