Kulemera kwa akuluakulu ndi 1300-3200 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 209-500 cm, kuphatikiza mchira - 35 cm.Ilitali kufota - 150-165 masentimita. Mhipu imakhala ndi khungu lofiirira kapena imvi komanso laimvi, lomwe limakhala ndi khungu lofiirira kuzungulira maso ndi makutu. Matupi awo amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lochepera, kupatula mutu ndi mchira. Khungu lakunja ndilopyapyala kwambiri, lomwe limawapangitsa kukhala pangozi ya mabala akamamenya nkhondo.
Mchiuno mulibe gwero la sebaceous komanso thukuta. M'malo mwake, tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa timadzimadzi tokhathamira, tambiri timene timatulutsa timadzi tofiira. Kwa zaka zambiri, madzi amtunduwu ankawonedwa ngati kusakaniza kwa thukuta ndi magazi. Amadziwika kuti ndiosakanikirana ndi ma hipposudoric ndi norhipposudoric acid. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwala kwa dzuwa, kotenga mphamvu yoyendera dzuwa komanso kupewa kukula kwa mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilomboti. Patangodutsa mphindi zochepa kuchokera pakuloweka dzuwa pakhungu la nyama, zotulukazo zimasintha kuchokera pakhungu lopanda mtundu.
Zokhala ndi mbewa komanso mbiya, zitha kuwoneka, mvuu zimakhala zopanda pansi komanso m'madzi. Komabe, kusinthasintha kwa moyo wokhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi kunawalola kuyenda mofulumira m'madzi ndi pamtunda. Pansi, amatha kuthamanga mpaka 30 km / h ndikuwusamalira kwa mazana angapo mamita. M'madzi osaya, miyendo yawo yayifupi imapereka kuyenda kwamphamvu, ndipo mapazi opendekeka amachititsa kuti kusuntha kuyende pansi pa mitsinje. Malo omwe maso, makutu, mphuno kumutu kumapangitsa kuti mvuu zizikhala pansi pa madzi nthawi yayitali, pomwe zimakhala zosavuta kupumira ndikuwongolera zochitika zowazungulira. Ikamizidwa mokwanira, mvuu imatseka mphuno ndi makutu kuti madzi asalowe. Nsagwada zimatha kutseguka mpaka madigiri 150, kuwonetsa zazikulu, zokuwa zazikulu ndi zolimba. Mafangayi amakula mpaka 50 cm, ndipo incisors imakula mpaka 40 cm, ma fangili amawolana wina ndi mnzake, kwinaku akutafuna udzu.
Kuonera zolaula mu mvuu kulipo. Kulemera kwa amuna, monga lamulo, kumapitilira kulemera kwa akazi (pafupifupi 200 makilogalamu), koma amatha kukula ndi kulemera kwama kilogalamu masauzande angapo. Amuna amakula moyo wawo wonse, pomwe akazi amasiya kukula ali ndi zaka 25. Kutalika kwenikweni kwa amuna ndi pafupifupi masentimita 505, ndipo mwa akazi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 345. Wamphongo wamkulu kwambiri m'mbiri yonseyo anali wolemera makilogalamu 4,500 (Munich, Germany). Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwa thupi lalikulupo, amuna amakhala ndi zisa zazikulu kwambiri zokhala ndi nsagwada zopangidwa bwino kuposa zazikazi. Mafupa amuna amphongo nthawi yayitali amatalika kuposa akazi.
Habitat
Nthawi zambiri mvuu zimakhala m'madziwe osaya, mitsinje komanso madambo. Kuzama kwake kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi mamita awiri, pomwe mvuu imamiza thupi lonse m'madzi. Masana, magulu a mvuu amakonda kugona m'madzi osaya, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala pansi (m'matope), kwinaku akukambirana. Muli m'madzi otere omwe matching ndi kubereka kumachitika. Pakakhala kotheka kukhala m'madzi osaya, mvuu zimayenda mozama ndikusiya mphuno zokha pamadzi kuti zitha kupuma. Dzuwa litalowa, mvuu zimatuluka m'mbali mwa madzi kuti zidyetse ndikukayenda pang'ono. Monga lamulo, amachoka, osapitirira 1.6 km, panjira yodziwika kale yokhala ndi udzu wowuma wa msipu kuti adye m'mbali mwa madzi.
Kusintha kwachilengedwe
Palibe chofalitsa chilichonse chokhudza kukula kwa gawo lomwe anthu amakhala ndi mvuu. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali m'gululo, kuyandikira kwa madzi ndi malo odyetserako ziweto. Nthawi zambiri amapuma mnyumba zopumira, ndikumakhazika mitu yawo kumbuyo kwa woyandikana naye nyumba.
Mkhalidwe wa mbiri yakale komanso wamakono wa mvuu umatha kuonedwa ndikufanizira chithunzi chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa.
Kuswana
Hippos ndi nyama zamitala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wamwamuna m'modzi amatha kukwatiwa ndi akazi angapo mgulu limodzi. Ngakhale kuti kuweta kumeneku sikukuchitika mwachisawawa, nthawi zambiri kumachitika munyengo yamvula, kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Ogasiti, ndipo kubadwa kwa ana kumakhala nthawi yamvula, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo.
Pofunafuna mnzawo, abambo akuluakulu amayendayenda m'malo opumirako kapena msipu ndipo amatchera mchira wa aliyense wamkazi. Wamphongo amachita modzicepetsa kwa mkazi kuti asawonongedwe ndi gulu la ng'ombe. Cholinga champhongo mwaulemu ndikupeza mkazi wokonzeka kukhwima. Mwamuna akamapeza mkazi woyenera, chibwenzi chimayamba. Amaseka wosankhidwa wake, ndipo pomukondweretsa iye kuchokera pagululo. Kenako amamutsatira m'madzi akuya mpaka kukwiya ndikuwombana ndi nsagwada zake. Yaimuna imagonjera chachikazi ndipo mayendedwe ake amachitika, pomwe mutu wake uli pansi pa madzi. Sizikudziwika chifukwa chake, koma mutu wake uyenera kukhala pansi pamadzi. Ngati wamkazi ayesera kutukula mutu wake kuti apume mpweya, wamphongo, monga lamulo, amamukakamiza kuti atsitse mutu wake pansi mokakamiza. Pakukhwima, anyani aamuna amapanga mawu okweza, osonyeza kupambana. Ngakhale amatha kukwatira chaka chonse, nthawi yodziwika bwino ndi kuyambira pa February mpaka August. Mimba imatenga pafupifupi chaka, masiku 324, ndipo mwana mmodzi amabadwa. Samachotsedwa mkaka wa amayi kwa pafupifupi chaka, ndipo kukhwima kumachitika zaka 3.5.
Asanabadwe, azimayi oyembekezera amakhala okwiya kwambiri ndipo amadziteteza kwa aliyense yemwe akumana naye. Zimasungidwa kumtunda kapena m'madzi osaya ndikubwerera kwa ng'ombe 2 milungu yobereka itabereka. Pobadwa, ana a ng'ombe amalemera kuyambira 22 mpaka 55 kg. Amayi ndi mwana wa ng'ombe ali ndi ubale wapamtima. Amasamba ndi kukumbatirana, zomwe amati zimasonyezana chikondi. Ana ang'ono amaphatikizidwa kuti azidyetsa mkaka pansi pa madzi: makutu ndi mphuno pafupi pafupi ndi kuyamwa, pomwe nyini ya amayi ili pakati pa lilime ndi nsagwada yapamwamba. Popeza mvuu zimakhala m'magulu abanja, abambo amateteza mosamala zazikazi ndi ana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawukira chilichonse chomwe chimawopseza.
Khalidwe
Hippos ndi nyama zachikhalidwe kwambiri, akukhala m'magulu a anthu 20-100. Amakhala moyo wokhazikika, kupumula tsiku lonse, ndipo pakucha madzulo amasiya maiwe awo ndikupita kubusa. Ntchito zazikulu zimagwera usiku. Akazi ndiye amatsogolera abusa ndikuwongolera bata m'madziwe akapumula. Amuna amapuma m'mphepete mwa madzi, potetezera zazikazi ndi ana a ng'ombe. Pazaka 7, amuna amayamba kupikisana paulamuliro. Izi zikuwonetsedwa mu kuyungunuka, kubangula, kukonkha ndi manyowa ndi kulumikizana nkhono.
Amuna achimvekere sagwirizana ndi anyamata achichepere omwe awatsutsa. Amuna achikulire amakonda kuvulaza kwambiri komanso kupha anyamata achichepere pomenya nkhondo yotere. Khalidwe lachitetezo chamtunda limadziwika ndi Wheezing, siginecha ndi sopo wosambira. Akuyandikira gawo latsopano, amatembenuzira nsana wawo kuloza malowa ndikulemba gawo. Amasoka michira yawo mbali ndi mbali ndikubalalitsa zimbudzi zawo pamalo opanda kanthu. Amuna nthawi zambiri amatuluka m'madzi kuti amawuze gombe ndi malo odyetserako chakudya.
