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Ufumu: | Eumetazoi |
Chinsinsi: | Makanda |
Subfamily: | Partridge |
Onani: | Zinziri wamba |
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)
Zisa zokhaZimakumana chaka chonseNyengoKuyambitsidwa
Mwinanso kutha, kuyambitsidwa
Zinziri wamba, kapena zinziri (Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758), dzina lakale la asayansi - lat. Coturnix dactylisonans s. Communis), ndi mbalame yamtundu wa gulu la nkhuku. M'mbuyomu, zinziri zimagwira ngati nyama, poyamba, monga masewera adadyedwa, ndipo chachiwiri, ngati nyimbo ndipo, pomaliza, pomanga ndewu zinziri.
Pamodzi ndi zinziri wosayankhula, ndi mbalame yokhayi yomwe imasamukira ku Kuku.
Mawonekedwe
Mtunduwu adafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Carl Linnaeus m'buku lake Systema naturae mu 1758 ngati Tetrao coturnix.
Kutalika kwa thupi 16-22 cm, kulemera kwa magalamu 91-131.
Zowonjezerazo ndi zamtundu wowoneka bwino, pamwamba pamutu, kumbuyo, nadhvost ndi nthenga zapamwamba za mchirawo mikwingwirima yakuda komanso yopepuka ya bulauni komanso mawanga, chingwe chofiyira kumbuyo kwa maso. Wamphongo amakhala ndi masaya ofiira akuda, chotupa chofiirira, chibwano ndi pakhosi zakuda. Yaikazi imasiyanasiyana kwa iye ndi kansalu konyentchera ndi makosi komanso kupezeka kwa mawanga akuda (amawangamawanga) pamunsi ndi m'mbali.
Kufalitsa
Zinziri zotchuka ndizofala ku Europe, Africa ndi Western Asia, ku Russia - kum'mawa kukafika ku Nyanja ya Baikal. Chimakhala m'minda kumapiri ndi kumapiri. Nyengo ku Africa ndi South Sest Asia, makamaka ku South Africa ndi Hindustan. Zomera ku Europe ndi Asia mpaka North Africa, Middle East, Iran ndi Turkestan. Chimawombera kumwera koyambirira kwa Epulo, kumpoto koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Kuswana
Udzu utangokulira, zinziri zimayamba kufuula ndipo amphongo amalowa kunkhondo pakati pawo chifukwa chachikazi. Zingwe zimakonzedwa pansi. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 820 a utoto wokhala ndi mawanga akuda, akhatchi kwa masiku 15-17 ndikuwaswa anapiye popanda amuna kutenga nawo mbali.
Moyo
Mbalameyi imatsogolera moyo wokhalitsa pamtunda, imadyera nyemba ndi tizilombo tomwe timakwawa pansi. Mkatewo ukakhwima, zinzirizo zimasamutsidwira kuminda, zonenepa msanga komanso zonenepa kwambiri. Tulukani, ndikuyang'ana kutalikirana, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Chakudya chimabzala makamaka (nthanga, masamba, mphukira), tizilombo tambiri nthawi zambiri.
Anthu ndi zinziri
Nyama ya zinziri imakhala yokoma kwambiri. Feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'minda zomwe zabalalika m'minda zimayambitsa poyizoni ndikuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa zinziri zomwe zidagwirapo ntchito ngati chinthu chosaka nthawi yakusuntha kosuntha ku Crimea ndi Caucasus.
Zinzirizo zimalekerera ukapolo. Ku Central Asia, zinziri zimasungidwa m'malo osungika ngati mbalame yomenyera nkhondo komanso chifukwa cha "kuyimba" - kukuwa kwambiri.
Chigawo (marz) cha ku Armenia - Lori adadziwika ndi zinziri.
Ku Egypt wakale, fano la zinziri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati hieroglyph pamawu oti "mu" ndi "y":
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Kusaka
Kugwidwa kwakukulu kwa zinzirizo kumachitika m'mwezi wa Meyi, Juni ndi Julayi, makamaka m'mawa kapena nthawi ya m'bandakucha, koma pokhapokha palibe mame. Pakusodza, adagwiritsa ntchito ukonde ndi mapaipi kapena chachikazi chokhala zinziri. Ukondewo udafalikira chifukwa cha mbewu za msipu kapena masika, ndipo msaka amakhala pansi pamphepete pomwe panali kulira kwa zinzirizo, kenako nayamba "kugunda mpaka", zomwe zimatsata mawu achimayi a zinzirizo ndipo wokhala ndi wobaya wamfupa wokhala ndi ubweya wachikopa womwe udalimo. M'malo mwakugwiritsira ntchito mipope yaukonde, zinziri zokhazokha "zodinkhidwa" zimabzalidwanso mu khola, zokhala ndi chaka chimodzi komanso nthawi yozizira. Pamene zinziri, zitakopedwa ndi chitoliro kapena chachikazi, zikafika pansi pa ukonde, mlenje amafikira kumapazi ake, mbalameyo imakutidwa ndi kukodwa mumiyala ya ukonde. “Osayang'anira” [ mawu osadziwika ], ndiye kuti, mbalame zosachita mantha zinali zolimba mtima kwambiri ndipo, posawopa munthu, nthawi zambiri zimalumphira pansi pa ukonde ndi wamkazi. Mwa mbalame zomwe zinagwidwa, "zopanga" (kutanthauza kuti, zinziri zomwe zikukulira bwino) sizinali zachilendo, ndipo posaka, asaka amateur anali ndi othandizira omwe adawafunafuna ndikumamvetsera kuzira kwakukuru kumapeto ndi minda. Zinziri za cricket zimayikidwa m'khola ndipo zimapachikika Carduelis (ndiye kuti, pamtengo wokulirapo), pomwe padali padenga padenga lake ndi khoma lakumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwake, pomwe pansi pake padakokedwa chingwe. Liwu la zinziri zabwino zimatha kumveka nyengo yayitali kwamakilomita awiri, komanso mumphepo - ngakhale pang'ono. Kusaka zinziri za chilimwe kunayamba atakolola ndikupitilira mpaka atanyamuka.
Njira zopezera zinziri zinali zosiyana kwambiri: kuwonjezera pa kusaka ndi mfuti ndi zigawenga, zomwe zinali zodziwika pa masewera aliwonse ang'onoang'ono, zinziri zimagwidwa m'maukonde apadera, m'mphepete mwake omwe adakwezedwa pamiyala yayitali yopepuka. Ukondewu unakuta zinzirizo pamodzi ndi galu, yemwe anayimirira ndi zinziri. Kudera la Turkestan, zinziri zidagwidwa ndi ukonde. Ku Caucasus, zinziri zinakopeka ndi maukonde ochenjeza ndi moto ndikulira belu. Ku Crimea, asaka ankayang'ana kunenepa kwambiri pofika nthawi yophukira, chifukwa chake zinziri zolemera zokwera pamahatchi ndi kuzikuta ndihatchi. Kuphatikiza apo, zinziri zinagwidwa ndi njoka zochuluka kwambiri, zokonzedwa mu clover ndi minda ina, komanso "maukonde", otambasulidwa, ngati onenepa kwambiri, mumsewu wopingasa pakati pa mitengo yayitali, m'malo omata ndi ma gorges. Malinga ndi malamulo omwe agwira ntchito mpaka 1917, kusaka zinzirizo kunali koletsedwa kuyambira pa Marichi 1 mpaka Julayi 15, kupatula kusaka ndi ukonde kwa zinziri zamphongo, zomwe zidaloledwa kuyambira Meyi 1.
Kuyimba koyimba
Quail anali kuyamikiridwa chifukwa cha mawu a amuna (amuna okha "akufuula", ndi akazi okha "whine"), omwe, pomwepo, alibe kufanana ndi mawu omwe amatchedwa kuyimba, ndipo omwe amagawidwa azimayi (kapena khwangwala) ndi kufuula (kapena nkhondo) Mawu oti "wah-wah" nthawi zambiri amabwerezedwa katatu kapena katatu, kulira kuti "chakumwa chakumwa chakumwa", kusaka, kumakhala ndi mawondo atatu osiyana: "nyamuka", "kuzengeleza" ndi "mafunde otsika". Dera la Sudzhansky m'chigawo cha Kursk linali lodziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukuwa kwambiri; ambiri, zinziri zabwino zimapezeka m'chigawo chonse cha Kursk, ambiri a Voronezh komanso m'malo ena a zigawo za Oryol, Tula, Tambov ndi Kharkov.
Nkhondo yankhondo
Ku Turkestan, kumenyera (ndewu) za zinziri zamphongo pakati pawo inali mtundu wa masewera a ku Central Asia, kumene ambiri azisangalalo amachita nawo chidwi. Eni ake a zinziri zomenyera nthawi zambiri ankazivala pachifuwa. Bwalo lankhondo, lomwe nthawi zonse limakhala ndi kubetcha, limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maenje akuluakulu, mkati mwa makoma awo panali owonera.
Poyizoni nyama zinziri
Magulu osiyanasiyana amafotokoza milandu yambiri ya poizoni ndi nyama ya zinziri wamba. Zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni sizinadziwike kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale zidziwitso zoyambirira zaiwo zidafalitsidwa m'mabuku zaka za zana la 17. Makamaka, "Kufotokozera kwa Ukraine kuchokera kumalire a Muscovy kupita kumalire a Transylvania, wopangidwa ndi Guillaume Levasser da Boplan" (kutanthauzira kwa 1660), ili ndi mizere iyi: "Kuderali kuli mitundu yapadera ya zinziri zamiyendo yamtambo komanso zakufa kwa iwo omwe amadya." Komabe, lingaliro la Boplan kuti zinziri za poizoni ndi za "mtundu wapadera" womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa miyendo yake ndizolakwika.
Zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni ndikudzikundikira (kudzikundikira) kwa zinthu zakupha mu nkhuku nyama mbalame zitadya pikulnik mbewu. Ma alkaloids omwe ali m'mbewu za chomera ichi amachititsa kutsekeka kwa malekezero a mitsempha yamagalimoto m'misempha yokhazikika. Zochita za poizoni wambiri ndizokhazikika, kotero zinziri zimatha kudya popanda vuto lililonse mwa mbewu zina zomwe zimapweteka kwa anthu ndi ziweto. Poizoni amakana kutentha. Kuwotcha nyama ya zinziri sikuwononga. Poizoni mwa anthu amadziwika chifukwa chakudya osati nyama ya mbalame "zapoizoni" zokha komanso supu wawo, komanso mbatata yokazinga ndi mafuta a zinziri. Chipatala cha poyizoni chimadziwonekera pakatha maola 3-4, ndipo nthawi zina ola limodzi (nthawi zambiri, maola 15 mpaka 20) mutatha kudya poizoni. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi kufooka konsekonse, anthu sangathe kusuntha miyendo yawo, ndipo nthawi zina amasiya kusuntha konse. Pambuyo pake, kupweteka kwapweteka kumachitika, kutikika mu minofu ya ng'ombe, kenako - kupweteka m'chiuno kumbuyo, kumbuyo ndi pachifuwa. Kupuma kumakhala kopanda komanso pafupipafupi. Kenako kupweteka kwambiri kumachitika m'mikono ndi khosi. Kusuntha kwa miyendo (kusinthasintha kwawo ndi kutalikirana), makamaka manja, kumakhala kosatheka chifukwa cha ululu, kuuma kumachitika. Ululu umatenga 2 mpaka 12 maola, nthawi zina mpaka tsiku, osawerengeka - masiku 2-3. Monga lamulo, palibe imfa.
Pali zina zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti choyambitsa chakupha ndi zinziri zikhonza kukhala nthangala za cycuta (mwala wakupha) womwe umadyetsa mbalame. Mwakutero, nyama ya nkhuku imasonkhanitsa poizoni wambiri kotero kuti ngakhale pang'ono zake zimayambitsa poizoni. Zinziri zodziwika bwino zimatha kudya zipatso za hemlock popanda kudzipweteka, ndipo nyama ya mbalame zotere imatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro za poyizoni wa konyin mwa anthu. Zotsirizirazi malinga ndi momwe thupi limakhudzira, munthu ali ofanana ndi chikonga, koma amadziwika ndi kupuwala kwamphamvu pakati pama dongosolo amanjenje komanso ma neuromuscular synapses. Kuphatikiza pa konin, mbewu ya hemlock imakhala ndi ma alkaloidi ambiri komanso mafuta oopsa kwambiri. Chipatala chothandizira kupha nyama ya zinziri chomwe chinadya zipatso za hemlock chikuwoneka pakupanga mseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kuchuluka kwa malovu, chizungulire, kusanza kwa ana, kupweteka kwa pakhungu komanso kuchepa mphamvu yogwira. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kuphwanya kwamwala komwe kumeza, kugunda kumakhala kofooka, bradycardia kumachitika, kutentha kwa thupi kumachepa, kukulira kukomoka, kupweteka kwa neuralgic ndikotheka, ziwalo zambiri zimayamba (makamaka kukwera). Kupezeka kwa khunyu kumatengera isphyxia, ndipo mwa zovuta, zotsatira zakupha zimachitika chifukwa cha kukomoka, kupundula ziwalo.
Pakakhala poizoni ndi zinziri nyama yomwe ili ndi cycutotoxin yokhala ndi nthangala za pochis, kufooka, kugona, chizungulire, kupweteka kwam'mimba kumayamba, kusanza pafupipafupi kumachitika, khungu limayamba kutuluka, ana amayamba kuchepa, kupuma movutikira kumadziwika, kugunda kwake kumayamba kuchepa. Poizoni amagwira m'malo a medulla oblongata - woyamba kusangalatsa kenako kufa ziwalo. Pankhaniyi, kukokana kwakukulu kumadziwika, pomwe nthawi imatha kufa chifukwa cha ziwalo zam'mimba zopuma.
Mbalame ya Quail: Kufotokozera
Oimira mitundu ndi mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri malinga ndi nkhuku. Kukula kwa zinziri m'litali ndikofika masentimita 20. Akuluakulu amatha kupeza unyinji wa pafupifupi magalamu 130. Kukula kwakang'ono kwa thupi kumapangitsa kuti mbalame zotere zizitha kuyenda momayenda m'minda yowuma popanda kugwera pamaso pa adani.
Kodi zinziri ngati zinziri? Makamaka a mbalame kumbuyo kwake amakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wonyezimira komanso wamtambo wakuda bii. Ali ndi m'mimba - chikasu chopepuka. Chifukwa cha utoto wamtunduwu, ndizovuta kwambiri kuzindikira zinziri pakati pa zitsamba zazitali.
Gulu
Zinziri zotchuka zigawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi atatu:
- C. c. africana - zofotokozedwa ndi K. Ya. Temmink ndi G. Schlegel mu 1849, nyengo yachisanu ku Africa, ena amasamukira kumpoto kuchokera ku South Africa (Madagascar, Comoros, etc.).
- C. c. confisa
- C. c. otsutsana - khalani ku Azores (Hartert, 1920).
- C. c. machira
- C. c. angelo - wopezeka ku Ethiopia (Zedlitz, 1912).
- C. c. inopinata - Anthu ambiri pazilumba za Cape Verde (Hartert, 1917).
- C. c. parisii
- C. c. ragonierii
Mitundu
Mitundu ya maselo
- Zotsatira za ma nucleotide omwe asungidwa munkhokweEntrezNucleotide, GenBank, NCBI, USA: 580 (kuyambira pa Marichi 30, 2015).
- Zotsatira za mapuloteni omwe adasungidwa mu database Msangalatsi, GenBank, NCBI, USA: 322 (idafika pa Marichi 30, 2015).
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Zinziri zodziwika / zakutchire ndi za banja la pheasant, lamulo la nkhuku. Kulemera kwa munthu kumasiyana kuchokera pa 100 g mpaka 140 g. kapangidwe kake ka zinzirizo ndi zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina.
Mbalamezi zimapanga zisaudzu muudzu wautali pamalo athyathyathya: mitengo ndi minda pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ndi mitsinje. Amathamanga kwambiri. Chakudya chimapezeka pansi, chimapanga zigawo za m'mwamba ndi matako ake. Ngakhale kupezeka kotheka, kugwira mbalame sikophweka, kumakhala kowoneka bwino m'maso komanso kumva ngakhale mumdima.
Njira yothawira imakanika molunjika "pansi." Amawuluka kawirikawiri, koma mwachangu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawombera mapiko awo.
Utoto wa motley umaphatikiza mitundu ya bulauni komanso yachikasu, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mbalameyo isawoneke kuthengo. Akazi amasiyanitsidwa ndi chibwano cholowera komanso mmero kuposa amuna.
Chochititsa chachikulu cha mbalame yakuthengo chinali kuthekera kwa "kubzala" kwawo ndi kuswana.
Mitundu ya mbalame - chopangira cha kubereka chopangidwa ndi munthu kuti aberekane mu ukapolo. Mukakhala kuthengo kuli mitundu iwiri yokha.
Mtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe a tambala ndipo akuwonetsa machitidwe omenyera, kuteteza gawo kapena malo ake pagululi. "Ndewu zoyimbira" zotchuka zidakhazikitsidwa pachizindikiro ichi.
Kuyimba koyimba wamba nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati kukuwa. Wamphongo amalumbira, kung'ung'udza, kutchera, ndikufuula kutengera zochitika zamasiku onse. Phokoso lodziwika bwino: kukhazikika modekha-pang'ono komanso pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, "wah-wah", kenako mofuula "pitani" ndikuti "pitani". Zachikazi ndizokonda kulira ("gurgle"), nthawi zina zofanana ndi kulira.
Nyimbo za "quuail" zimawonekera pamene mawu onse asakanizidwa.
Mverani mawu a zinziri
Mtunduwu umakhala wodekha pamakhalidwe, sungathe kuimba (kufuula), womwe adawutcha wosayankhula. Zinali zosavuta kuyang'anira mbalame zotere, yomwe inali nthawi yoyamba yomwe a Japan anachita pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri zapitazo.
Mbalame ya Quail ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya zoweta (mitundu) yomwe idakhalapo mwa kusankha kwa kupanga (kusankha) kuchokera ku "kubwezeretsa" chete zinziri zaku Japan.
Kuwona kwamtunduwo | Lembani dzina | Kulemera, g | Kulemera kwa dzira, g | Kupanga (mazira), ma PC / chaka |
Dzira | Chijapani | mpaka 100 | mpaka 12 | mpaka 320 |
Chingerezi (choyera) | mpaka 170 | mpaka 13 | mpaka 310 | |
Nyama | Farao | mpaka 220 | mpaka 17 | mpaka 300 |
Texas | mpaka 350 | isanafike 18 | mpaka 260 | |
Dzira ndi nyama (yosakanizidwa) | Chiestonia | mpaka 180 | mpaka 14 | mpaka 310 |
Tuxedo | mpaka 150 | mpaka 12 | mpaka 280 | |
Manchurian | mpaka 190 | mpaka 16 | mpaka 250 | |
Zokongoletsa | California | mpaka 280 | mpaka 11 | mpaka 110 |
Ku Russia, mitundu iwiri yazodziwika kwambiri imalengedwa: Japan ndi Farao, komanso mitundu yomwe idatengedwa pamtanda wawo.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
Chakudya chachikulu ndi zakudya zomangidwa ndi mbewu. Mbalame zaulele:
- mbewu
- mbewu
- masamba a udzu, zitsamba,
- inflorescence azitsamba zam'munda.
Kukucha nthaka, kukumba tizilombo tating'ono, nyongolotsi. Chakudya cha nyama choyambira ndichofunikira kwambiri anapiye. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimakhala ndi poizoni wa chakudya kwa anthu zomera: hemlock, cicuta ndi ena.
Mu mbalame, chitetezo chokhazikika chimakhazikitsidwa ndi ziphezi. Zinthu zoopsa zimatha kudziunjikira minofu minofu. Kulusa koteroko kumatha kukhala kudabwitsa kosaka kwa osaka "Royal masewera" ndikupangitsa poyizoni.
Komabe, ngakhale atalimbana kwambiri ndi ziphe zachilengedwe, mbalameyi imakonda kwambiri ziphe za mankhwala. Feteleza ochokera kuminda, kamodzi pachakudya, amatha kupha mbalame.
Kudya kwa mbalame zakundende ndikosiyana kwambiri.Kunyumba, zisa zimadyetsedwa mazira owiritsa, osweka ndi zipolopolo, tchizi tchizi, zitsamba, yogati ndi kuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono kudyetsa.
Kwa mbalame zazikulu, kusakaniza koyenera kwa zinthu zingapo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zakudya zamasiku onse zimalemeretsedwa ndi mapuloteni: tchizi tchizi, nsomba. Zowonjezera mchere ndizofunikanso: choko, thanthwe la chipolopolo.
