Posankha chiweto, anthu nthawi zambiri amayimilira pafupi ndi maselo nyongolosi. Makoko awa ali ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa. Iwo ndi oyera, osinthika mosavuta, amatha kuphunzitsidwa komanso kuwoneka bwino kwambiri.
Chidwi chawo komanso kukhala ochezeka zimakusangalatsani tsiku ndi tsiku. Kungoyang'ana chithunzi cha gerbil, onse akukayikira lingaliro lakumupeza ngati chiweto chitha.
Mpaka pano, pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya makoswe awa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti m'modzi yekha ndiamene adatha kuwonongedwa. izo Wachilengedwe wachi Mongolia.
Mu chilengedwe, mbewa izi zimakhala m'mabanja. Chifukwa chake, ngati mungaganize zokhala ndi mwana uyu kunyumba, muyenera kutenga anthu angapo. Kukhalapo kamodzi kungasokoneze thanzi lake.
Kukula kwake mbewa zobera zimachitika kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka 20. Zimalemera 15 mpaka 200 gr. Chochititsa chidwi chachikulu ndi mchira. Imakutidwa ndi fluff kutalika konse, ndipo nsongayo imakongoletsedwa ndi burashi. Mtundu wa chovala cha ubweya ndi mchenga.
Mu chithunzichi pali gerbil wamkulu
Koma chifukwa cha kusankha kuswana nyongolosi lero ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'malo achilengedwe, ubweya wa mbewa iyi nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikuda, womwe umathandiza kuti ugwirizane ndi maziko ozungulira.
Chiwerengero cha mano omwe ali ndi gerbil ndi 16. Ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makosweyi imakhala ndi mano osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake ena mano amakhala ndi mizu, pomwe ena alibe mizu.
Chilengedwe chinasamalira kuteteza tinyama tating'onoting'ono iti. Inde, sangathe kuyimirira nyama zolimba, koma amatha kuyembekezera msonkhano wawo.
Mwa izi athandiza masomphenya akuthwa, kumva mwachidwi, kuyankha msanga komanso kuthamanga. Chifukwa cha miyendo yakumbuyo yakutali, "mafinya" awa amatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri.
Nyamayi imakhala m'malo achipululu komanso mapiri. Itha kupezeka ku Africa, Central Asia, India, Iran, Mongolia ndi madera ena a China. Mitundu ya moyo wa kachilomboka imakumananso ndi zilumba zina za Mediterranean mpaka ku Transbaikalia yomwe.
Tizilomboti timakonda madera ake ndi dothi, miyala komanso dothi lamchenga, lomwe mulibe zomera. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha makoswewa ndi ku Turkmenistan, pafupifupi m chikwi chimodzi cha zinyalala zawo zimapezeka pahekitala imodzi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nyumba zokhala ndi makoswe zimamangidwa mwanjira zonyumba, kapena m'malo mwake ndi makina ambiri. Kuzama kwa mink imodzi kumatha kufika mamita 3. Gerbils amakhala m'midzi, kotero mibadwo ingapo motsatira ikhoza kugwira nawo ntchito yomanga nyumba ya mink. Zotsatira za zomangamanga zimatha kukhala zosunthika ndi mayendedwe 300 m.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane nyumba za kunyumba gerbil. Ziweto zoterezi sizokomera mosamalitsa. Ndikwabwino kusankha nyama yaying'ono yopanda phokoso pomwe pali udzu ndi udzu. Makulidwe a izi ayenera kukhala 15-20 cm, kuti mbewa imapeza mwayi wokumba.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi chotchinga cha ku Mongolia
Zodzikongoletsera ndizabwino kwambiri. Ngakhale ndi zopangidwa ndi gerbil ali muukapolo, anali ndi chizolowezi chokoka udzu, udzu ndi chakudya kukhala milu. Chifukwa chake, ngati khola lazunguliridwa, sankhani ndi pallet yayikulu, apo ayi pansi ponse ponse padzamwazikana nyumba. Ndikosayenera kusankha nyamayo m'malo angapo, akagwa, atha kuvulala.
Ziweto zoterezi zimangokhala zochita. Pofuna kuwasangalatsa, ndikupeza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo, ndibwino kuyendetsa gudumu. Sankhani gudumu lopanda zingwe, chifukwa mchira wa gerbil ungagwere pakati pawo pakuthamanga.
Mawilo oterowo amawonedwa ngati owopsa kwa mbewa. Ndikwabwino kuyimitsa chisankho chanu pa matayala apulasitiki kapena zitsulo okhala ndi mauna m'malo mwa maulendo owoloka. Kupeza kwina komwe kungakondweretse chiweto chanu kungakhale mpira woyenda.
Mwa iye nyumba zobetera amatha kuyenda mozungulira zopinga. Panthawi yochotsa ntchito, thupi lonse la "wopezerera anzawo" limakhala pamavuto, kotero nthawi yamatsenga siyenera kupitilira mphindi 20. Ndikofunikira kuti mabatani, zopangira matabwa kapena zopangira matabwa zibwerere m'khola. Amapangitsa kukhala mu cell kukhala kosangalatsa komanso kulemera.
Gerbils sakonda kubisala mumakona. Amakhala akuwoneka nthawi zonse ndipo amakumana mosavuta ndi munthu: amabwera kudzayitanidwa ndipo amatenga chakudya mosamala m'manja.
Mukamagwira kapena kufalitsa ana awa, muyenera kuwatenga ndi mchira, ndikukweza pang'ono mkono wa dzanja lina kuti mulowe m'malo mwake. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musatenge pakati kapena nsonga ya mchira munthawi izi mbewa zobera.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Zakudya za nyongolotsi za mbewa zikuphatikiza: mkate, nyemba, udzu ndi udzu wobiriwira. Kuchokera pamitengo yamitengo amakonda msondodzi, popula ndi linden. Ngati tizingolankhula za chakudya chamasamba, ndiye kuti chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi mbewu za chimanga kapena zamadzi m'madzi. Sadzakana beets, kaloti, zipatso ndi mpendadzuwa.
Zakudya za gerbil kunyumba zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana ndi tchizi tchizi, dzira lophika, mphutsi za ufa, tizilombo touluka. Nyama zazing'ono ndizokonzeka kuyesa zakudya zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale masoseji. Musaiwale za kuchepa kwa mchere. Kunyumba, imatha kukhala choko, mazira kapena glycerophosphate.
Moyo wokhalitsa kwambiri udaphunzitsa kuti majeremusi azikhutira ndi zochepa. Sakufuna madzi. Pa moyo wa mbewa iyi, chinyezi chokwanira chimapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu ndi zipatso. M'malo abwinobwino, nyongolosi zimadya zomera zomwe zitha kufikika. Monga makoswe onse, amadzaza chakudya cha dzinja.
Minga zamakamera, nthambi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yam'chipululu zimakumana mu "mitengo" yawo. Ngati chakudya chimasowa, ndiye kuti majeremusi amasamukira kumadera ena. Pofunafuna chakudya, amakhala m'malo atsopano kapena kusintha malamba a anthu ena kuti azikhala moyo wawo.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
M'mitundu 16 yomwe ilipo, pali mitundu 110 ya majeremusi. Awa ndi mbewa ndipo amapanga nthambi wamba yokhala ndi mbewa zokhala ndi michira yayitali. Zitha kupatukana morphologically ndi mitundu ina yofanana ndi mbewa pogwiritsa ntchito zochuluka. Kafukufuku wama genetic a genetic angapo a mitochondrial ndi DNA ya nyukiliya amatsimikizira kudziyimira pawokha ndipo akuwonetsa kuti ali ndi ubale wapamtima ndi achibale komanso gulu la mlongo wa a Deomiins.
Kanema: Gerbil
M'magulu akale, majeremusi a Old World nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi achibale apafupi kwambiri a Khomyachkov kapena makoswe aku Madagascar ndi ena omwe ali ngati mbewa zaku Africa. Kuyanjana kwambiri ndi mbewa zakale zamtunduwu, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wovuta kwambiri wamano, zakhala chifukwa cha kufanana kwakukulu kwamachitidwe azikongoletso za akorona mu gerbils ndi mwa iwo. Komabe, zimbudzi zakale kwambiri za urine zimakhala ndi ma tubercles ena a mano a m'nsagwada yapansi, omwe poyamba sanali odziwika mu majeremusi.
Majeremusi amakono ali ndi maso akulu ndi maso okongola. Amagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso, zida zamankhwala komanso zozizwitsa pakuwona chilengedwe. Makoko amathandizirana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito ma pheromones posonyeza kubereka komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Amuna a Gerbils akuti ndi eni gawo, akumanunkhira gawo la tiziwalo tawo tambiri tolumikizana. Gerbils sakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa miyezi itatu kapena inayi kuthengo. Amadziwika kuti ali ku ukapolo, anthu ena adatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Kuberekanso ndi Kutalika kwa Moyo wa Gerbil
Nthawi ya kubzala kwa gerbil ndi yayitali. Imayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Wamkazi m'modzi amabweretsa malita asanu pamsika. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ana 4-5. Mimba imatenga masiku 23.
Pa chithunzichi, kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri
Maso ndi makutu a mbewa amatseguka masabata awiri atabadwa. Pambuyo pa masiku 12, adya okha. Ana a Gerbil khalani okhwima pakatha miyezi iwiri. Dera lonse limasamalira ana limodzi, amuna.
Khalidwe la ma gerbil aku Mongolia nthawi yakubzala ndizosangalatsa. Amapanga zigawo, zomwe zimakhala ndi 1 wamwamuna, wamkazi 1-3 ndi ana awo osabereka. Izi zimateteza gawo lawo.
Nthawi zina ndewu zowonetsera zimakonzedwa pakati pa oimira amtunduwu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake simuyenera kukhala mchipinda chimodzi momwemo osayimira 2 a akazi osiyana nawo.
