Ma Velociraptor ndi ma protoceratops ndi amodzi mwazinthu zosavuta kwambiri za "mlenje ndi nyama" pakati pa dinosaurs. Mu 1971, akatswiri opanga ma paleont omwe amagwira ntchito ku Chipululu cha Gobi anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mwayi. Adapeza mafupa a ma dinosaurs awiri - velociraptor ndi ma protoceratops - nyama yolusa ndi nyama yake, ikuphatana. | Velociraptor ndi ma protoceratops pankhondo yankhondo
Zambiri zamapangidwe amthupi
Oimira okhazikika kwambiri a maoma a dromaeosaurids anali ndi mapangidwe opanga bwino kwambiri, koma ambiri banjali amakhala pafupi ndi mbalame. Ma Velociraptors anali amodzi mwa opanga maDromaeosaurids ndipo sanali ofanana kwambiri ndi mbalame, komabe mu 2007, akatswiri azithunzi zakale zingapo apeza kupezeka kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha zilala pamatumbo a ma dinosaur, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti nthenga za mu Velociraptor. Kwa nthawi yayitali, dinosaur imeneyi inkawonedwa kuti ndi magazi ozizira, koma kukhalapo kwa nthenga kumatanthauza kukhudzika kwa magazi a zolengedwa izi.
Nyali
Mchira wa Velociraptor chifukwa chakutuluka kwa bony kuchokera kumtunda, komwe kumayang'anitsidwa ndi ma vertebrae 4-10, komanso ma tendons ofunikira kuchokera pansi sanali osinthika kwambiri, izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale bata pakadutsa ma bend pomwe ikuyenda kuthamanga kwambiri. Kutsogolo kwa dinosaur kunali zala zitatu, zokhala ndi mikondo yakuthwa yomwe inagwira womenyedwayo ndi chida chakupha. Ziwalo zam'mbuyo zinali ndi zala zinai, chimodzi mwa izo chinali ndi mpango wakuthwa ngati chikwakwa. Pothamanga, zavr idakweza zala izi kuti zisaipitse chida chake chakufa.
Nkhani yopezeka
Mabwinja a Velocirapotra adapezeka pamalo a Bain-Dzak, Southern Mongolia, ku Cenomanian, Dzhadokhta Fform. Kupeza kumeneku kunachitika pa Ogasiti 11, 1923 ndi a Peter Kaisen pomaliza ntchito yawo ku American Paleontological Museum kupita ku Gobi Desert. Zotsalira za nyamazo ndi chigoba chokwanira ndi chigaza ndi chigaza chomwe chinawonongeka pang'ono.
Mu 1924, izi zidafotokozedwa ndi a Henry Osborne, nadzatcha izo Ovoraptor djadochtari, Pambuyo pake dinosaur adasandutsidwanso Velociraptor mongoliensis.Kuyambira mu 1988 mpaka 1990, paulendo wina wolowa nawo limodzi ku Sino-Canada, adapeza mabwinja a velociraptor kumpoto kwa China. Asayansi aku America adabwereranso ku Mongolia mchaka cha 1990, ndipo gulu lankhondo logwirizana la Mongol-America kupita ku Gobi, lotsogozedwa ndi American Museum of Natural History ndi ku Georgia Academy of Science, adapeza mafupa angapo osungidwa bwino. Mmodzi mwa zitsanzozi adatchedwa gulu la Norell "Ichabodcraniosaurus" chifukwa chitsanzo chomwe chidapezeka sichinali chigaza (lingaliro la Washington Irving Ichabod Crane). Mtunduwu ungakhale wa mitundu ya Velociraptor monohales.Mu 1999, chigaza cha Velociraptor wina, Velociraptor osmolskae, chinapezeka ku China ku Gobi Desert. Zafotokozedwa mu nkhani yamalonda mu 2008.Panthawi ya Cold War, maulendo a asayansi aku Soviet and Poland, mogwirizana ndi anzawo ku Mongolia, adapeza zochulukirapo zingapo za Velociraptor. Wodziwika kwambiri ndi gawo la zida zodziwika bwino za "Battle dinosaurs" zomwe gulu la Poland-Mongolian linatulutsa mu 1971. Ili ndi nkhondo ya Velociraptor yokhala ndi Protoceratops. Nyama zinafa pakati pa nkhondo kuyambira pakugwa mwadzidzidzi kwa dune la mchenga (onani chithunzi patsamba la gallery). Chifanizochi chimadziwika kuti ndi chuma cha dziko la Mongolia. Mu 2000, adalemba ku American Museum of Natural History ku New York kuti iwonetse kanthawi kochepa.Mitundu ya Velociraptor
- Velociraptor mongoliensis - anafotokozedwa ndi Osborne mu 1924 kuchokera ku zinthu zakale zakuthambo zaku Mongolia zomwe Peter Kaisen adagulitsa mu chipululu cha Gobi mu 1923.