Kutetezedwa kwa madera awo kumagwa nyengo yadzuwa, pomwe malo okhala akukhaliratu, komanso zinthu zochepa. Zizindikiro zodzitetezera monga kuyungunula, kupukuta nsagwada ndi kumangirira mbewa kumapangira kuti zizitha kuteteza gululo ku ziweto komanso kuwopseza amuna ena.
Kulankhulana
Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, mvuu ndi nyama zachikhalidwe choncho zimakhala ndi malo ambiri komanso phokoso lamadzi. Kuyimbira kwa mavu komwe kumapangidwa ndi mvuu pansi pa madzi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yolankhulirana pagulu loti liziwopseza. Phokoso lotere limatha kufika ma decibel 115, omwe ndi ofanana ndi mkokomo wa bingu lamphamvu. Vocalizations imatha kuchitika pamtunda ndi pamadzi, motsatana, komanso kuyankhula momveka bwino m'malo onse awiri. Imeneyi ndi njira yokhayo yolumikizirana pansi pamadzi ndi zolengedwa. Mvuu imatha kupanga phokoso pomwe mphuno zake zokha zimakhala pamwamba pa madzi. Izi ndichifukwa choti mvuu imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri kuzungulira larynx, kotero, panthawi yamawu, phokoso limagawidwa kumadzi onse.
Mawonekedwe a mvuu ndi malo okhala
Mvuu, kapena mvuu, monga amatchedwa, chilengedwe chimakhala chachikulu. Kulemera kwake kumatha kupitilira matani anayi, kotero pambuyo pake mvuu za njovu zimadziwika kuti ndizinyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zowona, ma buluzi amawapangitsa kukhala mpikisano waukulu.
Nkhani zodabwitsa zinanenedwa ndi asayansi zokhudza nyama yosangalatsayi. Kwa nthawi yayitali ankakhulupirira kuti nkhumba ndi wachibale wa mvuu. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, ndizofanana. Koma zidapezeka (zatsopano za asayansi) kuti wachibale woyandikira kwambiri ayenera kuganiziridwanso ... tsoka!
Mwambiri, mvuu zimatha kukhala zamafuta osiyanasiyana. Anthu ena amalemera makilogalamu 1300 okha, koma kulemera kwake ndi kwakukulu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika 4, 5 metres, ndipo kutalika kufota kwa wamwamuna wamkulu kumafika masentimita 165. Mitundu yake ndi yopatsa chidwi.
Ngakhale kuoneka kuti ali osadukiza, mvuu zimatha kuthamanga kwambiri pamadzi ndi pamtunda. Mtundu wa khungu la nyama iyi ndi imvi ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wobiriwira.
Ngati unyinji wa mvuu imatha "kulowa mu lamba" chinyama chilichonse kupatula njovu, ndiye kuti sichili ndi ubweya konse. Tsitsi lanu silimafalikira thupi lonse, ndipo mutu umakhala wopanda tsitsi. Ndipo khungu lenilenilo limachepa kwambiri, motero limakhala pachiwopsezo kwambiri pakubereka kazimuna.
Koma mvuu sizituluka thukuta, zilibe thukuta lotulutsa thukuta, ndipo tiziwopsezo timene timagwira. Koma tiziwalo timene timayamwa timabisala madzi am'madzi oteteza khungu ku dzuwa komanso mabakiteriya owopsa.
Hippos tsopano opezeka ku Africa, ngakhale m'mbuyomu anali ambiri ponseponse. Koma nthawi zambiri amaphedwa chifukwa cha nyama, motero m'malo ambiri chinyama anawonongedwa mwankhanza.
Khalidwe la m'chiuno ndi moyo
Mvuu sizingakhale zokha, sizabwino. Amakhala m'magulu a anthu 20-100. Tsiku lonse, gulu loterolo limatha kuyenda m'dziwe, ndipo pokhapokha pofika madzulo, limapita kukadya.
Mwa njira, ndi akazi omwe amachititsa kuti ziweto zonse zizikhala bata. Koma zazimuna zimateteza chitetezo cha akazi ndi ana pafupi ndi gombe. Amuna mvuu - nyama okwiya kwambiri.
Amuna akangokhala ndi zaka 7, amayamba kupeza maudindo apamwamba pagulu. Amachita mosiyanasiyana - amatha kupopera amuna ena mkodzo ndi ndowe, kubangula, kuyamwa pakamwa pake.
Chifukwa chake iwo akuyesera kuti alamulire. Komabe, ndikosowa kwambiri kuti mahipu aang'ono azikhala ndi mphamvu - abambo akuluakulu sangathe kulekerera zovuta chifukwa amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu ndipo amakonda kupunduka kapena kupha mdani mnzake.
Amuna achangu kwambiri amateteza gawo lawo. Ngakhale, mvuu sizikuwona omwe angayambire nkhondoyo, zimayika zinthu zawo mosamala.
Mwa njira, amalemba madera omwe amadya, komanso komwe amapuma. Kuti muchite izi, iwo siwamaso kwambiri kuti atuluke m'madzi, kuti akumbutsenso amuna ena omwe ali ndi eni, kapena kutenga zigawo zatsopano.
Pofuna kulumikizana ndi anthu amtundu wina, mvuu zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu ena. Mwachitsanzo, nyama yomwe ili pansi pamadzi imachenjeza nthawi zonse za kuwopsa kwa abale ake. Phokoso lomwe amapanga lili ngati bingu. Mvuu ndi nyama yokhayo yomwe imatha kulumikizana ndi abale m'madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mawu.
Phokoso limagawidwa bwino bwino m'madzi ndi pamtunda. Mwa njira, chosangalatsa ndichakuti mvuu imatha kulankhulana ndi mawu ngakhale ikakhala ndi mphuno yokha pamwamba pamadzi.
Mwambiri, mutu wa mvuu pamwamba pa madzi ndi wokongola kwambiri kwa mbalame. Zimachitika kuti mbalamezi zimagwiritsa ntchito mutu wamphamvu wa mvuu, ngati chilumba kusodza.
Koma chimphona sichitha msanga kukwiyira mbalame, pali majeremusi ambiri pakhungu lake omwe amamukwiyitsa kwambiri. Ngakhale pafupi ndi maso pali mphutsi zambiri zomwe zimalowa ngakhale pansi pa zikope za nyamayo. Mbalame zimachita mvuu ntchito yabwino, yopukutira tiziromboti.
Komabe, wina sayenera kunena kuchokera ku malingaliro otere kwa mbalame kuti amayi onenepa awa ndi ndalamazo. Mvuu ndi imodzi yoopsa kwambiri nyama padziko lapansi. Makungu ake amafikira kukula kwa theka la mita, ndipo ndi mafangiridwe amenewa amaluma mng'alu waukulu m'maso.
Koma chilombo chopsa mtima chimatha kupha yemwe akuzunza m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Aliyense amene amasowetsa nyamayi, mvuu imatha kudya, kupondaponda, kung'amba ndi mafangasi kapena kuikoka m'madzi akuya.
Ndipo kale, pamene mutha kuyambitsa izi, palibe amene akudziwa. Pali mawu oti mvuu ndi anzanga omwe sangathe kudziwika. Amuna ndi akazi akuluakulu ndi owopsa makamaka pamene ana amuna ali pafupi nawo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu, maonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso aukali, mvuu - herbivore. Madzulo, nyamazo zimapita kubusa, kumene kuli udzu wokwanira kubzala gulu lonse.
Hippos alibe adani kuthengo, komabe, amakonda kudya msipu pafupi ndi nkhokwe, amakhala bata. Ndipo, ngati udzu suukwanira, amatha kuchoka pamalo otakasuka kwa makilomita ambiri.
Kuti adyetse okha, mvuu zimayenera kutafuna kosalekeza kwa maola 4-5 tsiku lililonse, kapena, usiku uliwonse. Amafuna udzu wambiri, pafupifupi 40 makilogalamu pa chakudya.
Zitsamba zonse zimadyedwa, mabango ndi mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba ndi mitengo ndizoyenera. Zimachitika, komabe, kuti mvuu imadya zovunda pafupi ndi chosungira. Koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri komanso sizachilendo.
Mwambiri, kudya zovomerezeka kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zina zaumoyo kapena kusowa kwa zakudya zofunika, chifukwa kugaya chakudya mwa nyama izi sikuyenera kugwira nyama.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti mvuu sizimatafuna udzu, monga, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe kapena zingwe zina, zimang'amba msipu ndi mano awo, kapena zimakoka ndi milomo yawo. Minofu, milomo yolimba, yomwe kukula kwake imafikira theka la mita, ndizabwino kwambiri izi. Ndikosavuta kulingalira mtundu wamasamba womwe uyenera kukhala kuti uvulaze milomo yotere.
Nthawi zambiri mvuu zimapita kubusa kumalo komweko ndikubwerera mbandakucha. Zimachitika kuti chinyama chimayendayenda kwambiri posaka chakudya. Kenako, pakubwerera, mvuu imatha kudumphira m'madzi achilendo kuti ikapeze mphamvu, kenako ndikupita ku dziwe lake.
