Kukula kwa mpheta mpaka kufa ndi nyenyezi (kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 20 cm, kulemera mpaka 25 g). Mutu, tsekwe ndi chifuwa ndi ofiira owoneka bwino, kumbuyo, mchira ndi mapiko ndi ofiira, pamimba pake ndi pinki. Zachikazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira, m'mimba ndizopepuka kuposa kumbuyo. Lilime lamphamvu lolimba.

Imakhala m'malo otseguka okhala ndi zitsamba, m'mbali mwa nkhalango, mitsinje yamadzi komanso ngakhale maudzu aatali. Amakonzekeretsa malo okhala ndi nthenga zazingwe za shrubby. Chisa chimakonzekera kutalika kwa kukula kwa anthu (nthawi zina kutsika) kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 3 m, pamtunda wa zitsamba. Chisa chotseguka chopangidwa ndi chikho chimakhala ndi zimayambira ndipo chimakhala ndi udzu, mizu ndi ubweya. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, mkazi amaikira mazira 3-6, otuwa ndi bulawuni wakuda, ndikuwatentha kwa masiku 12-16. Yaimuna idamudyetsa iye ndi anapiye, popeza wamkazi amakhalanso nawo sabata loyamba atanyamula.

Amadya chakudya chomera - mbewu za herbaceous ndi mitengo yake, zipatso, ndipo nthawi zina amadya tizilombo.

Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ma lentel amapereka pamaso pawo nyimbo yokhala ngati azizimba, yomwe imakhala yotchedwa "twist-saw" (ndi kufunsira mafunso) kapena "tiyu-ty-tu".

Kufotokozera kwa mbalame

Mitundu ya mphodza imagwirizanitsa mitundu 22 ya mbalame za banja. Onsewa amasiyanitsidwa ndi nyimbo zosangalatsa zopatsa chidwi komanso kuchuluka kwa amuna. Ma lore amatchedwanso "mpheta zofiira", makamaka chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo. Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amalemera pafupifupi 80 g, kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 18 cm, mapiko, pafupifupi, masentimita 20-25. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna. Mtundu wowonjezereka wa mphodza wazimuna ndi wolemera mopindika: mutu wofiirira ndi khosi zimasanduka pinki yowala kumbuyo ndi pamimba, ndipo mapiko ndi mchira wake ndi zofiirira. Koma zazikazi ndi zazikazi zazing'ono zimadzitamandira kukongola kwake, tsoka, sizingatero. Nthenga zawo zonse zimapakidwa mu azitona ndimtundu wa bulawuni. Malenti amphongo amalandirira zovala zawo pokhapokha potsatira ulusi wachiwiri.

Chachikulu cha mphodza

Mbalame zachikulire molt palibe kale kuposa pakati pa Ogasiti. Ana achichepere amatenga ma plamu ofiira pambuyo poti fumbi lachifumu layamba. Pambuyo yophukira yophukira, ma plumage akuluakulu mu mphodza zikuluzikulu amakhala ndi mawu okuya komanso wolemera. Chapakatikati, mtundu wa cholembera umakhala wowala komanso wowoneka bwino.

Akasungidwa, nthenga zamisomali zimayamba kumapeto kwa Julayi ndipo zimatha kumapeto kwa Seputembala.

Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe

Mbalame ya lentil yomwe ili pachithunzichi imawoneka ngati mpheta yopota ndi nthenga. Kwenikweni, dzina lake lachiwiri ndi mpheta yofiyira. Zowonadi, kukula kwake ndizoyandikira kwambiri ndi izi zomwe zili ndi utoto, komanso ndizogwirizana ndi dongosolo la passerines. Koma mtundu wake ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Mtundu wakale kwambiri: wogonana wolimba koposa wazaka zitatu amawoneka wokongola kwambiri, wanyonga.

Mtundu wa maula ndi wokulira pinki ndi tint yofiirira, kolala yozizira pachifuwa imawonekera bwino kwambiri. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba ndizotuwa zapinki, pansi pa manja komanso pansi pa mchira waminthenga yopepuka. Pansi pa nape, utoto umakhala pang'onopang'ono, kudutsa kumbuyo ndi mapiko kale mawonekedwe a chokoleti chokhala ndi mkombero wamkaka mozungulira m'mphepete. Wamphongo wamwamuna wamkulu, wowoneka bwino ngati “chovala” chake: mthunzi wa tumphuka pang'onopang'ono umadzazidwa ndi "msuzi" wa chitumbuwa kapena rasipiberi.

Pa mbalame zazing'onozi kusiyana pakati pa kugonana kwamphamvu ndi kofooka kumadziwika bwino. Malenti achikazi samakhala wowala mwanjira zawo. Maonekedwe ake ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri. Chovalachi ndi imvi-chestnut mu utoto wokhala ndi nampescript swamp hue, nthenga za ocher pamimba.

Pali mapiko owala pamapiko. Achichepere ali pafupi kwambiri ndi akazi, ndiye kuti utoto wake ndi wowoneka bwino komanso wakuda. Amalandira chovala chokongola posintha nthenga kawiri, m'mawu ena, pambuyo pa molt wachiwiri. Thupi la mbalameyo limatha, mutu ndiwowoneka bwino. Mlomo ndi wocheperako, koma wokulirapo komanso wamphamvu, wopindika pang'ono.

