Ifrit Cowaldi wokhala ndi mutu wabuluu * Mbalame

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Ifrit Cowaldi wokhala ndi mutu wabuluu (Dzina lachi Latin "Ifrita kowaldi") ndi mbalame yaying'ono yochokera ku banja la a Flutist (Orthonychidae).

Ifrit covaldi ndi mbalame yocheperako. Kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupita masentimita 35, ndipo pafupifupi 30 cm okha. Kulemera kwa thupi pafupifupi 550 - 600 magalamu mwa anthu akuluakulu. Zowonjezerazo ndizowala kwambiri: mutu ndi khosi la ifrita kowaldi adazijambulapo utoto wakuda bii (chifukwa chake mawu oti "mutu wamtambo" amapezeka m'dzina), nthenga ndizalalanje kuyambira pachifuwa mpaka mchira (onse kumbuyo ndi thupi lotsika), mapiko ndi amvi kapena mtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera ambiri. Pamutu - osadziwika owoneka. Mlomo ndiwotalikirapo, wamphamvu, wowerama pang'ono.

Kusiyana kwa mbalameyi kumachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi lake limakhala ndi poizoni wambiri, yemwe amatha kupha nyama yayikulu ngakhale munthu. Kupezeka kwa poizoni ku ifrita kovaldi kudadziwika posachedwa (kuzungulira pakati pa zaka za zana la makumi awiri) ndipo nthawi iyi, asayansi adatha kudziwa momwe zimakhalira ndi nyama komanso anthu. Zinapezeka kuti poizoni wa ifrit amadziunjikira pakhungu lake ndi nthenga. Mbalame ikafika pakamwa pa nyama yolusa, poizoniyu amalowa m'zilonda ndi lilime, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyaka kwambiri komanso kuyamwa. Zikuwonekeratu kuti zitatha izi, nyama yomwe imadya imatsegula pakamwa pake ndikuchotsa nkhomaliro "yopanda".

Koma zochita za poizoni sizimatha pamenepo. Pambuyo pakukwiyitsa mucous membrane wa nyama, malovu amayamba kumasulidwa mwachangu, chomwe nyama imameza. Ikangokhala m'mimba, poizoni amayamwa mwachangu ndikuwononga thupi lonse. Pakangopita mphindi zochepa, nyamayi imamwalira ndi poizoni. Mwachitsanzo, nthumwi yayikulu ya banja laling'onolo (mkango, nyalugwe kapena panther) imafunikira poizoni wochepa kuti itaye moyo pambuyo pamphindi 5-8 pambuyo polowa m'thupi.

Poizoni wa mutu wamtambo wa ifrita kowaldi kapangidwe kake ndi wofanana ndi poyizoni wa achule a mitengo. Asayansi apeza kuti poizoniyo amalowa m'thupi la mbalame ija limodzi ndi chakudya. Pambuyo pogaya chakudya, poizoni timadziunjikira pakhungu ndipo timadzipukuta kudzera m'matumbo ake. Pali lingaliro kuti ifrita kovaldi amadya nsikidzi zapoizoni, zomwe zimagwira ngati gwero lalikulu la poizoni.

Mitambo ya mutu wofiirira ya covaldi imangokhala m'nkhalango zowirira za New Guinea. Mbalame zonse zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango za Guinea zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola komanso mitundu ya nthenga. Kuphatikiza pa utoto wokhala ndi mutu wa buluu, Cowaldi, mbalame ina yapoizoni, mbalame yokokedwa, imakhala m'nkhalango za New Guinea.

Poizoni wa mutu wamutu wamtambo wa ifrita kowaldi ndi wowopsa kwa anthu. Mlingo wocheperako wa poizoni womwe umapezeka pakhungu limayambitsa kutentha kwambiri (chifukwa, kuyaka kwambiri kumakhalabe pakhungu). Ngati poizoni walowa mthupi, ndiye kuti munthu akhoza kudwala ziwalo. Mlingo waukulu wa poizoni umabweretsa kufa mwachangu. Chifukwa choti mbalameyi imangopezeka pachilumba cha New Guinea, siziwona ngati zowopsa kwa anthu. Komabe, anthu okhala pachilumbachi samasaka ifrita kowaldi, yesani kupewa. Ambiri amamuwona ngati wopatulika ndipo amalanga kwambiri kupha kwake.