Ntchito pa zachilengedwe
Chifukwa chachilengedwe chachikulu, mvuu zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira m'chilengedwe. Kupezeka kwatsiku ndi tsiku m'madzi ndi pamtunda kumapangitsa malo okhala zazing'ono. Mvuu ikamapita kubusa, imapondaponda njira yomwe nthawi yamvula ikakhala chimbudzi kapena dziwe lam'mbali ndikulole nsomba zazing'ono kudziteteza pakagwa chilala.
Monga zinyama zonse, mitundu ingapo ya majeremusi imakhala kunja ndi mkati mwa thupi. Mphutsi za monogenic zimakhala kunja kwa diso la m'chiuno. Amalumikizidwa m'mphepete mwamkati mwa membrane komanso pansi pa eyelid. Ngakhale sizipweteka kwambiri m'maso, izi ndizokwiyitsa nyama. Mphesa ndi nkhupakupa nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kuzungulira dera la nkhwangwa. Kupatula kuchepa kwa magazi ndi kuyipitsidwa pamalo omwe amaphatikizidwa, palibe kuvulala koopsa kuchokera pamatenda awa. Tizilombo touluka timapezeka m'mimba komanso mita 1.5 yamatumbo ang'onoang'ono. The tapeworm amapanga cysts mu minofu nthawi ya wokula gawo. Trematode nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'chiwindi cha ana mvuu, zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi mibadwo ya mibadwo imakhala yodzala ndi majeremusi.
Chitetezo
Pazaka 10 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa mvuu kwatsika ndi 7-20%.Tinalemba kuti m'maiko 29 momwe adakhalira, kuchokera pa anthu 125,000 mpaka 148,000 adatsala. Ngakhale kuba masaka ndikusaloledwa, ndizomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa nyama izi. Mvuu zomwe zimakhala mosatetezeka zimavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhokwe. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi chinthu chinanso kukuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mvuu. Hippos amadalira matupi amadzi oyera, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha chilala, ulimi ndi mafakitale, komanso kusintha kwa njira yodutsa madzi achilengedwe. Pali njira zomwe zingasungitse kuchuluka kwa mvuu, zoteteza malo okhala zachilengedwe. M'mayiko omwe mumakhala mvuu zochuluka, pali malamulo okhwima oletsa kusaka. Malo okhala Mvuwu, monga mapaki adziko, malo osungirako zinthu zakale, malo osungirako zinthu zakale osungidwa bwino amasungidwa mosamala.
Masanjidwe
Mvuu yodziwika bwino ndioyimira mtundu wa m'chiuno. Mvuu ya pygmy, kapena mvuu ya ku Liberia, kapena mvuu ya pygmy ndi ya mtundu wina - mvuu zamapira.
Kutengera pakusiyana kwakhalidwe pakati pa zigaza ndi mitundu ya malo, mitundu isanu ya mvuu imasiyanitsidwa:
- a. Amphibius - kufalikira kuchokera ku Egypt, komwe tsopano kumatchedwa kuti kwatha, kumwera mpaka kumtsinje wa Nailo ku Tanzania ndi ku Mozambique,
- a. Kiboko - ma subspecies amapezeka ku Kenya, kudera la Great African Lakes komanso ku Somalia ku Horn of Africa. Omwe amachokera pamabungwewa amakhala ndi mafupa amphuno ndi malo am'mimba ambiri.
- a. Capensis - idagawidwa kuchokera ku Zambia kupita ku South Africa. Ali ndi zigamba zoyendetsedwa bwino kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse.
- a. Tschadensis - amakhala ku West Africa. Thupi limakhala lalifupi ndipo limakhala ndi chopukutira.
- a. Constrictus - ikhoza kupezeka ku Angola, kumwera kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo ndi Namibia. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozama ozungulira.
Moyo & Habitat
Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimaphatikiza pamodzi maanzake ndi mvuu ndi mtundu wamadzi am'madzi momwe amakhalapo. Amathera nthawi yawo yambiri m'madzi oyera, ndipo popanda chilengedwe sangakhale ndi moyo. Zamoyo zotere sizimakhala ndi madzi amchere. Komabe, m'malo omwe mitsinje imayenda munyanja, ngakhale nthawi zambiri, imakhalapo.
Ndipo amathanso kusambira kuti athane ndi zovuta zam'nyanja posaka malo atsopano okhala. Malo apadera, omwe ndi okwera komanso omwenso, maso awo amawongolera m'mwamba ndi mphuno zazikulu, komanso makutu awo amawalola kuti azitha kusambira momasuka popanda kuvulaza kupuma kwawo komanso malingaliro a kunja, popeza malo okhala ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse amakhala pansi pamzere wina.
Mvuu m'madzi mwachilengedwe amadziwa momwe sangangomvera, komanso kusinthana zizindikiritso zapadera, kufalitsa uthenga kwa achibale, omwe amakhalanso ofanana ndi dolphin, komabe, monga ma cetaceans onse. Mvuu ndizosambira kwambiri, ndipo mafuta ochulukirapo okwanira amawathandiza kukhala pamadzi, ndipo nembanemba kumapazi kwawo kumathandizanso kuyendayenda m'malo ano.
Ma bingu awa nawonso akuyenda bwino. Popeza adadzaza mapapu ndi mpweya, amalowa pansi, ndikutseka mphuno ndi matupi awo, ndipo amatha kupitirira mphindi zisanu kapena kupitirira apo. Mahipu pamtunda mumdima, amapeza okha chakudya, pomwe nthawi yopuma masana imachitika m'madzi.
Chifukwa chake, amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi mayendedwe amtunda, ngakhale amakonda kuyenda usiku. Zowonadi, pakuwala kwa tsiku padziko lapansi amataya chinyontho chamtengo wapatali, chomwe chimatuluka kuchokera pakhungu lawo lopanda kanthu, lomwe limakhala loyipa kwambiri kwa ilo, ndipo limayamba kuzimiririka pakuwala kwadzuwa.
Nthawi ngati izi, ma midges okwiyitsa a ku Africa amazungulira nyama zazikuluzikuluzi, komanso mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimadya, zomwe sizimangosokoneza kukhalapo kwawo kosasangalatsa, komanso zimathandizira mabingu opanda tsitsi kuti achotse matupi awo amisala kuchokera kulumidwa ndi tizilombo tankhanza, zomwe zimakhala zowawa kwambiri. .
Mapangidwe apadera a mapazi awo, okhala ndi zala zinayi, amathandiza zolengedwa zapaderazi kuyenda pamtunda pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Nyama imawakulitsa momwe angathere, nembanemba pakati pawo amatambasulidwa, motero malo oyang'ana kumapeto amawonjezereka. Ndipo izi zimathandiza mvuu kuti isagoneke.
Mvuu – nyama yoopsa, komanso pamtunda makamaka. Sitiyenera kulingaliridwa kuti mmanja mwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi amakhala atangokhala osathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe kake pamtunda nthawi zina kumafika 50 km / h. Kuphatikiza apo, amanyamula mosavuta thupi lake lalikulu ndikuchita zabwino.
Ndipo chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kupsa mtima kwakukulu kwa chirombo, munthu ali bwino osakumana naye. Chilombo chakutchire sichitha kungopondaponda nyama zamiyendo iwiri, komanso kudya nawo. Pakati pawo, izi zingwe zamtambo zimalimbana mosalekeza.
Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupha mwana m'chiuno, ngati siwake, koma mlendo. Mwa oimira nyama zamtchire, akwatibwi amtambo wakuda amasankha kuyang'anana ndi ming'alu, mikango, rhinos ndi njovu zokha.
Mvuu imatha kuthamanga mpaka 48 km / h
Mu gulu la mvuu, zomwe zitha kukhala makumi angapo mpaka zolinga zana, palinso nkhondo zosalekeza kuti mudziwe komwe akukhala pagulu laling'ono. Nthawi zambiri amuna ndi akazi amakhala osiyana. Pali amuna amodzimodzi omwe akuyenda okha.
Mu gulu losakanizika, abambo nthawi zambiri amangoyang'ana m'mbali, kuteteza atsikana ndi nyama zazing'ono, zomwe zili mkati mwa tsambali. Zamoyo zoterezi zimalumikizana pakati pawo ndi mawu amawu omwe amatuluka panja komanso pansi pa madzi.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zokugudubuza, zolira, zoyenda pamahatchi (mwina ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa mahatchi amtsinje), ndipo nthawi zina kubangula, komwe kumakhala koopsa pakati pa mvuu ndipo kumafalikira pafupifupi kilomita imodzi kuzungulira.
Chiyambi cha mvuu
Mpaka 1997, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mvuu ndi amodzi mwa abale a nkhumba wamba yoweta, yomwe ndi gawo wamba. Kuganiza kumeneku kunali kotengera mawonekedwe akunja a nyamayo, maonekedwe a thupi la kapangidwe ka mafupa ndi ziwalo zamkati. Kafukufuku wowzama adalola kutsutsa izi. Kafukufuku wazaka 10 zapitazo adawonetsa kuti mvuu zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi anamgumi. Monga umboni, asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:
- mvuu ndi anthu okhala ndi madzi oyera, mitundu ina ya nkhono zakale imangokhala m'madzi oyera, nkhono zimabereka ndikudyetsa ana m'madzi, mvuu zimachitanso zomwezo, zinangumi ndi mvuu zilibe tsitsi, kupatula setae zosafunikira pamutu ndi mchira, zibangiri kulumikizana pansi pamadzi mothandizidwa ndi phokoso lapadera, mvuu zimamveka ndipo motero kulumikizana, ma testu a chinsomba ndi mvuu yamphongo imakhala mkati mwa thupi.