- Velociraptor osmolskae - wofotokozedwa ndi Godefroit paleontologist mu 2008 kuchokera ku chigaza chimodzi chomwe chidapezeka ku China ku Gobi Desert mu 1999.
Kapangidwe ka mafupa
Velociraptor anali kutalika kwa Turkey wamkulu - pafupifupi theka la mita. Kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mikono iwiri ndipo kulemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 15.
Mafupa ambiri a mafupa a Velociraptor ndi opanda kanthu, monga mbalame zamakono.
Chigoba chimakhala cha mainchesi 25 (25cm) kukula kwake ndi mbali yakumaso yakumaso yopindika, kumtunda kumakhala kokhotakhota, ndipo m'munsi ndimakhungu. Chigoba chidali ndi maudindo omwe amachepetsa kulemera kwake. Masamba a ma glillary (pa chigaza cha anthu m'chigawo cha maxillary sinuses) ndi malo owonekera komanso ochepa. Mafupa a Intermaxillary okhala ndi njira zotsika. Fupa la khutu lapakati silikupezeka. Khoma loumbika kumbuyo kwa cranium limapangidwa ndi fupa lakunja, lochita kupanga ndi fupa la parietal. Nsagwada ya m'munsi inali yofanana ndi nsagwada yamakono ya Komodo, yomwe inachititsa kuti igwire nyama zambiri.
Panali mano 26-31 m'nsagwada. Mano ndi osowa, owonda, akulu, okhala ndi notches kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Mano akuloza kumbuyo zidapangitsa kugwira ndikutchingira msanga msanga.
Poyerekeza ndi abale ena, ubongo wa Velociraptor unafika pamlingo waukulu. "Encephalization Factor" (EQ) yawo anali 5. Poyerekeza, munthu wa EQ ndi 7. Encephalization Factor (EQ) amawerengedwa ngati chiyezo cha ubongo ku thupi. EQ yodziwika bwino ya zolengedwa zoyamwitsa imayesedwa kuti ndi 1, mwachitsanzo, mu mphaka. Nyuzipepala ya National Geografic imanena kuti ma velociraptor anali ndi fungo lokhazikika bwino; mawu awa adatengera kutengera kwa kukula kwa mababu awo onunkhira
Khumi, khola khumi ndi zitatu komanso madontho asanu owumbika. Sternum ndi lathyathyathya ngati chishango. Ma Collarbones kulibe.
Pakanemayo - Kukonzanso kwa 3D kwa velociraptor, kumaonedwa kuchokera mbali zonse. Muzipinda zowonera, onani zithunzi za mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi la velociraptor yomanganso mwatsatanetsatane.
The humerus yokhala ndi zachinyengo zazikulu. Nthiti zam'mimba zimakhala ndi magawo ochepa komanso amkati. Burashi ya kapangidwe ka pulley mtundu wamtundu womata. Patsogola pali zala zitatu zokhala ndi zikhadabo zolowedwa mwamphamvu, yoyamba ndi yochepetsetsa, yachiwiri ndi yachitatu ndi yayitali (yachiwiri ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa zonse).
Fupa la pubic limayang'ana kumbuyo. Ischium ndi yafupikitsidwa, yofanana ndi malo osungirako zinthu zakale.
Panali zala zinayi pamiyendo ya Velociraptor, ziwiri zinali zala zothandizira - chachitatu ndi chachinayi, chachiwiri panali chovala chakanema chofika 67 mm kutalika, choyamba chidachepetsedwa. Chala chachiwiri chinali ndi chida cholimba champhamvu chopangira kusaka.