Kufotokozera kwa ifrit cobaldi

Miniature wokhala ndi matendawa ngati Ifrit cobaldi sapitilira 20cm kutalika, ndipo misa ndi pafupifupi gramu 60.

Zowonjezera za ifrita kowaldi ndizokongola kwambiri: mutu wake ndi khosi ndimtambo wabuluu, ndichifukwa chake umatchedwa "buluu wamutu". Koma amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi kapu wamtambo. Pamutu pali kachitsotso kakang'ono. Mapaundi kuchokera pachifuwa kupita kumchira ndi lalanje. Ndipo mapikowo ndi akuda kapena amvi ndi mitundu yambiri yoyera. Mlomo ndi waukulu mokwanira komanso wautali, mbali yake yam'munsi imawerama pang'ono.

Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi zazikazi pamtundu wamikwendo kuzungulira maso, zazikazi zimakhala zachikasu, ndipo amuna ndi oyera.

Cowaldi wokhala ndi mutu wamtambo wabulawu ndi mbalame zomwe zimateteza nkhalango zotentha ku New Guinea.

Kuopsa kwa ifrit cobaldi

Ngakhale ifrita kowaldi ndi yokongola kwambiri, makamaka ndiwowononga poyizoni wamphamvu, yomwe imakhala yoopsa kwa mdani aliyense, osati kwa adani omwe amafuna kudya mbalame, komanso anthu. Nyama ikamagwira mbalame, poizoniyo imawotcha pakamwa pake, koma izi sizimaletsa mphamvu ya poizoni ndipo imalowa thupi limodzi ndi malovu. Mkati mwake, poizoniyu amawononga ziwalo zonse. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti poizoni wapoizoniyu amapha chilombo chachikulu chotere monga nyalugwe mphindi 10 zokha.

Poizoni amayamba kuchita pompopompo, akumakwiyitsa mucous nembanemba. Ngakhale mutangotenga ifrita kovaldi, mutha kupsa mtima kwambiri. Ndipo ngati poizoni walowa mthupi kudzera mkamwa, ndiye kuti amayambitsa kuwonongeka ndipo amayambitsa vuto la mtima. Ngakhale poizoniyo usamuphe, munthu amalandiranso poizoni, ndipo mbali zina za thupi zimatha kukhala ziwalo.

Yemwe amatenga Ifrit kowaldi, kuli bwino, amayembekeza dzanzi, popeza batrachotoxin yomwe ili m'mizimba ya mbalame imafa.

Moyo wamutu wa buluu wa mtima wamtambo warrita

Mbalame zapoizonizi zimakhala m'nkhalango za New Guinea. Mtundu wa mbalame yowopsa iyi wamtendere. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti poizoni amangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atetezedwe, osati kuti awonongedwe, ndiye kuti amawateteza ku nkhanza kwa ena. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, ifrita kovaldi ya mutu wabuluu imakhala yosavuta kuyigwira.

Zowoneka zamtambo pamutu zimanyamulanso zinthu zoteteza, kudziwitsa adani kuti mwana ayenera kupewedwa. Phunziro lomwe limaphunzitsidwa mwachilengedwe limaphunziridwa osati ndi nyama zokha, komanso ndi anthu, mwachitsanzo, okhala m'deralo samasaka ifrit kowaldi, komanso amalipembedza ngati mbalame yoyera, kuipembedza. Chifukwa choti mbalamezi zimakhala m'malo omwe mulibe anthu ambiri, sizowopsa.

Anthu am'derali adziwa kale mbalame zapoizonizi, ndipo asayansi aphunzira za iwo osati kale kwambiri - kuposa theka la zaka.

Kodi zofukiza za mutu wa buluu za Cowaldi zimachokera kuti? Uwu ndi sumu yomweyo yomwe imapezeka pamtengo woopsa kwambiri wa chule waku South America padziko lapansi. Chilichonse ndichopepuka: poizoni samapangidwa mthupi la mbalameyo payokha, komwe imachokera ndi chakudya - kachilomboka kowopsa, komwe amadya ndi coraldi ifrites. Beetles Choresine pulchra ndiye maziko a chakudya cha mbalamezi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi owopsa pamizere yambiri, koma osati forrita kovaldi, yomwe imatetezedwa ku iyo. Pafupifupi thupi lonse la mbalameyo limadzaza ndi poizoni; limasonkhanitsidwa pakhungu ndi nthenga, ndipo koposa zonse mu chifuwa ndi miyendo.