Agogo a mvuu ocheperako anawonekera zaka 54 miliyoni zapitazo. Nyamayi imakhala munkhalango yamvula yamvula, ikakonda kukhala ndekha. Pafupifupi zaka 2,5 miliyoni zapitazo, mvuu wamba zinaoneka - zolengedwa zazikulu komanso zankhanza kwambiri zomwe zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. M'masiku akale, mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya nthumwi za Hippopotamus zidakhala ku Africa, koma pang'onopang'ono onse adafa. Chifukwa chophunzira nyama, akatswiri anali ndi mafunso ena, monga: mvuu wa artiodactyl kapena ayi, kodi mvuu zakale zinkadya zachilengedwe bwanji, mvuu zingati zinkakhala?
Mvuu kapena mvuu?
Mvuu ndi Mvuwu - kodi ndi nyama yomweyo, kapena ndi iwiri yosiyana? Funso la momwe mavu ndi mbewa zimasiyana zimadandaula ndi mibadwo yambiri ya anthu, ndipo yankho la funsoli liyenera kufunidwa, choyamba, mu kusagwirizana kwa malo ndi ndale.
Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Chi Greek mawu akuti "m'chiuno" amatembenuzidwa kuti "kavalo wamtsinje". Anali Agiriki omwe adagwiritsa ntchito liwulo poyamba pokhudzana ndi munthu wokhala kumbuyo waku Africa.
Nthawi yomweyo mchilankhulo cha Chiheberi pali mawu oti "mvuu", omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochulukitsa ndipo amatanthauzidwa kuti "nyama". Mawuwa adawonekera koyamba ku Russia kuzungulira theka lachiwiri la 18.
Azungu adazindikira kukula kwa kontinenti ya Africa pang'ono pakalepo ndipo adatcha nyama yomwe adayiwona - mvuu, oyimira dziko la Slavic omwe adafika ku Africa samadziwa kuti cholengedwa chomwe adawona chinali ndi dzina. Kuperewera kwa chidziwitso chofunikira kunatsogolera pakupezeka kwa mayina awiri a nyama yomweyo. Komanso, liwu loti "mvuu" limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi anthu okhala m'maiko a CIS, pomwe liwu loti "mvuu" limagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi Mvuu ndi kuperewera kwa mawu pawokha, palibe kusiyana pakati pa mvuu ndi Mvuu.
Mvuu kapena Hippo vulgaris
Mvuu kapena mvuu wamba (Hippopotamus amphibius). Nyama yayikulu, yotalika 5.5 mita kutalika ndi 1.7 metres. Mimba yayikulu imapumira pamiyendo yayifupi, kutalika kwake ndikochepa kwambiri kotero kuti poyenda nyama ikagwira pansi. Mwendo uliwonse umatha ndi zala zinayi zokhala ndi ziboda zokhazikika, pakati pake pali mbali zina zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti musambire bwino ndikukulepheretsani kuti musamire poyenda panthaka yodontha (kapangidwe ka miyendo ya m'chifuwa chocheperako ndichofanana).
Chigoba chimakhala chamkati, makutu ndi ochepa, mafoni, mphuno ndi yotakata, kumatira, maso ndi ang'ono, obisika pansi pa eyelids, koma amawoneka bwino. Mbali zonse ziwiri za mphuno pali zotupa za paini, zodziwika kwa amuna okhaokha. Pakamwa pamatseguka madigiri 150, pomwe m'lifupi mwake nsafika mita 0.7.
Mvuu ili ndi mano 36 - 6 kunja, 6 molars, 2 canine ndi 4 incisors. Mano adakutidwa ndi enamel wachikasu.
Makungu a amuna ndiwowoneka ngati chikwakwa ndipo amakhala ndi chingwe chachitali, chomwe chili pamwendo wapansi, amatha kutalika mpaka mamitala 0.6 ndi kulemera mpaka kilogalamu 3. Ngati chiweto chataya ma canine awiri pa nsagwada yapamwamba, ndiye kuti m'munsi umatha kutalika mita imodzi, kubaya mlomo ndi kupangitsa kuti kudya wamba kuchitike.
Mvuu kapena m'chiuno cha pygmy
Mvuu kapena pygmy m'chiuno (Hexaprotodon liberiensis), yotchedwanso "mwe-mwe" ndi "nigwe". Ili ndi mawonekedwe akunja kwa nthumwi yokulirapo ya mtundu, koma miyeso yaying'ono. Pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa mvuu, osaka bwino amazindikira, chifukwa cha zomwe nyama ili pafupi kuti ithe.
Miyendo ya m'chiuno mini ndi yayitali, khosi limawoneka bwino, mkamwa mumangokhala ma 1 a incisors (mu wamba alipo awiri). Kumbuyo kwa nyama kumakhala pang'ono, kutsogoloku, mphuno ndi maso ake sizimawonekera. Kutalika kwa thupi - 1.5-1.7 mita, kutalika - 0,8 metres. Madzi oteteza ku thupi amakhala ndi hui yapinki, pamavu ambiri wamba amakhala ofiira.
M'masiku akale, mitundu iwiri ya zinyama imakhala Padziko lapansi:
- Mvuu Antiquus. Amakhala ku Europe zaka zoposa 1 miliyoni zapitazo. Zinthu zakale zomwe zapezeka pansi pake zinapezeka m'gawo la Germany wamakono. Hexaprotodon harvardi. Zotsalira za mitundu iyi ya mvuu kuyambira zaka 7.5-5,6 miliyoni zapitazo. Nyamayi inali ngati mbadwa zake zamakono.
Mukamawerenga mitundu yamakono ya mvuu, mitundu ingapo ya 5 imasiyanitsidwa, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi malo ake, koma imakhala ndi deta yofananira:
- Hippopotamus amphibius amphibious Linnaeus, Hippopotamus kiboko Heller, Hippopotamus capensis Desmoulins, Hippopotamus tchadensis Schwarz, Hippopotamus constrictus Miller.
Kusiyana kwa ma genetic pakati pa subspecies atatu omwe atchulidwa adawululidwa mchaka cha 2005, kupezeka kwa mabizinesi awiriwa kumatsutsidwa.
Mosasamala mtundu wa mvuu, anthu onse amakhala ndi mchira wocheperako, mpaka mita 0.54. Pansi pake, ndi yozungulira komanso yolimba, koma kumapeto kwake imakhala lathyathyathya. Mabulosi ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka kumapeto kwa mchira. "Vibrissa" yophimba phokoso lalikulu la nyama ndi makutu, ilipo yaying'ono pammbali ndi pamimba.
Mtundu wa kumbuyo ndi imvi, bulauni, m'mimba, mutu ndi makutu ndi pinki.
Zatsopano zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso cha nyama zamapulaneti ndizosatheka kuti zithe kupeza kusiyana pakati pa kamvulu ndi mvuu wamba, koma wofufuzira wodziwa zambiri anganene kuti nyamazo zimakhala ndizofanana. Kusiyanaku kukuwonekera, kuyambira ndi malo okhala ndikutha ndi momwe ng'ombe imabadwira.
Kodi mvuu zimakhala kuti? Habitat
Mvuu zamasiku ano ndizochepa kwambiri, koma zaka 1 miliyoni zokha zapitazo nyama iyi idapezeka ku Europe ku Eurasia, Middle East, zisumbu za Kupro ndi Krete, komanso ku Madagaska (mitundu yocheperako) ndi ku England. Kutha kwa mvuu kuchokera ku gawo la ku Europe ndi zilumba kumalumikizidwa ndi kuyambika kwa nyengo yachisanu yomaliza mu nyengo ya Pleistocene. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo idakhala ku Palestina mpaka nthawi ya Iron Age, ndipo idasowa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa kokha munthawi yamakedzana. Mitundu yayikulu ya mvuu inapezeka ku Nile Delta ndi Upper Egypt, pamapeto pake zidasowa pokhapokha pofika m'zaka za zana la XIX.
Mvuu wamba kapena mvuu zimakhala ku Africa kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Mutha kukumana naye ku Kenya ndi Tanzania, ku Uganda, Zambia, Malawi ndi Mozambique. Chiwerengero cha mvuu m'maderawa chikufika 80,000. Nyama zimakhalanso ku West Africa, ziweto zawo zochepa zimatsala ku Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo. Nthawi yomweyo, osati nyama zokha zomwe zimawopsezedwa kuti ziwonongeke, komanso malo omwe mvuu zimakhala.
Mvuu zazimadzi zimakhalanso kumayiko aku Africa, zimapezeka ku Liberia, Republic of Guinea, Sierra Leone ndi Cote D'Ivoire.