Kusamalira pakhomo komanso kukonza
Popita nthawi, mbalame zamalonda zakhala zovuta kuvuta kuthengo. Chifukwa chakuchulukitsidwa kwa anthu kusaka, ziletso zidayambitsidwa. Ndikotheka kusaka zinziri nthawi isamuke komanso amuna okha. Yaikazi imasungidwa kuti isamalire ana. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zambiri zimafera kuthengo chifukwa chakufa ndi mankhwala, pakukolola komanso nthawi yayitali ndege kupita kumawonekedwe otentha.
Wogula aliyense pagome anayesera kuthetsa vuto la kuwoneka kwa nyama ndi mazira m'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za zana lomaliza, pamene kwa nthawi yoyamba mbalame yobweretsedwa idabwera ku USSR. Kenako kuswana kunadzetsedwa pamlingo wazaka mazana awiri. Pakadali pano, aliyense angathe kupeza famu yawo yaying'ono.
Pobwerera kwathu imagwira bwino ntchito yomangidwa. Amasiyana ndi nzeru zakutchire. Sakufuna malo oti agwiritse ntchito. Palibenso chifukwa chopotoza zisa ndi kuwaswa mazira.
Musanagule mini-quailweed, muyenera kulabadira malingaliro angapo.
Ngakhale zinziri “zapakhomo” - mbalame yakuthengo ndipo sinataye mwayi wouluka. Chifukwa chake, njira wamba yolerera mu cholembera siyabwino kwa iye. Maselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Zitha kugulidwa zokonzedwa zopangidwa kapena kupangidwa mosadalira pamatabwa, plywood, mauna kapena ndodo. Kufikira kwa odyetsa mbalame ndi akumwa kuyenera kukhala kwaulere.
Kukula kwa Quail pafupifupi, kuyambira masentimita 16 mpaka 21. Madera otetezedwa pazolinga 10 akuyenera kukhala osachepera 100 cm 50. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika zokhazokha pamwamba pake ndizosungira malo ndikuwathandiza.
Chipinda choyenera chomwe ma cellwo adzaikemo chizikhala chowuma, chotentha, chopanda kukonzekera, chikhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuteteza mawonekedwe ku dzuwa. Kuti muchepetse maola ambiri masana, kuunikanso koyenera kumafunikiranso.
- Sankhani komwe akuwonekere ndikuwoneka.
Dzira ndi nyama zimatha kuphatikizidwa bwino posankha mtundu wosakanikirana wapadziko lonse. Koma kwa oyamba kumene pankhaniyi, zinziri za ku Japan ndizoyenera kwambiri. Imakhala ndi zochulukitsitsa: mazira 300 pachaka, safuna kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa gulu ndipo sikuti akufuna kuti azidyetsa bwino. Yaikazi imayamba kununkha ikakwanitsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi ndi isanu ndi umodzi. Pazaka zinayi zokha, "kupha" kulemera kumayamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu ndiwofunikira ngati cholinga ndikupereka mazira asanu ndi awiri ndi nyama zinziri ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuti muchite izi, ingopezani chuma cha 50 zolinga. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chifukwa cha kupindika komanso kuchuluka kwachuma, chiwerengerochi chidzachulukira pafupifupi nthawi 10 pachaka.
Wamkazi ali mu ukapolo samaswa mazira, motero, ndikofunikira kuti azikoloweka anapiyewo pochita kupanga. Mukamadyetsa akuluakulu, amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamagulu chomwe chimawonjezera zokolola. Kuphatikiza kwa nkhono ndi mphutsi pazakudya ndikulandiridwa.
Apulo wokometsedwa, dzungu kapena karoti amawonjezeredwa ku zosakaniza za njere zazing'ono. Kuphika ndi zowonjezera zotere kumatha kubweretsa chimbudzi. Akuluakulu amawonjezera mchenga wowerengeka kuti azitha kugaya. Gawo lofunikira pakudya ndi masamba. Komabe, pali mndandanda wazomera zomwe siziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kudyetsa.
- Zodutsa kuchokera ku mbatata ndi phwetekere.
- Parsley
- Mabulosi.
- Selari.
- Sorelo.
- Rye.
- Raw ndi yophika buckwheat groats.
Chifukwa chodziteteza kwambiri, anapiye a zinziri amatha kupulumuka komanso kupewa matenda. Mazira a nyama ndi zinziri ndi hypoongegenic ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira komanso zofunika.
Zopatsa
Mbali ya zinziri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale amtengo wapatali pantchito yankhuku, ndizokhwima zawo komanso zipatso zambiri za dzira. Kuyika kwa mkazi kumayamba pakadutsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi atabadwa ndipo mchaka amatha kuyikira mazira mazana atatu. Pafupifupi 2.8 makilogalamu azakudya pa 1 kg iliyonse ya dzira.
Tikayerekezera kupanga mazira a zinziri ndi nkhuku, poganizira kuchuluka kwa thupi la mzimayi ndi kuchuluka kwa mazira ake, ndiye kuti zinziri zimatulutsa zipatso zochulukitsa katatu kuposa nkhuku.
Tebulo 1. Dzira ndikupanga mazira ambiri a zinziri zinziri kumayambiriro kwa mazira
Mbadwo wa Mbalame (masiku) | Kupanga mazira,% | Unyinji wa dzira (g) |
35-40 | 4,0 | 5,63 |
41-45 | 22,0 | 8,12 |
46-50 | 47,3 | 9,50 |
51-55 | 54,0 | 9,78 |
56-60 | 67,0 | 10,75 |
61-65 | 72,6 | 10,78 |
Poyamba, dzira ndi laling'ono (pafupifupi 5 g), koma pofika miyezi iwiri limafananizidwa ndi dzira lalikulu la akazi achikulire, omwe msinkhu wawo umafika miyezi 4-5, ndipo pafupifupi 10 g.
Mukakulitsa nkhuku, nyama imatsimikiziridwa pa kulemera kwake. Kwambiri mafuta onenepa a zinziri zinziri zimalola kuti zitheke kuchulukana katatu kuchuluka kwa mazira. Nthawi yomweyo, amathamanganso, koma adzayamba kutero pambuyo pake.
Kufotokozera za Mitundu
Zoweta ndi mzere wa zinziri zapakhomo kutengera mtundu wa zokolola zomwe amagawidwa:
- dzira litagona
- nyama
- ntchito wamba
- labotale.
Mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zinziri zamakono zapakhomo ndi izi:
- Chijapani. Choberekedwa ku Japan. Chifukwa cha ntchito yobereketsa, mizere ya zinziri za mazira a ku Japan idapangidwa, zomwe zidafalikiranso m'mayiko ena ambiri.
- Chingerezi choyera ndi chakuda. Chobereredwa ku England chifukwa cha kusintha masinthidwe a zinziri za ku Japan.
- Tuxedo. Kupezeka podutsa zinziri zakuda ndi zoyera za Chingerezi.
- Manchurian Golide. Wodziwika bwino pakati pa obereketsa chifukwa cha mazira akuluakulu kwambiri mwa mitundu.
- Marble. Wolengedwa ku Russia, nthenga za mtundu uwu zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala.
- Farao. Mitundu ya nyama, yowetedwa ku United States.
- Chiestonia. Mitundu wamba. Inadziwitsidwa mu 1988 mu SSR ya ku Estonia kuchoka kudutsa zinziri zoyera za ku Japan ndi ku England ndi mbalame za pharaoh.
Manchu Golden Quail
Chifukwa chiyani zinziri zimayesedwa?
Nyama ya quail ndi dzira ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa ogula ndipo ambiri mwa iwo amapanga gawo lofunika la zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Quailing ndilofala padziko lonse lapansi - mbalame zamtunduwu zimasinthidwa bwino kupita ku ukapolo ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusweka kwanyama ndi mazira awo.
M'mayiko osiyanasiyana a kuasia, pali mitundu ingapo ya kusaka ndi kutchera misomba wamba. Kwa nthawi yayitali panali mfuti komanso kambuku kosaka mbalameyi. Kuti tipeze zinziri tinagwiritsa ntchito maukonde osiyanasiyana, chitoliro chapadera cha nyambo kapena wamkazi wamoyo, galu, ngakhale ukonde woyandikira. Masiku ano, kusaka koteroko kukutchuka kwambiri, motero, ndi ndalama zokwanira kulima zinziri posaka malo osaka. Koma m'maiko ena aku Europe, kusaka zinziri nkoletsedwa.
Milandu ya poyizoni ndi nyama ya zinziri zamtchire amadziwika. Zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama za mbalame zapoizoni zomwe zimapezeka m'zomera zina. Milandu ya poyizoni imachitika kawirikawiri, koma pafupipafupi - kuchuluka kwambiri kwa iwo ku Russia amalembedwa koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira, mbalame zikayamba kuuluka nthawi yozizira.
Zinziri zotchuka ku Central Asia zimasungidwanso ngati mbalame zomenyera. Kumeneko, kumenyana kwa zinziri zamakhola ndizofala kwambiri. Eni ake a zinziri zomenyera nthawi zambiri ankazivala pachifuwa. Pansi pa bwalo lankhondo, lomwe nthawi zonse limakhala limodzi ndi kubetcha, maenje akulu anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito, m'makoma awo momwe owonera anali. Ndipo m'masiku ano, kumenyedwa kwa mbalamezi si zachilendo m'derali.
Komanso mu zinziri zakale zinali zamtengo wa mawu achimuna, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuyimba, ngakhale sakhala ofanana ndi iye, chifukwa amawoneka ngati kukuwa. Akazi anyani sangapange mawu ngati amenewa. Ku Russia isanatembenuke, zinziri nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'malo osungira ngati nyimbo. Mpaka pano, mbalameyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zokongoletsera, koma izi ndizochepa kuchokera pakufuna kwa bizinesi.
Zochitika panyumba
Masikono ndimasungidwa bwino m'matumba omwe amatha kuyikamo nyumba, m'chipinda chapamwamba kapena khola. Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala chotseguka bwino, chotentha, chowala komanso chosagwirizana ndi makoswe.
Poika ndi kusunga zinziri, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuonedwa:
- Katemera ayenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za mbalame,
- Zakudyazo zimasankhidwa poganizira zaka za zinziri komanso cholinga chokonzera,
- Mbalame ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino.
Chipinda
Pokonza zinziri, ndichizolowezi kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yazitsulo, yamatabwa kapena yamagulu awiri.