Mukapatula chakudya cha Ifrit covaldi kachilomboka, ndiye kuti chimakhala mbalame wamba, yopanda poizoni. Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, kuchuluka kwa batrachotoxin mthupi la mbalame kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, kenako nkuzimiririka.

Mbalame za Batrachotoxin zimapezeka pachakudyacho podya nyemba za genres Choresine.

Kuthengo kwadzaza ndi nyimbo zosangalatsa za mbalamezi. Samadyedwa kuti adye, ngakhale poizoni wachotsedwa m'thupi, popeza nyama yawo imakhala ndi zotsatira zosasangalatsa.

Mitundu ina ya mbalame zapoizoni

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti Ifrita Cowaldi si mbalame yokhayo yomwe ili ndi poizoni. Ndi m'modzi yekha mwa mitundu iwiri ya sumu. Mtundu wina womwe umakhala ndi poizoni ndi Pitochu, womwe umapezekanso ku New Guinea.

Ziwiri zonsezi zimawoneka zopanda vuto lililonse: ndizochepa kwambiri, zimakhala ndi maula okongola komanso zimayimba bwino. Koma izi zopanda vuto zimawoneka zokha. Izi zinyenyeswazi zimatha kudzisamalira zokha, osatero mwadala. Ndizodabwitsa kuti zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zinsinsi zingati, ndizosatheka kulingalira zomwe asayansi ena atsopano komanso osadziwika omwe angapezeke m'malo osatheka kufikako.

Ma Aborigine sakudziwa kuti ma orrites ndi otetezeka ngati kachilombo ka poizoniyu sawasakaniza ndi zakudya zawo, chifukwa chake ifrit kowaldi amakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

15.01.2016

Ku New Guinea, kumakhala mbalame yaying'ono, yomwe Aaborijini a komweko amati ndiumulungu ndipo mwanjira yake amakana kuinyamula, osangodya.

Mbalameyi imatchedwa ifrita kowaldi, kapena kuti mutu wa buluu ifrita (Ifrita kowaldi). Ndi a banja la Ifritidae la banja la a Passeriformes.

Ifrites ndi ziwanda zobwezera motere mu nthano za Chiarabu zokhala ndi nyanga, zikhadabo, ziboda za abulu, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale ndi mitu isanu ndi iwiri. Chingwecho chinali ndi dzina chifukwa chakutha kupha nyama zazikuluzikulu mothandizidwa ndi poyizoni.

Lero ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zitatu zapoizoni zomwe zimadziwika ndi sayansi. Ifrita Cowaldi adatchulidwa koyamba ndi katswiri wodziwa zinyama waku Australia Charles Walter de Vis mu 1890 ngati Todopsis kowaldi polemekeza mkulu wa Britain ndi wotolera Charles Charles Cowald yemwe adatumikira ku New Guinea. Patatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, m'magazini ya Britain Bulletin of the Or Orititologist's Club, nkhani yokhudza nkhaniyi idawonekeranso ndi wolemba mabanki komanso katswiri wazamanyama Walter Rothschild. Munkhaniyi, mbalame ija idatchedwa ifrita.

Mbalame ya poizoni

Chozizwitsa chokhala ndi ululuwu ndichopweteka kwambiri ndipo chimatha kutumiza munthu wachikulire kudziko lotsatira kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 10 pamene poizoniyo amalowa mthupi kudzera pakhungu la mucous kapena timing'alu ting'onoting'ono pakhungu. Ndikokwanira kwakanthawi kochepa kukhudza nthenga kapena matako a mbalame yooneka ngati yopanda vuto komanso ziwalo za kupuma kwamphamvu ndikumangidwa kwamtima ndizotsimikizika. Palibe mankhwala.

Ifrit kovaldi satulutsa poizoni. Amakhala wopanda zotsatila zaumoyo wake amadya nsikidzi za poizoni Choresine pulchra kuchokera ku banja Melyridae (Melyridae). Amatulutsa poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri, batrachotoxin, yemwe amgwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amwenye aku South America posaka.

Mbalame ikamasulidwa ku mwayi wakudya kachikumbu kake komwe amakonda, kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'thupi mwake kumayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mowaganizira umatha kupakidwa ndi manja momwe mungafunire. Zowona, kuti chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mankhwala osakanikirana ndi ziwalo zina zathupi zitha.