Kukula kwa malo osungira ndi kuyera kwa madzi a nyamayi sikuti kumveka bwino, nyanja yaying'ono yamatope ndi yokwanira, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala udzu wakuda. Nyanjayi ikauma, mvuu zimasuntha kukafuna malo okhala. Amachita kwambiri kawirikawiri, koma panali zofunikira. Kusintha kwakutali ndikuvulaza nyamayo; khungu lake lakuda limafunikira kunyowa nthawi zonse ndimadzimadzi, kusakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali komwe kumatha kupha munthu.
Makhalidwe Okhazikika
Mtundu wa nyama zimatengera mitundu yake. Chifukwa chake, mvuu wamba ndi amodzi mwa anthu oopsa kwambiri ku Africa. Amakhala waukali, wokwiya msanga, safuna chifukwa cholozera. Kukangana kumawonetsedwa ndi amuna ndi akazi onse. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kulunjikitsidwa ku nyama zina komanso kwa anthu.
Ubongo wa mvuu ndiwakale kwambiri kotero kuti sungathe kusiyanitsa abwenzi ndi adani m'malo omwe umakhala, chifukwa nyama zomwe zimakonda kumenya nkhondo ndi mdani wamkulu kuposa mphamvu - thumbo ndipo njovu. Gawo lokhalamo iye ndi gawo lokhalo lamphongo, ndipo ana aang'ono kwa akazi. Pofuna kuwateteza, nyama zimawononga chilichonse chomwe zikuyenda. Nyama yokwiya kapena yochititsa mantha imathamanga liwiro la kilomita 30 mpaka 40 pa ola limodzi, chifukwa chake kuli bwino osakwiya ndi mvuu.
Kodi mvuu amadya chiyani?
Mvuu ndi nyama yayikulu, chifukwa funso loti mvuu zimadya, zomwe mvuu zimadya m'chilengedwe, ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zakudyazi zimaphatikizapo mitundu 27 ya zomera, yambiri imamera m'mphepete mwa madzi osungira. Nyama imakana kudya algae ndi zomera zina zam'madzi. Chifukwa cha nsagwada zamphamvu, nyamayo imatha kugwira udzuwo pafupi ndi maziko ake. Mvuu yayikulu imodzi ndi m'chiuno zimadya mpaka ma kilogalamu 70 a zobiriwira tsiku limodzi. Mimba, momwe mungathere kwa anthu otere, imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kudya mwachangu kawiri kuposa momwe njovu imabayira. Pankhaniyi, mvuu inali mwayi, chifukwa imafunikira chakudya chokwanira katatu.
Khalidwe la m'chiuno
Mvuu wamba ndi mvuu - nyama yankhumba. Chiwerengero cha anthu amodzi mu gulu lotere nthawi zambiri chimachokera ku 30 mpaka 200. Gulu lililonse limakhala la akazi ndi amuna, lotsogozedwa ndi amphamvu kwambiri.
Mtsogoleriyo amateteza ufulu wokhudzana ndewu polimbana ndi abale ake, kuphatikizapo mbadwa. Nkhondo zapakati pa amuna ndizankhanza kwambiri, wopambana amatha kuthamangitsa mdani wogonjetsedwa kwamakilomita ambiri. Nkhondo zambiri zimachitika m'madzi, chifukwa chake wamwamuna wofooka amakhala ndi mwayi wobisala, kulowa m'madzi akuya. Mosasamala kanthu kuti mdaniyo ndi wofooka kapena wamphamvu bwanji, amakhalabe oopsa pa moyo wa mvuu. Amuna omwe apambana nkhondoyi nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa cha mabala awo. Palibe amene anganeneretu kuti nkhondo itha bwanji.
Mvuu zazingwe m'chilengedwe zimasungidwa popanda wachibale. Amakonda kukhazikika payekhapayekha, kapena awiriawiri, zikhalidwe zazitsamba sizikupezeka, chiweto sichiteteza zinthu zake.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mvuu zimatha pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse m'madzi. Amatha kumira kwathunthu pansi yosungiramo ndipo amakhala opanda mpweya kwa mphindi 10. Mahippo nthawi zambiri amakhala azitsamba, koma moyo wawo umafanana kwambiri ndi momwe nyama zomwe zimadyera zikukhala. Izi zimawonekera posankha nthawi yakudya. Monga lamulo, nyama zimapita kukasaka msipu watsopano usiku. Khalidwe lachilendo lotere limalumikizidwa ndi kutentha kwa tsikulo, chifukwa chomwe mvuu imayenera kumizidwa m'madzi mphindi 20-30 zilizonse.
Nchiyani chikuwopseza mavu?
Mdani wamkulu wa mvuu ndi munthu akumusaka nyama, mafupa ndi khungu. Kwa mvuu zazing'ono zofooka, ng'ona ya Nile ndi mkango ndizowopsa. Mwana wamwamuna kapena wamkazi wamkulu woteteza mwana akhoza kupirira ngakhale ndi gulu la mikango, bola ngati nkhondoyi sichitika kutali ndi madzi. Sanasiyidwe, mwana wa m'chiuno amawukira ndi afisi, agalu achizungu ndi akambuku. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, 12 mpaka 50% ya nyama zazing'ono zimafa, pomwe zowopseza sizimachokera kwa zilombo zokha, komanso kwa abale awo. Mokwiyira kapena mwamantha, ng'ombeyo ikhoza kupondaponda khandalo.
Kufa kwakukulu kwa mvuu kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi anthrax wamba pakati pawo. Zotsatira za kudwala kotsatira komwe kudayamba mchaka cha 1987, anthu opitilira 21% omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Luangwa (Zambia) amwalira.
Kupezeka kosalekeza m'madzi akuda kumapangitsa kupezeka kwa matenda monga brucellosis ndi salmonellosis mu mvuu. Mu malo osungirako nyama, nyama zimawopsezedwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu, mwa nyama zazing'ono matumbo ndi ubongo zimayatsidwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa imakhudza thupi.
Kodi mvuu zimalemera zochuluka motani?
Akazi ndi amuna ochepera zaka 10 amakula zofanana. Kusiyana kwa kulemera kwa mvuu kumawonekera patapita zaka zina 2-3, sikofunikira, chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuwona kusiyana pakati pa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, kutengera mawonekedwe. Kulemera kwa thupi la mvuu kumachokera pa kilogalamu 185 mpaka 230 pamitundu yazing'ono. Unyinji wamba wa barrel woboola pakati pa mvuu ndi matoni 3-4. Poterepa, mutu wa nyamayo umalemera pafupifupi 1 tonne ndipo ndi 25% ya kulemera kwa thupi. Ngati funso loti kuchuluka kwa mvuu ndi lomwe limadetsa nkhawa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mukuyerekeza muyenera kulingalira trailer yonyamula miyala. Kulemera kwa nyamayi ndi 2 kapena ngakhale atatu a awa operekera.
Mvuu zowononga ndi mvuu wamba zimangokhala matupi amadzi oyera, kusamukira kwawo kupita kugombe sizodabwitsa, nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupukutidwa kwa madzi am'madzi. Palibenso zinthu zina zofunika kuti nyama izisungidwa kumalo osungira nyama, ndikwanira kuipatsa dziwe lalikulu komanso chakudya chokwanira. Amuna ndi a Sami omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta samachita zinthu monyanyira, chifukwa chosowa gawo lomenyera gawo.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za mvuu
Mvuu inali ndipo imakhalabe nyama yophunziridwa mosakwanira, mfundo zomwe zafotokozeredwa pansipa zidzalemba mavuto omwe ali m'magulu akumvetsetsa moyo wawo ndi machitidwe ake:
- M'chiuno amakula moyo wake wonse. Zovala zophimba kumaso kwake Kupezeka kwawo kumalola gawo ili la thupi kuthana ndi ntchito yake - kupopera ndowe. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nyama zimayang'anira dera lawo. Amadzichitira malo amodzi. M'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja zamchere, munthu amatha kuwona mapiri enieni a ndowe. Kutalika ndi kupingasa kwa phiri limodzi lotereli limatha kufika 1.8 ndi 2 metres, motsatana. Nkhani yoti mahipu ndi mankhwala a herbivore ndi nthano chabe yozindikira moyo wa anthu ochepa pabanja. Mvuu wamba ndizizilombo zowopsa zomwe zimakumana ndi anthu, kuphatikizaponso anthu. Anthu ambiri amafa ndi nsagwada zawo zamphamvu chaka chilichonse kuposa kuwombedwa ndi mikango, ziphuphu ndi mamba. Mvuu ilibe timinyewa ta sebaceous, chifukwa chake imayenera kuthera nthawi yambiri m'madzi. Dzuwa, thupi limataya madzi msanga, khungu limasweka, kukalamba limatseguka ndipo mabala atsopano amawoneka. Nthawi ndi nthawi, timagazi ta magazi ofanana ndi thukuta timawoneka pakhungu la mvuu. M'malo mwake, alibe chochita ndi magazi. Pakutentha kwambiri, thupi la nyamayo limatulutsa timadzi tokongola ta pinki timene timateteza khungu ku dzuwa lotentha ndipo nthawi yomweyo limagwira ngati antiseptic. Mothandizidwa ndi iye, mabala ambiri ndi ming'alu pakhungu la mvuu zimachira msanga. Mkaka wa mvuu ndi zoyera. Kudziwitsa kuti mvuu yaying'ono imadya mkaka wapinki motero imafikira m'mbali zazikuluzikulu zomwe ndi zabodza. Mtundu wa pinki umakhalapo, koma chifukwa chake umalumikizidwa ndi madzi apinki apadera omwe amaphimba khungu la mkazi. Akazi amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi yekha. Mphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe tsopano ndi malo okhala mvuu zomwe zimakwirira mitsinje yakuya komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha malo okhala pansi pa mitembo yolemera. Mvuu sizimawopa ng'ona, imagawana nawo malo okhala komanso imateteza zingwe zazing'ono. A Aborigine akuchitira umboni kuti Ng'ona achinyamata adakwera kumbuyo kwa mvuu kuti akapumule ndikuwapulumutsa kwa abale awo owopsa. Mvuu wamba ndi nyama yomwe imakhala usiku. Imakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, ikungotulutsa makutu ndi maso okha. Mafupa a mvuu ndi mafupa amakhala olimba kwambiri, mtengo wake umaposa mtengo wa njovu. Khungu la nyama yosankhidwa mwapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukutira miyala yamtengo wapatali. Hippos sakonda kuyenda, koma ngati kuli kotheka amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Chifukwa cha izi, pakati pa zaka zapitazi, munthu wina dzina lake Hubert, dzina lake Hubert, adadutsa pafupifupi ma kilomita 1600 kudera la South Africa. Ngati mvuu ili m'malo osungira madzi kwa nthawi yayitali (zaka 2-3), ndiye kuti izi zimakhudza chilengedwe. Kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba ndi anthu ena kumawonedwa. Mvuu zimalankhulirana, kwinaku zikulira. Ngati chiweto chofooka chikumana ndi champhamvu munjira yake, ndiye poyesa kupewa mikangano, chimatsitsa mutu wake motsika momwe zingathekere, ndikufotokozera.