Mwachilengedwe, majeremusi samakhala nthawi yayitali, miyezi 3-4 yokha. Kunyumba, gerbil amatha kukhala ndi zaka 3-4. Moyo wanu wa chiweto chomwe mumakhala nacho chimadalira kusamalira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Kodi gerbil imawoneka bwanji
Gerbils ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono komanso apakati. Kutalika kwawo kumayambira 50 mpaka 200 mm, ndipo michira kuchoka pa 56 mpaka 245 mm. Kulemera kwa munthu aliyense kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 227 magalamu. Ngakhale m'mitundu imodzimodzi, abambo amatha kulemera kuposa zazikazi m'gulu limodzi ndipo amatha kukhala ofanana m'gulu lina. Izi ndi, monga lamulo, nyama zochepera zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali. Amatha kukhala ndi makutu aatali kapena aafupi. Ma gerbil ambiri amakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali ndi ubweya wabwino komanso miyendo yayitali yopapatiza.
Mitundu ya ubweya imasiyanasiyana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo imatha kukhala yofiira, imvi, chikasu, dongo, maolivi, bulauni, lalanje, lalanje, bulauni kapena sinamoni wonyezimira. Thupi lotsika nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zowala zazimaso, zonona kapena zoyera. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mawanga oyera pamutu, makamaka kumbuyo kwa makutu.
Mu gerbils, formula wamano ndi 1/1, 0/0, 0/0, 3/3 = 16, kupatula mtundu wa Desmodilliscus, womwe umakhala ndi ma molars awiri apansi mbali iliyonse. Zoyikamo za enamel pazinthu zoyenga ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makoswe ena. Gerbils ali ndi thoracic 12 ndi ma vertebrae asanu ndi awiri. Akazi amakhala ndi magulu awiri kapena anayi a gland ya mabere. Mimba imakhala ndi chipinda chimodzi chokha. Gerbils amaphatikizidwa ndi mbewa ndi makoswe ndipo ndi am'banja la Muridae.
Kodi nyongoyi imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gerbil ku Russia
Gerbils ndi makoswe a Dziko Lakale. Amagawidwa ku Africa konse ndi Middle East, kudutsa Central Asia, kuphatikiza India, China (kupatula madera akumwera ndi kum'mawa) ndi kum'mawa kwa Mongolia. Madera awo amachokera kuzilumba zingapo kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Ciscaucasia kumpoto chakum'mawa kupita ku Transbaikalia ndi Kazakhstan.
Mitundu ya majeremusi imakhazikika m'magawo atatu akulu:
- m'malo otentha a Africa, komanso ku Namiba ndi Kalahari, komwe nthawi yozizira imatsika pansi pa ziro.
- mu zipululu zotentha ndi zipululu za Africa ndi Middle East, komanso ku Horn of Africa.
- mu zipululu, chipululu komanso mapiri a Asia, pomwe nyengo yozizira imatsika kwambiri pansi pa ziro.
Makamaka obadwira amakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatuwa. Tizilombo tambiri timakhala munkhokwe, tomwe tili ndi masamba ochepa, monga zipululu, mchenga, mapiri, mapiri, mapiri komanso matanthwe. Mitundu ina imakhalanso m'nkhalangozi, minda yaulimi, ndi zigwa.
Madzi nthawi zambiri amatulutsidwa kudzera pakhungu, kupuma, mkodzo komanso ndowe. Majeremusi ambiri amakhala m'malo ovuta komanso otentha ndipo amakhala ndi thupi lopanda kukula molingana ndi voliyumu. Apanga maluso kuti athetse kuchepa kwa madzi ndipo potero amachepetsa zofunika zamadzi. Sizimasesa thukuta ndipo chifukwa chake satha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kuposa 45 ° C kwa maola opitilira awiri.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyongayo imakhala. Tiwone zomwe zimadya.
Kodi nyongolosi imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: mbewa gerbil
Gerbils amadya zambiri pazomera monga mbewu, zipatso, masamba, zimayambira, mizu, ndi ma tubers. Mitundu ya usiku wa majeremusi enieni akuyang'ana mbewu zomwe zimatengedwa ndi mphepo m'chipululu. Indian gerbil ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe umafunikira chakudya chatsopano chaka chonse, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri umakhala pafupi ndi minda yothiriridwa. Komabe, mitundu yambiri imatenga zomwe ingapeze, komanso kudya tizilombo, nkhono, zodzikongoletsera komanso makoswe ena. Makamaka, nyama zomwe zimagombe kwambiri kum'mwera kwa Africa makamaka zimagwira tizilombo, ndipo Wagner gerbil (G. dasyurus) imapanga mapiri okhala ndi zipolopolo zopanda nkhono.
Machitidwe omwe amakonda ma gerbil aphatikiza:
Chakudya chimadyedwa nthawi yomweyo ngati chisamaliro. Mitundu yokhala m'malo ozizira nthawi yosungirako nthawi yayitali imasunga nkhokwe zazikulu nthawi yomanga, imadzaza ndi mainchesi mita 1 Chakudya chambiri chambiri chimasungidwa m'makola awo - nthawi zina mpaka 60 kg. Gerbils ndi ogula oyambilira komanso a sekondale, komanso chakudya cha ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri apamwamba. Amapukutira mbewu zina ndipo mwina amatenganso mbali pofesa mbewu.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Mongolian gerbil
Gerbils ndi anthu mobisa. Mitundu ina imatha kudumpha mpaka mamita 3.5. Mitundu ina imangoyenda ndi miyendo inayi. Omwe amakhala m'matanthwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera bwino. Kwambiri, majeremusi ndi makoswe a tsikulo, koma mitundu ina imakhala ndi usiku, nthawi yamadzulo, kapena mozungulira.
Chosangalatsa: Gerbils amapanga mabowo okhala ndi khomo limodzi ndi chipinda chochezera, kapena makina olumikizana ovuta omwe ali ndi makomo angapo ndi zipinda zothandizira nesting, kusunga chakudya ndi chimbudzi. Gerbils amasamba fumbi kuti zovala zawo zisaoneke bwino.
Mitundu ina ya majeremusi ndi nyama zokhazokha, zankhanza komanso zamtunda, iliyonse yomwe imakhala mugobowo. Mitundu ina imakonda kucheza ndipo imakhala ndi magulu akuluakulu, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala pamtunda wamtali wautali ndi mainchesi awiri kapena atatu. Enanso amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo banja lililonse limateteza gawo lawo. Mwa majeremusi ena pamakhala kulumikizana kwakukulu pamene iwo ali mu chisa. Anawo amasamalirana wina ndi mnzake, kuthamangitsana wina ndi mnzake ndikumasewera komanso kumenya nkhondo ali ndi zaka 18 mpaka 35.
Gerbils amakhala kudera lomwelo, ngakhale achinyamata amatha kudutsa nthawi yosamukasamuka mpaka atakhazikitsa nyumba yokhazikika, ndipo mitundu ina imasamukira nthawi yachilala. Sadzisamalira nyengo yachisanu, koma m'malo ena amakhala ndi dzanzi kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amakhalabe m'makola awo, akudya zakudya zomwe zasungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Awiri majeremusi
Pakukhwima mu mtundu wa akazi, zochulukitsa mapulagi omwe amasokoneza kukwatirana kwotsatira. Mitundu ina ya majeremusi amabala chaka chonse, ndipo ena nyengo. Akazi amitundu yambiri amatha kubweretsa malita angapo pachaka. Ena amakhalanso ndi vuto lodziwitsa pambuyo poti aberekanso pambuyo pake ndikuyamba kuzengereza, ndiye kuti zinyalala zatsopano zimayamba kupangika poyambira kuyamwa. Nthawi zapakati pa mimba, ngati wamkazi samayamwitsa, amakhala kwa milungu itatu kapena inayi.
Kukula kwakuthupi kumayambira pa 1 mpaka 13, ngakhale malita kuyambira 4 mpaka 7 ndi ochulukirapo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timabadwa tili maliseche komanso khungu. Ubweya umayamba kukula pakati pa masiku 8 mpaka 13 atabadwa, ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya pambuyo masiku 13-16. Maso amatseguka pafupifupi masabata awiri kapena atatu atabadwa. Achinyamata amatha kuyenda ndi kudumpha mwachangu mu pafupifupi sabata zitatu. Pakakhala mwezi umodzi, ana a ng'ombe amaletsedwa ndikuyima pawokha. Fikirani kukhwima kwa masabata 10-16.
Chosangalatsa: Amayi amasamalira ana awo ndikunyambita miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kwa ana akhanda kuti awapangitse kuti apange mkodzo ndi ndowe, zomwe zimatha.
Nyongolotsi zazikazi zimasamalira ana awo kufikira atakwanitsa masiku 30. Amadziwika kuti ma gerbils amatha amayi kangapo m'masiku ochepa atabadwa amasamutsa ana awo ku zisa zatsopano, komanso amasintha mabowo pakati pa zinyalala.Akasiyira ana chisa mu chisa kuti apite kukadye, nthawi zina amaphimba ana awo ndi udzu ndi mchenga ndikutchingira khomo la chisa. Zachikazi zimanyamula ana awo, zikungolankhula pakamwa pawo.
Achinyamata akayamba kuyenda kwambiri, azimayi amawagwira ndi michira yawo ndikuwakopa okha, kenako ndikubwerera nawo ku chisa. Amasiya kutenga ana awo akadzakwanitsa masiku 17 mpaka 23. Amayi majeremusi amasamalira zinyalala zawo, mpaka atakhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Amuna amtundu wina amasamalira zinyalala momwemo monga zazikazi.
Adani achilengedwe a majeremusi
Gerbils alibe zilombo zambiri m'malo awo achilengedwe. Zimasakidwa makamaka ndi njoka zosiyanasiyana, zouluka ndi zazinyama zazing'ono, zonse zomwe zimadya kuposa kukula kwake. Kuti awope owukira kuti asalowe m'mabowo, majeremusi ena amasunga khomo ndi mchenga. Zina zimaphatikizaponso kusunthasunthika mmakina awo, momwe amatha kubisala ngati agwidwa kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, majeremusi amakhala ndi ubweya wopanda utoto, womwe umakhala wofiyira ndikuwathandiza kuphatikiza ndi mchenga kapena miyala.