Zipangizo zama cell-zitsulo zonse ndi aluminiyamu, duralumin ndi chitsulo. Maselo oterewa ali ndi mikhalidwe yofunika kwambiri:
- kukhazikika,
- ukhondo
- kupatsirana kuwala.
Pali zovuta zina pamapangidwe oterowo - nthawi yozizira ndizabwino kwambiri, ndikupanga khola kunyumba ndikovuta.
Kupanga maselo am matabwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yolimba:
Mitundu yokongoletsa ya zinziri imafunika osowa ndi bolodi lokwezedwa komanso thireyi yotsetsereka yokutidwa ndi mchenga 3 cm. Izi zinziri timakonda kusambira mumchenga, chifukwa chake zimayenera kuyeretsa zosowazo nthawi zambiri.
Kuwala
Kutalika kwa masana masana komanso kukula kwa kuwunikira mu khola ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa zinziri.
M'nyengo yozizira, tsiku likakhala lalifupi kwambiri, zinziri zina sizikhala ndi nthawi yodya zakudya zamasiku onse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mwachilengedwe maola owerengera masana mpaka maola 17 ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
Zakhazikitsidwa kuti kuunika kwa mbalame zachilengedwe zamtundu wa incandescent ndi kuwala kwa gasi (zachuma) zowululidwa ndi mbalameyo kwathunthu (kupatula mphamvu ya ma radiation a ultraviolet) m'malo mwa kuwala kwadzuwa.
Gawo la ultraviolet lomwe limakhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, lochedwa ndi galasi la pawindo komanso kusakhalapo pakayatsa kwanyumba, lili ndi bactericidal kwambiri ndipo limalimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa vitamini D. Chifukwa chake, mu nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito zinziri masana pa khonde kapena pabwalo kuti mbalame zitha kulandira muyezo wovomerezeka wa ultraviolet. Koma gawo la ng ombeyo liyenera kutetezedwa kuti mbalame zisatenthe kwambiri komanso kulandira kutentha.
M'zipinda zoyatsidwa bwino komanso mutayatsidwa ndi dzuwa, zinziri zimamva bwino, kupanga mazira kumawonjezeka, achinyamata amakula.
Kutalika kwa zowunikira zowonjezera kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo muutali wa tsiku, komanso mkhalidwe wamanyengo. Mu nyengo yamitambo, kuyatsa kuyenera kuyatsidwa kale, nyengo zopanda mitambo - pambuyo pake.
Chinyezi
Chinyezi mzipinda momwe zinziri zinakuliramo siziyenera kupitirira 50%. Pakakhala chinyezi chochepa, mbalame zimayamba kumwa kwambiri ndikudya zakudya zochepa, kupanga mazira kumachepa, nthenga zimayamba kuluma, zimakhala zolimba. Mtengo woyenera wa chinyezi cha m zipinda zokhala ndi zinziri uli mulingo kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 70%.
Pa chinyezi chotsika mchipindacho, pansi chimayenera kuthiriridwa kapena mathirakiti ndi madzi ayenera kuyikiratu. Makamaka yang'anirani chinyezi pakuwotcha komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa chipindacho.
Kutentha
Kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhudza kupanga mazira, kulemera kwa dzira ndi mtundu, kudya zakudya, kulemera kwa mbalame, komanso thanzi. Kutentha kwenikweni kwa zinziri kumawonedwa kuti ndi 16-20 ° C.
Ndi kutentha kwawonjezereka kwa mpweya, kumwa madzi ndi zinziri kumawonjezeka, gawo lalikulu la chakudya cham'mimba mwa mbalame limadzaza ndi madzi, ndipo chinyezi ndi zinyalala mchipindacho zimachulukirachulukira. Popeza kutentha kwa thupi ndi madzi ofunikira nkhuku zabwino zili zazitali kuposa zazimuna ndi zazikazi zomwe sizithamangathamanga, zimawavuta kuzolowera kusintha kwachilengedwe.
Zida Zam'manja
Musanayambe kudzaza ndowezo ndi zinziri, ziyenera kukhala ndi zokuthandizani ndi mbale zomwera.
Nzika zikasungidwa m'magulu, odyetserawo ayenera kutulutsidwa m'thirimo ndikuyika kutsogolo kwake. Zida za feed ziyenera kukwaniritsa izi:
- kumasuka kukonza
- kuchepa kwakachetechete
- kusowa kotheka kuipitsidwa ndi zinyalala,
- chinyezi kukana.
Zakudya zopangira zinziri zoweta ndizopangidwa ndi chitsulo. M'maselo opangidwa ndi mafakitale, wodyetsa amaperekedwa ndi kapangidwe.
Ndi zinziri chimodzi, chakumwa cha khola chija chimayikidwa panja, ngati chowadyetsa - kutsogolo kwa bowo lomwe lili kukhoma lam'mbali. Itha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zomwezo zomwe zimadyetsa.
Mwa odyetsa opanda ungwiro, kuchepa kwa zakudya kumatha kufika 15-30%.
Mitundu yazakudya ndi zakudya zinziri
Zomwe zimapangidwira zinziri za zinziri ziyenera kukhala:
- Mbewu, zinyalala za tirigu, nyemba ndi nyemba za udzu - nyemba, vetch, nandolo, hempseed, chimanga, buckwheat, mbewu za poppy, oats, pearl barele, mapira, tirigu tirigu, mapira, mpunga, udzu, manyumwa ndi chumiza, soya, mphodza, barele, mafuta am'mafuta, chakudya, chinangwa.
- Zowonjezera nyama - mafuta, zinziri magazi kapena magazi, nsomba ndi nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba zam'madzi, yogati, kanyumba tchizi, nsungu zamagazi, mphutsi ya ufa, nyama ndi fupa chakudya, nyongolotsi, mphutsi, mazira.
- Mavitamini A, D, E, C, PP Gulu B - yophika mbatata, dandelions, kabichi, nettle, clover, nyemba, udzu, anyezi wobiriwira, kaloti, beets, dzungu, zukini, singano ndi ufa wosakanizira, adyo.
- Madera - miyala, miyala, mafupa, mchere, zipolopolo, mazira.
Pazakudya zosakwanira komanso zopatsa thanzi zambiri, zakudya za zinziri zingaphatikizepo: ma proxes, mapuloteni ndi mavitamini othandizira, yisiti, ndi chiktonik.
Ngati nkosatheka kudyetsa zinziri ndi chakudya chamagulu, zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi zodyera zosakanizika ndi zosakaniza (mphaka). Kuphatikizika kwa zosakaniza zotere kuyenera kuphatikizapo tirigu, mapuloteni (protein), vitamini ndi mchere.
Gome 2. Kufunika kwa zinziri pazinthu zina
Ma Elements, mg | Mgwirizano | Zaka za zinziri (masabata) | ||
mpaka 6 | kuyambira 6 mpaka 12 | akuluakulu | ||
Calcium | % | 1,30 | 0,60 | 4,50 |
Phosphorous | — | 0,75 | 0,60 | 0,70 |
Magnesium | 0,02 | 0,04 | 0,04 | |
Potaziyamu | 0,30 | 0,30 | 0,50 | |
Manganese | mg / kg | 90,0 | 90,0 | 90,0 |
Selenium | — | 1,00 | 1,00 | 1,00 |
Iodini | — | 0,40 | 1,20 | 1,20 |
Zinc | — | 65,0 | 75,0 | 75,0 |
Chuma | 8,00 | 20,0 | 20,0 | |
Mkuwa | — | 2,00 | 3,00 | 3,00 |
Kodi kuswana zinziri?
Kukula kwanyumba komanso kukongoletsa zinzirizo zitha kugwidwa m'njira ziwiri: zopanga - mu chofungatira komanso zachilengedwe - pansi pa nkhuku. Mutha kuthira mazira aliwonse omwe alandiridwa m'nyumba, kupatula okhawo omwe akukanidwa. Zotsirizazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa anapiye ndi anthu.
Dzira lomwe langobadwa kumene ndilabwino kwambiri. Kuchokera mazira otere, anapiye amakokana m'mbuyomu, amakula bwino ndikukula msanga.
Mazira otsatirawa amaonedwa kuti ndi osayenera kuphatikizidwa:
- mawonekedwe osakhazikika
- ndi ma yolks awiri
- ndi yolki yosamutsidwa kapena kutsatira chipolopolo,
- chipinda choyendayenda
- kukhudzidwa ndi nkhungu komanso kukhala ndi mawanga amdima.
Makulitsidwe
Chofungatira chikuyenera kupereka kutentha ndi chinyezi chokwanira kuti chikule. Ikani mazira mmenemo mutakwaniritsa zofunika kukonza. Mazira amayenera kuyikiridwa mu ma tray ndi kumapeto kosamveka, pang'ono pang'ono. Muyenera kuyang'ana chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa chofungatira pafupipafupi, kutembenuzira mazira maola awiri aliwonse.
Mimbulu ya Quail imakhala yovuta kutengera kusintha kwa kutentha kwa chofungatira kuposa mazira enanso ambiri a mbalame. Amalekerera mosavuta kutentha ngati madzi atha ndikutha kutentha mpaka 40 ° C.
Patsiku la 16, kuyambika kwa kukhazikika, mazira amawonedwa pa ovoscope. Kufikira panthawiyi, mazira okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino ayenera kudzaza zonse za dzira, kupatula pachipinda cha mpweya kumapeto kwake. Pambuyo pakuwona pa ovoscope, mazira okhala ndi mazira amoyo ayenera kusamutsidwa mosamala kwa iye wopanga.Chigoba panthawiyi ndi chochepa kwambiri komanso chosalimba, motero muyenera kuchita mosamala kwambiri.
Pakadali pano, mazira okhala ndi maimfa akufa kapena opanda mazira amawonekera, zomwe zili mkati mwake zimakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira. Mazira okhala ndi mazira akufa pambuyo pake amakhala amtundu wakuda. M'mazira okhala ndi mazira amoyo, mtundu wa zomwe zili mkati ndi pinki.
Zinthu zikukula
Anapiye athanzi, athanzi lathunthu amaikidwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi ma hita amagetsi.
Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti anapiye omwe ali pansi pa magetsi otenthetsera magetsi amapezeka moyenerera pansi pa magetsi. Kukhazikika kwa anapiye kumawonetsa kuti kutentha kwa chipinda kumakhala kotsika kwambiri. Kutentha kwambiri sikumayeneranso anapiye: amayamba kudya madzi ambiri ndikuwonongeka, komwe kumakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko.