Mvuu ndi artiodactyl yoopsa, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika konse, osayeneranso konse tsogolo lomwe munthu adawakonzera. Mu zaka 10 zapitazi zokha, mvuu zosachepera 10 000 zidawonongedwa ku Africa, ndipo poyerekeza ndi 1993 kuchuluka kwawo kudatsika ndi anthu 20,000. Mvuu yakutsogolo ili pafupi kuwonongedwa kwathunthu.
Kodi mvuu imalemera zochuluka motani?
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, unyinji wamphongo umachokera kutatu ndi theka mpaka matani anayi ndi theka. Amuna olemera matani atatu amapezeka, koma kulemera sikawonjezereka kuposa matani awiri.
Mitundu yake ndi yochititsa chidwi. Kutalika kwa 1.65 m, chilombo chimatha kutalika pafupifupi 5.5 m, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale nyama yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi (pamodzi ndi chipembere choyera) itadutsa njovu.
Kodi Mvuu imadyanji?
Mvuu ndi herbivore, koma imatha kudya nyama. Chakudya chachikulu ndi udzu wapansi ndi madzi. Zomera zam'madzi sizimadya. Kugwetsa udzu wokhala ndi milomo yolimba. Matumbo akulu kwambiri (60 metres) amakulolani kugaya bwino, kumeza chakudya.
Milandu yakuwukira nyama zina imadziwika. Ng'ombe, ankhwawa, ng'ombe zimatha kukhala zoponderezedwa, nthawi zambiri zowola, nyama zovulazidwa. Mvuu imatha kudya achibale awo omwe anamwalira.
Mitundu ya mvuu, ndizosiyana bwanji?
Padziko lapansi, kuwonjezera pa mvuu wamba, yomwe idakambidwa pamwambapa, palinso mtundu wina - mvuu ya pygmy, kapena mvuu. Ichi ndi nyama yachilendo, yangozi, yomwe idapezeka mu 1911.
Mvuu yakutsogolo ndiyofanana ndi yodziwika bwino, imakhala ndi moyo wofananira, koma pali zosiyana zingapo:
- Makulu ake ndiocheperako. Kutalika - mpaka 83 masentimita, kutalika - mpaka 177 cm.
- Kulemera - mpaka 275 kg.
- Thupi silikhala lolemera komanso lalikulu.
- Miyendo ndi yayitali.
- Mutu wocheperako, wamfupi.
- Khosi limatchulidwanso.
- Maso ndi mphuno sizimatuluka.
Mitundu ya mvuu imeneyi imakhala ndi moyo wamadzi. Ichi ndi chokha, osati choweta. Poyerekeza ndi wamba, mvuu yakumtambayi sikhala pafupi ndi madzi, vuto likatha kuthawira kunkhalango. Osakonda kuteteza zigawo zawo, osakhala achiwawa kwambiri.
Mosiyana ndi wachibale wake wamkulu, yemwe samanyalanyaza zovunda ndipo nthawi zina amasaka nyama zina, mvuu wam'madziyo amadya udzu, mphukira, ndi zipatso. Munjira yake ya moyo, chilengedwe, chilengedwe, kadyedwe, chirombo ichi ndi chofanana ndi South America tapir.
Hippos
Mvuu yodziwika ndi nyama zamtala, ndiko kuti, amuna amphongo amphongo ndi akazi angapo pagululo. Kukhwima kumachitika pazaka za 7.5 (zazikazi), zaka 9 (amuna). Nthawi yakukhwima imalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo nyengo, nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu February ndi August.
Mu gulu la mvuu, pali wamwamuna m'modzi yekha wotchuka, yemwe ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi akazi. Mwa malowa mumalimbana ndi amphongo ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha ndikumwalira kwa m'modzi mwa omwe atenga nawo mbali.
Mimba yaimayi imatenga miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Mwana asanabadwe, wamkazi amachotsedwa pakati pa gulu la ng'ombe. Akazi amabereka m'madzi, ngakhale milandu yakubala padziko lapansi imadziwika. Mwana akabadwa, mayiyo amamugwedeza pansi kuti asakhuthuke.
Mpaka ng'ombe yamphongo yolimba kudutsa kumtunda, mayiyo samadya kalikonse, amakhala pafupi. Kuchokera pagulu la ng'ombe, yaikazi ndi yaikazi imakhala masiku pafupifupi khumi. Amayi amadyetsa mkaka miyezi 18 yoyamba. Mwana amamwa mkaka pamtunda ndi m'madzi. Akazi amasamalira ana, m'busa ali pakati ndi ana, osalole amuna kulowa gawo lawo.
Mwachilengedwe, mvuu zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 40. Pali lingaliro kuti kukhala ndi moyo kumalumikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mano. Mvuu imamwalira patapita nthawi kuti ma molar atachotsedwa kale. Ali mu ukapolo, nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 50, mbiri ya moyo wautali - zaka 60.
Mvuu yazonyansa
Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe omwe ali muukapolo, iyi ndi nyama yonyansa yomwe imakhala yokhazikika. Nyama zimatha kutha msinkhu zikafika zaka 3-5, nyengo yakukhwima sizimadalira nthawi ya chaka. Mimba mu nyama imatha masiku 200, kubereka kokha pamtunda. Mwana wakhanda wolemera makilogalamu 4.5 mpaka 6, ayamba kuyenda molawirira, amaphunzira kusambira nthawi yayitali. Mkaka wa amayi umadyetsedwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira.
Kutalika kwa moyo kwa mvuu zazifupi ndi kufupikirapo kuposa masiku, ndi zaka 35 (ali mu ukapolo).
Mosiyana ndi njovu, ndulu, mvuu ku Europe zinafika mochedwa. Mvuu yoyamba ndi Obaish, yomwe alendo ku London Zoo adawona koyamba mu 1850. Ngakhale patapita nthawi, mvuu zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka zidapezeka, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Tsopano mvuu wamba zimapezeka m'malo osungirako nyama, zoberekera ku ukapolo, ngakhale zochepa. Zowonera m'malo osungira nyama zimatha kuwonedwa nthawi zambiri.
Pofuna kukonzanso, mumafunikira ndege yowuluka ndi dziwe lotseguka, pomwe nyamayo imamiza kwathunthu, ndikuchokera komwe. Mapampu amafunikira kuti asinthe madzi. Pakakhala nyengo yozizira, chipinda chotenthetsera chimafunika.
Muukapolo, nyama zimadyetsedwa udzu, udzu, zipatso zatsopano, masamba. Chakudya ichi chimaphunzitsidwa bwino kuyambira ubwana. Hippos safuna chakumwa chakumwa payekha, amamwa madzi padziwe, koma chitha kukhala chofunikira ngati madziwo atakhala odetsedwa kwambiri.
Vuto lalikulu ndi kukonzanso ndikuyika gawo mu ndowe. Khomalo limamangidwanso kuti ateteze alendo.