Zinyama zotchuka za gerbil ndi:
Pa majeremusi, mitundu ingapo yamitundu imafalikira, monga:
- xenopsylla cumulus,
- xenopsylla bililis,
- xenopsyllaGHilis.
Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono timakhala ngati tizirombo m'malo awo achilengedwe chifukwa timawononga mbewu, timawononga makhwala ndi kuthilira pakukumba ndi kufalitsa mliri wa bubonic. Chifukwa chake, amawonongedwa ndi anthu m'malo awo achilengedwe. Palinso nkhawa kuti majeremusi akunyumba atha kuthawa ndikupanga nyama zakutchire zomwe zimadzaza mbande zakwawo.
Chosangalatsa: Mukamaukira kachilomboka, chimatha kugwetsa mchira wake ngati buluzi, koma ndodo iyi siimakula mchira watsopano, monga zokwawa.
Gerbils, makamaka mawoko owazungulira, ndi nyama zoyera kwambiri zomwe ndizosavuta kusamalira komanso kuswana mosavuta muukapolo. Pazifukwa izi, makoswewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito maphunziro azachipatala, azamoyo komanso zamaganizidwe. Komanso ndi ziweto zotchuka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Kodi gerbil imawoneka bwanji
Chifukwa cha moyo wapansi panthaka, ndizovuta kudziwa chiwerengero chenicheni cha makoswewa. Mitundu ingapo ya majeremusi ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa anthu m'malo awo. Nyama zambiri zimakhala m'malo okhala anthu ambiri, zina zimawonedwa ngati tizirombo chifukwa zimawononga mbewu zaulimi, kuwonjezera pamenepo zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito yawo ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga. Chifukwa chake, alimi amalimbana ndi poyizoni wa gasi kapena kulima makina awo omanga.
Monga utoto wambiri, majeremusi amafalitsa matenda monga mliri ndipo amanyamula leishmaniasis yoopsa. Mitengo yayikulu kwambiri ya matenda opatsirana ndi leishmaniasis imawonedwa mu kugwa. Gerbils, omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka L. kokha, anali 5.8%, ndi Leishmania turanica - 23.1%. Matenda osakanikirana achilengedwe adawonedwa ndimakolo ndi L. zazikulu ndi L. turanica (21.2%). Mosiyana ndi nyama, nyama yotsekemera imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri m'malo ena. Mitundu yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ngati nyama zoyesera mu labotale, pomwe ena adasanduka ziweto zomwe amakonda kwambiri zomwe moyo wawo ukadawoneka wosasangalatsa.
Zomwe zimatchuka ndi majeremusi monga ziweto zimaphatikizira:
- nyama sizikhala zankhanza
- samakonda kuluma popanda kukwiyitsa kapena kupsinjika
- ndi yaying'ono komanso yosavuta kusamalira,
- zolengedwa zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimakonda kucheza ndi anthu komanso majeremusi ena.
Gerbils anasintha impso zawo kuti zipange zinyalala zochepa kuti zizisungitsa madzi amthupi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyera kwambiri komanso osanunkhira bwino. Ku Russia, mamembala angapo a majeremusi ang'ono amakhala kuthengo, kuphatikiza ndi masana gerbil (M. meridianus). Pazonse, pali mitundu ya 110 ya majeremusi a genera 14.
Kusamalira Gerbil
Chithunzi: Gerbil kuchokera ku Red Book
Pakadali pano mitundu 35 ya majeremusi aphatikizidwa mu Red Book monga mitundu yowopsezedwa. Pali mtundu umodzi (Meriones chengi) womwe uli m'malo ovuta kwambiri ndipo umawopsezedwa kuti utheretu. Komanso mitundu inayi yomwe ili pangozi yomwe ili pangozi m'chilengedwe (M. arimalius, M. dahli, M. sakramenti, M. zarudnyi).
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu iwiri yosavomerezeka (pygmy gerbils hesperinus ndi andersoni allenbyi), mtundu umodzi womwe uli pafupi ndi mitundu yowopsa (pygmy gerbil hoogstraali), mtundu umodzi uli pachiwopsezo chocheperako (pygmy gerbils poecilops), ndi mitundu 26 yomwe ilibe deta. Kafukufuku wa sayansi amafunikira kuti adziwe mtundu wa mitundu ya mitundu yomwe imadziwika pang'ono.
Chosangalatsa: Chiwerengero chenicheni cha mitunduyi sichikudziwika kwenikweni. Kusiyana kowoneka pakubala kwa ana nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mzere wabwino kwambiri ndikuwoneka mu utoto wa chovalacho ndi zikhadabo, kutalika kwa mchira kapena kusapezeka kapena kukhalapo kwa burashi wam mchira. Ngakhale kunena kuti mtundu ndi mtundu wamtundu wina nthawi zina sikungatheke popanda chromosomal, mapuloteni, kapena kafukufuku wa maselo.
Gerbils zamitundu yosiyanasiyana amagulitsidwa paliponse m'masitolo a ziweto masiku ano, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuswana kwazaka zambiri. Mitundu yoposa 20 ya ubweya uli mu gerbil ya ku Mongolia, yomwe idakulidwa mu ukapolo motalika kuposa mitundu ina. Posachedwa, mtundu wina wa gerbil wayambitsidwa mu malonda aziweto: gerbil wakuda.
Ndi yaying'ono kuposa ma gerbil aku Mongolia, ndipo imakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali yofewa ndi mchira wamfupi wakuda, womwe umakhala ngati hamster. Malo oyera pafupi ndi makutu sanapezeke mu gerbil yokha ya ku Mongolia, komanso ku gerbil. Kusintha kwokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso mawanga oyera nawonso adawonekera mumtunduwo - wa ku Africa nyongolosiamene amakhala mchira oyera oyera.
Makhalidwe ndi Kufotokozera
Lingaliro lodzala majeremusi anapezeka m'zaka zapitazi. Zinadziwika kuti - makenthedwe amatha kusinthana ndi nyumbayo. Izi zimakopa makamaka okonda mtundu wamtunduwu, omwe pambuyo pake adatha kutulutsa mbewa za mitundu ina kupatula mchenga wachilengedwe.
Tsopano mutha kupeza makoswe a imvi, ofiira owala, oyera ndi akuda. Izi zikuwonjezera kukopa anthu.
Popeza sizovuta kulingalira, nyamayi imakonda malo opondera ndi chipululu. Chifukwa chake, kuyankha funso "Kodi majeremusi amakhala kuti," munthu akhoza kuyankha molimba mtima - m'malo omwe kuli kotentha komanso kotentha, pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Mafotokozedwe ambiri
Makoswe ang'onoang'ono omwe amawoneka ngati makoswe. Kutalika kwa thupi kumayambira 5 mpaka 20 cm, mchirawo umachokera ku 5,6 mpaka 24 cm.Ukulemera kumayambira pa 10 mpaka 227 g.Digorphism ya kugonana imawonetsedwa mosiyana ngakhale muzinthu zingapo zamitundu yomweyo. Mchira wake (umagwa ngati ugwidwa ndi chilombo, koma osakula) umakhala wautali, nthawi zambiri umatha, umakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali kumapeto lomwe limatha kupanga burashi. Chizindikiro chidalunjika kapena chosamveka. Maso ndi akulu, ma convex, auricles amawoneka bwino. Mtundu wa thupi lakumwamba ndi wosalala, wowoneka bwino, wamchenga kapena wonyezimira, pansi ndi wopepuka. Pakhoza kukhala malo owoneka bwino pamutu, kumbuyo kwa makutu komanso kuzungulira maso. Mano a mitundu yambiri 16. Mano a Molar nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mizu, nthawi zambiri opanda mizu, omwe amakula nthawi zonse. Akazi amakhala ndi ma pawiri atatu a nipples. Chiwerengero cha ma chromosomes mu diploid choikika chimasiyana 18 mpaka 74.
Gerbils adayamba kukhala m'malo owuma komanso ouma a Old World, chifukwa chake amadziwika ndi "machenjezo oyambira" - ziwalo zamawonedwe ndi makutu. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayitali chifukwa cha zigawo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zimatsimikizira chizolowezi cha majeremusi kuyenda miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, koma chidwi chawo sichimafika pamlingo womwe umakonda mayendedwe a jerboas.
Pakadali pano, ambiri amayambitsa nyamazi kunyumba, popeza amazisenda bwino.
Zindikirani!
Pamodzi ndi mchira, kukula kwa gerbil kumafika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mchira wa ubweya, womwe si mitundu yonse ya mbewa ulibe.
Moyo
Kugawidwa kumapiri kwamapululu, zipululu ndi Africa komanso Asia, kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Ciscaucasia ndi zilumba zina zakumwera chakummaŵa kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean kupita ku Kazakhstan ndi Transbaikalia. Mitunduyo imakhala kumpoto kwa Africa, Near East ndi Asia Minor, India, Mongolia ndi China (kupatula madera akumwera ndi akum'mawa).
Amakhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, wokonda kupangika madera. Njira ya moyo ndi yapadziko lapansi, mitundu ina imatha kudumpha miyendo yawo yakutsogolo mpaka 3.5m. Mochulukitsa kwambiri, amadya nthangala ndi malo a mbewu, amapangira nkhokwe m'makola (mpaka 60 makilogalamu). Zomera zopweteka zomwe zimalimbitsa mchenga. Zochita zimachitika chaka chonse, nthawi yozizira imachepetsedwa. Samagwera m'matumba, koma nyengo yozizira nthawi zina imathagwa.
M'chaka, majeremusi achikazi amabweretsa kuchokera ku malita 1 mpaka 13 (avareji ya 4-7). Mitundu yambiri imadziwika ndi estrus yoberekera komanso kuchedwa kukukula, pomwe mkaka umapitilira mwa mkazi. Mimba imatenga masabata 3-4. Pali zinyalala 5-6, zopanda maliseche mu zinyalala. Ali ndi zaka 30, amayamba kudziyimira pawokha atatha milungu 10-16 ya moyo. Chiyembekezo chamoyo m'chilengedwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala zaka 3-4.
