1. Mabingu abwinoko ndi amodzi a dongosolo la odutsa.
Nutatch adalandira dzina chifukwa cha chizolowezi chakukwawa pamtengo, ngati mtengo wamtengo.
2. Inde, nuthatch ndipo ofanana kwambiri ndi mtengo wamtambo pang'ono, koma amayenda komanso ali ndi chidwi ngati nyumba yam'manja. Ku Germany, dzina lake limamveka motere - Woodpecker. Kupadera kwa mbalameyi sikugona mu kayendedwe kake mwachangu limodzi ndi thunthu losuntha mbali zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuthekera kukangamira mozondoka panthambi.
3. Nuthatch ndi ponseponse. Mbalamezi zimapanga malo okhala ambiri ku Europe ndi Asia - kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo kwa nkhalango ya Eurasia mpaka Kamchatka, zilumba za Kuril, Sakhalin. Amatha kupezeka ku Morocco wotentha ndi nkhalango yozizira ya Yakutia, m'malo otentha aku Asia.
4. Ku Russia, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo osakanizika, osakanizika, m'nkhalango zamapaki, momwe muli kafadala, mitengo yotchedwa mitengo, kafadala.
5. Banja la nuthatch limaphatikizapo mitundu 6 ya mitundu ndi mitundu 30. Mitundu yonse imalumikizidwa ndi kufanana kwa moyo, mawonekedwe. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mtundu wa maula, kukula, malo okhala.
6. Kumbuyo kwa mbalamezi ndi kwamtambo wamtambo, mtundu wa chifuwa ndi m'mimba mwa anthu akumpoto ndi zoyera, Caucasian - ofiira. Mchira wake umakhala ndi mitsitsi yoyera. Nutatch imakhala ndi thupi lolumikizana, mchira waufupi ndi miyendo yokhala ndi zikhadabo zoluka zopindika. Kukula kwake kumadalira mitundu, kutalika - mulitali masentimita 10-18, kulemera - 10-55 magalamu.
7. Mitundu isanu ya nuthatch imakhala pagawo la Russian Federation: nuthatch wamba, nuthatch ya ku Siberia, nuthatch yofiyira, stenolase ndi shaggy (wamutu wakuda) nuthatch.
Mwamba wamba
8. Nuthatch wamba wafala kwambiri ku Russia. Common Nuthatch - mbalame yothina, yokhala ndi-yochepa, kukula kwa mpheta. Kulemera kumafika magalamu 25, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 14.5.
9. Pamwamba thupi lake limakhala lotuwa kapena lofiirira, m'mimba nzoyera, m'malo okhala ku Caucasus kumakhala kofiyiranso. Mutu ndi waukulu, khosi limakhala losaoneka. Nuthatch wamba amadziwika ndi "chigoba" chakuda pamaso pawo. Kuchokera pamilomo yakuthwa kwambiri mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu wake, mzere wakuda umadutsa m'diso lake.
10. Anthu amatcha mbalameyi kuti ndi malo ophulika, wothandizira, wokonza ndege. Popanda kuyima, imagonjetsa mtunda wosaposa kilomita imodzi.
11.Ngakhale kuti cholembera sichimagwirizana ndi zovala zamtundu wa nyimbo, mawu ake ndi osangalatsa komanso akulu. Pali mzungu wodziwika kuti "tzi-it", pomwe adamuwotcha dzina la woyeserera, ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, osangalatsa. Pa nthawi yakukhwima, foni imamveka, ndipo pakasaka chakudya mawu akumveka "Tew-Tew", "Tweet-Tweet".
12. Mtundu wamba wamtundu wamtchire umakhazikika m'nkhalango zowuma, zophatikizika, malo osungirako zinyama. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yotentha, tizilombo timayambitsa chakudya cha woyendetsa. Izi zikugwirira ntchito makamaka pa nthawi ya nesting, kudyetsa anapiye. Zakudya zamapuloteni zimaphatikizapo: mphutsi, mbozi, arachnids yaying'ono, tizirombo (weevils, kachikumbu ka masamba), ntchentche, midges, mphutsi, nyerere, nsikidzi.