Mankhwalawa m'chiuno, jakisoni ndi vuto lalikulu. Malo okha omwe syringe imabaya khungu ndi malo omwe amakhala mchira. Nthawi zina, mumafunika singano yomwe ingaboole khungu lakuda.
Pomaliza
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi, mvuu zinkakhala ku Africa konse, tsopano zimapezeka kokha pakati ndi kumwera kwa kontinenti. Chiwerengero chikuchepera.
Mdani wamkulu wa mvuu ndi munthu. Amasaka nyama pofuna kudya nyama yokoma, zikopa zolimba. Anzanu nthawi zambiri amapha nyama izi pofuna kuwononga minda. Choopsa chachikulu ku mvuu ndi chakuti asodzi akuwafunafuna mano awo. Zotsika zamtengo wapatalizi ndizotsata njovu zokha, ndizosavuta kuyipeza. Mokulira, kuchuluka kwa nyama kumakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe: malo okhala mitsinje, kupangira madamu, kuthilira.
M'madera ena, kuchuluka kwa mvuu kwa zaka makumi ambiri kunatsika ndi 10-30. Tsopano chiwerengero chawo chili pafupifupi 150,000. Zinthu zoyipa ndizaziphuphu zazing'ono. Ngati posachedwapa chiwerengero chawo sichinafike 3,000, tsopano chatsika mpaka chikwi chimodzi. Mwina mtsogolomo nyama izi zitha kuwoneka mu zoo. Ntchito ya munthu ndikupulumutsa nyama.
Kodi pali chiyani pakati pa mvuu ndi mvuu?
Dzinalo Lachilatini la mvuu lidabwerekedwa kuchokera ku Chigriki chakale, kutanthauza kuti Hippopotamus amatanthauza "kavalo wamtsinje". Hippos adalandira dzinali chifukwa chakuti amakhala m'mitsinje ndikupanga mawu ofanana ndi kukwera pamahatchi. M'mayiko a CIS ndi Russia, dzina la "Hippopotamus" adatengedwa, lotengedwa kuchokera m'buku la Yobu ndikuwonetsa chiwanda cha zilako lako zathupi. Chifukwa chake, nyama yomweyo imatchedwa maina awiri. Mvuu ndi mvuu ndi zofanana.
Kodi mvuu imakhala kuti?
Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zambiri imakhala m'madzi, nthawi zina amabwera kudzadya. M'mbuyomu, panali mvuu zambiri, anthu ambiri anali ku Africa ndi Mesopotamia. Nyengo isanachitike, kunalinso zina mwa zolengedwa izi m'chipululu cha Sahara. Ku Greece wakale, nyama zinkakhalanso ku North West Africa, komwe mayiko a Moroko ndi Algeria tsopano amapezeka. Ku Egypt kale kunalinso mvuu zomwe zinkakhala ku Delta ya Nile. Kutha kwathunthu kwa mvuu ku Egypt kunayambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1800.
Mawonekedwe
Nyama izi zimakhala ndi maonekedwe achilendo, kotero kuwasokoneza ndi nyama zina ndizosatheka. Amangokhala ndi thupi lalikulu looneka ngati mbiya, ndipo amangocheperako pang'ono ndi njovu. Izi zapadera za artiodactyl zimakula moyo wawo wonse. Dziwani kuti zaka 10 zakubadwa, zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimakhala ndi kulemera kofanana, ngakhale kuti nthawi imeneyi imatenga nthawi yayitali, popeza abambo amayamba kulemera ndipo pambuyo pazaka zochepa amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa akazi.
Thupi lalikulu limabzalidwa pamiyendo yochepa, kotero poyenda pamimba imatha kufika padziko lapansi. Mwendo uliwonse umatha ndi zala zinayi, pomwe ziboda zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Pali timankhwala pakati pa chala chilichonse, chomwe chimathandiza kuti nyamayo imve bwino m'madzi. Mchira wa mvuu, pafupi theka la mita, ndi wokulirapo m'munsi mwake ndipo pafupifupi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwake, pomwe ukuzungulira ndikuzungulira pang'onopang'ono. Kapangidwe kam mchira wake umathandiza kuti nyama ziziyamwa ndowe zawo mtunda wautali. Chifukwa chake, mvuu zimawonetsa zomwe ali nazo.
Chosangalatsa kudziwa! Mutu wa nyamayi umangokulirapo, chifukwa imatenga 25 peresenti ya kulemera konse kwa thupi, ndipo izi ndi pafupifupi tani imodzi.Ngati mukuyang'ana mu mbiri. Mutuwo umakhala pafupi ndimakona, koma kutsogolo kutsogolo. Makutu ndi ochepa, koma amakhala ndi kusuntha kwapadera. Mphuno yake ndi yotakata, ndipo maso ndi ocheperako ndipo akuwoneka kuti amaikidwa m'maso amiyendo ya nyamayo. Makutu a mvuu, mphuno ndi maso zimakhala zokwezeka ndipo zimakhala pafupifupi pamzere.
Chifukwa cha momwe ziwalo zimapangidwira, mvuu imatha kumiza m'madzi pafupifupi, koma maso, makutu ndi mphuno zimatsalira pansi pamadzi. Mvuu zachimuna zimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi zazikazi ndi zotupa zapadera zozungulira zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi mphuno, mbali imodzi ndi inzake. Kutupa kotero sikanthu koma maziko a mafangasi akulu. Akazi okalamba kale, atatha zaka 10 moyo, ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi amuna.
Titha kunena kuti phokoso la m'chiuno limakhala lotalikirapo komanso lopanda chithaphwi lalifupi komanso lolimba. Mvuu ikatsegula pakamwa pake, imapanga kachulukidwe kamadongosolo a madigiri 150, pomwe m'lifupi mwake pakamwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 65. Mvuu wamba imakhala ndi mano 36 ophimbidwa ndi enamel wachikasu.
Nsagwada iliyonse ili ndi zida 6 zozungulira, mano asanu ndi limodzi asanapangidwe, komanso ma fangala awiri ndi zofunikira zina zinayi. Amuna, ma fangi amapangidwa makamaka komanso lakuthwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mawonekedwe a chikwakwa komanso thunzi lalitali kwambiri. Pang'onopang'ono, mafangawo amawerama chammbuyo. Mwa anthu ena, kutalika kwa canine ndi pafupifupi 60 cm, ndi kulemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 3.
Zodabwitsa za nyama zoterezi zimagona chifukwa zimakhala ndi khungu lowonda kwambiri, ngakhale kuti pafupi ndi mchira silikhala lambiri ngati thupi lonse. Kumbuyo kwa nyama kumakhala ndi imvi kapena mowuma, ndipo m'mimba, mkati mwa makutu ndi maso, mumakhala utoto wofiirira. Nyama imasiyidwa tsitsi konse, ngakhale tsitsi laling'ono kwambiri limamera mchira ndi makutu.
Mfundo yofunika! Mpweya wamtundu wa Hippo ulinso wapadera, popeza samapumira mpweya wopitilira 5 mphindi imodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, ikadzamira, imatha kupumira pansi pa madzi pafupifupi mphindi 10.
Kumbali ndi pamimba, tsitsi limakulanso, koma ndizochepa kwambiri. Mchiuno mulibe zotulutsa thukuta la thumbo ndi thukuta, koma pali tiziwalo timene timakhala pachikopa tokha. Pakakhala kotentha kwambiri, khungu la nyamayo limakutidwa ndi mtundu wina wapadera wa ubweya wofiirira, womwe umateteza m'chiuno kuzilombo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza magazi.
Zochita ndi moyo
Hippos amakonda kutsogola gulu la ziweto, motero magulu awo akhoza kukhala angapo angapo. Tsiku lonse nyama izi zili m'madzi, koma ndikayamba kwamdima zimapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Ntchito ya akazi kusamalira ziweto, koma anyani amuna ndiamphamvu poteteza gulu lonse.
Amuna mwa chikhalidwe chawo amakhala ankhanza kwambiri ndipo atafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri akuwonetsa mkwiyo wawo kwa achibale ena, makamaka amuna. Kuti achite izi, amawapukuta ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe, komanso kupukusa, ndikutsegula pakamwa pawo ndikufuula kopusa.
Poyang'ana koyamba, nyamazo zimayenda pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono, koma zimatha kuthamanga mpaka 30 km / h, choncho munthu sangakhale wothawa kwa iye. Nyimbo zikuluzikulu zomwe amapanga ndi zokutira kwanyimbo kapena kong'ung'udza, monga kuthamanga kwa hatchi. Mahipu oonda, monga chizindikiro cha kugonjera kwa anthu amphamvu, amatsitsa mitu yawo. Amuna achikulire amateteza dera lawo mwachidwi. Amalemba mayendedwe awo nthawi zonse ndikuyang'anira malowa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ndi mvuu zingati zomwe zimakhala
Malinga ndi asayansi, moyo wa nyama zam'madzi zakutchirewu ndi zaka zopitilira 4. Nthawi yomweyo, ali akapolo, amatha kufikira zaka 50, kapena kupitirira apo.