Tebulo 3. Kukula kwa zinziri
Masiku azaka | 1-8 | 8-15 | 15-21 | 21-30 |
Kutentha kochepa mu brooder, + ° C | 35-36 | 29-32 | 25-27 | 20-24 |
Kutentha kwapanja, + ° C (kulimitsa kunja) | 27-28 | 25-26 | 23-25 | 20-22 |
Dyetsani g / tsiku pamutu uliwonse wofunikira | 4 | 7 | 13 | 15 |
Kutalika kwaola / ola | 24 | 24 | 22-20 | 20-17 |
Pasakhale zolemba m'chipindacho. Nthochi za pakati pa milungu iwiri mpaka inayi zimamera pabedi la utuchi kapena pamchenga wopanda mchere. Kenako kukula kwachikondicho kumasinthidwa kumakhola komwe mbalame yayitali imasungidwa. Kutalika kwa kuyatsa kwa anapiye mpaka milungu itatu ya zaka kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 18-20 patsiku, ndiye kuti amachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka maola 17.
Kudyetsa anapiye
Kuyambira tsiku loyamba laulimi, anapiyewo amapatsidwa chakudya ndi madzi. Mulingo wamadzi mu chakumwa sayenera kupitilira 0,5 cm kuti anapiye asamire. Mu chakudya, nyama yazinyama iyenera kukhalapo:
- omeled wosenda bwino,
- nyongolotsi zazing'ono,
- magazi.
Zitsamba zodulidwa bwino bwino ziyeneranso kuperekedwa. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa anapiye pafupipafupi, koma pazigawo zazing'ono, popeza chakudya chofewa (dzira lowiritsa, nsomba yophika, ndi zina) zimawonongeka msanga. Pa tsiku la 4, dzira pang'onopang'ono limasiyanitsidwa ndi zakudya.
M'masiku 4-7 oyambira, anapiye sayenera kupatsidwa mchenga wamtsinje. Samasiyanitsa ndi chakudya ndipo, amapukutira, amatha kufa. Chifukwa chake, m'masiku oyamba amoyo wa anapiye, ndibwino kuti mukhalebe ndi pepala, lomwe limasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Madzi akumwa amatsanuliridwa m'makapu athyathyathya.
Asanayike mazira (m'magulu amanyama amayamba pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mazira), nyama zazing'ono zimagawidwa ndikugonana ndikusamutsidwa kwa akuluakulu kapena kunenepa.
Gome 4: Zamoyo za nyama zazing'ono kutengera zaka
Zaka (masiku) | Zinziri zinziri (g) | |||
mayendedwe a dzira | mtundu wa nyama | |||
zazikazi | amuna | zazikazi | amuna | |
1 | 6-8 | 6-8 | 8-10 | 8-10 |
10 | 20-25 | 20-25 | 35-45 | 35-45 |
20 | 55-60 | 55-60 | 70-80 | 70-80 |
30 | 85 | 75 | 135 | 120 |
45 | 95 | 85 | 160 | 140 |
60 | 120 | 110 | 200 | 180 |
Werengani zambiri za kuswana ndi kusamalira mbalame pano.
Thanzi la mbalame
Musanakule zinziri, muyenera kusamalira kwawo. Sipayenera kukhala ndi zojambula zowuma komanso zowuma. Zizindikiro kuti mbalamezo sizikhala zabwino kwa mbalamezo zidzakhala zopindika pang'ono komanso kutaya nthenga kumutu kapena kumbuyo.
Ngati mbalamezi kwanthawi yayitali sizikhala zosakwanira, ndiye kuti maula ake onse amakhala opanda pake. Kuthetsa vutoli kuthandizira kuthetsa zojambulazo ndikupanga chinyezi chokwanira cha zinziri.
Kukula kwam'ng'ono kuyenera kukulidwa mosiyana ndi akulu. Ma microflora achizolowezi, omwe amadziunjikira thupi la mbalame wamkulu, amatha kupha anapiye.
Kuphatikiza pa zovuta ndi nyumba ya nkhuku, ziwerengero zawo zimakhudzanso thanzi la mbalame. Ngati nyumbayo ndi yaying'ono ndipo mumapezeka mbalame zambiri, ndiye kuti amatha kuyamba kupendana. Izi zimabweretsa kuvulala kosiyanasiyana ndi kufa.
Ukhondo
Ukhondo m'khola ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zothandizira kuti mbalame zizikhala zathanzi. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kuyang'anira ukhondo wa zida ndi zida, chotsani zinyalala mu khola.
M'nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsuka odyetserawo ndi mbale zomwera, ndikukhala oyera zovala: mchenga, utuchi. Kuphatikizika kwa madonthowa ndi uve mu maselo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yabwino yazipatso.
Pasakhale mipata iliyonse m'malo mwake, kuti makoswe alowe mkatikati, makoswe omwe adawonekera akuyenera kufafanizidwa. Mbalame zakufa ndi zapamtunda zomwe akuganiza kuti zimadwala ziyenera kupatulidwa kuderalo ndi ziweto zotsalazo.
Matenda a mbalame
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda omwe sangathe kufalitsa kachakudya ndi kusowa kapena kuperewera kwa zinziri. Zotsatira zakusowa kwa mavitamini athanzi, mbalamezi zimayamba kulakwitsa mavitamini.
Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndi chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwa michere:
- kusowa kwa chakudya,
- mutu ukupindika,
- khosi kukulira
- kutsitsa mapiko
- nthenga zopsereza.
Ndi chithandizo cha vuto lotere, mutha kuthana nokha, osakhudzana ndi veterinarian. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga chakudya chokwanira cha mbalameyi.
Mwa zina mwa matenda omwe amapezeka ndi zinziri, ambiri ndi awa:
- Nthenda yatsopano
- pulorosis
- aspergillosis
- colibacillosis,
- pasteurellosis
- matenda opatsirana m'mimba.
Kupewa matenda opatsirana ndikosavuta kuposa kuchiza. Monga njira yothanirana, muli ndi zakumwa za koloko kapena chlorine zomwe zingayikidwe m'nyumba. Zotsatira zabwino pankhaniyi zikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za ultraviolet.
Mikhalidwe yosavomerezeka
Magawo osayenerera a microclimate omwe amachititsa kupsinjika mu mbalame amatha kuphatikizira zolakwika zilizonse pazisamaliro za zinziri, kudya kwawo, kupezeka kwa zakunja zakunja, ndi zina zambiri.
Kupsinjika mtima kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha izi:
- njala,
- kusintha kwakuthwa kwakudya
- phokoso lalikulu
- zolimba m'malo osungira mbalame,
- kutentha kosayenera komanso chinyezi
- ochepa okosijeni ndende.
Kuti asunge mbalame, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zonse zofunikira kuti ikhalepobe. Zoyipa zilizonse ziyenera kuthetsedwa.
Mtengo wa zinziri
Lero, dzira lolowelera kwa kumaswa lingagulidwe kwa ma ruble 10-35, kutengera mtundu. Mitengo ya zinziri za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 30-60 rubles. Makamaka osowa komanso okwera mtengo - 300-500 rubles.
Mtengo wa mbalame zoyenera kuphedwa ndi ma ruble 50-150. Mtembo wopangidwa ndi zinziri wokonzedwa wokwera pafupifupi ma ruble 600 pa kilogalamu imodzi. Mtengo wa mazira a zinziri woyenera kudya ndi ma ruble 30 mpaka 40 pa dazeni.
Ndikwabwino kugula mbalame pakugwa: nthawi yachisanu imamera, imakhala yolimba ndipo zazikazi zimayamba kuyikira mazira.
Quail ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa mbalame yomwe nyama yake ndi mazira ndizothandiza kwambiri mthupi la munthu. Kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zambiri, muyenera kudziwa mfundo zazikulu za kuswana ndi kusunga anapiye. Ngati zonse zachitika molingana ndi malamulo, ndiye kuti zotsatira zomwe mukufuna sizikhala patali.
Habitat
Chimbudzi wamba - mbalame, yomwe zisa zake zimapezeka mozungulira gawo lonse la Eastern Europe. M'malo am'nyumba, ndiofala ku Siberia, kuyambira kumtunda wa Lena River mpaka kumapeto kwa Zilumba za Solovetsky. Mbalame za Quail zimatha kuwonekanso ku Scandinavia. Kuchuluka kwathunthu ku North America. Pali mitundu ina ku India, China, Mongolia.
Quail - mbalame yosamukira kapena ayi?
Oyimira mitundu yomwe imakhala m'mitunda yamtunda, pomwe kutentha kosasunthika kwa malo ozungulira kumawonedwa, monga lamulo, samachoka m'malo omwe angakhale. Ndiye mbalame yosamukayo ndi zinziri kapena ayi? Ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimatumizidwa kumayiko akumwera chaka chilichonse, komwe kwawo ndi malo ozizira.
Mbalame zinziri sizimasinthidwa kukhala maulendo ataliatali. Mphamvu zamitundu yomwe ili mumlengalenga sizimatchedwa kuti zabwino. Kugonjera mtunda wawutali pakusamuka, nthawi zambiri amira pansi kuti asangalale. Kuchokera kumadera akumpoto njira zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'maiko aku Africa ndi Asia. Apa ndipamene zinziri zimazizira, kenako ndikubwerera kumalo komwe zimabadwira, komwe zimakaberekanso ana.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala mbalame za zinziri
Zinziri zamtchire ndi za banja la pheasant, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosaposa 100-150 magalamu, zimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 20 cm ndipo ndizochepa kwambiri nkhuku. Nthenga za zinziri zimabatizidwa mu utoto wamafuta.
Pamwamba pamutu ndi mapiko, kumbuyo ndi torso ndizodzaza ndimdima komanso kuwala, mawanga a bulauni ndi mikwingwirima, monga tikuwonera chithunzi cha mbalame. Quail utoto woterewu umakhala chobisalira bwino kwambiri.
Ndipo zinziri zikagona pansi, zimavuta kuzizindikira. M'mimba mwa mbalameyo mumakhala mtundu wowala. Quail ndi zinziri Amasiyana pakhungu la pakhosi, chifukwa mwaimuna ndimtundu wakuda komanso wamtundu wakuda, pomwe ukazi umayera, ndipo zinziri zimakhalanso ndi mawanga pachifuwa.
Mbalamezi ndi gulu la nkhuku, ndipo matupi ake ndi osiyana ndi nkhuku, kokha kukula kwake ndi mtundu wake. Zakutchire zinziri – mbalame zamtundukuwerenga pafupifupi mitundu isanu ndi inayi.