Chiwerengero cha SIBERIAN
13. Nuthatch waku Siberian amakhala ku Urals, ndi mtundu wawung'ono wa nuthatch, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi nsidze zoyera, mphumi.
14. Nthawi zambiri, nuthatch imatulutsa tizilombo, touluka mosachedwa kuphukira, nthambi zamitengo. Koma nthawi zina imatsikira pansi, ikuyang'ana chakudya mu udzu ndi sod nkhalango. M'dzinja, mbalame zimakonda kusangalala ndi zipatso za mbalame chitumbuwa, hawthorn, m'chiuno.
15. Chopanga chachikulu chimakhala ndi mbewu za coniferous, mtedza wa beech ndi zopanda pake, ma corns, barele ndi oats.
Zowawa za gingerbread
16. Mphuno yokhala ndi mabere ofiira - awa ndi mbalame zazing'ono kuposa mpheta - 12.5 masentimita, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofiira owoneka bwino a chifuwa, khosi loyera ndi chifuwa chakuda pamutu, chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi "chigoba" ndi nsidze yoyera. Zachikazi sizowala bwino komanso zowonekera.
17. Kuchuluka kwa ma chestnuts ofala kuli ponseponse kumadzulo kwa Caucasus kunkhalango zakale za mitengo komanso mitengo ya paini. Mbalame imakhala moyo wokhalitsa, nthawi yozizira imatsikira kugombe la Black Sea.
18. Tizilombo tamadonthono tating'ono tokhala m'maenje, koma mosiyana ndi mitengo yamatabwa, samatha kudzipangira okha, chifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito zisa zakale za mitengo. M'malo otseguka kwambiri mbalameyi imaphimba dothi, nthawi zina kusakaniza ndi manyowa, ndikusiyira yotseguka yokha (masentimita 3-4).
19. Dera la khungwa kuzungulira khomalo limaphimbidwanso ndi manyowa. Mkati mwenimweni mwa mbalameyo mumakhala khungwa loonda, masamba ochepa. Zinyalala zimapangidwa ndi dothi kuti mazira omwe adayikidwamo aikidwe.
20. Malinga ndikuwona kwa akatswiri a ornithologists, nuthatch ali ndi fungo labwino; sadzasangalatsidwa ndi mtedza wopanda kanthu. Amapyoza mwaluso ndi mlomo wolimba, wolimba, ndikakanikiza mwana wosabadwayo kumtunda kwa thunthu, kumugwira ndi phazi lake, kapena kumuyika mumwala.
LENGANI STENOLAZ
21. Wogwera pamtunda amakhala ku Caucasus pamtunda wa mamita 3,000 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kutalika kwa thupi lake mpaka masentimita 17. Mtundu - imvi yopepuka yokhala ndi kusintha kwamdima wakuda, ndi magawo ofiira amapiko omwe amaunikidwa motsutsana ndi maziko aponse.
22. Poyerekeza ndi phompho m'matanthwe, stenolaz amapanga kulumpha yaying'ono, kwinaku akutsegula mapiko ake amtundu wachilendo. Zilonda m'miyala yamiyala pafupi ndi mitsinje kapena mitsinje yamadzi.
23. Nuthatch sanyamuka nthawi yachisanu kupita kumayiko ena, chifukwa chake, kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu kumayamba kale chisanu chisanayambe.
24. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka Disembala, nyumba zakunyumba zimapanga zolemba zosungirako poyika mtedza ndi mbewu paming'alu mu khungwa kapena kubowo m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti masheya asatheretu onse mwakamodzi.