Zosiyanasiyana
Pakadali pano, asayansi awerengera mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya chilombochi. Zonsezi ndizosiyanasiyana kukula ndi mthunzi wa ubweya. Omwe akuyimira kwambiri ndi Balochistan, omwe kukula kwake sikupitirira masentimita asanu ndi awiri. Mutha kukumana naye kum'mwera kwa Europe.
Virigil wa Cheesman ali ndi maso akulu akulu. Amadziwika kwambiri pamutu wocheperapo. Anthu ambiri amakopeka ndi mbewa ya ku Perisiya, yomwe ili ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso burashi kumchira.
Payokha, ndikoyenera kutchulanso gerbil yakuMongolia, popeza ndizofala kwambiri pakukonza pakhomo. Ili ndi miyeso yosangalatsa - kutalika kwa masentimita 20, ndi kulemera - osapitirira 150 magalamu. Palinso ngayaye wokongola pamchira. Kuchokera kwa dzinali kumamveka komwe paphiri limakhala.
Kusamalira pakhomo
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muzidziwitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muzikhala pang'onopang'ono ndikuwunika momwe zingathekere. Choyamba, khungu liyenera kukhala lalikulu kukula komanso kukhala ndi chitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, simungathe kuyiyika pansi pa dzuwa lowotcha kapena pokonza. Ziwetozo zizikhala ndi ngodya ya mthunzi nthawi zonse.
Kusowa kwa fungo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri mukafuna kusankha kanyama kakang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kusambira m'madzi, izi makoko sizingatheke.
Kusintha kwadongosolo ndi chilengedwe
Pali mitundu 110 ya majeremusi omwe ali amtundu 14:
Ku Russia, kuli nthumwi za mtundu wa tiziromboti tating'ono (Meriones), kuphatikizapo masana gerbil (Meriones meridianus).
Mitundu yambiri ya majeremusi ndizosungira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tachilengedwe totengera matenda a anthu ndi nyama (mliri, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis), komanso magawo otsogola a chipululu ndi ma biocenoses apakati. Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono ndi tizirombo toyambitsa. Wokhala mu ukapolo ngati nyama zapakhomo ndi zantchito, the gerbil yachilengedwe ndi yofala kwambiriMeriones unguiculatus).
Mndandanda wa International Red Book unalemba mitundu 35 ya majeremusi. Mwa iwo, mtundu umodzi uli wovuta kwambiri (Meriones chengi), Mitundu 4 ya nyongolosi zazing'ono zimadziwika kuti zatha (pangozi):
- Meriones arimalius,
- Meriones dahli,
- Meriones sakramenti,
- Meriones zarudnyi.
Kodi chimadya chiyani?
Monga zakudya zazikulu, zitsamba ndi mbewu zimagwira. Ndizovomerezeka kuyika mbale yaying'ono yakumwa, ngakhale nyamayo imalandira chinyezi kuchokera ku msipu.
Ngati simukufuna kuvutitsa ndi chakudya, kugula zama feed apaderadera ndikoyenera. Onetsetsani kuti mulibe mtedza ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa m'zakudya - chifukwa cha mafuta awo, sizigwirizana ndi majeremusi.
Mwa zina, kusiyanitsa zakudya za chiweto chanu ndi zipatso kapena masamba - zofunikira kwambiri ndikupatula zipatso. Masamba atsopano ndi abwino.
Utali wamoyo
Muyenera kudziwa musanagule kuchuluka kwa majeremusi omwe amakhala. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale akuonetsetsa chisamaliro chokhazikika, pentala wamba amakhala zaka pafupifupi zitatu.
Opambana azaka zinayi ndi osowa. M'chaka chatha, ziweto zimayamba kukhala zowopsa, komanso matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kusowa kudya.
Khalidwe la Gerbil kunyumba
Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti ndi ziweto zabwino. Amalumikizana bwino ndi eni ake komanso amakonda kusewera. Popeza poyamba samawopa anthu, zidzakhala zosavuta kwambiri kuti atseke khanda lotere. Ndikokwanira kumupatsa chithandizo chilichonse ndipo chiwetocho chimakhala bwenzi lanu.
Popeza ndaganiza zomupeza ngati chiweto, palibe chifukwa chodandaulira kuti nyamazo zimadzuka usiku. Chifukwa chake amapanga phokoso lalikulu. Ndikufuna kunena kuti monga woweta mbewe imeneyi, sindimakumana ndi vuto lotere.
Patatha tsiku limodzi atawonekera mnyumba mwanga, kutonthola kwa usiku sikunawonongeke ndi chilichonse. Mukungoyenera kuyika nyumba ya chiweto kumene kuunika sikupezeka. Itha kukhala ngodya yamdima uliwonse, koma osati sill windo kapena malo pafupi naye. Popeza kuwalako kwa nyali zapamsewu kumathandizira mbewa yake.
Ngati mphaka akukhala mnyumbamo, onetsetsani kuti mwana wangayo sakudya chakudya chamadzulo.
Nyumba ya Myshkin
Tsopano ndikuuzeni za zomwe gerbil. Monga nyumba, malo otambalala am'madzi ndiabwino kwa iye. Selo ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito. Popeza, kuyamba kukulitsa mano ake, nyamayo imanyamulidwanso, ndipo ikumauma mosavuta zitsulo zachitsulo.
Aquarium iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro chowongolera, apo ayi mbewa imatulukira. Ndipo pamenepo, mipando yanu, zithunzi zam'manja, ndi zingwe zingathe kukulitsa mano anu.
Ndikufuna kunena kuti kuwonjezera pa nyumba yakeyokha, woweta amafunikiranso zida zake. Ikhoza kukhala mipira yamasewera ndi zosangalatsa zina. Onetsetsani kuti mwayika dziwe laling'ono mu aquarium. Osati ndi madzi, koma ndi mchenga. Wopanga wanu watsopano amafunika mchenga kuti apume. Ndipo ndi thandizo lake amatsuka thonje labwino kwambiri la soya.
Samalirani malo ogona khanda. Ikani masamba owuma, udzu kapena zopukutira m'nyumba mwake. Mbewa yaying'ono imadzipangira bedi.
Kodi mukufuna kuyenda
Simungathe kusunga mbewa mnyumba mwake. Masulani nyamayo nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muziyenda. Koma sungathe kumuyang'ana. Mwadzidzidzi kachilombo akaganiza zobisala kwa inu, musachite mantha. Amachoka kunyumba atangomva chithandizo.
Kuyenda kwakunja sikufunika pa gerbil. Muloleni adzigwetse, akuyenda mtunda wautali kuzungulira nyumba yanu.
Zodyetsa
Ponena za kudyetsa, zonse ndizosavuta apa. Jeremusi amadya udzu wobiriwira, tirigu wophukira, maapulo, kaloti ndi masamba ena ndi zipatso mosangalala. Adzavomera zipatso kapena mpendadzuwa. Idzayamikiranso chifukwa cha dzombe kapena mphutsi. Ndi zokoma zisangalalo pamwamba kanyumba tchizi.
Chofunika koposa, yesani kuletsa chakudya patebulo lanu. Zachidziwikire, gerbil sangakane. Koma soseji kapena soseji zakudya sizachilendo kwa iye ndipo zimatha kupereka chilimbikitso ku matendawa.
Tsopano, ndinena mawu ochepa osamalira chisamaliro chanyumba. Mutha kuphimba pansi pa nyumba ya mbewa ndi udzu, utuchi, zopukutira kapena pepala. Mutha kugula filimu yapadera ya makoswe. Nyongolosiyo angakonde chilichonse.
Popeza mbewa imabowola mkodzo wocheperako, palibe chifukwa chosinthira chojambulira nthawi zambiri. Izi zitha kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata. Koma simuyenera kuwonjezera nthawi yoyeretsa. Muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pansi mu aquarium pouma. Popeza mtundu wamtunduwu wa mbewa suleketsa kuchepa.
Ndipo ndikufunanso kudziwa nthawi yomwe malo ena amapatsidwa kachilombo ka chimbudzi. Ndipo m'moyo wake wonse apita kumeneko.
Gologolo wa mchenga sakonda kunyowa. Khazikitsani nyumba yake nthawi zonse.
Monga ndidanenera, kuletsa kachiromboka sikuoneka. Mopanda mantha ndi anthu, iye amafuna kupeza anthu ocheza nawo.Ingomupatsirani zabwino ndipo ubwenzi wanu umalimba nthawi iliyonse.
Matenda A Sand squirrel
Popeza gerbil ndi cholengedwa, imathanso kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:
- Matenda owopsa a Tizzer, owonetsedwa ndi chiwindi necrosis - enteritis . Chimodzi mwazizindikiro za matendawa ndi kudzikundikira kwa madzi am'mimbamo. Chifukwa cha iye, nyamayo imakula kukula. Matendawa amakula msanga ndipo amafa. Amayi oyembekezera komanso kukula kwachichepere amatenga kachiromboka. Chakudya chodwala chimayambitsa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, chakudya cha ziweto chizichitika mosamala,
- matenda enanso ndi khunyu . Imadziwonekera mwa njira yolanda miyendo ndipo imangopatsira kokha cholowa. Kuchiza pamenepa
- ndipo chomeracho adzivulaze . Ndikudziwa milandu pomwe mbewa idataya mchira wake. Chifukwa chake, kusamalira bwino chisamaliro ndi chiweto.
Ndibwino kuti ndiyambe
Kupanga kapena osati gologolo wamchenga kunyumba, zoona, ndi ntchito ya aliyense. Koma ndingapangire kwambiri mbewa iyi ngati chiweto. Nyongolotsi, ngakhale yayikulu, ikhoza kukhala bwenzi labwino kwa inu. Mwanjira ya chiweto, nyama ndi yabwino. Chokhacho, chonde samalani mwatsatanetsatane.
Mukamagula, onetsetsani kuti mufunsa ogulitsa zamapepala paentent
Pali mwayi wogula mbewa kuthengo. Ndipo izi zitha kukhala zowononga banja lanu. Chifukwa agologolo amchenga wamtchire amakhala ndi mliri ndi tularemia.