Pa chithunzichi, zinziri zimadzigoneka zokha mu udzu.
Chodziwika kwambiri mwaiwo ndi zinziri wamba. Malo okhala mbalame ndi ochulukirachulukira ndipo akuphatikiza ku Eurasia, Kumpoto ndi South Africa komanso chilumba cha Madagascar. Nthawi yomweyo, kumwera kwa dziko lomwe kale linali USSR, mbalameyi idakhala chinthu chosangalatsa komanso chosodza, zomwe zidachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinziri, makamaka kudera lankhondo.
Mbonizi zimadzivutikanso chifukwa chakuchepa kwa malo a madera omwe amakonzera msipu ndi malo osungira udzu, momwe mbalame zimakonda kubereka. Ambiri a zinziri anafa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zida zokolola m'maderawa, chifukwa udzu utali ndi mkate ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri, kusanjidwa ndi kuswana kwa mbalamezi. Nkhuku za Quail kunja kwenikweni sikufanana ndi kuthengo, kumangokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira.
Zifukwa zophera nyama
Mpaka lero, zinziri wamba zimakhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakondweretsa osaka masewera. M'masiku akale, nkhuku kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu zinali zamalonda. Malingaliro awa kwa mbalame panjira ya anthu adapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa mitundu. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha zinziri kumawonedwa m'malo a nkhalango. M'mbuyomu m'magawo awa, chiwerengero chinali chachikulu kwambiri.
Chifukwa china chozimiririka pang'onopang'ono mbalame za zinziri m'khola lawo ndikupanga malo olimapo. Chifukwa chake, madera a udzu wokhala ndi udzu wandiweyani amachepetsedwa. Malo amenewa ndi omwe amathandizira mbalame za zinziri kuti zizipezeka chakudya ndi kuswana.
Chaka chilichonse, zinziri zambiri zimafa ndikudya msipu ndi makina opanga mafakitale. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasiya kuyikira mazira pomwe zochitika za anthu ziyamba kumunda. Vutoli ndikuti gawo logwira pantchito yolima imagwera ndendende nthawi yomwe mbalame zimasanjidwa.
Kodi munthu amatani kuti atetezere zachilengedwe? Pofuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinziri, njira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zimachitika. Monga machitidwe awonetsera, yankho lothandiza kwambiri ndikupanga njira zolerera mbalame zazing'ono m'malo osungira ndi mafamu apadera.
Mtengo wachuma
Masiku ano, zinziri zimayamba kukhala nkhuku. Kukula kwakukulu kwa nkhokwe zachilengedwe monga mbalame kumawonedwa ku United States. Chifukwa choti zinziri ndizosankhika posankha chakudya, komanso m'malo okhala komanso momwe zimakhalira, zimatha kubereka mwachangu ndende.
Ndizofunika kudziwa kuti zinziri zomwe zapezeka kale zasintha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anthu amtchire. Choyamba, izi zimakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa mazira, pomwe unyinji wawo wafika pafupifupi 45%. Kuphatikiza apo, zinziri za m'nyumba, monga zosafunikira, zidalephera kuuluka. Mwa mbalame zomwe zimasungidwa m malo a mafamu ndi ziweto zapanyumba, kuchepa kwa zikhalidwe, za kuwononga mazira, kusamalira mazira, ndi chisamaliro chotsatira cha ana zimadziwika.
Masiku ano, mazira a zinziri amatha kuwoneka pafupi shopu iliyonse. Ntchito zopangira mbalamezi zimawoneka zabwino kwambiri, ndizopindulitsa. Monga lamulo, nkhuku za zinziri zimasungidwa kwa chaka ndi theka. Mtsogolomo, zimatulutsa mazira ochepa ndipo ndizoyenera nyama zokha. Muukapolo, zinziri sizikhala motalika. Kukalamba kwenikweni kwa mbalame zotere kumawerengedwa kuti ndi pafupifupi zaka 4-5.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera
Quail (kapena zinziri wamba) ndi mbalame yomwe ndi ya banja lachi pheasant. Banja ili ndi mitundu eyiti yomwe ilipo. Pheasant - banja losiyanasiyana la mbalame zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, njira zawo komanso malo okhala.
Zotsatirazi zikugwirizanitsa mbalame zosiyanasiyana:
- mitala,
- mbalame sizikhala zazitali-zazitali, zazimuna, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi akazi angapo,
- Kutchulidwa kwachimodzimodzi ndi amuna,
- Mitundu yawo ndi yosiyana ndi ya akazi, imakhala yowala,
- notch kumbali yakumapeto kwa sternum, fupi yaifupi ya chala chakumbuyo,
- mapiko ozungulira, okhala ndi mapiko ozungulira.
Mbalame zam'banja sizimawuluka nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zimadziwa kuchita. Chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri koma thupi ndiloti limayenda mwamphamvu, amathamanga kwambiri ndipo amakonda kugona ndi mabanja awo pansi, muudzu wautali kapena zitsamba. Chifukwa cha njira iyi ya moyo, nthawi zambiri amakhala olusa a zazing'onozing'ono ndi zazing'ono, ndipo amakhalanso chinthu chosaka anthu. Nyama ya Pheasant imawonedwa kwambiri pamsika wamasewera.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu ina yamatsenga imatha kuberekana.
Pa nthawi yogona, abambo amalimbana kusiya ana. Mazira amayikidwa mu chisa - kukhumudwa pansi, kukhathamiritsa ndi masamba owuma ndi udzu. Mabanja ena amapanga kagulu kakang'ono.
Zomwe mungasunge kunyumba
Kubala zinziri ndi ntchito yosavuta. Mbalamezi ndizoweta bwino komanso ndizodziwika, monga nkhuku. Zitha kusungidwa m'mathala komanso m'makhola, momwe mumatha kukhala mbalame 4-5. Zoyipa ndi mitengo yake sizichita bungwe. Akapolo, akazi amaikira mazira mwachindunji pamtunda ndi dothi louma.
Malo a Quail ali ndi mbale zomwera ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pama grates kuchokera kunja. Malo otetezedwa kapena khola amayikidwa m'chipinda chofunda, chowuma, momwe kuwala kochepa kumakhalabe tsiku lonse. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthe kutulutsa zinziri poyera, chifukwa izi zimawadzetsa chisangalalo ndikulimbana ndi abale.
Kubadwira oimira mitundu ali mu ukapolo kumatheka pokhapokha mazira. Kupatula apo, akazi obadwira samva kufunika kopaka ana. Abusa nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira zinziri kuti nkhuku. Komabe, pankhaniyi, ndizotheka kuti aphwanyidwa.
Zinziri zimadyetsedwa makamaka ndi njere. Zakudya za barele, burwheat, mapira, ndi oatmeal zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mbalame zotere zimamva kufunikira kwa chakudya chama protein ambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga nyama yokhala ndi minced, nsomba zozama, tchizi. Zinzirizo zimapatsidwanso nthangala, kaloti, kabichi. Mazira tsiku ndi tsiku amaperekedwa ndi mazira, miyala ing'onoing'ono.
Pomaliza
Monga mukuwonera, zinziri wamba ndizosangalatsa, zachilendo. Osati kale kwambiri, mbalamezi zimatha kuwoneka pena paliponse kuthengo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zinziri ndizochulukirapo masiku ano. Nyanja ndi mbalame zobisika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuphunzira za moyo wawo komanso zizolowezi zawo kuti ateteze mitunduyi ndi ntchito yovuta.
Khalidwe ndi moyo wa mbalame ya zinziri
Mbalame ya Quail m'maiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri samachoka komwe amakhala, koma kumawombera kumwera kuchokera kumadera ozizira chaka chilichonse. Mbalameyi siitha kuyenda pandege zokongola komanso zazitali, komanso imathawa kwa adani.
Ikuthamangira kumwamba, mbalameyo imatha kukwera pamwamba kwambiri ndikuuluka pamwamba, ndikukupiza mapiko ake nthawi zambiri.Chimbudzi chimakhala pansi, pakati pa udzu wandiweyani, chomwe chasiya mawonekedwe ndi mbalame.
Grass imateteza zinziri kwa adani, ndipo ichi ndi chivundikiro chodalirika chomwe amaopa kuchisiya ngakhale kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Amakonda kukokerana pafupi ndi nthaka, zinzirizo sizikhala pamitengo. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbalame zikulemera kwambiri ndipo zikupita kumalo achisanu kumayiko a South Asia ndi Africa.
M'mbuyomu, zinziri zinali zamtengo wapatali ngati zovala za nyimbo. Koma kuyimba kwenikweni kumangotchedwa mawu a amuna okhaokha, komwe kumakondweretsa khutu lozama. Akazi amapanga nyimbo ngati nyimbo zosangalatsa. Kutulutsa kwa mbalame za zinziri wotchuka kwambiri panthawiyo m'chigawo cha Kursk.
Ma Quail anali atakhala ku Japan wakale, komwe ankawagwiritsa ntchito kupangira nyama ndi mazira, komanso ankawaba ngati mbalame zokongoletsera. Ku USSR, mbalame zidangoyambitsidwa kokha mu 60s ya zaka zapitazi, pomwe zinayamba kubereka m'minda yambiri.
Nkhuku zamtunduwu, mosiyana ndi abale awo akuthengo, pafupifupi zidalephera kuuluka, komanso kufunitsitsa kwawo kwa ndege zoyenda nthawi yachisanu komanso chibadwa cha mbalame. Samakola ngakhale anapiye awoawo.
Quail nthawi zambiri imabisidwa mu ulimi kuti ikapeze mazira. Siopanda chidwi kwenikweni komanso alibe mtima wofatsa. Kukonza kwawo sikutanthauza chilichonse chapadera. Amatha kubereka ngakhale m'maselo ang'onoang'ono, ochepa komanso osadwala.
Mu chithunzi zinayi mazira
Mazira a Quail amatengedwa kuti ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira. Ndipo zimatha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi, ndichifukwa chake zimadwala kwambiri kuposa mbalame zina, chifukwa cha kagayidwe kake kwambiri, ndipo sizikufunika katemera.
Gulani mbalame za zinziri ndizotheka kumafamu a nkhuku komanso kudzera pa intaneti. Kubala mbalame zamtunduwu ndizopindulitsa osati kungopeza mazira.