Mitundu ya mphodza zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimasiyana

Mchirawo ndi wautali wa 7cm popanda kupendekeka kosasunthika, mapiko nawonso ndi afupiafupi, mpaka masentimita 8-9 mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi 75-83 g. Amuna achikulire ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Kuyimba nyimbo zopatsa chidwi, zogwirizana komanso zokondweretsa khutu la nyimbo, zomwe mbalameyi imalemekezedwa moyenerera ndi onse okonda zovala zapamwamba.

Mbalamezi ndi gawo limodzi la banja la ndalama, zamtengo wapatali za Carduelis. Kuyimba kopitilira muyeso ndichinthu chawo chachikulu, ndichopezeka mwa pafupifupi oimira onse. Mitundu ingapo ya lenti (ndipo pali 22) ali ndi mitundu ndi kukula, kuwonjezera apo, amatha kugawidwa ndi malo okhala:

• Makina - utoto wodziwika bwino kwambiri,

Mitundu itatu imakhala ku North America:

• Mphodza zaku Mexico - kapangidwe kake amtunduwu ndikuphatikiza mitundu yopitilira 10. Chikhalidwe cha onse ndi mchira wowongoka kumapeto (wopanda wokudula kumphepete) ndi mulomo wooneka ngati chitsotso wokutidwa pansi. Ojambulidwa mu burgundy ndi maonekedwe ofiira, mapiko opindika, toracotta yokhala ndi yoyera,

• Zisoti zofiira - kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli kape "karmolka", ena onse ali pafupi ndi mphodza wamba,

• Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga - thupi ndi lotuwa pinki, mapiko ali opaka utoto ndi mizere yoyera, m'mphepete mwa utoto wa chokoleti, mulomo ulinso ndi mbali za nthenga zopepuka,

Zonena zonse ndi nzika zaku Asia:

• Ma lentulo apinki - osati mbalame yosamukira. Amakhala ku Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan) komanso ku Tien Shan.

• Juniper mphodza kapena pinki yaying'ono (yomwe idaganiziridwa kale), imagawana gawo ndi wachibale wapitalo. Chovala chachimuna chamtundu wa sitiroberi chimakongoletsedwa ndi zilembo za siliva pamasaya ndi pamphumi. Atsikana ndi akazi achichepere amakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira za khofi wokhala ndi masipi otsekemera. Mtunduwu ndi wokulirapo kuposa "mpheta", komanso mchira wautali.

• Pale (Sinai) mphodza - nthenga zachimuna ndizopaka kofiirira komanso pinki, zachikazi komanso achinyamata ali ndi nthenga zachikaso zowoneka bwino, kumaso kwake kumada. Imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro za Yorodano.

• Kubwereketsa mphodza zazikulu - zoona, zokulirapo kuposa mitundu ina, thupi limaposa 20 cm, mapiko ndi 10 cm kapena kuposerapo.Colimba kukula osati mpheta, koma kwa wakuda kapena nyenyezi. Ziwawa ndizotapira, nthenga ndizitali. Mbiri yanthawi zonse ya manambala ndi ofiira, ofiira, okhala ndi ngale. Pamutu pali kachitsotso kakang'ono. Mulinso ma subspecies atatu - Caucasian, Mongolia ndi Central Asia. Kuchokera mayina mutha kumvetsetsa komwe amakhala.

Mverani mawu a mphodza zazikulu

• Ma lent-ofiira - amakhala ku Himalayas, Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa utoto wofiirira wofiirira.

• Chingwe chofiira (thanthwe mphodza- - amakhala kumtunda kwambiri, mpaka 3000 m, kumapiri apakati pa Asia. Wamphongo pamwamba pa mchira amakhala ndi nthenga za rasipiberi komanso manambala ofiirira kumutu ndi m'khosi. Kamvekedwe kazikulu ndi imvi. Zachikazi, monga nthawi zonse, ndizocheperapo pang'ono - nthenga zawo ndi imvi zakuda, ndipo kuwala kwake kumakhala kubiriwira mchira.

• Ma Leberi a ku Siberia - zikuwonekeratu kuti amakhala ku Siberia, kumadera ake akum'mawa ndi pakati. Mumtunduwu, zazikazi zimapakidwa utoto wapinki, ndipo anyani, nawonso amakhala owala, mawonekedwe amitundu yayitali ya fuchsia (wandiweyani wapinki wokhala ndi lilac hue). Amakhala ndi mapangidwe amiyala pamapiko amdima ndi kumbuyo, pamutu ndi nthenga za gover zakuthambo zam'mawa (zapinki zapinki),

• Mphete Zitatu - Yokhazikika m'nkhalango zowala za paini kumadzulo kwa China. Mtundu wake ndi wolemera komanso wowala kuposa kuvomerezeka ngati muyezo.

• Beaver lentils, chosiyanitsa ndi makina owoneka ngati "eyebr" pamwamba pamaso. Amakhala ku Himalayas, kumalire a Afghanistan ndi Pakistan, kumadzulo kwa China. Amakonda malo am'mapiri, kuyambira 2400 m kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi.

Mitundu yonse ya mphodza wazinthu zambiri ndizofanana.

• Mvinje wofiira wavinyo (mphesa zinanyamuka). Chimakhala munkhalango zotentha za ku Nepal ndi China. Utoto ukhoza kufotokozedwa kuti "mtundu wa Ma Cahors wandiweyani." Pa mapiko pali mthunzi wa "vinyo wokhala ndi sinamoni", ndi masamba oyera oyera ngati masamba a kokonati.