25. Nuthatch amasunga masheya awo mosamala, sakonda alendo ndipo amateteza gawo. Kulemera kwa zinthu kumatha kufika 1.5 kilogalamu. Ndipo izi zili pamalo amodzi okha. Ndipo mbalamezo zimakhala nazo zochulukirapo.
COSMATIC KAPENA KUDULA KWAULERE
26. Mtundu wama shaggi (wamutu wakuda) ndi wocheperako, ndi mainchesi 11.5 okha. Ngati mu nucatch wamba wa ku Caucasus, thupi lonse lotsikirako limakhala lofiira, ndiye kuti pamutu wakuda pali malo okha pachifuwa.
27. Malo ogawa - kumwera kwa Primorsky Krai. Pamenepo, mbalamezi zimapanga malo okhala. Amakhala m'nkhalangozi, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'nkhalango za paini ndi m'nkhalango zowala.
28. Amakonda kusuntha shaggy nuthatch osati pamatanda, koma pamakona akorona, kuphatikiza nthambi zazing'ono. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mazira mu clutch ndi 6 vipande.
29. Mbawala ya shaggy nthawi yachisanu imakhala kumwera kwa Peninsula yaku Korea, komwe imawuluka kuchokera ku Primorye. Koma izi ndizosiyana ndi lamulo. Ngati mbalame sizisokonezeka, ndiye kuti kwa zaka zimatsatira tsamba lawo. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kocheperako, makoswe amtunduwu amalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation.
30. Mbalame ya nuthatch yaying'ono imasiyana ndi wamkulu pachakudya chowuluka, ndipo wamkazi kwa wamwamuna ndi wocheperako. Oyimira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi mtundu wosiyana pamwamba pa mutu, wobiriwira komanso mbali.
KULENGA KWA Canada
31. Nuthatch waku Canada. Kulumikizidwa kwa mitundu yake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kochepa kwa thupi (11.5 masentimita), maonekedwe amtundu wamtambo wa kumtunda, komanso utoto wofiyira wam'mimba ndi chifuwa.
32. mbalame izi zimakhala ndi chingwe chakuda chodutsa m'diso, malo akuda pachifumu. Amakhala makamaka mu coniface, olemera mu chakudya, nkhalango za North America.
33. Mbalame za Nuthatch ndizokhazikika komanso zopanda mpumulo. Tsiku lonse pofunafuna chakudya, amadandaula za mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nthambi za mitengo, ndikupanga ndege zazifupi. Mwa kudya tizirombo, nuthatch imakulitsa moyo wamitengo.
CHEMA CHABWINO
34. Rock rock Nuthatch yaying'ono ndi kukula kwamafuta ndi ofanana ndi makoya. Amakhala kumpoto kwa Israel, ku Syria, Iran, kumwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Turkey, pachilumba cha Lesbos. Imakhala m'mabwinja, m'matanthwe, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean.
35. Zisa zankhondo za rock ndizopadera. Awa ndi chitsulo chadongo chomwe chimalumikizidwa pathanthwe ndipo chimatha.
LERGE ROCK CREEP
36. Thanthwe lalikulu Nuthatch limafika masentimita 16. Kulemera kuposa mtengo kwa chimphona, 55 magalamu. Kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi, m'mimba mwayera ndi matupi ofiira m'mphepete.
37. Malo omwe amagawikirako ndi Transcaucasia, Central ndi Central Asia. Mwalawo Nuthatch amakhala kumapiri. Imakhala ndi mluzu wofuula.
38. Java, Sumatra ndi Malaysia adasankhidwa ndi okongola, azure nuthatch osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina. Kumbuyo amaphatikiza mithunzi yamtambo yamtambo. Mapulogalamu akuda amaphimba mbali yakumapeto ya theka lam'mimba, pamwamba pamutu, malo ozungulira maso. Thupi lonse limakhala loyera. Mlomo wachilendo wofiirira umaonekera kwa iwo.