Nyama ndiyabwino kwambiri mbalame zinziri. Gulani pamsika kapena m'malo ogulitsira mungathenso kusaka ndodo zapadera ndi mabokosi osungira nyama zazing'ono. Mtengo wa mbalame ya zinziri zimatengera zaka. Ma buluku amalipira ndalama zokwana ma ruble 50, ndipo akuluakulu ochokera ku ruble 150 kapena kupitilira apo.
Ku Central Asia, nthawi ina mbalame zinalengedwa kuti zimenyane ndi zinziri zochititsa chidwi, pomwe anthu omwe anali ndi tchire anali kubetchera ndipo ankapangira tija. Eni ake nthawi zambiri ankakonda kuvala zinzirizo pachifuwa ndipo ankawakonda kwambiri.
Quail - mbalame yosamukira kapena ayi?
Oyimira mitundu yomwe imakhala m'mitunda yamtunda, pomwe kutentha kosasunthika kwa malo ozungulira kumawonedwa, monga lamulo, samachoka m'malo omwe angakhale. Ndiye mbalame yosamukayo ndi zinziri kapena ayi? Ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimatumizidwa kumayiko akumwera chaka chilichonse, komwe kwawo ndi malo ozizira.
Mbalame zinziri sizimasinthidwa kukhala maulendo ataliatali. Mphamvu zamitundu yomwe ili mumlengalenga sizimatchedwa kuti zabwino. Kugonjera mtunda wawutali pakusamuka, nthawi zambiri amira pansi kuti asangalale. Kuchokera kumadera akumpoto njira zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'maiko aku Africa ndi Asia. Apa ndipamene zinziri zimazizira, kenako ndikubwerera kumalo komwe zimabadwira, komwe zimakaberekanso ana.
Kanema: Quail
Mapiri okhala ndi mapiko afupiafupi omwe amaphimba thupi lawo, mutu wawung'ono ndi khosi lalitali loonda. Miyendo yayikulu imawalola kuthamanga, kuthana ndi zopinga ndikukumba pansi pakusaka mbewu kapena kumanga chisa. Ngakhale zigwadwi zili m'miyendo yao, zinziri sizitha kudziteteza kwa zilombo. Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyanasiyana zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimawonekera kale sabata lachitatu la moyo pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa anapiye. Amuna amakula mwachangu, amakula ndikukula.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya banja la pheasant, amuna kapena akazi a zinziri zomwe zimakhala ndi thonje.
Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi akazi: amakhala ndi bere lofiirira (pomwe akazi ndi oyera), amakhala ndi zikaso zachikaso pamaso ndi pakamwa. Iwonso ndi okulira kukula kwake, komabe amakonda kupewa kudya zankhondo kuposa nkhondo. Zovala zazimuna ndizitali komanso zamphamvu, chifukwa zimafunikira kumenyerana wina ndi mnzake nthawi ya matuza.
Kodi zinziri zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Quail ku Russia
Iyi ndi mbalame yofala kwambiri, yomwe yatchuka ngati masewera m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi.
Izi ndizodziwika mu:
- Europe
- Kumpoto kwa Africa
- West Asia
- Madagascar (mbalame zimakonda kukhala chaka chonse popanda ndege chifukwa cha kuchuluka kowerengeka kwa adani achilengedwe),
- kum'mawa kwa Baikal komanso kudera lapakati Russia.
Zinziri zotchuka, zomwe ndizofala ku Russia, zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: European and Japan. Mbalame za ku Japan zimakhala ndi malo ku Japan ndipo tsopano zimagawidwa kuma famu a nkhuku zanyama ndi mazira, kotero kuchuluka kwawo kuthengo kwachepa. Zinziri za ku Europe ndizofala kwambiri. Chifukwa cha moyo wosasunthika, mbalameyi imawuluka mtunda wautali chifukwa cha malo ogona. Zoyipa zili mpaka ku Middle Iran ndi Turkmenistan, komwe zimawombera kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Kumpoto - pakati pakati pa Russia - magulu a zinziri zimawuluka koyambirira kwa Meyi ndi anapiye okhwima kale.
Chosangalatsa: Ku Russia, amakonda kusaka zinziri ndendende nthawi yomwe akupita kumadera otentha nyengo yachisanu - mbalame zambiri zimawulukira mlengalenga ndipo ndizosavuta kudutsamo. Kusaka kotere, agalu ophunzitsidwa bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amabweretsa mbalame yowombayo kwa mlenje.
Mbalame imakonda kukhazikika kumapiri ndi m'minda kuposa nkhalango. Izi ndichifukwa cha chizolowezi chake chokhala moyo wapadziko lapansi, kuphatikiza apo, amamanga zisa mu nthaka. Quail amakonda nyengo yonyowa, osalolera kutentha kwambiri.
Kodi zinziri zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Gawo la Quail
Quail - mbalame zopatsa chidwi zomwe zimatha gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo m'malo ovuta a Russia. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zawo ndizoyenera - izi ndi mbewu, chimanga, udzu wobiriwira (quinoa, thabwa, nyemba, dandelion, anyezi wamtchire), mizu ndi tizilombo. Kuthengo, anapiye a mbalamezi amadya chakudya chama protein ambiri: mphutsi za kafadala, kachilomboka ndi tizilombo tina "zofewa".
Ndi zaka, mbalame imasinthira kuzakudya zopangidwa ndi mbewu zambiri - izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi limasiya kukula ndipo limafunikira mapuloteni ambiri. Ngakhale ndikofunikira kuti anapiye akula msanga ndikuyamba kuwuluka, kuti athe kukonzekera kuthamanga kwakatali pakati pa maiko ndi ma kontinenti mwezi umodzi. Chingwe chomwe sichimadya chakudya chama protein ambiri chimangofa nthawi ya kuthawa kapena kupita kwa olusa.
Popeza zinziri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhuku, zakudya zake ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi zomwe zimakonda kukhala "zakuthengo". Nthochi, monga mapuloteni ndi calcium, zimapatsidwa tchizi tchizi chosakanizidwa ndi dzira lowiritsa. Nthawi zina ufa wa chimanga umawonjezedwedwa kuti umuna sugwirizana.
Mbalame zazikulu zimadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chokonzekera zinziri - chakudya cha nkhuku sichikwanira. Mitundu yonse ya mavitamini ndi chinangwa imaphatikizidwa, kuti mbalamezo zimanenepa ndikuyika mazira. M'malo modyetsa, mutha kusakaniza chimanga ndi mapira, nthawi zina kuwonjezera mazira owiritsa ndi tchizi chanyumba.
Chochititsa chidwi: Chifukwa cha zopatsa chidwi, mbalame zimatha kudya nyama yophika ya nkhuku, kuti zizitha kusintha mphutsi ndi zakudya zina za zinziri zakutchire.
Mbalame zimadyetsedwanso ndi zitsamba zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo kupatsa anyezi wobiriwira wosakwiya - izi zimalimbitsa kufooka kwa nkhuku. Mu nthawi yozizira, zomwe sizachilendo kwa iwo, ndikofunikira kupatsa udzu wouma wosweka, womwe umasakanizidwa ndi chakudya wamba.
Komanso zinziri kuthengo komanso kunyumba zimatha kudya:
- mafupa am'madzi kapena nsomba
- mpendadzuwa mbewu, mbewu zonse. Mbalame zawo zimapezeka paminda yolima.
- nandolo, zigamba zophwanyika,
- mchere.
- Zipolopolo zophwanyika kapena zipolopolo zoonda zonse ngati kashiamu.
Tsopano mukudziwa kudyetsa zinziri. Tiwone momwe mbalame imakhalira kuthengo.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Zithunzi za amuna ndi akazi
Mapiri ndi mbalame zokonda mtendere zopanda njira zodzitetezera kupatula kubisala. Chapakatikati, amapita kuminda yaulimi, komwe amadya mbewu ndi kukumba masamba. Pazakudya izi, mbalame zimangonenepa msanga, ndichifukwa chake zimafa nthawi zambiri ndege. Mbalame zimakonzekera kuuluka pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumayamba kutsika pansi pazigawo za zero. Pofika pano, anapiye anali atakula kale ndikuphunzira kuwuluka, motero zinziri zimasokera m'masukulu akulu. Koma m'malo omwe kuphatikiza kutentha kumakhalapo, zinziri zimatha kukhazikika kwazaka zonse, ngakhale mwachibadwa zimakhala ndi ndege.
Ndege zam'madzi zimatha kutenga masabata angapo - "ma marathons" oterewa ndi mbalame zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimapulumuka. Mwachitsanzo, ochokera ku Siberia yaku Eastern, mitundu ina ya zinziri imawulukira ku India nyengo yachisanu, yomwe imawatenga milungu itatu ndi theka. Pakutha nyengo yotentha, zinziri zimalowa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (nthawi zina awa ndi mabanja onse okhala ndi anapiye ndi mitala) - Umu ndi momwe amadzitenthesa usiku. Kuchokera kum'mwera kwa Russia amachoka mu Seputembala komanso pafupi ndi Okutobala.
Chifukwa cha mapiko ofooka komanso lamulo la thupi losafunikira kuuluka, amayimapo pafupipafupi (mosiyana ndi zotakasa zomwezo). Chifukwa cha izi, mbalame zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha olusa ndi osaka - pomaliza kuuluka, pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya mbalamezi zimafa. Mbalame zokulirapo khumi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo mukasaka mbeu ndi tizilombo m'nthaka yokhazikika pakati pa Russia. Koma salekerera kuipitsidwa kwa manambala, chifukwa chake, "zizolowezi" za mbalame za tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa nthenga ndi kuyeretsa kosakangana kwanyengo yawo. Momwemonso, nthenga zokuta, zimachotsa majeremusi osokoneza.
Mkazi aliyense amakhala ndi chisa chake - amuna okha ndi amene alibe, popeza amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito, akufunafuna kuopsa. Chidacho ndi bowo laling'ono lomwe pansi lomwe mbalame zimakumba ndi tinsapato zazikulu toterera. Dzenje limayikidwapo ndi udzu wowuma ndi nthambi.
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Quail Chick
Mbalame zisalemo m'matumba a anthu 15-20. Kuchuluka kumeneku kumawathandiza kuti azitha kupewa kuwombana ndi zilombo zam'madzi ndikumatha kuzizira kwambiri. Makamaka gulu la akazi ndi amuna angapo, omwe amakhala ndi manyowa angapo. M'mwezi wa Meyi kapena wa June, zinziri zikamamva kutentha, nyengo yawo yobereketsa imayamba. Amuna amafunafuna okwatirana ndikukonzekera ndewu, yomwe imatha kufotokozedwa onse mukuyimba mwamtendere ("woyimba" wabwino kwambiri adzakhala ndi ufulu wokwatirana naye) komanso pomenya ndewu zoopsa.