Kufalitsa

Malo okhala amakhala pa Owen Stanley Mountain Range, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa New Guinea. Mbalame zimakhala moyo wokhala chikhalire m'nkhalango zovuta kufikako pamtunda wa 1460 mpaka 3600 m pamwamba pa nyanja.

Pali ma subspecies awiri. Masanjidwewo amakhala m'mapiri apakati komanso kum'mawa kwa dzikolo, kuphatikizanso Heins Peninsula. Mapulogalamu a Ifrita kowaldi brunnea amafalitsidwa kumadzulo-chapakati kumapiri a Sudirman ndi Weiland.

Khalidwe

Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo komanso zipatso zosapsa pang'ono. Ifrita amapeza chakudya pakati pa nthambi zamitengo kapena masamba. Amatha kukangamira kunthambi pansi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchira monga kutsindika kowonjezereka.

Njira zake zoyendera ndizotikumbutsa zambiri za mbalame kuchokera kubanja la Nuthatch (Sitta). Pakudya, amathanso kulumikizana ndi magulu a mbalame zina zazing'ono.

Kuswana

Mbalamezo zimayamba kupotoza zisa zawo mu Ogasiti. Mu Seputembala, amaziikira mazira, ndipo mu Disembala, anapiye amatuluka. Kutalika kwenikweni kwa makulidwe sikudziwika.

Chidacho ndi chakuya ndipo chimapangidwa ngati mbale yomata ndi linga. Mkati mwake, mulinso mabulosi obiriwira, mizu yaying'ono ndi masamba a fern.

Mwachilengedwe, chisa chimakhala pamitengo yamitengo pamtunda wa 3.6-4 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka. Chikazi chimayikira dzira limodzi loyera lokhala ndi mawanga amaso ndi akuda. Kukula kwa dzira ndi 25,8 x 20,7 mm. Kodi kulima anapiye sikunakhazikitsidwebe.

Kufotokozera

Kutalika kwa mbalame zachikulire kumafika masentimita 16 mpaka 17, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi sikupitirira 34-36 g. Amuna, zodzaza pamthupi ndi mkuwa wakuda, ndipo nthenga zakuda zomwe zili ndi malire wamtambo zimamera pamutu, ndikupanga "chipewa" chamtambo.

Pali malo ena owaza pammero. Mimba ndi mbali zonse zimayatsa maolivi. Mlomo wake ndi wamkuwa ndipo miyendo yake ndi maolivi akuda. Akazi alibe "kapu" ndi maula owonda.

Kukula kwa moyo ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ngati amafrita kowaldi sanakhazikitsidwe mokhulupirika.

KWA ZONSE NDI ZOKHUDZA ALIYENSE

Ndibwino kuti sitikukhala ku New Guinea. Kupatula apo, nkhalango zake zotentha zakhala nyumba ya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana touluka komanso zokwawa, komanso mbalame zapoizoni! Inde, inde, zonsezi zilipo. M'mawonekedwe, awa ndi mbalame ziwiri zazing'ono komanso zokongola kwambiri: pitochu ziwiri (kapena crested) pitochu ndi mutu wamtambo wa butrita kovaldi.

Bicolor pitochu (lat.Pitohui dichrous)

Zipangizo zatsopano zanyama ndi chilengedwe:

Ifrita kowaldi - mbalame yapoizoni

Zosangalatsa - Mbalame

07.09.2012 19:39

Posachedwa, tidalankhula za mbalame yakupha kwambiri padziko lapansi - pafupifupi Pythochus bicolor (Pitohui dichrous). Nkhani ya lero yokhudza mbalame ina, yomwe yapezedwa posachedwa komanso poyizoni, dziwani - Ifrita covaldi (Ifrita kowaldi).

Buluzi wamutu wamtambo wa Ifrita kowaldi (Ifrita kowaldi).

Pali njira zambiri kuti chilengedwe chowolowa manja chidapatsa nyama zamitundu mitundu kuti ziziteteza kwa adani awo amphamvu kwambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi zovulaza. Mwachitsanzo, utoto wa ma ladybird, omwe akuwonetsa kusatheka kwawo. Zimapulumutsanso tizilombo tonse ku mwayi wakukhala chakudya cha ena, ndipo onse omwe akufuna kudya nawo, kuchokera poyizoni ngakhale kufa. Koma m'chilengedwe, njira zamphamvu zachitetezo zimaperekedwanso. Izi, makamaka, zopatsidwa ndi mbalame zazing'ono, ifrit kowaldi (Ifrita kowaldi), zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mndandanda wa nyama zowopsa 50.