Popeza mutakhala ndi nyama yotereyi, musaiwale nthawi ndi nthawi kusangalatsa bwenzi lanu latsopanoli. Mumubweretsere mphatso zazing'ono ngati nthambi zazing'ono kapena mfundo. Adzawakwirira ndi chisangalalo. Ndipo nyama ikakhala ndi zikumbutso zambiri, sizichedwa kuvuta kuti akamayenda mozungulira nyumbayo amadya chakudya chamtengo wapatali.
Gerbils (Gerbillinae) - gulu lapadera la makoswe omwe amawoneka ofanana. Banja limakhala ndi 13-16 genera ndi mitundu pafupifupi 80, yomwe ili m'magulu awiri. Mtundu uliwonse, kusiyana kwake ndi kocheperako, ndipo, monga lamulo, kumawonekera mu mawonekedwe amtundu, kutalika kwa mchira ndi ngayaye pa iye. Chifukwa chake, sizikudziwika kuti ndi mitundu ingati ya majeremusi yomwe ilipo. Mwa onse oimira banja lalikulu, odziwika kwambiri ndi gerbil. Ichi ndi nyama yokongola yokhala ndi maso akulu akuda, pamimba yoyera komanso mchira wofiyira wokhala ndi kaso kumapeto. Ndi nyongolotsi yoluka (Yacimongolia) yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ngati chiweto. Mutha kuwerengera zomwe zili majeremusi kunyumba. M'nkhani yomweyi, tikambirana za moyo wa majeremusi m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Kukhazikika kwa majeremusi kumakhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa Asia kuchokera ku Arabia Arabia kupita ku Hindustan ndi ku Sri Lanka, Central ndi Central Asia. Nyama zambiri zimakhala m'malo okhala kwambiri - zipululu komanso zipululu. Zina zimapezeka pakati pa nkhalango za xerophytic savannah. Mapiri amatha kukwera mpaka 3000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja.
Kufotokozera, moyo wa gerbil
Gerbils ndi nyama zazing'ono, kutalika kwa thupi kutengera mtunduwo ndi kuyambira 6-7 (gerbil gerbil) mpaka 18-21 cm (Indian gerbil), mchira - kuchokera 7 mpaka 20 cm. Wotseka miyendo yakumbuyo yayitali kuposa kutsogolo. Mchira umakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa thupi, limapindika bwino, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi burashi wa tsitsi lalitali kumapeto. Maso ndi akulu, amakhala pamutu, zomwe zimawonjezera mawonekedwe. Makutu ndi ang'ono, mwa mitundu ina ngakhale yaying'ono kuposa mbewa.
Khutu lokwera pakati ndilofunika. Izi zimawonjezera chidwi cha nyamayi kukhala yotsika-kanthawi, mwachitsanzo, mpaka kumapeto kwa mapiko a kadzidzi.
Mawonekedwe amchenga kapena a bulauni amakhala ndi mtundu wa kumbuyo, m'mimba ndi opepuka, oyera kapena achikasu. Utoto wa chovala mu majeremusi ndi amtundu womwewo, koma kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana, amatha kusiyanasiyana. Nyama zomwe zimakhala pagulu lamdothi lakuda nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira, komanso pamchenga wachikasu - ofiira. Kungokhala tchire chakuda kumchira pena pake komwe kumaphwanya mtundu wa chigoba. Komabe, izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri: burashi limagwira ntchito ya siginolo, limatenga nawo gawo pazoyankhulana.
Tizilombo tambiri timakhala m'chipululu, komwe kumakhalako kutentha kwa kutentha kwa madigiri 50. Chifukwa chake, nyama zimayenera kukhala ndi moyo wosakhalitsa, koma masana zimabisala kutentha komwe kumabisala mobisa, nthawi zambiri kumatula zolowera. M'dzenje, pakuya kwa theka la mita, kutentha sikupita 20-25 ° C. Kokha mwa zipululu zakumpoto, majeremusi ena amagwira masana.
Kodi majeremusi amadya chiyani?
Udindo wawukulu pazakudya za majeremusi amaseweredwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu - masamba, mbewu, zipatso, mizu ndi mbewu za muzu. Koma mitundu yambiri imadyanso chakudya chilichonse chomwe chilipo: tizilombo, abuluzi, nkhono, ngakhale makoswe ang'onoang'ono. M'madera achipululu, mbewu zouma ndi zitsamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala chakudya chokha. Gerbils yemwe amakhala kumadera louma la South Africa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ina imakonda mtundu wina wa chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, gerbil masana imatha kupezeka pomwe ma sapulents omwe amakhala ndi msuzi wa brackish amakula. Indian gerbil chaka chonse chimadalira wobiriwira watsopano ndikukhazikika mumayikidwe othirira. Majeremusi a Wagner amakonda kwambiri nkhono, ndipo mabowo awo nthawi zambiri amatha kuwona zipolopolo zopanda kanthu.
Usiku, mbewu zikafundidwa ndi chinyontho, nyamazo zimazitenga ndi kuzikokera m'maenje awo kuti zisunge madzi ofunika. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timapanga timapukutira timakumwa timadzimadzi tochepa tambiri, ndipo impso zimabowola m'malovu a mkodzo wokhazikika.
Gerbils yemwe amakhala m'madera ozizira kwambiri amasunga chakudya nthawi yachisanu. M'mitundu ina, zinthu zofunikira zimatha kufika 20 kilogalamu!
Ubwenzi wabanja
Zofukizika zokhala m'zipululu nthawi zambiri zimakhala moyo wawo wokha, komabe, mabowo awo ovuta amakhala pafupi kwambiri mpaka kufanana. Popeza m'chipululu malo omwe zakudya zimasowa, nyama iliyonse imangodya yokha. Mitundu yomwe imakhala komwe kumapezeka zakudya zambiri ndizabwino. Amakhala m'magulu awiriawiri ndipo nthawi zina amakhala mabanja. Mitundu monga The Big gerbil, Wocheperako gerbil, Day gerbil, Prezhevalsky gerbil, Fluffy tailed gerbil imapanga zigawo zochulukirapo ndi njira yayikulu yolumikizirana mabowo momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kutentha ndi kusunga chakudya.
Nthawi yoswana m'mazilombo ambiri imalumikizidwa ndi nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa sevannah amaswana kumapeto kwa mvula. Nyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo amenewo momwe zimakhalira chakudya chochuluka, zimabweretsa nkhupakupa ziwiri chaka chonse. Makoswe a chipululu amaswana mu miyezi yozizira, koma majeremusi ochokera ku South Africa amatha kubereka chaka chonse.
Mimba imatenga masiku 21-28. Chiwerengero cha ana mu zinyalala zamitundu mitundu chimasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 12, pafupifupi ana 3-5 amabadwa. Amabadwa osathandiza, amaliseche, akhungu ndipo sangathe kusunga kutentha kwa thupi. Kwa milungu iwiri, makanda amadalira kwathunthu chisamaliro chokhazikika cha amayi. Ana akamabadwa kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya kubzala, amatha kufikira nthawi yakutha ndipo amatha nawo kale zaka ziwiri zokha. Atabadwa pambuyo pake, amakula ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikuyamba kubereka nyengo yotsatira.
Mbiri yakunyongedwa kwa nyongolosi
Kwa zaka pafupifupi 50, majeremusi amakhala limodzi ndi anthu
Kuyesa koyamba kufalikira kwa majeremusi kunachitika mu 30s ya zaka zapitazi. Zinaonekeratu kuti makataniwa amatha kusintha ukapolo. Mtundu wawo nthawi imeneyo anali womwewo - mtundu wa mchenga unkaloledwa kubisala kwa adani.
Patatha zaka pafupifupi 30, kugundidwa kwachiwiri kwa mbewa kunayamba. Kusazindikira, kusanunkhiza komanso chikhalidwe chosangalatsa kukopa okonda makoswe apakhomo. Mu 1969, chionetsero choyamba chamayiko padziko lonse, chomwe chinayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yachilengedwe. Chiwonetserochi chitangochitika, akatswiri adayamba kuphunzira zamtundu zomwe zimayambitsa utoto. Mowolowa manja zinali zotheka kutulutsa anthu amvi, ofiira owala, oyera, akuda komanso owoneka.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotereyi inapangitsa kuti nyamayi ikhale yotchuka kwambiri. Anayamba kulemba za iwo m'magazini apadera ngati mtundu watsopano wa ziweto. Pambuyo kanthawi kochepa, kale mu Meyi 1969, "National Club of Lovers of Gerbils" adalinganizidwa. Tsiku limeneli limawoneka ngati chiyambi cha moyo wa nyama zodabwitsa komanso zosafunsazi pafupi ndi anthu.
Mitundu ndi mafotokozedwe ake
Gerbils adalandira dzina lawo kutengera utoto woyambira
Mwachilengedwe okhala majeremusi - zipululu ndi mapazi . Ichi ndichifukwa chake utoto wawo woyamba anali mchenga kapena bulawuni - kotero adaphatikizika ndi chilengedwe ndipo amabisala kwa adani.
Kukula kwa matupi awo kuyambira 6 mpaka 22 cm, kutengera mitundu. Mchirawo umakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 20, ndipo kulemera kwake - kuchokera 10 mpaka 200. Chochulukitsa cha mbewa zina ndi mchira, wokutidwa ndi ubweya ndi nthimba yaying'ono kumapeto. Masiku ano, pali mitundu 100 ya nyama zodabwitsa zomwe zaululidwa. Ndi ochepa okha omwe adakhazikitsidwa.
Balochistan gerbil ndiye woimira ang'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 6 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake sikawonjezereka kupitirira 25 .. Mtundu wa chovalacho ndi wa imvi, pamimba pake ndi zoyera. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kupezeka kum'mwera kwa Asia.
Mtundu wocheperako-wamtunduwu uli ndi mtundu wofanana, wocheperako kuposa momwe amatsogolera ndipo amakhala ku North Africa.
Virbil wa Chisman, wotalika masentimita 11, wokhala ndi mchira wautali kuposa kutalika kwa thupi, ali ndi utoto wammbuyo wa lalanje. Chochititsa chidwi ndi maso akuluakulu omwe amawoneka mowoneka bwino pamutu yaying'ono.