Chochititsa chidwi: Nkhondo zamtundu wa Quail, limodzi ndi cockerels, ndizodziwika bwino pakati pa anthu, koma sizikhala zamagazi chifukwa chosowa kwa spurs pamtunda wa zinziri.
Kutha msambo kwa mkazi kumachitika ali ndi zaka chimodzi - ndi mochedwa kwambiri kwa mbalame zomwe zikukula msanga, koma kuchedwa kumalipiridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anapiye omwe amatha kupangidwa ndi zinziri imodzi. Mkazi amakumba chisa ndi kukonzera ana obwera mtsogolo. Ziweto zachikazi zimadalira momwe dzikolo lilili lachonde - nthawi zambiri limakhala pafupi ndi minda yolima.
Kupangira chisa, zinziri sizigwiritsa ntchito nthambi ndi udzu wokha, komanso madzi ake. Nthawi imodzi, mbalame imatha kuyikira mazira 20, omwe ndi ambiri poyerekeza ndi nkhuku (katatu). Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali posamalira mkazi, koma samachoka pachisa milungu iwiri ngakhale atakhala ndi njala yayikulu ndi ludzu. Panthawi yolumikizira, zazikazi zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha adani.
Nkhuku zimabadwa zokhazokha komanso zolimba, zikafika pamwezi umodzi ndi theka zimatha kukhala mbalame zazikulire. Kungoyambira tsiku loyamba akamasaka akufunafuna chakudya, atha kuthawa adani. Amayi nthawi zambiri amapanga mtundu wa "mkhola" momwe gulu la zinziri limayang'anira ana akulu.
Malingaliro opangidwa ndi amayi oterewa amapatsa amayi a zinziri chinthu china chosangalatsa chomwe chimawonedwa mu mbalame zambiri zokhazikika (mwachitsanzo, ma pheasants ndi magawo). Ngati zilombo zazing'onong'ono ngati chinsalu kapena nkhandwe zikaonekera pafupi, zinzirizo zimachoka pachisa, koma zimanamizira kuti mapiko akewo avulala. Akadumphira kwakanthawi, amatsogolera zilondazo kutali ndi chisa, kenako ndikunyamuka ndikubwerera kumakonzedwe - chilombocho sichikhala ndi kalikonse ndipo chimataya njira.
Nyama Zachilengedwe
Chithunzi: Quail m'chilengedwe
Quailing ndi chakudya cha nyama zambiri zomwe zimadya nkhalango ndi nkhwangwa.
Choyamba, izi ndi:
- nkhandwe. Amagunda zinzirizo usiku, osalephera kuthamangitsa udzu. Ankhandwe ndi amodzi mwa adani akuluakulu ozungulira, chifukwa ndiomwe amathandizira kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi,
- mimbulu. Zinyama zazikuluzikulu zoterezi sizimachoka kwenikweni m'nkhalango, koma nthawi yamanjala zimatha kulondola zinziri. Ngakhale chifukwa cha kukula kwawo komanso ulesi, mimbulu sitha kugwira mbalame yodumphira,
- zala, ma weasel, ma elm, ma martens. Zinyama zodyedwa mwaluso ndizosakira bwino mbalamezi, chifukwa zimayenda mwachangu ngati zinziri. Koma koposa zonse amasaka anapiye,
- abodza ndi abawi. Amakonda kutsatira gulu la mbalame nthawi yakusamuka, potero amapeza chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali,
- hamsters, gopher, makoswe ena. Zinzirizo nazo zimawakonda, koma sasamala kudya mazira, choncho nthawi zina zimawononga zisa zawo ngati zingathe kufikira mazira oswedwa.
Adani achilengedwe samawopseza kuchuluka kwa zinziri, zomwe sitinganene za kusaka, chifukwa chifukwa chake mawonekedwe a zinziri wamba amatha kuzimiririka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Phokoso Lakuthengo
Quail - cholinga cha kusaka nyama komanso kusaka nyama. Ku USSR, kusaka zinziri kunali kofala kwambiri, motero kuwonongeka kwawo kunachitika pamalonda. Kudera lopanda mitengo, mbalamezo zidazimiririka pafupifupi, panthawiyi mitundu iwiri ya banja la pheasant idawonongeka. Koma chifukwa cha kuzimiririka kwa zinzirizo, iwo sanafe konse.
Ntchito yayikulu pakusunga kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama zidachitika mwa kubereka kwawo. M'zaka zapitazi, Ajapani adabzala zinziri za ku Japan ndipo adayamba kuzisakira m'mafamu a nkhuku. Mbalizi sizinasankhidwe, ndipo nyamazo zinasungidwa unyinji wa anthu. Komanso kuchuluka kwa zinzirizo zinayamba kuchepa chifukwa cha anthropogenic chinthu china - kulima nthaka yazaulimi.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zakufa kwa mbalame:
- Choyamba, kuwonongedwa kwa chilengedwe chawo. Nkhuku zomwe sizimatha kutuluka mu chisa pomwe zimaswa mazira ambiri zimafa pansi pa matayala amishini yaulimi,
- Kachiwiri, chithandizo cha mbewu ndi mbewu zomwe zimadyetsa mankhwala ophera zinziri omwe sangathe kugaya m'mimba mwake,
- Kachitatu, kuwonongedwa kwa malo awo okhala ndi chakudya. Zomera, tizilombo, dambo lopanda mitengo m'nthaka inatha kukhalapo panthawi yochulukitsa nthaka ku USSR, chifukwa chomwe zinzirizo zinakanika kubereka ndipo, chifukwa chake, anthu adachepetsedwa.
Ndizovuta kutchula ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mbalame, koma ndizodziwika kuti nyamazo sizatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo sizifunikira chitetezo. Chifukwa cha kuswana kwazonse pamafamu akuluakulu komanso kunyumba, zinziri zinabwezeretsa anthu osakwana theka la zaka, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chikukula.
Quail - mbalame zomwe ndizofunikira mwachilengedwe komanso kunyumba. M'mapiri okhala m'nkhalangoyi, amapanga gawo lofunikira mu chakudya, ndipo kwa anthu ndi nyama ndi mazira okoma, omwe mbalame zimatulutsa zochuluka.Sikuti Quail siivuta kuyisunga, motero anthu amaphunzira msanga kubereka pamalonda. Quail - M'modzi mwa oimira bwino kwambiri pa banja la pheasant.
Mbalame ya Quail. Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe, mitundu, njira ndi malo okhala zinziri
Quail yodziwika ndi onse ngati mbalame yosamukira komwe imafunafuna ndi nyama yosakira nyama. Chifukwa cha nyama ndi mazira okoma athanzi, posachedwa ayambanso kulima ndi alimi ndi nkhuku. Muyenera kudziwa zambiri zam'moyo, malo okhalamo komanso kusiyana pakati pa mbalame zakutchire ndi abale awo.
Makhalidwe
Thupi la mbalameyo limakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga za buluu, zakuda, zofiirira, zonona kapena zoyera. Mapiri okhala ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yolimba ya bulauni. Magawo am'munsi a matupiwo amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wa lalanje. Mabuku omwe ali ndi milomo:
Kutalika kwa zinzirizo ndi 10-20cm, mbalame imalemera kuchokera 70 mpaka 140 g, mapiko ndi 32- 35 cm. Zinzirizo zimakhala ndi mapiko ataliitali, koma mbalame zimawuluka mtunda waifupi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinziri ndi mitundu, kukula kwake komanso malo okhala. Zinziri zina zimakhala ndi mutu kumutu, zomwe zimawoneka ngati m'mimba.
Habitat ndi zinziri zakudya
Moyo wamadzi:
- kuthengo,
- m'minda ndi m'malo otchingidwa ndi zitsamba,
- m'madambo
- m'mafamu.
Mbalame ndizopezekeratu ku Europe, Australia, Asia, Africa ndi America. Zinyama zakutchire za ku Japan zimakhala ku Russia, East Asia ndi Africa.
Mbalame zimakhala m'dera limodzi moyo wawo wonse, mitundu yambiri imasamukira. Mapiri sakwera mitengo kapena zitsamba.
Zakudya zopatsa chidwi, koma 95% yazakudya zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe mbalame zimadya.
Ndi nyama iti yomwe imadyera zinziri
Chifukwa cha kukula kwa mbalamezi komanso kusatetemera kwa mazira, nyama zambiri zodya nyama zambiri zimadzigulitsa ndi zinziri, izi
Anthu ndiwo azilonda zazikulu zomwe zimapha zinziri zambiri.
Munakumana ndi zilombo, zinziri:
- thawani ndipo bisani.
- kuuluka mtunda wautali
- osasunthika.
Mitundu ina ya zinziri imakhala ndi chidendene, imagwiritsa ntchito mafupa awa polimbana ndi zilombo.
Quail ndi yovuta kudziwa mu udzu chifukwa chamadzi pang'ono.
Momwe mbalame zimalumikizirana
Zinzizi zimapanga mawu okwezeka, osasangalatsa komanso opondaponda, ndikupanga izo moyenera komanso moyenera.
Momwe zinziri zimaperekera ana ndikusamalira chisa
Zomera zimakhala pansi, makamaka m'malo otseguka, minda ya phala ndi tirigu, chimanga ndi meadows.
Pamene zinzirizo zitatembenuka miyezi iwiri, amakhala okonzekera ukwati. Yaikazi imayikira mazira 1 mpaka 12, nthawi zambiri 6, kutengera mitundu. Mazira a quail amapaka utoto wowala. Nthochi zimaswa pakatha milungu itatu.
Mitundu yambiri ya zinziri, anapiye amapangidwa, kusiya chisa ndikutsatira makolo awo atangochita kuswa.
Ubwino m'nyumba ndi ulimi
M'malo ena padziko lapansi, zinziri zimasungidwa ngati nkhuku kapena ziweto za nyama ndi mazira a zakudya. Quail - mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri pafamuyi, yolemera gramu 100 zokha. 80% ya zinziri zonse zagululi zimagulitsa ku China.
Ku EU, zinziri zokwana 100 miliyoni zimalimidwa pachaka. Pazonse, pafupifupi zinziri zokwana 1.4 biliyoni zimalimidwa padziko lapansi pachaka.
Mazira a Quail amagona pamene ali ndi milungu pafupifupi 7. Nkhuku zimaphedwa ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Nyama zobzala nyama zimaphedwa pakatha milungu isanu.