Gulugufe wa Swallowtail - Ichi ndi gulugufe wokongola kwambiri, wa tsiku lalikulu la banja la sitima zapamadzi (abwana). Mapiko a amuna opanga makhaon amafika masentimita 8, ndipo aimuna 9-10 cm. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi agulugufe tsiku lonse, timiyala ta m'meza timakhala tofanana.

Pa mapiko akumbuyo pali maluwa otuluka, ofanana ndi ma ponyta, kutalika kwa 1 cm. Utoto wamapiko a gulugufe wam'meza ndi wachikasu, ndi mtundu wakuda, mawanga abuluu ndi achikaso atha kupezeka kumapiko akumbuyo, koma amakhalanso ndi "eye" yofiyira mkati ngodya yamkati.

Ngati mukuyang'ana chithunzi cha gulugufe womeza, mutha kuwona kuchuluka kwa mapiko ake okhala ndi mapiko osiyanasiyana, kuyambira mchenga wotuwa, pafupifupi yoyera, mpaka chikaso chowala.

Izi ndichifukwa choti mtundu wa gulugufe umatengera nyengo yomwe umakhala. Kumpoto kwa malo ake okhala, mtunduwo ndi wotumbululuka, mapangidwe akuda amaonekera mwamphamvu pamapiko.

Ngakhale mitundu yakum'mwera ya gulugufe wam'meza imakhala yayikulupo ndipo imakhala ndi utoto wamtambo kwambiri wamapiko, ndipo mawonekedwe akuda paiwo amayeretsedwa.

Zojambula ndi malo okhala gulugufe wam'meza

Gulugufe wa Gulugufe kumeza modabwitsa. Mtunduwu umapezeka ku North Africa, North America, kulikonse ku Asia, ngakhale ku madera otentha, ku Europe konse, kupatula Ireland ndi pafupifupi England, momwe gulugufe limapezeka mu gawo laling'ono la Norflock County, komanso m'maiko onse kuchokera Kumpoto

Nyanja ya Arctic kupita ku Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caucasus. Gulugufe wam'meza anali kukumana ngakhale pamtunda wa mamita 4,500 pamwamba pa nyanja ku Tibet. Chifukwa cha kufalikira komweko, mpaka masabata makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi awiri a machaon amadziwika.

Pafupifupi mu Europe monse mungasangalale ndi masanjidwe ake. Kummwera kwa Siberia kuli ma subspecies otchedwa orientis. M'malo onyowa Amur ndi Primorsky amakhala gogoza wamkulu subspecies ussuriensis, omwe amatengedwa kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri mwazosankha zonse za gulugufe wam'meza.

M'madera azilumba monga Sakhalin, Japan ndi zilumba za Kuril, hippocrates amakhala. Bungwe la amurensis limapezeka m'malo onse apansi ndi Amur apansi. M'mapiri atchire a Transbaikal Territory komanso pakati pa Yakutia, pali mitundu iwiri yotsalira: asiatica - kumpoto kwa madera awa, ndi orientis, akukulira nyengo yakum'mwera pang'ono.

Mitundu iwiri mwa yomwe yasankhidwa kwambiri ku Japan - mandschurica ndi chishimana. Okonda nyengo yotentha - gorgan - amapezeka ku Central Europe, kumpoto kwa Caucasus komanso kumwera kwa Russia.

Ku UK, brutannicus ndi North America subspecies aliaska amakonda malo otentha kwambiri. Madera a Caucasus ndi Nyanja ya Caspian tsopano ndi malo opezekako ndipo pakati pawo pali dzimbiri, koma kumapeto kwake, kudutsa mapiri ambiri. Komanso muetingi adakhala anthu okhala ku mapiri a Elbrus. Ku Syria, agulugufe a subspecies syriacus amapezeka nthawi zambiri.

Mwa mitundu yonse, ma kamtschadalus odabwitsa amawoneka bwino kuposa enawo - mapiko awo ali ndi utoto wowoneka bwino wachikaso, koma mawonekedwe akuda ndi otumbululuka, ndipo michira ndi yofupikitsa kuposa ma subspecies ena onse.

Chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa agulugufe amibadwo yosiyanasiyana ndi kudalira kwenikweni kwa mapiko pamtunda wotentha, malo ogwiritsira ntchito malonda sanabwerebe lingaliro wamba, ndipo masamba ambiri amakhala otsutsana komanso osadziwika.