• Alpine mphodza - adasankha kukhazikika kwa Tibet ndi Himalayas. Chachikulu kuposa abale awo. Ziwawa zili pafupi ndi muyezo.

• Makina Achizungu - nthenga zofiira-zaimphongo zazimuna "zazimuna," amakhala kumapiri a Himalayan.

• Kuwaza ma lent - ma lentulo ambiri amakhala ndi masamba a imvi, pinki ndi ofiira, mumtunduwu amadziwika kwambiri. Miyoyo m'dera la Indo-Malayan (gawo la South ndi Southeast Asia)

• Ma lent lentilo - mlomo ndi wocheperapo kuposa woyimira wamba, bere limakhala lakuda. Amakhala kumpoto kwa India ndi China.

• Lentil Blanford - maonekedwe a nthenga ali pafupi ndi akale, amakhala ku India, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan.

• Makina a Roborovsky - Kuvina kwa bomba la ku Tibetani, malo okhala - India, China, Nepal, mapiri,

Makina

Nyengo yakukuswana mu mphodza zikuluzikulu imayamba mu theka lachiwiri la February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Kusakaniza mbalame kumawonetsedwa mu mayendedwe achilendo. Wamphongo amakakamira mwamphamvu mutuwo, ndikugwetsa mapiko ake, ndikufotokozera mchira wake ndikutembenukira kumbali, ndikukupiza mapiko ake.

Pakulipiritsa, kusuntha konse kwa amuna kumakhala ndi kuyimba mokweza.

Moyo & Habitat

Madera okongoletsa makamaka ndi Central ndi Central Asia, kuphatikiza Siberia ndi Urals, komanso Eastern Europe ndi North America. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwaona m'dera la Anadyr, pachilumba cha Sakhalin komanso Kamchatka. Pakufalikira kwa dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union, lopaka utoto limapezeka kulikonse, kupatula Moldova ndi Transcarpathia. Ili ndi madera ambiri a India, China, Afghanistan, Iran, ndi Caucasus.

Mbalamezi zimawulukira nthawi yozizira kumwera kwa Asia. Koma pakati pawo pali mitundu yomwe siziwuluka kulikonse nthawi yozizira ndikukhalabe m'malo mwake. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'malo otentha. Amatha kuuluka mtunda wautali, ngakhale amakhala ochepa. Mutha kuwaona mwadzidzidzi ku Malta, kapena ku Sweden, komanso kumpoto kwa Holland.

Nthawi zambiri amasamukira pagulu laling'ono. Amasonkhana nthawi yozizira kuchokera kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ndipo amabwerera mochedwa, kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena Meyi. Pofuna kukola chisa, sankhani zitsamba zowirira pamdambo kapena malo okhala m'nkhalango. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame yotere pamphepete mwa mtsinje, pakamwa pa mtsinje, m'manda osiyidwa kapena m'minda yakale. Ena amakhala kumapiri.

Lenti akukhala Kumene kuli masamba owonda ndi madzi. Amakhala otsekeka. Pakangokhala nthawi yocheperako pokhapokha pomwe amatha kuimba, kuyankhula, ndi nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala mwachinsinsi kwambiri. Kuyenda yozizira kumachitika mosadukiza, popeza zoweta zawo sizambiri.

Ndegeyo imathamanga komanso yosalala. Pansi amayenda ang'ono kudumphadumpha. Mosamala kwambiri komanso mwachangu mumayendedwe okhathamira, kumamatira kuma nthambi ndi zikhadabo, kupondaponda ndi kugumuka. Kwa iwo omwe ati akadzipangira mbalamezi, tikulimbikitsa kuti aziwayika chipinda (kakhola kapena kanyumba) ndi nsalu yopepuka, amanyazi kwambiri.

Maola a masana ayenera kukhala osachepera maola khumi, kotero khungu liyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti silikhala kutali ndi zenera. Ndipo nthawi yozizira mumafunika kuwala kowonjezera. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mbalame imodzi kapena ziwiri za izo. Koma ziyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, zimatha kumenyana komanso kukangana ndi mitundu ina. Atazolowera malo atsopano, amatha kubereka mu ukapolo.

Kufalikira mu chilengedwe

Mitundu ya mphodza ndizofala kwambiri kumitunda yonse ya ku Eurasia. Komanso, mbalameyi imapezeka ku North America. Malo omwe mumapezeka chisa chake nthawi zambiri ndi malo otseguka: ma mayadhi ndi nkhalango zowala zopezeka pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mbalame nthawi zambiri imabisala m'nkhokwe zowirira kwambiri, komwe kumamveka kuyimba kwake kosangalatsa.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Kutengera ndi mtunduwu, mphodza zimakhala moyo wawo m'malo omwe amakhala ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo. Pafupipafupi, amapezeka m'mitsinje ya mitsinje yokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono.

Kuyimba Kwama mbalame kugunda kumva kwa munthu ndi nyimbo yake komanso kukhoza kusintha kwakukulu kwamphamvu. Nyimbo zomwe amapanga zimatikumbutsa za "tyu-viti," "iwe-viti-saw," ndi zina zotero.

Mverani mbalame za mphodza zikuimba

Amakhala moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka amakhala pamtengo wa mitengo ndi mitengo, potero amathawa adani awo omwe amawasaka. Adani akuluakulu a mbalamezi ndi akambuku, makoswe, amphaka ndi njoka.