39. Mbalame sizimakhala ngati zoweta za magulu amtundu, koma gwiritsani ntchito ma tini, mumayendayenda nawo mtunda waufupi kukafunafuna chakudya.
Corsican
40. Corsican nuthatch. Malo ake amafanana ndi dzinali. Ili ndi mlomo wamfupi pamutu wawung'ono wamasentimita 12. Mbali yakumwambako ndi yamtundu wofiirira komanso wamtambo wamtambo, pansi ndi beige, pakhosi pafupifupi ndiyoyera. Korona wamphongo ndi wakuda, wamkazi ndi imvi. Mawu ndi ochepa mphamvu komanso osokonekera kuposa mawu wamba.
41. Munthawi yachisanu, nkhonya zimakhala zachinyengo ndipo m'mapaki nthawi zambiri amatenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwa anthu. Kutalika kwa mbalamezi kuthengo ndi zaka 10-11.
Mwana wakhanda
42. Khanda lakhanda ndi laling'ono kwambiri pabanja lakale, limalemera magalamu 9 mpaka 11 okha kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Imakhala ndi mutu wa imvi, pansi loyera, kansalu koyera pamwamba.
43. Amakhala khanda m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za Mexico, Colombia, kumadzulo kwa North America. Amayenda mosasunthika pamitengo, nthawi zambiri amakhala patsikulo pamitengo. Mumakonda kulira kwachilengedwe. Kuyika kwake kumakhala ndi mazira 9.
44. Malo osowa kwambiri omwe akuwopsezedwa kuti atha ndikutha: Dziko la Algeria, lomwe malo ake okhala ndi omwe amapezeka kumapiri a Algeria a Atlas. Giant, mpaka masentimita 19.5 kutalika ndi kulemera mpaka 47 g. Achiyera-oyera, amakhala ku Myanmar kokha. Bahamian (mutu wofiirira), kuchuluka kwake komwe kunatsika kwambiri pambuyo pa mkuntho wa 2016 ku Caribbean.
45. Kutha mu mbalamezi kumatha kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba. Mabanja amapangidwa kamodzi kwa moyo wawo wonse. Nyimbo yobweretsera nutatch imagawiridwa m'nkhalango mu february, ndipo kumapeto kwa Marichi banjali likuyang'ana malo odyera.
46. Zoyala zabwino kapena zitsamba zosiyidwa m'nthambi zowola. Chachikulu ndichakuti ali pamtunda wamamita atatu mpaka 10. Magawo a letok ndi oyandikana nawo a kotekisiyo amaphimbidwa ndi dongo wothira malovu. Pa maziko awa, zatsimikizika kuti nuthatch ikhazikika pano.
47. "Denga" lamkati mwa chisa limapangidwanso kuti "pulasitiki", ndipo gawo lakumunsi limakhala ndi dothi lambiri la masamba, masamba owuma. Dongosolo limatenga milungu iwiri.
48. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuti danga lozungulira taphole limakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zowala, zipolopolo zazipatso, ndi maula. Zokongoletsera izi zimawonetsera mbalame zina kuti malowa amakhala. Makoma amkati mwa chisa cha nthunzi amamalizidwa ndi chitin (mapiko a chinjoka, mapiko a kachikumbu).
49. Mu Epulo, wamkazi amaikira mazira oyera 8-9 okhala ndi zowoneka zofiirira, kuwaswa kwa masabata 2-2.5. Pakadali pano, mwamunayo amasamalira bwenzi lake, akumamupatsa chakudya masana.
50. Akapolo akaoneka, makolo onse awiri amatanganidwa ndi chakudya. Kupitilira 300 pa tsiku amabweretsa mbozi za ana omwe amakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse. Anapiyewo amayamba kuuluka pakadutsa milungu itatu kapena 4, koma yamphongo ndi yaikazi imapitilirabe kwa iwo kwa milungu iwiri. Zitatha izi, kakulidwe kakang'onoko kamayamba kudyera kachokha.