Mwachitsanzo, mdera la Ussuri kumeza subspecies ussuriensis, koma, malinga ndi ena, sangathe kuwasiyanitsa ngati njira zapadera, popeza amangobadwa m'chilimwe.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wa gulugufe wam'meza

Nthawi yanyengo yachilimwe ya gulugufe wam'meza imayambira mu Meyi mpaka Juni, komanso kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti, ngakhale masamba ena akum'mwera amapezekanso mu Seputembala onse.

Gulugufe wamtunduwu amakhala ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo amakonda malo otseguka dzuwa - m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mitengo, malo otseguka, minda ndi mapaki amumzindawu ali ndi maluwa ambiri.

Munjira zachilengedwe, gulugufe wam'meza ali ndi adani ambiri - mbalame zosavulaza, akangaude komanso mitundu ina ya nyerere zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku gulugufe.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi machaon wakuda Maak

Pazifukwa izi, gulugufe tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso amphamvu, ngakhale atakhala pansi pamaluwa kuti adye, agulugufe awa nthawi zambiri samapinda mapiko awo ndikukhalabe okonzeka kuyimba nthawi iliyonse. Machaon Maak (bwato kapena mchira wa Maak) ndiye gulugufe wamkulu kwambiri ku Russia. Amakhala ku Primorye, Southern Sakhalin, Amur Region, komanso ku Japan, China ndi Korea.

Nthawi zambiri mumakhala nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi zowola, malo ophuka maluwa. Akazi ndi okulirapo kuposa amphongo, mtundu wa gulugufewo ndi wakuda kwambiri, wokhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira, yamtambo ndi yofiirira.

Swallowtail Gulugufe Chakudya

Mbozi za Swallowtail yambani kudya kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yomwe idachoka dzira. Pa chomera ichi cha mbozi chimakhala chomwe mayi wa gulugufe adayikira dzira.

Nthawi zambiri, mbewu izi ndi katsabola, parsley, fennel ndi mbewu zina za ambulera. Ngati mbewu zotere sizikhala zapafupi, ndiye kuti mbozizo zimatha kudya pang'ono kapena, mwachitsanzo, chowawa. Pakutha kwa chitukuko chake, mboziyo imasiya kudya.

Mtundu wokha wovomerezeka wa gulugufe woswedwa wa machaon, komanso agulugufe ambiri, ndi maluwa abwino, pamene agulugufe samakonda kwambiri.

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Nthawi ya kubereka kwa gulugufe wam'meza imayambira mu Epulo mpaka Meyi, koma madera akum'mwera amatha kubwereza kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti, kutengera nyengo yamvula. Yaikazi imayikira mazira owumbika amtundu wachikasu pamakola kapena pansi pa masamba a chakudya cham'mera.

Wamkazi mmodzi nthawi ya moyo wake, yomwe imatenga masiku pafupifupi awiri, amatha kuyikira mazira zana limodzi, ndikumayikira mazira awiri kapena atatu njira iliyonse. Pakatha pafupifupi sabata, mazira amasintha mtundu wawo ndikupanga mawonekedwe akuda.

Dolly wa chimeza chakuda

Ana agalu amakono m'mibadwo iwiri - yoyamba ndiyo mbozi zomwe zimayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, ndi m'badwo wachiwiri womwe umatuluka mazira kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala. Chingwe chokhotakhota chokhacho chimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, malo oyera oyera kumbuyo ndi mikondo yakuda itazunguliridwa ndi malalanje a lalanje.

Akamakula, mtundu wa mbozi ukusintha - mboziyo imasandulika zobiriwira ndi mikwaso yakuda yomwe imapezeka paliponse m'thupi lake, ma warts amatha, ndipo ma halos amakhalabe mawanga a lalanje pamikwama yomweyo.

Nthawi ikafika, mbozizo zimakhazikika pachomera chomwechi chomwe chimakhalamo ndikudya. Zidole za gulugufe wa Swallowtail M'badwo woyamba nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena mtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe mu kadontho kakang'ono kakuda.

Pupae a m'badwo wachiwiri ndi owuma, woderapo kapena woderapo, wokonzekera kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Gulugufe amaswa kuchokera pachikumbu cha chilimwe mkati mwa masabata awiri kapena atatu, pomwe kukula mkati mwa nyengo yozizira kumatenga miyezi ingapo.

Chifukwa cha malo ochulukirachulukira komanso mawonekedwe osavuta koma owoneka bwino, kutchuka kwa gulugufe wammeza m'gulu la anthu kwakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, gulugufe wam'meza walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira m'maiko ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachita ngati chisonyezo cha nkhondo yolimbana ndi nyama zamtchire.