Mitundu yambiri ya mbalamezi imasamukira ndipo nthawi yozizira imasamukira kumadera akumwera komwe amakhala. Mitundu ina (makamaka mitundu yam'mwera yakum'mwera) imakhazikika.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Zakudya zamasamba ndizomwe zimadya. Amasenda nthangala zazing'ono zam'miyendo ndi maambulera, komanso ma buttercups ndi sedges. Makolo amadyetsa anapiye ndi mbewu za clove udzu. Puloteni, mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi nsikidzi zazing'ono, mbozi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

Zipatso, makamaka mbalame zokhazikika, chitumbuwa, mabulosi akutchire ndi hawthorn zimakonda kwambiri. Komanso buckthorn, honeysuckle ndi viburnum. Kuphatikizidwa kwa chakudya kumawonetsedwa ndi malo ndi nyengo. Chapakatikati ndi masamba, mitengo ya msondodzi, ndiye nthawi ya mbewu, tizilombo.

Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mbewu, chakudya chimakhala chodzala chokha; mbewu zosiyidwa ndi mabango zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa njira, mbalamezo zimawadya nthawi yozizira. Ngati minda ya oat ili pafupi ndi nesting, mbalame amazitula, ndikukhomera ma oats pansi.

Mukakhala akapolo, muyenera kuwadyetsa ndi zosakaniza zazing'ono, mbewu za zitsamba ndi mbewu zomwe mumazidziwa, komanso zipatso zomwe mumakonda. Mutha kupatsa masamba osakanizidwa ndi zipatso, zitsamba. Nthawi zonse pakhale madzi akumwa.

Kuvuta kwa zomwe zili pamalopo ndikuti chifukwa cha chakudya chosankhidwa bwino, amasiya nthenga, mpaka dazi, ndipo nthenga zatsopano sizingaoneke. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda kunenepa kwambiri, simungathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso.

Zojambula Zambiri Zisanu

Makina ndi mbalame yamtundu umodzi. Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, amawuluka kuchokera kumadera akumwera kupita kumadera akumwera kwa Asia. Nthawi zonse amawuluka kudutsa ku Siberia, ndikupanga zozungulira, ndikubwerera momwemo. Ndiye chifukwa chake mu April, mphodza zimangowoneka pafupi ndi Meyi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kukhala zisa.

Adani achilengedwe akuvina

Chithunzi: Kuvina ngati wapampopi

Chodabwitsa, akatswiri a zojambula zam'madzi sanadziwikebe kuti ndi ndani kwenikweni mdani wa zovina yaying'ono yamtchire kuthengo. Pali malingaliro chabe pamulingo uwu. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amakhulupirira kuti mbalame yaying'onoyo ili ndi adani okwanira.

Zimapulumutsa mbalame mwamphamvu, kuthamanga ndi luso lochotsa zisa zawo. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira chisa cha mpopi, chimabisala patchire lambiri kwambiri kapena mumtengo wam'munsi. Mbalame sizimawulukira m'makola mwawo, mwachiwonekere, amawopa zilombo zazitali zokhala ndi mbewa.

Malinga ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, asayansi amawona adani avina zovina ngati:

• amphaka wamba
• oimira banja la ofera,
• mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama

Cunyas ukukwera mitengo bwino, chifukwa chake imatha kuwononga nesting ya kuvina kwa tap, nyama sizimakonda kusangalala ndi anapiye okha, komanso mazira a mbalame. Rosette omwe amakhala m'mizinda kapena pafupi ndi malo ena okhala anthu amatha kuvutika ndi amphaka wamba omwe amakonda kusaka mbalame. Mbalamezi ndizosatetezeka kwambiri nthawi yozizira, zikauluka pafupi ndi anthu kuti zizidyetse, chifukwa nthawi yozizira zimatha kukhala zovuta kwa ana.

Zachidziwikire, munthu amathanso kukhala mdani wa mbalamezi, yemwe, pogwira ntchito yake mosatopa, amalowererapo zinthu zachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana zofuna zake, kusamutsa mbalame kuchokera malo osungika, kudula m'nkhalango ndikuwononga zovuta zachilengedwe chonse, zomwe zimakhudza moyipa mbalame.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Pambuyo yozizira, amabwerera kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo muyambe kumanga chisa. Mbalizi mbalame monogamous, maanja adapangidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Amakhala owona kwa wina ndi mnzake, wamkazi amakhala pafupi ndi chibwenzi chake. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusamvana kwawo, nthawi iliyonse yamphongo imayenera kuteteza chiwembu chake ndi theka lake.

Molimba mtima komanso modzipereka amakankhira osankhidwa ndi gawo la anthu ena. Pakadali pano, mnzake amapanga chisa. Mwamuna ali kunkhondo, mkazi amalimbitsa banja. Chisa chimamangidwa kuchokera hafu ya mita mpaka mamita awiri pamwamba pa nthaka. Nthawi zambiri malo amasankhidwa omwe siofanira mbalame zina.

Mwachitsanzo, atha kukonzekera malo omangira m'magulu a nthambi zazing'ono ("ufiti"), kapena pakati pamaudzu akuluakulu. Amapangidwa kuchokera masamba, udzu, udzu, mphukira wopindika, mizu ndi zina zofunikira. Kapangidwe kamene kamakhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 16 cm kamawoneka kopanda pake, kotayirira, malekezero akulu akulu amatuluka mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Choyambitsidwa ndi chomera cha fuzz kapena moss. Palibe nthenga pachisa, zimasiyana bwanji ndi zisa za mbalame zina. Nthawi yochezerayo imadziwika ndi "makonsati" ambiri amphongo, panthawi ino amalankhula ndikuimba kwambiri, ndikuuluka kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi.