M mbewa ya ku Persia ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa abale ake: kulemera - mpaka 170 g, kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka masentimita 19. Kubwerera kumbuyo kwa bulauni komanso burashi kumapeto kwa mchira kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yokongola kwambiri. Imakhala ku Central Asia, imakhala bwino m'mapiri pamtunda wopitilira mamitala 3,000 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Munthu wamkulu kwambiri amatchedwa - Big gerbil. Kutalika kwake kumatha kupitirira masentimita 20. Ubweya umakhala ndi mtundu wamchenga wachikaso, mchirawo umatha ndi ngayaye yakuda kumapeto.
Makutu omwe ali pamutu pa kachilombo kamene kali ndi zovuta kudziwa
Gerbil wamaso amfupi kapena Desmodillus auricularis amasiyanitsidwa ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono atakanikizidwa mwamphamvu thupi. Mtunduwo ndi wofiyira kapena wofiirira-wofiirira, pamimba, miyendo ndi malo kumbuyo kwa makutu yokutidwa ndi ubweya woyera.
Kutalika kwa thupi sikupita masentimita 12, kulemera - 70 g. Mchirawo ndi wamfupi kuposa thupi - 8-10 cm. Malo okhala zachilengedwe - South Africa.
Mtundu wa gerbil wachilengedwe ndiwofala kwambiri
Odziwika kwambiri pa ntchito yokonza pakhomo ndi majeremusi a Chimongolia kapena oboola. . Dzina lasayansi la munthuyu ndi Meriones unguiculatus.
Amakhala amitundu yayikulu: kukula kwake - pafupifupi 20 cm, kulemera - mpaka 120 g. Pamapeto kwa mchira wautali ndi burashi wokongola. Nyani zazimuna za ku Mongolia ndizochulukirapo kuposa zazikazi.
Mwachilengedwe, wopezeka kumapiri a Mongolia ndi madera ozungulira. Mitundu ya mitundu iyi ya zinyama idayesedwa ku maphunziro oyamba ndikumaliza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wachilengedwe ndi mchenga. Tsitsi limakhala ndi mtundu wozungulira wautali - wofiira pafupi ndi thupi komanso wakuda kumapeto kwake.
Pa ma gerby gerbils, tsitsi la mchira limatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa thupi.
Sekeetamys calurus ndi mtundu wamchenga. Mchirawo umaphimbidwa kwathunthu ndi tsitsi lakuda, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi ngayaye yoyera kumapeto. Tsitsi kumchira ndi lalitali kuposa thupi lonse. Chifukwa chake dzina la nyama - fluffy gerbil.
Kukula kwa nyama yam'madzi ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 13. Imapezeka mu mapiri ndi zipululu ku North Africa ndi West Asia.
Zovala zazingwe
Majeremusi achidudu (Gerbillus) ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wabanja, wokhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 30. Posachedwa, amagawidwa m'magulu awiri apafupi a 2-3.
Kutalika kwa ma gerbils ocheperako ndi 6-13 cm basi; thupi ndi lopepuka komanso labwino. Mchirawu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi burashi yaying'ono yotsalira ya tsitsi losalala. Utoto wa thupi lakumtunda nthawi zambiri umakhala wosalala, wamchenga. Phazi limakhala lopapatiza, lalitali, pamafomu a psammophilic, zala zokhala ndi mkwele wa tsitsi loyera, zomwe zimakulitsa malo othandizira. Ngoma zapakatikati zapakatikati.
Kukhazikika kwa mtunduwu kumakhala pafupifupi chigwa chonse cha Sahara ndi Pacific. Ku Asia, amapezeka kuchokera ku Arabia kum'mwera kwa Western Asia kupita kuchipululu cha Thar ku India.
Gerbil waku Egypt (Gerbillus piramidi) ndiofala kumpoto kwa Africa. Imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana amchenga - madera onse amchenga komanso malo ochepa amchenga pamadongo kapena pamchere wamadambo amphepete mwa nyanja. Imapezekanso m'mafuta opaka, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'makomo a adobe. Pa chithunzichi, gerbil wa ku Aigupto pakhomo la dzenje.
Kutalika kwa thupi la gerbil waku Egypt ndi 913 cm, ndipo mchirawo ndi wa 18 cm.
Vutoli limakonda kukhala lokha, ngakhale nthawi zambiri anthu angapo amakhala pafupi. Masamba pawokha ndiofunika kwambiri m'derali, mpaka 170 mita kudutsa. Burrows imakhala ndi kulowa kwa 2-3 kokha, koma chida chovuta kwambiri mobisa.
Zilomboti za ku Egypt zimagwira ntchito usiku, ndipo zimabisala dzenje kwa tsiku limodzi, ndikulowetsa khomo lake ndi nkhumba.
Amadyetsa njere, mobisa magawo a mbewu, zitsamba, arthropods.
Kuberekanso kumachitika kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka Marichi ndipo kumangoyima nthawi yotentha komanso youma kwambiri pachaka (Marichi - Meyi). Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ana anayi.
Ubwino ndi Kuperewera kwa Gerbil Monga Pet
Majeremusiwo ndi oyera komanso osewera, koma simudikira kuti usikuwo mukhale chete
Ganizirani zabwino zomwe zingasungidwe majeremusi kunyumba:
- Tidy - poyerekeza ndi makoswe ena, majeremusi amafunika chisamaliro chochepa, ndikokwanira kuyeretsa khola kamodzi pa sabata,
- Pafupifupi palibe fungo
- Wosazindikira chakudya,
- Ngati mutenga angapo - palibe chifukwa chokondweretsera nyama nthawi zonse, mutha kungusiya osayang'aniridwa, nyama sizingafe chifukwa chosungulumwa.
- Wotetezedwa bwino.
Monga nyama zilizonse, limodzi ndi zabwino zake zimakhala ndi zovuta zingapo:
- Moyo wokangalika wa majeremusi umachitika makamaka usiku. Chifukwa chake, pakugona kwanu, nyamayo ipanga phokoso lambiri - kukumba ndi kukumba. Osasunga ziweto kuchipinda usiku.
- Gerbils ndi makoswe, ndipo ndi omwe. Nthawi zonse amasaka zonse zomwe amaziwona. Palibe chifukwa choyankhulira nyumba zamatanda zilizonse. Iyenera kukhala khola lomwe lili ndi zitsulo, zotchingira mwamphamvu komanso zodyetsa.
- Kutalika kwa moyo kuli pafupifupi zaka 2-3. Munthawi imeneyi, mwiniwake adzakhala ndi nthawi yoti azolowere chiweto - kusiya nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta.
Musanalowetse munthu wokhala mnyumba, muyenera kuphunzira za momwe mungakhalire majeremusi. Mukamakonzekera pasadakhale, vuto lomwe lingakhalepo mtsogolo.
Osayikiratu khola ndi nyamayo padzuwa kapena mwachisawawa. Ngakhale kuti kwawo kwa gerbil kuli dzuwa, ndikofunikira kuti nyamayo izitha kubisala mumthunzi.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono
Gulu Laling'ono la Gerbils (Meriones Illiger) - m'modzi mwa oyimira banjalo, ndi gulu la omwe amatchedwa "gerbils apamwamba". Kuphatikiza mitundu pafupifupi 16, yogawidwa mu 3-4 subgenus.
Malo okhala amakhala lamba lonse la chipululu cha Palearctic - kuchokera ku mapiri a Atlas kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa kupita ku Gobi ku Central Asia. Oimira amtunduwu amakhala m'chipululu komanso zipululu zosiyanasiyana (makamaka dothi lambiri), nthawi zina amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.
Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama ndi 10-18 masentimita, mchirawo ndi 10-20 masentimita. Utoto wamtunduwu umayambira pamchenga wamtundu wamtundu wa azitona, pamimba pamakhala yoyera, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi duwa lofiira, ngayaye pamchira imayambira phulusa mpaka imvi.
Majeremusi ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku, nthawi zina amagwira masana. Ndiwokhala malo, amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a banja kapena osakongola, kukumba malo ang'onoang'ono.
Chakudyacho ndi mbewu ndi magawo obiriwira azomera.
Zimaswana nthawi yotentha, zimabweretsa ana atatu pakanthawi, ndipo zinyalala zimakhala ndi ana 12.
Izi makoko ndizambiri (kupatula zosowa). Amakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa miliri (makamaka komwe kulibe gerbil yayikulu), kutenga nawo gawo pokonza matenda oyang'anira chilengedwe. M'mayiko achiarabu, mitundu ina imadyedwa.
Virbil-tailed yofiira (Meriones libycus) ili ndi gawo logawika kwambiri m'banjamo. Dera lake limakhala mzipululu komanso zipululu za North Africa, Anterior, Middle, Central Asia mpaka ndi Xinjiang. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa zipululu za ephemeral komanso zopondera, matope ndi miyala yamiyala yokhala ndi dothi lonyansa. Imapezeka mumchenga pokhapokha pazaka zambiri kuwonjezeka kokha komanso masanjidwe okhazikika. M'madera olima, amakhala m'mphepete mwa ngalande zothirira, minda yothiriridwa, pazomera za alfa ndi tirigu, imapezeka kawirikawiri m'nyumba zomanga anthu.
Makulidwe apakatikati: Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 17 cm, mchira - mpaka masentimita 19. Ubweya wakumbuyo kumbuyo ndi wopanda mchenga, woderapo kuposa mitundu ina yamtundu. Mchirawo ndi wofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi, wofiyira-mchenga, wamaso owoneka bwino kuchokera kutsogolo kumbuyo, ngwazi za tsitsi lakuda. Ngoma zokumva ndizambiri.
Mabowo a ma gerbils okhala ndi tinsito tating'onoting'ono timakhala tovuta kwambiri; tili ndi timabowo 5 mpaka 20 tomwe tili pafupi. Malo omwe pansi pake amafika pakuya kuya kwa 1-1.2 m. M'dzenje ili ndi makamera okhala ndi zisa komanso malo osungirako. Mtunduwu umakhala m'malo okhala osakhazikika pamakoma a gerbil wamkulu.