Poyamba, tinkakhulupirira kuti chovala ichi chidapangidwa kuti chikhwimitsire thupi la womenyedwayo, koma kuwerenga momwe pansaluyo idawonetsa kuti inali yakuthwa kokha kumapeto ndipo imatha kubowola chitsimikizo cha womenyedwayo. Zovala izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbedza kuti zigwiritsike ntchito kwa wozunzidwayo kapena kuboola trachea yake ndi chotupa cha m'mimba.
Ma Velociraptors anali ndi mchira wautali komanso woyenda kwambiri, anali theka kutalika kwa thupi. Mchira wake unkakhala wokhazikika komanso unathandizira kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri. Kusinthasintha kwa mchira wake kunatsimikizika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mafupa a vertebrae omwe ali kumtunda ndipo matayala am'munsi.
Mu 2007, zosayenerera zidapezeka pamphumi ya ma dinosaur, zofanana ndi zosemphana ndi kuphatikizika kwa mizu ya nthenga pamafupa a mbalame. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti Velociraptor anali ndi nthenga chophimba chomwe chimathandizira kutentha kwa thupi, chifukwa chake lingaliro loti dinosaur ndi nyama yokhala ndi magazi ofunda. Kukula kwa metabolism ndi metabolic sikunali kwakukulu ngati mbalame zamakono, koma kwambiri kuposa nyama zamagazi ozizira. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi kagayidwe ka mbalame yowuluka kiwi.
Zinthu Zosaka
Lingaliro lodziwika kuti ma velociraptors omwe amasakidwa m'matumba satsimikizidwa. Mafupa onse opezeka a Velociraptor ndi anthu osiyana, ndipo mwina ankasaka okha. Dinosaur amatha kuthana ndi adani akuluakulu, kuphatikiza apo, imadyetsa mazira akuluakulu a dinosaur ndi carrion. Buluzi limadumphira kumbuyo kwa wogwirira pamwambayo ndikuboola m'mimba mwake ndi mikanda yake yakuthwa. Zotsatira za mano a Velociraptor adapezeka pazinthu zotsalira za protoceratops yayikulu. Pa imodzi mwa zigaza za Velociraptor, pamakhala zipsera zochokera kumano a Velociraptor wina, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ma dinosaurs amenewa amasaka mtundu wawo.
Pofunafuna womenyedwayo, velociraptor adapanga liwiro lakufika mpaka 40 km / h. Kuthamanga kokhazikika sikutsimikiziridwa kokha ndi mitundu yamakompyuta ya dinosaur, komanso ndi kupulumuka kwa buluzi.
Malo osungirako zakale komwe Velociraptor adayimiriridwa
National Paleontological Museum ku Ulaanbaatar.
Moscow Paleontological Museum.Paleontological Museum of Ontario, Canada.Mafupa a Velociraptor mongoliensis amasonkhanitsidwa ku Dinosaur Center, Wyoming.Nenani za makanema
- Ma Velociraptors akuwonetsedwa mu filimu yonse ya "Jurassic Park", ngakhale ali kumeneko amayimilidwa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwawo kwenikweni m'moyo. Nthawi yomweyo, ma dinosaurs awa amaperekedwa ngati ma dinosaurs anzeru kwambiri komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino.
- Mu mndandanda wamabuku a zamasewera a Dinobot, Velociraptor ndiye chitsanzo cha m'modzi wapamwamba.
- Mu katoto "Dino squad" pamakhala zilembo ziwiri - velociraptors.
- Album Velociraptor! idatulutsidwa ndi gulu la Casabian mu 2011.
- Mu "Mafupa" angapo mndandanda wa mazana awiri, mafupa athunthu a velociraptor akuwonetsedwa, omwe amawunikidwa ndi protagonist wa mndandanda.
Tchulani Game
- M'masewera a Dino Callen, Velociraptor imapezeka ngati chilombo chowopsa.
- Ku ParaWorld, Velociraptor imawoneka ngati nkhonya komanso ngati mawonekedwe omwe ali pano "Velociraptor derere", mopitilira apo, pamasewera magawo ake ali pafupi kwenikweni.
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