Komanso, atatsala pang'ono kusisima, woimbayo amakonzekera - nthenga nthenga, akukulitsa, atakhala pamtengo, natukula chifuwa chake - ndipo nyimbo yotsekeredwa idatsanulidwa. Lentil Voice pakadali pano, ikung'ung'udza ndikugudubuza matayala; zitha kuwoneka kuti kholoyo ndiwokondwa kubwerako kuchokera nthawi yozizira, kuti ikapangire chisa chatsopano ndi ana omwe akuyembekezeka.

Nthawi zina, amakhala okongola komanso amakonda kukhala chete. M'nyengo yotentha, kupendekera kumodzi kumapangidwa, momwe mazira osaposa 6 amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri: utoto kapena wobiriwira pang'ono ndi utoto wakuda, wofiirira kapena wamakala. Pamapeto pake, izi ndizovala ngati whisk.

Kukula kwa mazira kumayambira 19 * 13 mpaka 22 * ​​16 mm, kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame. Wamkazi m'modzi amawakwatula, ndipo patatha theka la mwezi anapiyewo. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana awo. Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa nthawiyo, ndiye kuti kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June mutha kupeza kumanga kwathunthu, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, anapiye amawoneka zisa, ndipo kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Julayi, kuchoka kunyumba ya makolo kumayambira.

Mwa njira, ndizosavuta kupeza chisa, mbalame zachikulire sizokhazikika komanso zamanyazi, zimawuluka kuchokera kumalo omwe zili pachiwopsezo, ndikuyamba kuwuluka mosavutikira. Koma kupita kwa iye sikophweka. Tiyenera kulimbana ndi nkhwangwa komanso maula, ndikuloweka mchithaphwi, ngakhale kuwonetsetsa kuti nthambi sizivulaza nkhope.

Lentil bird Nest yokhala ndi Clutch

Anapiye atatha kuuluka, makolo ake amayamba kukhala moyo wabata komanso wofatsa. Nyimbo sizimveka, amayesera kukhala pamthunzi. Pali malingaliro akuti tchuthi chonse cha moyo ndikupanga ana.

Makolo "amakhala" miyezi yotentha, yokonzekera nyengo yozizira (anthu osamukasamuka). Pakadali pano, zisa ndizovuta kudziwa, pokhapokha nthawi zina mumatha kumva kuyitanira kwa achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri, malenti amakhala zaka 7-8, ndipo ali mu ukapolo, komanso ali ndi zabwino, mpaka zaka 12.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Pazonse, mtundu wa lenti umaphatikizapo mitundu 22.

Mitundu ya mphodza imakhala ndi zina zowonjezera, koma, choyambirira, zimasiyana m'malo awo. Ambiri aiwo amakhala kumadera osiyanasiyana ku Asia. Koma pali zosiyana. Chifukwa chake, ma lentilo wamba ndianthu okhala ku Europe. Mabelo aku Mexico amapezeka ku North America.

Kubwereketsa mphodza zazikulu

Mabelo akuluakulu, malinga ndi dzina lawo, ndi akulu kuposa achibale awo: kutalika kwa mbalameyo ndi 20 cm kapena kupitirira, kutalika kwa mapiko ndi masentimita 10. Ndiye kuti, ngati mphodza wamba zimakhala zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mpheta, ndiye kuti mphodza zikuluzikulu zimafanana ndi thrush kapena nyenyezi. Zowonjezerazo zimasiyananso - kutentha thupi komanso kutalika kwa siliva pazithunzi zofiirira, pang'ono pang'ono zimawoneka pamutu wa mbalameyo. Ma subspecies atatu - ma Caucasian, Mongolia ndi Central Asia akuluakulu - amakhala kumadera osiyanasiyana ku Asia, malinga ndi mayina.

Mphete Zitatu

Mabwalo atatu okhala ndi miyendo itatu amakhala kumadera akumadzulo a China, m'nkhalango zowala kwambiri. Ziwandazo ndi zakuda komanso zolemera kuposa za mphodza wamba.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali:

• mphodza,
• mandala ofiira,
• nsapato za m'mapiri,
• mphodza wokongola
• mphodza wofiyira,
• mphodza wofiyira,
• mphodza zofiirira
• mphodza zingwe,
• mphodza zing'onozing'ono,
• Malonda a Blanford
• mphodza za Roborovsky,
• mphodza m'mbuyo.

Kuswana kunyumba

Kuti mukhale ndi mphodza, mumafunikira khola lalikulu, lomwe lili pamalo abwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndiyambe mbalame imodzi kapena zingapo za iwo, koma ndibwino kuti tisazisunge pamodzi ndi mbalame zina, chifukwa zimakhala ndi mikangano.

Poyamba, kunyumba, mphodza zimatha kukhala amanyazi komanso kupuma. Zikatero, khungu limakutidwa ndi minofu yowala. Mbalamezi zikafika kunyumba kwawo, zimatha kubereka anapiye.

Pachilonda chimodzi, mphodza nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mazira osakwana 5 okhala ndi timawonekedwe tofiirira. Akazi amawaswa kwa milungu iwiri, ndipo anapiyewo amakula pafupifupi masiku 20.

Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo wa mphodza imatha zaka 8, ndipo imatha kufikira zaka 10-12.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu za Lentil

Lenti kwenikweni sapezeka m'minda kapena m'nkhalango zowirira. Amakonda malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja, mitsinje yokhala ndi nkhalango zowala zosaphika. Mbalame zimakhala m'matanthwe otsetsereka, otsetsereka ndi malo okhala ndi mitengo yayitali, yokhala ndi malo otsetsereka, okhala ndi mwala wamiyala ndi talus, komanso malo ang'onoang'ono a nkhalango zachitsamba ndi mitengo yopanda matanthwe. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimadyetsa m'zigwa za kumapiri a mapiri kupyola mitsinje yomwe ili ndi zitsamba.

M'nyengo yozizira, mphodza zazikulu zimasamukira kumapiri a mitsinje yamapiri, ndikusankha nkhalango za mabulosi.

Kudyetsa

Popeza mphodza ndi mbalame zomwe zimadya tirigu, zimalimbikitsidwa kudyetsedwa ndi mbewu zamphesa, mbewu za mitengo ndi zitsamba, tizinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso masamba. Chithandizo chenicheni cha mphodza ndi zipatso za mbalame chitumbuwa, mlombwa ndi katondo. Komanso, mbalame zimafunikira madzi akumwa ambiri. Pofuna kupewa kuwonda kwambiri m'malengeni, ndibwino kuti mudye pang'ono pang'ono.

Zochititsa chidwi:

• mphodza ndi mbalame zodziwika bwino. Pambuyo pakutsamira, zazikazi zimamanga chisa ndi kusaka mazira, ndipo yamphongo imamupezera chakudya ndi anapiye.
• zovuta za lentel zimadziwika - zimayanjana moyipa ndi mbalame zina kunyumba, ndipo mwa chilengedwe abambo amakonzekera ndewu zenizeni
• Kunyumba, mphodza zimakonda kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa zimadya mosavuta, chifukwa chake amalangiza mbalame zochepa,
• Kusungunuka ndi chikhalidwe cha mphodza, motero kunyumba ndikofunikira kuti azisamalira nthawi yawo masana (osachepera maola 10 masana patsiku) ndikukhalabe ndi chakudya choyenera.

Zosangalatsa

Kupeza chisa cha lentili ndikosavuta - mwamunayo amasangalatsa mnzake pomuyimba "titivititin". Pofuna kumvetsetsa mawu oti "lentil," mbalamezo zinkatchedwa dzinalo. Kuphatikiza apo, pokhapokha nthawi yopanga ndi kupanga ma nesting, mutha kudziwa ndi kumva mbalame zofiira. Nthawi zina, amakhala moyo wopanda phokoso.

Lenti amapembedza mbalame chitumbuwa ndi shrimp - pambuyo pawo nthawi zambiri zimawulukira m'mapaki, kukatola mitengo ku mabulosi omaliza.

nightingale ofiira - malongosoledwe, malo okhala, mfundo zosangalatsa

Maonekedwe ndi malo okhala

Lentils (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus) ndi mbalame yaing'onoting'ono kuchokera ku banja labwino kwambiri, dongosolo la Passeriformes. Kutengera mitundu mbalame ya mphodza amakhala ku Asia, North America ndi Europe.

Asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ndi masanjidwe amtunduwu, zazikulu zimaperekedwa pansipa:

• Ma lent-red-zisoti (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus cassinii) - malo okhala ku North America,

• Mbalizi mbalame (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus erythrinus kapena Carpodacus) - malo omwe ali kumwera kwa Eurasia, kusamukira kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia nyengo yachisanu,

• Ma juniper (kapena juniper) (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus rhodochlamys) - amakhala kumapiri a Central ndi Central Asia, amapezekanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Altai. Pali mitundu itatu:

Mu chithunzi juniper

• Ma lentulo apinki (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus rhodochlamys grandis) - khalani m'mapiri a Tien Shan, mpaka malo ochepa m'munsi mwa Altai, kum'mawa kwa Afghanistan ndi Himalayas. Pali mitundu iwiri:

1. Carpodacus rhodochlamys rhodochlamys,

2. Carpodacus rhodochlamys grandis,

• Mabelo a ku Mexico (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus mexicanus kapena Haemorhous mexicanus) - malo omwe amapezeka ndi North America (Mexico, USA ndi kumwera kwa Canada). Pali mitundu yambiri.

• Ndibwino kuti mukubwezera (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus nipalensis),
• Ma lentelular (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus eos),
• Ma lentle okongola (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus pulcherrimus) - gawo lalikulu ndi Himalayas,
• Red finch (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus puniceus kapena Pyrrhospiza punicea) ndi mtundu wosowa womwe umakhala ku Central Asia kumtunda kumapiri,
• Malenti apulasitiki (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus aimureus) - amakhala kumayiko aku North America,
• Mabaelo ofiira a vin (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus vinaceus),
• Ma lent-ofiira ofiira (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus rodochrous) - mbalameyi yasankha malo okwera a Himalayan kuti ikhale malo ake,
• Ma lentilo atatu-amiyala (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus trifasciatus),
• Ma spils owala (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus rodopeplus),
• Ma lentulo akale (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus synoicus),
• Lentil Blanford (wa ku Latin Carpodacus rubescens),
• Lentils of Roborovsky (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus roborowskii kapena Carpodacus Kozlowia roborowskii) - malo okhala - alpine Tibet (wopitilira mamitala 4,000 pamlingo wamadzi),
• Lentils Edward (waku Latin Carpodacus edwardsii),
• Mabelo a ku Siberian (ochokera ku Latin Carpodacus roseus) - malo okhala mapiri a taiga aku Eastern ndi Central Siberia,
• Mbalame yayikulu mphodza (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus rubicilla) - amakhala m'malo akuluakulu a Central ndi Central Asia, Caucasus ndi Altai. Ali ndi mbiri:

1. Mphodza zikuluzikulu za Caucasus (rubicilla),
2. Nthano zikuluzikulu za ku Mongolia (kobdensis),
3. Nthano zazikulu zaku Central Asia (severtzovi),
4. diabolicus,

• Belobrovy lentils (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus thura),

• Alpine lentils (kuchokera ku Latin Carpodacus rubicilloides) - amakhala m'mapiri atali kwambiri ngati Tibet ndi Himalayas,

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mbalame imalowetsedwa ndi mithunzi yofiira ndi yapinki m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, makamaka mutu, khosi ndi bere. Amuna amakhala motley kwambiri poyerekeza ndi akazi. Kusiyana kwamitundu ndi mitundu kumawonedwa mosavuta chithunzi cha mbalame za mphodza.

Kukula kwa mitundu iyi ya nyimbo ndizocheperako, mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi mtembo woposa mpheta. Mitundu yofanana ndi mphodza zazikulu ndi zam'mapiri ndi zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa abale awo m'banjamo, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumafika 20 cm kapena kupitirira.

Macaw parrot

Lentil Range

Makina - mbalame yosamukira. Mitundu yogawa kwake ndi yotakata. Awa makamaka ndi Siberia, Central ndi Central Asia, ndi Eastern Europe. Kudera la USSR yakale, mbalame imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse (kupatula Transcarpathia ndi Moldova). Makina ali ku Urals, ndi Shugor, ndi Ust-Tsilma. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza mbalame m'malire a nkhalango zakumpoto, ku Anadyr Territory, Sakhalin ndi Kamchatka.

Malonda amakhala ku China, Afghanistan, Iran, ndi Caucasus. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale ali ndi gawo, munthu amatha kuwona imaphwanya mitundu ingapo ya mphodza:

• kuchokera Transcarpathia kupita ku Bessarabia m'malire a steppe Ukraine.
• Pakati pa Volga ndi Don.
• Gawo lakummawa la mapiri a Tien Shan.

Makina sakhala mu:

• Central Asia (m'madera ake achipululu).
• Southeast Altai.
• Mongolia.

Amatha kuuluka mtunda wautali. Ngakhale ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, mbalameyo imatha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Amadziwika mdera la Sweden, Malta, Holland, monga malo ozizira nthawi yachisanu, amakonda dera la India komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China. Izi zimasiyanitsa ndi ndalama zina, popeza banjalo limazungulira m'dera lathu.

Komwe kumakhala

Mbalame yofiirayi idachokera ku Siberia, koma pomaliza idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo tsopano ili ndi malo abwino. Midzi ku China ndi Korea, kumapiri a Afghanistan, Caucasus, Iran, Central ndi Central Asia. M'magawo omwe kale anali Soviet Union, amagawidwa pafupifupi m'malo onse, kupatula Moldova ndi Transcarpathia. Pali oimira ma lentel ku Siberia, madera akumpoto (Murmansk, Magadan, Sakha-Yakutia), kummawa kwa Russia amagawidwa ku Kamchatka, Chukotka ndi Sakhalin.

Ma loni amakonda kunyowa mozungulira ndikukhazikika komwe kumakhala chinyezi chambiri. Nthawi zambiri, amasankha malo okuta madzi osefukira, pomwe tchire limakula kwambiri, koma amatha kukhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Imawonedwa nthawi zonse m'minda ndi m'manda. M'malo a mapiri, khalani m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'misipu ndi m'madzi osefukira, m'madambo.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Ma loni ndi mbalame zabwino kwambiri. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amadya nthangala za zitsamba zakuthengo ndi mitengo. Amakonda, mwachitsanzo, nthangala za dandelion. Amaberekanso zipatso, nthawi zina tizilombo. Kunyumba, kudya sikwabwino, koma kudya kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, kunenepa kwambiri.

Juniper mphodza

Ndizofala ku Kazakhstan, mtundu wamphongo umasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okongola a pinki okhala ndi zikwatu zasiliva pamasaya ndi pamphumi. Nthenga zachikazi ndi zazimuna zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira zakumaso. Malenje a juniper ndiakulu kuposa mphodza wamba ndipo amakhala ndi mchira wautali.

Chingwe chofiira

Mtunduwu umadziwikanso ngati miyala ya mwala, chifukwa umangopezeka m'mapiri okha ku Central Asia pamtunda wamamita 3000. Wamphongo amakhala ndi tayeti yofiirira komanso mutu wofiyira komanso khosi. Chachikazi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kavalidwe kakang'ono ka bulauni ndi tart yobiriwira.

Amuna ndi akazi: kusiyana kwakukulu

Kuyerekeza kugonana mu lentils kumatchulidwa kwambiri. Amphongo amatha kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi maula ofiira ofiira, makamaka owoneka bwino m'mutu ndi m'khosi. Koma zazikazi zimawoneka zowoneka bwino - mitundu yawo imasiyanasiyana kutuwa mpaka imvi.