Ma sumu a Ifrita Kowaldi (Ifrita kowaldi).

Ifrita kowaldi.

Nyimbozi zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe kulemera kwake sikuposa 60 g, ndipo kutalika kumafika mpaka 20 cm, zimawoneka ngati zopanda cholakwa komanso zopanda chitetezo. M'malo mwake, mbalame iliyonse imakhala ndi poyizoni waziphuphu yemwe amatha kuthana ndi mdani aliyense, kuchokera kwa iwo omwe amafuna kudya omwe amadyera, agalu ndi anthu. Muyenera kunena kuti batrachotoxin - poyizoni yemweyo - amatha kupha tiger pakatha mphindi khumi. Imayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, imapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mucous nembanemba wa khungu. Ngakhale mutangotenga mbalameyo m'manja, mutha kuwotchera kwambiri, ndipo mukalowa malovu m'thupi, batrachotoxin imayipa ndipo imayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka mtima. Ngakhale mulingo woyamwa wa poizoni siwokalamba kuti ubweretse matenda, munthuyo amakumana ndi poyizoni wakhungu kapena ziwalo zina za thupi.

Ifrita kowaldi.

Buluzi wamutu wamtambo wa Ifrita kowaldi (Ifrita kowaldi) amakhala m'nkhalango ku New Guinea ndipo mwamtendere. Kuyeneranso kudziwikanso kuti poizoniyu ali ndi mphamvu yoteteza, kuteteza ku mkwiyo wa ena. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwake kochepako kumasintha kukhala chakudya chosavuta. Chipewa cha buluu pamutu chimathandizanso kuti chiteteze, koma chikuwonetsa kale ena kuti ndibwino kudutsa ifrita kovaldi. Komabe, amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi "zokongoletsa" izi: zazikazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachikaso.

Ifrita kowaldi.

Ifrita kowaldi.

Phunziro lomwe limaperekedwa mwachilengedwe limayamikiridwa osati ndi olusa okha, komanso ndi anthu: nzika zaku New Guinea sizidya mbalameyi kuti zidye, koma m'malo mwake, amazilambira ngati nyama yoyera, kuipembedza. Chifukwa cha izi, komanso mfundo yoti ifrita kovaldi ya mutu wabuluu imakhala m'malo omwe kulibe anthu ambiri, kwa ife sizikhala ndi ngozi yayikulu. Mwa njira, mosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba, asayansi aphunzira za momwe mbalame zing'onozing'ono zaposachedwa kwambiri - zaka 50 zapitazo.

Ifrita kowaldi.

Inde, funso lingabuke: nanga mbalamezi "zimagula kuti" poyizoni wowopsa uyu, yemwe ndi mbalame yachiwiri yoopsa kwambiri komanso yomwe ili ndi poizoni kwambiri padzikoli, yomwe ndi chule ku South America. Yankho lake ndi losavuta: gwero lake ndi chakudya cha ifrita kowaldi, chomwe chimakhala kachilombo ka kachilomboka. Mbalame zomwezonso zimadzitchinjiriza kwa iwo, pomwe zotsalazo zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Chidacho chimakwirira pafupifupi thupi lonse la mbalame, zopangika ndi nthenga ndi khungu, koma chifuwa chake ndi miyendo ndizochokera kolimba.

Poizoni Ifrita kowaldi (Ifrita kowaldi).

Chithunzi chowoneka ngati buluu cha kowaldi chimatha kulandidwa zinthu zake zowopsa: ndikokwanira kuchotsa nsikidzi zomwe zidanenedwa muzakudya. Pakapita kanthawi, kuchuluka kwa batrachotoxin kudzachepa kwambiri, ndipo posachedwa kutha. Komabe, nzika sizikufulumira kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi womwe wapeza, komabe zimakonda kusiya mbalameyi kuti ikakhale m'malo achilengedwe. Nyama yaimayi yokhala ndi mitu yamtambo ilibe kukoma. Awa ndi zovala za nyimbo zomwe zimakondweretsa makutu a Aborigine okhala ndi nyimbo zosangalatsa, zotayika munkhalango.

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