Chifukwa chake ku Tatarstan "Chigwa cha Machaon"Anatipatsa dzina lachitukuko chokonzedwa kuti lisavulaze malo omwe anali ndi mbiri yabwino ndi nyanja yaying'ono. Ku Latvia mu 2013, atavala chovala chamikono cha Parish ya Skrudalienna chithunzi cha gulugufe womeza.

Kodi machaon amakhala kuti?

Kukhazikika kwa malo omwe akumeza kumaphatikizapo pafupifupi Europe, Asia, Africa ndi North America. M'madera akumayiko akumwambawa, gulugufe amakhala pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse. Machaon adapezeka kumapiri a Tibet, pamtunda wa makilomita 4.5. Tizilomboti timakonda malo, motero malo omwe agulugufe timawakonda kwambiri ndi malo otetezeka, mapiri, m'mbali mwa nkhalango, tundra. Kumpoto kwa malo omwe mumatha kuwona m'miyezi yotentha, kumadera akumwera, kuphatikiza chilimwe, gulugufe amapezeka mu Meyi ndi Seputembara.

Kufotokozera

Maboti am'madzi kapena abwana - banja lomwe limabweretsa agulugufe akuluakulu kwambiri komanso okongola kwambiri. Mitundu yamitundu ikuluikulu kwambiri imapezeka m'malo otentha, koma pamakontinenti ena mutha kuwona tizilombo tosangalatsa komanso tosangalatsa. Banjali lili ndi mitundu 700 ya mabwato, 20 Ku Russia, gulugufe Swallowtail ndi woimira mtundu wina wa Papilio wokhala ndi michira yayitali ndi mapiko a wavy. Utoto wa kachilomboka ndi wachikaso ndi wakuda ndi maso ofiira. Ngakhale kuti agulugufe amapezeka ku Palearctic, chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri. Kuteteza Lepidoptera kuti asawonongedwe kwathunthu, mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira.

Sailboat Machaon (Papiliomachaon) ndi m'modzi mwa anthu apabanja lake. Carl Linnaeus adatcha nyamayo motengera sing'anga wama Greek yemwe ndi Machaon, yemwe adagwira nawo ntchito yomenyera Troy. Kukula kwamapiko amphongo ndi 65-80 mm, chachikazi ndi 75-95 mm. Kumbuyo kwake kwa mapiko ndi chikasu. Pakati pa mapiko akutsogolo, njira ya mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mawanga, maziko ake ndi amdima. Malire wakuda kwambiri wokhala ndi ma hemispheres achikasu amayenda m'mphepete. Gawo lalikulu la mapiko a kumbuyo kwake ndi achikasu, pafupi ndi m'mphepete pali buluu lamtambo wokhala ndi malire wakuda. Mphepete yakunja ili ndi maso ofiira omwe ali ndi sitiroko yakuda. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti m'mphepete mwa mapiko a kumbuyo kwa gulugufe wam'meza ndi wavy, michira ndi 10 mm.

Papiliomachaon a m'badwo woyamba ndiowoneka bwino. Oimira m'badwo wachiwiri ndiwokulirapo, mitundu yawo imakhala yodzaza ndi yowala.

Thupi la njenjete ndi wopepuka, wokutidwa ndi mchenga wamchenga. Pa chifuwa ndi pamimba pamakhala mikwingwirima wakuda. Mutu ndi wozungulira, wopanda ntchito. Maso owoneka bwino ali kumbali. Gawo lamasomphenya limathandizira kuti tizilombo tizitha kuyenda mumlengalenga, kusiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu ndi mitundu. Ku mbali yakumanzere kuli tinyanga tating'ono tosalumikizana timathero ku mbewa. Pomera pakamwa. Ichi ndi mtundu wautoto wakuda, womwe umakupatsani mwayi kuti mumwe timadzi tokongola tosiyanasiyana. M'malo abata, imapindika ndikuyenderera.

Pali zosiyana pakati pa zazimuna ndi zazimuna. Choyamba, izi zimakhudza mtundu ndi kukula kwa tizilombo. Zachikazi zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala komanso mapiko akuluakulu. Mapiko amphongo ndi 65-95 mm, ndipo wamkazi ndi 75-105 mm.

Masanjidwe

Dera logawika lalikulu la ma machaon lapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu ingapo yamagawo osiyanasiyana amtundu ndi kukula kwake.