Zomwe mphodza zikuyimba

Kuimba mphodza ndizosangalatsa komanso zopatsa chidwi, zomwe zimayamikiridwa ndi akatswiri ojambula nyimbo. M'mapulogalamu ake osakhazikika, mawu akuti "Vitya anawona" akumveka bwino, ndipo mawu a nyimboyo amafanana ndi dzina la mbalameyo "che-che-vi-tsa". Amphongo achimuna omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri amayimba panthawiyi, ndipo nthawi yonseyo mbalamezo zimakhala mwamtendere komanso modekha.

Nesting ndi kuswana

Lenti makamaka amakonda kukhala pawekha, amakhala m'magulu awiriwa nthawi yokhazikika. Zina monga mating zimachitika: anyani amakwera kwambiri pamtengowo, amawonetsa zovala zawo, kuwombera nthenga ndi nthenga zotulutsa, kuyimba mokweza ndipo kwanthawi yayitali, kuyesera kupitilira mdaniyo ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe amkazi. Nthawi zina mikangano pakati pa adani imabuka, ikatha popanda kuvulaza mdani. Mapeto, mzimayi amawona momwe gululi likuyambira kapena pansi amatenga chisankho.

Akakhwima, wamkazi amafufuza malo a chisa, ndipo onse awiri amamanga nyumba nyengo yotsatira. Monga lamulo, malowa ndi mtengo kapena mtundu wina wamtchire. Komanso, zazikazi zimatha kusankha chomera pomwe mbalame zina sizikhala chisa - mwachitsanzo, mumkhonde. Nyumbayo imapangidwa kotsika kwambiri kuchokera pansi, nthawi zambiri - chinyumba ndi bokosi lamoto. Kupanga nyumba zouma chaka chatha, masamba a udzu, mapesi a chimanga ndi mbewu zina zomwe zikumera pafupi ndizinthu zomangira. Matayala amachitika mosasamala (masamba a udzu ndi nthambi zammbali zonse), chimawoneka ngati kapu yozungulira masentimita 16 mpaka 20. Pansi pansi panali ena ndi anthu ena pansi, nthenga, zidutswa za ubweya, masamba a udzu ndi mizu.

Malo osungunuka okha nthawi yachilimwe imayamba mu June (ngakhale kum'mwera, kotentha kumatha kuchitika mu Meyi). Yaikazi imayikira mazira atatu kapena 6 okhala ndi chipolopolo chokhala ndi mabulangete amtundu wa 18- mamilimita kutalika. Yaikazi imachita zodzitchinjiriza, yamphongo, pakadali pano, imabweretsa chakudya, imateteza chisa ndi chibwenzi kwa alendo osakhudzidwa ndikuyimba nyimbo.

Pambuyo pa masiku 12 mpaka 15, anapiye amatsekemera, ndipo kuyimba kumayima - mphamvu zonse zimaperekedwa kudyetsa ana. Ndipo poyamba bambo okha ndiwo amadya - mayi amapezanso mphamvu. Kenako amayamba kusamalira ana. Makolo amabweretsa tizilombo, nsomba za m'madzi ndi oats ngati chakudya. Ana ali pafupi ndi makolo awo kwa masiku 15, ndiye amapita kuphiko ndikuyamba kukhala payokha.

Zomwe zimakhala

Monga mawonekedwe a mphodza amakonda kusuntha nthawi yayitali. Koma anthu omwe amasankha zodyera madera akumwera amakhala ndi chizolowezi chomakhala.Ndikosavuta kudziwa malire a malo oswana, popeza sianthu onse omwe ali ndi chisa. Fikani mochedwa. Nthawi zambiri, kusamuka kumachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso zaka eyiti m'mwezi wa Meyi.

Mbalame nthawi zambiri imasamukira pamagulu ochepa a anthu khumi ndi asanu. Gulu la anthu opitirira 50 nthawi zina limawonedwa. Kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala, mphodza zimayamba kusamuka nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zambiri, amawalozera kum'mwera, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi Asia.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Zonse pali mitundu inayi ya lenti - Zovala zofiira, zabwinobwino, zapinki komanso zoyipa. Onsewa ali ndi kusiyana pang'ono kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake. Mawonekedwe onse kukula kakang'ono (osatinso mpheta).

Akazi ndi otumbululuka, am'mimba opepuka kuposa msana komanso nthenga zofiirira. Achinyamata ndi ofanana mtundu wa akazi. Amuna okongola. Amakhala ndi mchira, mapiko ndi kumbuyo, ndipo mutu wawo ndi chifuwa zake ndi zofiira kwambiri. Mimba ndi yapinki. Mwa oimira ena amtunduwu, chifuwa chimakhalanso cha pinki. Mtundu wowala kwambiri umapangitsa kuti mbalamezi zizindikire.

Habitat

Mbalame iliyonse imasankha osati nyengo yokhayo, komanso chilengedwe. Zosankha wamba - madambo onyowa ndi tchire. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kupezeka mu mipanda, manda, minda. M'mayiko akumapiri, amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, zilumba, ndi mapiri. Mu nkhalango, zitsamba ndi malo owirira.

Lentil zakudya lili ndi malo azomera. Amadya makamaka nthangala za zomera monga buttercups, fox sedge, maambulera ndi nyemba. Nthochi zimadyetsedwa ndi nthangala za stellate. Monga gwero la mapuloteni, makolo amawapezera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi mbozi komanso tating'ono.