Monga lamulo, chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo mwachindunji chimatengera kuchuluka kwa abrasion a molars. Mvuu ikalibe mano, zitatha izi sizikhala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Malo okhala zachilengedwe
Monga lamulo, mvuu wamba imasankha matupi amadzi abwino kuti ichite, ndipo nthawi zina imawoneka m'madzi am'nyanja. Imakhala kwambiri ku Africa, ndipo imakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamadzi amayiko monga Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia ndi Mozambique. Kuphatikiza apo, amapezeka m'madzi a matupi osiyanasiyana am'madzi a mayiko ena omwe ali kumwera kwa Sahara.
Malo okhala mvuu zomwe zatha ku Europe zidafalikira kudera lomwe kuli pakati pa Iberian Peninsula ndi Briteni Isles, komanso m'chigwa cha Rhine. Mvuu zazingwe zidayimira Krete nthawi ya Pleistocene, pomwe mahipu amakono amakhala ku Africa kokha, kuphatikizapo mayiko monga Liberia, Republic of Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, ndi Republic of Côte D'Ivoire.
Adani achilengedwe a mvuu
Nyama zikuluzikulu komanso zamphamvu izi sizikhala ndi adani ambiri mwachilengedwe, koma mikango ndi ng’ona za Nile zimabweretsa ngozi yapadera. Dziwani kuti wamwamuna wamkulu amatha kupirira gulu lonse la ziweto zazikulu.
Izi ndizofunikira makamaka poyerekeza ndi zazikazi zomwe zimateteza ana awo. Kuwonetsa wankhanza komanso mphamvu zowoneka bwino, wamkazi amatha kuteteza ana ake ngakhale mikango ingapo. Monga lamulo, mvuu zimavutikira zikakhala pamtunda, kutali ndi malo osungira.
Chifukwa chakuwonera kwa nthawi yayitali, zidapezeka kuti mvuu ndi ng'ona kwenikweni sizimagwirizana ndipo zimagwirizana mwamtendere m'malo ena osungirako. Kuphatikiza apo, onse pamodzi amatha kuthamangitsa mdani kutali ndi nkhonya, ndipo mvuu zazikazi zimatha kusiya ana awo motsogozedwa ndi ng'ona, zomwe zimatha kuwateteza ku mikango ndi mikango. Ngakhale izi zilipo, pali milandu ina pomwe mvuu zimawonetsa nkhanza kwambiri kwa ng'ona, ndipo iwonso amatha kudya mvuu yatsopano, komanso yodwala kapena yovulala.
Chofunikira! Ngakhale kuti mvuu zimapezekabe zachilengedwe monga amkhola, zimawonedwanso kukhala zowopsa kwambiri. Amagwira anthu pafupipafupi kuposa olusa monga mikango ndi nyalugwe.
Mvuu yomwe yangobadwa kumene, komanso yaying'ono ndi yofooka, imayimira nyama zosaka ming'alu, mikango, njuchi, agalu ndi agalu, ngakhale atasiyidwa osayang'anira nthawi yochepa. Mvuu zazikuluzikulu zimawopseza achichepere, chifukwa zimatha kuwapondeleza.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Masiku ano, m'malo a chilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa mvuu ndizochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale theka la zaka zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi, makamaka m'malo omwe amatetezedwa ndi anthu, sizinachititse kuti pakhale nkhawa. Ngakhale ziyenera kudziwika kuti kunja kwa madera otetezedwa, mkhalidwewo unali wosiyana kotheratu ndipo anthu okhala m'chiuno akucheperachepera. Chifukwa chake, zochitika zonse zikuipiraipira.
Vuto ndiloti:
- Nyama ya m'chiuno imadyedwa, izi zimachitika chifukwa ndizoponda, koma zopatsa thanzi. Pankhani imeneyi, mvuu ndi njira yopezera ndalama za anthu ambiri ku Africa.
- Khungu la m'chiuno, ngati limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera, limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawilo akupunthira omwe amathandizira kukonzanso miyala yayitali kwambiri.
- Mafupa a m'chiuno amadziwika kuti ndi olimba komanso ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Mtengo wa mafupa a mvuu ndiwokwera kuposa mtengo waminyanga.
- Hippos, monga nyama zina zambiri za ku Africa. Chofunika kwambiri kusaka kwanyama.
Ku Africa, zaka 10 zapitazo, malinga ndi asayansi, anthu pafupifupi 100,000 mpaka 10,000 adakhalako, zomwe zidatsimikiziridwa ndi gulu lapadera la ofufuza a IUCN.
Masiku ano, mvuu zochuluka zabalalika m'chigawo chachikulu cha South ndi East Africa, kuphatikiza maiko monga Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Malawi ndi Mozambique. Ma Hippos amatha kuteteza "nyama zomwe zitha kutetezedwa." M'mafuko ena okhala ku Africa, mvuu ndi nyama yopatulika, motero kuwasaka ndikulamulidwa.
Kuchokera pamoyo wa mvuu: zozizwitsa zodabwitsa
Choyamba, kuti nyama izi zimaganiziridwa moyenerera ngati nyama zowopsa kwambiri zaku Africa ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi yomweyo. Tsoka ilo, izi ndizofunikira pokhudzana ndi iwo omwe omwe akufuna kuyesa kuwopseza mavu, popeza sangathe kulimbana nawo amtundu uliwonse. Ingoyesani kulowerera m'malo okhalamo ndipo mutha kudandaula kwambiri. Izi zimadziwika kwa "oyandikana nawo" a mvuu, chifukwa chake amamulemekeza, ndipo aliyense amene sachita izi, amayesetsabe kuzungulira nyamazo, monga akunenera, "10th Road." Nkhani yonseyi, mvuu imakhala ndi mikhalidwe yotere yomwe ngakhale munthu atha kumchitira kaduka.
Malinga ndi ambiri, mvuu imatha kufaniziridwa ndi nkhonya yolemetsa yolemetsa. Ichi ndi nyama yodekha, yowoneka ngati yosalala komanso yowoneka bwino, pomwe yofowoka pang'ono komanso yosapsa mtima, yomwe palibe mdani. Samakhumudwitsa ana, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kuthandiza. Nyama imakhala ndi zonse: nyumbayo, banja, komanso kutukuka, chifukwa chake ndizosayanja mlendo. Koma, ngati pali "gopniks" kapena omwe akufuna kuseweretsa mvuu, adzanong'oneza bondo, chifukwa mvuu mu mkwiyo ndi nyama yowopsa yomwe ikhoza kuluma mosavuta ng'ona ya Nile mu theka.
Mahipi si nyama zamphamvu zokha, komanso ndi ochenjera komanso achikuda. Pali milandu yodziwika pamene mkango udawomba mvuu yomwe imangodya pagombe la chosungira. Mwambiri, anali ndi njala kwambiri ndipo china chake chinabwera kuchokera ku ubongo wake chifukwa cha izi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mikango imayesetsa kusakhudza mvuu. Zochita za m'chiuno zinali zapadera: adamugwira wolakwayo "m'khosi mwa khosi", monga momwe amanenera, ndipo adamukokera iye mu dziwe, momwe mwakuya, akumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi mphamvu kuti amenyane ndi wolakwayo.
Mlandu wachiwiri umasonyezanso kuti mvuu ndi nyama zanzeru. Mvuu ikapuma mumtsinje, adaukiridwa ndi shaki, pafupifupi mita 2. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya shaki ndi yankhanza kwambiri. Pokhala mu madzi, shaki ya hering'i imasukira aliyense amene akumana nayo panjira yake. Ngati mkango, mvuu ikakoka madziwo m'madzi, ndiye kuti ndi shaki inachita zosiyana ndi izi: imakokera chilombo champhamvuchi kumtunda ndikuyipondaponda.
Chidziwitso choterechi ndi umboni kuti zolengedwa izi sizongolimbitsa thupi, koma ubongo woganiza.
Mutha kukhulupilira kuti mvuu ndi nyama zowopsa ndikuwombera anthu, koma pali umboni kuti nyamayi siyikuyandikira poyamba. Ambiri anayenda m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nailo kwamakilomita makumi ambiri ndipo anadabwa kuti nthawi imeneyo mvuu zambiri zinali kubisala mumtsinje. Ngakhale mutakhala m'boti, mumatha kusambira kudutsa mvuu osazindikira, ndipo zikutheka bwanji kupezeka mu nyanja ya zinyalala yomwe mtsinjewu umanyamula, maso ndi mphuno za nyamayo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nyama zimayeserera kukulitsa chakudya pamalo osungira, kuti zisapite patali kukafuna chakudya. Chifukwa cha izi, banja lililonse limachepetsa malowo, nyama nthawi zonse zimatenga manyowa ndi ndowe zawo. Kuti “feteleza” agawanidwe moyenerana pamundawo “,” mvuu imakhota mchira wake ngati wopanga. Ndi kuchoka kotero, cholengedwa chamoyo "m'mundamo "cho chimakula ngati kudumpha ndi malire, kotero kuyenda chabe sikumveka.
Mwa njira, akazi, ndikusankha bwenzi logonana nawo, samalani ndi momwe wamwamuna amapotozera mchira wake, akumwaza “feteleza”.