M'gawo lotentha la chaka, mtunduwu umagwira usiku, nthawi yozizira - nthawi zambiri masana.
Kubalana nthawi zambiri kumachitika munthawi yotentha ya chaka, kumayamba kuyambira pa febulo - Mashi mpaka Okutobala - Novembala. Pazaka zabwino, amatha kubereka chaka chonse. Pa nthawi ya kubereka pali ma litre atatu, iliyonse kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 12 cubs. Akazi obadwa kasupe amatha kubweretsa malita awiri chaka chimodzi.
Udindo waukulu pazakudya za gerbil wofiira kwambiri umaseweredwa ndi chakudya cholimbitsa: mbewu ndi mababu, omwe amapanga zakudya zoposa 80%. Chimadya masamba obiriwira a zomera nthawi zonse, koma makamaka ngati chinyontho. Zimadyanso tizilombo, makamaka kumapeto kwa chakudyacho, chakudya cha mbewu chikaperewera. Kwa nthawi yozizira kumapangitsa masheya olemera mpaka 9 kg. Imavulaza mbewu za tirigu ndi thonje.
Midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus), malingana ndi mawonekedwe ena azachilengedwe komanso chilengedwe, ali ndi gawo lina patali. Fomu lomwe limakhala ku Transcaucasus lasankhidwa posachedwa monga mitundu yosiyana - Armenian gerbil (M. dahli).
Imapezeka kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Caspian kupita ku Alashan ndi Inner Mongolia, kumwera kumapiri a kumapiri a Afghanistan ndi Central Iran. Amakonzekera kukhala m'malo a mchenga. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kupezeka m'malo omwe ali ndi tchire, pomwe imakumba mabowo.
Uwu ndiye woimira wamkulu kwambiri wamtunduwu: kutalika kwa thupi sikupita masentimita 15. Mtundu wa pamwamba ndi mchenga wowala, koma m'malo ena muli mitundu yakuda kwambiri. Mimba ndi yoyera. Tsitsi lomwe limatuluka mchira wake limakhala lotalikirapo kuposa lamtundu wina wamtundu womwe umamera pang'ono, koma mathero ake amapangidwa bwino.
Ukoloni wa mtunduwu umatchulidwa kuposa ma gerbil ena ang'ono, makamaka nthawi yozizira. Maziko a koloni amapangidwa ndi malo osyanirana achikazi: amakhala omata kwambiri pazimbudzi kuposa zazimuna. Gawo la amuna limagwira magawo angapo achikazi. Pa tsamba limodzi pamakhala malo ambiri osungirako malo, pomwe amodzi amadzitchinjiriza kwa tsiku limodzi kwa masiku osachepera kapena amagwiritsa ntchito maboti atatu m'malo mwake. Zomera nthawi yozizira komanso zopangira ana zimakhala zakuya kwambiri, zimatha kuchoka pansi mpaka pakuya mamita 4. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama 5 mpaka 15 zimasungidwa m'makola oterowo. M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zimagwira makamaka madzulo ndi usiku. Mukugwa, ikafika nthawi yokolola chakudya, amasiya mabowo usana ndi usiku.
Chaka chonse amadyetsa makamaka mbeu. Mtengo waukulu wa chakudya chamtunduwu ndi chowawa.
Nyengo yoswana imatha kuyambira pakati pa Marichi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, pomwe nthawi zina ndi akazi achikulire okha omwe amabereka ana atatu, pomwe ambiri amatha kubweretsa zinyalala imodzi. Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala a ana a6-6 okha, omwe amadzakwanitsa chaka chimodzi atayamba kukhala payokha.
Colubed, kapena Mongolia gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) ndiwofanana ndi masana, omwe amasiyana nawo ndi kukula kwakukulu, burashi wopukutidwa bwino la tsitsi laimvi kumapeto kwa mchira. Mimba ndi "yodetsedwa" chifukwa tsitsi limakhala ndi mabade amdima. Zovala ndizakuda, zazitali (motero dzina lake).
Imapezeka pakati ndi kumpoto kwa Mongolia, kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, komanso ku Transbaikalia ndi Tuva. Imakhala m'mapiri amchenga, otseguka komanso amtchire.
Nyalugwe wofowoka amakhala m'magulu ochezera, omwe kukula kwake amakula kwambiri m'chilimwe. Gululi limakhala ndi azimuna akulu akulu akulu atatu ndi zazikazi 2-7 ndi nyama zazing'ono zamibadwo yosiyanasiyana. Onsewa amakhala machitidwe abowo. Malo awo osungira amakhala ochulukirapo komanso osiyanasiyana mu chipangizocho. Zokongoletsera zimatola chakudya pamodzi nthawi yachisanu, ndipo kuzizira kumagogoda mulu m'chipinda chochezera. Umodzi wagulu limathandizidwa ndi mamembala ake onse, ndipo alendo osawadziwa amachotsedwa popanda chisoni.
Tizilombo ta Claw timagwira masana nthawi zonse (makamaka) komanso usiku. M'nyengo yozizira, ntchito zimachepetsedwa, makoswe amasiya mabowo awo m'masiku otentha okhaokha.
Kubalana kumatha kuyambira Januware mpaka Seputembala. M'chaka, zazikazi zimapereka ana awiri, anthu ena amabweretsa gawo limodzi. Ana achichepere amatha kubereka chaka chomwecho. Mu ana 4-5 wakhanda.
Ndi wamkulu uti mwa gululi yemwe ndi makolo a ana onse? Palibe amene angaweruze izi mwa machitidwe a amuna ndi akazi, ngakhale atakhala awiriawiri. Ndipo ngati gulu la abale limasungidwa nthawi zonse, kuwadutsa sikubweretsa mavuto akulu bwanji? Zithunzithunzi zomwe zimalumikizana ndi moyo wa nyama izi zidathetsedwa kale kwambiri pomwe zimawonedwa ali akapolo. Zinapezeka kuti madera amakhala okhazikika komanso madera, koma azimayi pamatenthedwe amasiya gulu lawo ndikuyendera anzawo kuti akomane nawo. Kenako abwerera kudzenje lawo ndikupatsa moyo mbadwo watsopano, womwe onse a m'banja lalikulu azisamalira.
Mtunduwu umadyetsa kwambiri njere, maluwa aaceaceee ndi Asteraceae, komanso pafupi ndi minda - mbewu zobzalidwa. M'nyengo yozizira imatha kusunga mpaka 20 kg ya mbewu.
Ku Transbaikalia ndi Tuva, nyongolotsi yomwe ili ndi vuto lalikulu pa mbewu, makamaka mbewu monga chimanga ndi nyemba.
Majeremusi akuluakulu
Majeremusi akuluakulu (Rhombomys Wagner) - mtundu wodziwika bwino kwambiri, wapamwamba kwambiri pakapangidwe ka mano pakati pa majeremusi: ndiye mtundu wokhawo m'banjamo womwe umakula mosalekeza. Kutalika kwa nyamazo ndi nyama mpaka 20 cm, mchirawo ndi wofika masentimita 16. Matupi awo ndi otupa, miyendo yawo ndiyifupi. Chovalacho chimakhala chophatika ndi msana wautali. Kupaka utoto, m'mimba kumangoyala pang'ono pang'ono kuposa kumbuyo.
Tizilomboti tambiri tili ponseponse m'zipululu za pansi komanso patali ndi dongo komanso zipululu za Kazakhstan, Central, Anterior ndi Central Asia. Makoko awa ndi ophatikizika, achikoloni kwambiri, okhala ndi mawu osonyeza mawu. Zingwe zawo ndizovuta, ndipo zochuluka zimaphatikizidwa kukhala "matauni" okhala ndi mayendedwe mazana.
Gerbil wamkulu (Rhombomys opimus) ndiye yekha woimira majeremusi akuluakulu. Mitunduyi imakhala pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zipululu zokhala ndi nthaka yopanda thukuta, kupewa misala yopanda kanthu ndi malo okumbika mchere, mapiri okongola, kusuntha mchenga, komanso madera okhala ndi madzi okwanira pansi. Nthawi zambiri khalani pakati pazomangamanga - madamu, zomangira njanji, ndi zina zotero. Malo oterewa amatambalala mzere wamtali kwa makilomita ambiri motero amatchedwa "tepi".
Pa chithunzichi, kachilomboka kakakulu pamalo a "mzati"
Majeremusi akuluakulu amadziwika ndi moyo wabanja. Banja limakhala ndi wamwamuna, wamkazi ndi ana awo a mibadwo yosiyanasiyana. Magulu abanja ovuta amatha kupangidwanso komwe amuna amaphatikiza akazi angapo omwe amakhala m'mabowo osiyana. Amuna achilendo amatsogozedwa ndi eniake pamalowo.
Kwa gerbil wamkulu, monga momwe amachitira mitundu yambiri yamakedzana, phokoso lomvekera bwino limadziwika, lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati chenjezo pangozi. Pali mitundu iwiri yazizindikiro - mawu ndi otchedwa podophony. Poyamba, izi ndizobwerezabwereza komanso zokhala ngati whitter. Kachiwiri, khwangwala, itapinda dzenje, ikumenya kwambiri pansi, phokoso lomwe limamveka bwino kuchokera kunja, lili kutali ndi njira yomwe ikuyenda.
Zakudya za ma gerbils akuluakulu mu nyengo yotentha zimapangidwa makamaka ndi masamba. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, nthambi ndi zitsamba za zitsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kwa nyengo yozizira, magawo azomera zamasamba amasungidwa, kuziwunjikira m'zipinda zapadera. Masheya amatha kufika 50 kg.
Yogwira gerbil wamkulu masana. M'chilimwe, zochitika zapadziko lapansi zimatha kutentha kwa kutentha pamwamba pa 36 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama sizimatuluka m'mabowo awo, makamaka zipululu zakumpoto, komwe chiphalaphala cha chisanu chimasungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo.
Nyengo yakubala makamaka mumiyezi yophukira. Pakadali pano, pali ana awiri otsatizana. M'chilimwe, kubereka kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, kutentha kumatha, pachimake gawo lachiwiri la kubereka limawonedwa. Nthawi zambiri amabala ana a 5-6.
Mwamuna ndi nyongolosi
Majeremusi ambiri amakhala m'malo opanda anthu. Kumene amakumanirana ndi munthu, makamaka m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri ku Africa ndi mapiri aku Asia, mikangano imabuka. M'malo mwake, nyama izi ndi tizirombo, kukhazikika pafupi ndi minda ndikupeza gawo lawo la mbewu. Madzenje ambiri, amawononga madamu, makhoma a misewu ngakhale maziko a nyumba. Malo awo amakhala ngati malo osungira matenda owopsa.
Anthu amapha poizoni ndi mpweya komanso mankhwala, amawononga malo awo osatha. Kuphatikiza apo, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama zapabati, ndipo m'malo ena nyama yawo yachifundo imawoneka kuti ndi yofunika. Komabe, kwa anthu ena, majeremusi amakhala ziweto. Ndipo ngati zachilengedwe zimatha zaka 1-2 zokha, ndiye kuti panyumba izi nyama zitha kukhala ndi zaka 5.
Mwinanso ana onse adziko lapansi amalota kukhala ndi chiweto. Koma atawoneka mwana m'modzi amafunsa chiweto chachiwiri, ndi zina zambiri mpaka infinity. Kuchepa chabe kwa makolo kumalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa nyama mnyumba. Kupatula apo, zovuta zazikulu zimagona pamapewa awo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakonda majeremusi okongola.
Zaukhondo ndi kusamba
Kusamba kwamchenga - njira yayikulu yotsukira majeremusi
Gerbils ndiwopanda tanthauzo - chinthuchi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofunikira posankha chiweto. Madzi a nyama zam'chipululu saloledwa . Ndipo komabe, amafunikira kuyeretsa kwakanthawi - kusamba. Modabwitsa, malo abwino kwambiri aukhondo ndi mchenga. Tengani chidebe chokuya chokulirapo kuposa chokulirapo, chivundikirani ndi mchenga woyera ndikuyika nyamayo pamenepo. Zachilengedwe zimavutitsa - adzazindikira msanga zomwe akuyenera kuchita.
Musaiwale kuti gerbil ndi makoswe. Ngati chidebechi ndi pulasitiki, pamakhala chiopsezo choti chidzayamba kuluma, kotero mumatha kusambira kokha moyang'aniridwa kapena muyenera kupeza zinthu zolimba.
Makhalidwe
Ngati mukuganiza zoyambitsa kachilombo, onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira chinenero chamanja
Mwa chikhalidwe cha chiweto, mutha kumvetsetsa momwe zilili - kusewera, kugona, kupweteka, kapena mantha.
Kukhazikika kwamiyendo yakumbuyo, yofanana ndi mpukutu wa Drum, zikusonyeza kuti nyamayi imachita mantha ndikuwachenjeza za kuwopsa kwa abale ake. Ngakhale pomwe palibe majeremusi ena pafupi, izi zimachitika mwachilengedwe.
Olimba komanso mokweza, mikwingwirima yotalikirana ya ma paws akuwonetsa kuti nyamayo ndi yokonzeka kukhazikika ndipo ikuyembekezera mnzake.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, ma gerbil amapanga mawu, nthawi zambiri izi zikutanthauza kuti amawopa chilichonse kapena amatcha mbewa zina. Ngati chiweto chimayamba kumeza m'maloto, muyenera kuwonetsa kwa dokotala. Izi zitha kukhala mawonekedwe a nyamayo, kapena chizindikiro cha zovuta zaumoyo.
Gwira nyama m'manja mwake, tcherani khutu ku miyendo yake. Akakakamizidwa, zikutanthauza kuti amakhala womasuka. Bwino kuyika gerbil m'malo mwake. Nyama ikakukhulupirira, miyendo yake imakhazikika ndipo zala zake zimawongoka .
Matenda ndi chithandizo
Pakukayikira koyamba kwa malaise, bweretsani gerbil kwa veterinarian
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a majeremusi osiyanasiyana. Osakoka ulendowu kupita kwa veterinarian - matenda ambiri amapezeka mwachangu, ndipo nyamayo imafa.
Choyambirira kuchita ngati mwana ndi waulesi ndikuyiyika pamalo otentha, opanda phokoso komanso otetezeka . Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka mbewa ndi madzi abwino.
Maso otupa oyeretsetsa komanso kutulutsa kofiira kwa iwo nthawi zambiri zimakhala chizindikiro cha conjunctivitis. Ndikofunikira kupatula fumbi, ndibwino kuti muthe kuphimba kwakanthawi ndi zopukutira oyera. Zouma za echinacea zimatha kuwonjezeredwa kudyetsa. Muzimutsuka ndi tincture wa chamomile. Veterinarians nthawi zambiri amapereka maantibayotiki momwe akutsikira.
Kutulutsa magazi kuchokera pamphuno kumatha kutanthauza chifuwa, chifukwa, kuyabwa. Sinthani chakudya ndi zinyalala. Ngati zinthu sizinasinthe masana - onetsetsani dokotala.
Nthawi zina nyama zimayamba kukuta mchira wawo - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Palibe amene sangachite popanda kuthandizidwa ndi katswiri.
Kusankhidwa kwa khola ndi zowonjezera
M'ng'oma, gerbil iyenera kukhala ndi thanki yokumba
Chingwe chomangira ndi zinthu zina mkati mwake ziyenera kukhala zopangika zomwe nyamayo siyingaluma.
Nyama izi zimakonda kukumba, choncho zimayenera kupatsidwa mwayi wotere . Kuti muchite izi, pallet imadzazidwa ndi udzu, udzu wouma kapena pansi kwapadera, wogulidwa ku malo ogulitsa ziweto. Chifukwa chake, gawo lotsika la cell liyenera kukhala lakuzama. Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka madzi ndi chakudya. Nyumba ndi zoseweretsa zimawonjezera kukondweretsa kwa mwana.
Momwe mungadziwire jenda
Amuna okhwima mwakugonana amakhala ndimayeso opangidwa bwino omwe amatha kuwoneka pakati pa miyendo yakumbuyo kwa makenteni. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kupanikizira pang'ono pamimba - kusiyana pakati pa wachikazi ndi wamwamuna kumaonekera kwambiri.
Wamkazi amakhala ndi kutseguka kwa matupi komanso kumaliseche pafupi kwambiri, mamilimita angapo kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
Kugogoda
Kubadwa koyamba kwa mbewa kuyenera kuchitika isanafike chaka chimodzi . Kwa okwatirana, okwatirana ayenera kuyikidwa mgulu lina. Mutha kuwonjezera njere za mpendadzuwa ku chakudya chachikazi - mafuta ochepa ndi mafuta sizimamupweteka panthawiyi.
Gerbils amatha kutha msinkhu kuyambira milungu 10 yazaka. Pambuyo pa miyezi 20 ya moyo, simuyenera kuwachepetsa.
Momwe mungasamalire ana akhanda
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timabadwa tili maliseche. Pofika tsiku lachinayi, maso ndi makutu otseguka. Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chinayi, ana amakhala akhama ndikukula mu ubweya. Pakatha masabata awiri mutabadwa, mutha kudziwa mtundu wa nyama. M'masiku oyamba, simuyenera kusokoneza makolo - amayi ndi abambo a akhanda omwe amasangalala mosangalala atazungulira ana. Ndikofunika kukhala aukhondo komanso kupatsa ziweto chakudya ndi madzi oyera.
Maphunziro ndi masewera
Gerbils ndimasewera osewera kwambiri
Gerbils ndi nyama zachidwi kwambiri. Kutengera izi, ndikofunika kulumikizana ndi chiweto chatsopano ndikuchiphunzitsa.
Musanayambe kuphunzira masewera olumikizana ndi nyama, muyenera kuzolowera ndi manja anu. Kuti muchite izi, perekani pang'onopang'ono mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akudya. Posachedwa, adzayandikira ndi kusiya kuchita mantha. Osamayendetsa modzidzimutsa - izi zimatha kumuwopseza nyamayo.
Gerbils amasangalala kusewera ndi munthu. Amakonda kuthamanga manja, kukwera m'manja ndi kudutsa mumsewu.Ndi kulumikizana pafupipafupi, mbewa zimazolowera mwini wake ndikudziyimilira mapewa, ndikusangalala ndikuwona zonse zomwe zikuchitika. Mukamasewera, nthawi zina mungadyetse mnzanu.
Palibe vuto kuti musawopsyeze kapena kukalipira nyama, poyankha izi, ikhoza kuluma kapena kusiya kufikira munthu.
Momwe mungatchulire dzina la ziweto
Zirombero sizisamala zomwe mumazitcha - mulimonse, sizingayankhe
Dzina la nyama limatha kukhala chilichonse. Gerbils salabadira kuyitanidwa kwa munthu, chifukwa chake chachikulu ndichakuti ndikosavuta kwa mwiniwake kuyitanitsa nyamayo panthawi yolumikizirana komanso masewera olumikizana. Nthawi zambiri dzina laulemu limasankhidwa potengera mawonekedwe a nyamayo, mtundu wake kapena kukula kwake. Zojambula zimakhudzanso kusankha kwa dzina. Mutha kutcha Pet dzina la ngwazi wokondedwa wa nthano, palinso mayina a anthu.
Gerbils ndi abwino posankha bwenzi. Samanunkhiza, safuna kukonzanso komanso kusamalira, samasankha chakudya ndipo ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri. Chokhachokha chachikulu ndi moyo wake, womwe nthawi zambiri umapitirira zaka zitatu.
Kodi nyongolosi zimakhala kuti?
Kukhazikika kwa majeremusi kumakhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa Asia kuchokera ku Arabia Arabia kupita ku Hindustan ndi ku Sri Lanka, Central ndi Central Asia. Nyama zambiri zimakhala m'malo okhala kwambiri - zipululu komanso zipululu. Zina zimapezeka pakati pa nkhalango za xerophytic savannah. Mapiri amatha kukwera mpaka 3000 metres pamwamba pa nyanja.