• m. bairdii ndi gulugufe wakuda wakudya wopezeka ku North America. Maonekedwe akuda ali ofanana ndi bwato la Polyxen. Mtundu waukulu ndi wakuda. Pa mapiko akutsogolo, mawonekedwe amikwaso yachikaso ndi mawanga omwe ali pamalire akuda. Pa mapiko a kumbuyo, kuphatikiza mawanga achikasu ndi abuluu, diso la lalanje lili pafupi ndi michira.

• m. ussuriensis - amakhala ku Primorye ndi Amur Region, gululi limadziwika ndi zazikulu zazikulu za tizilombo. Mwa akazi, mapiko ndi 95 mm, mwa amuna - 85 mm. Tizilombo tating'ono timakhala ndi utoto wakuda komanso wabuluu.
• m. hippocrates - subspecies idakhazikika ku Japan ndi zilumba zapafupi, momwe mzere wabuluu pamwamba pamaso wokhomedwa pakati pa awiri wakuda.
• m. kamtschadalus - agulugufe apadera amtundu wowala wachikaso wokhala ndi ndondomeko yakuda yoyera ndi michira yochepa. Mabuku a End End amakhala ku Kamchatka Peninsula.

• m. gorganus - subspecies ya kontinenti yomwe imagawidwa kwambiri pamapiri a Russia, kumapiri kwa Caucasus ndi Central Europe. Kodi gulugufe wam'meza wopezeka m'maiko ambiri ku Europe akuwoneka bwanji? Mapiko osapitirira 60-70 mm, michira yawo ndi yayitali 6-7 mm. Kutsogolo kwa mapiko ake ndi achikasu achikasu ndi mawonekedwe akuda osiyana ndi mawonekedwe amtambo.

Moyo wa gulugufe wotchedwa swallowtail

Asayansi komanso ofufuza za nyama amadziwa kuti agulugufewa ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Sikhala pachomera chimodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Atafika, nthawi yomweyo amawuluka ndikuuluka.

Pazinthu zofunikira kusankha mitengo ya m'nkhalango, mitengo, kudula mitengo. M'nyengo yozizira, ma machaon amaphunzitsidwa. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, mbozi zamezetsa zimapachika cocoon pamtanda wa zakudya zam'madzi ndipo nthawi yozizira.

Chakudya Cha Gulugufe wa Swallowtail

Chingwe chikangosiya dzira, chimayamba kudya mbewu yomwe dzira lidayikira dzira. Amphaka amadya kwambiri. Monga lamulo, parsley, katsabola ndi mitundu ina ya maambulera, komanso chowawa, alder ndi ena amakhala chomera cha mbozi. Koma kukulira kwa mbozi kukafika kumapeto, kumasiya kudyetsa.

Agulugufe a Swallowtail amadya timadzi tating'ono kwambiri ta maluwa aliwonse, koma maambulera amitundu amatha kuyendera.

Adani a machaon

Choopsa cha agulugufe awa ndi nyama zopanda chitetezo, mbalame, akangaude, nyerere, etc.

Kafukufuku wamalonda, kugwidwa kwawo kuti atolere, kuwerenga, kumathanso kuchuluka kwawo. Pokhala pa siteji ya dzira, mbozi kapena pupa, kumeza kumatha kufa kuchokera ku moto wa stepep.

Pafupifupi zaka 80 zapitazo, ma machaon akadalinso tizirombo ta mbewu zobzalidwa, ndipo adawonongedwa. Pakadali pano kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri, ndipo sikunanso chiopsezo chomera yobzala. Ndipo amafunikira chitetezo.

Chifukwa chake, asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akuyang'anira kuchuluka kwawo, ndipo mayiko ambiri adawalemba kale mu Red Book, makamaka mayiko aku Europe.

Zolepheretsa ndi Kuteteza

Chiwerengero cha agulugufe oyesera ku Russia amasiyana kuchokera kotsika kupita kwina m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mitunduyi imawopsezedwa m'malo angapo: Smolensk, Moscow, Vologda. M'magawo awa, komanso pa Sakhalin, gulugufe wam'meza walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Zovuta zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa agulugufe ndizachilengedwe komanso zachuma.

• Kutentha kochepa, kusowa kwa dzuwa nthawi yakukhwima ndi kuperewera kwa dzuwa.
• Kugonjetsedwa kwa mphutsi ndi mafangayi ndi majeremusi mumvula yamvula.
• Zipale zoyambirira, chifukwa choti mboziyo ilibe nthawi yosinthira chrysalis ndikufa.

• Moto woyaka moto ndi udzu zinagwa.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda aulimi.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mbozi komanso kugwira agulugufe osonkhanitsa.

Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha Papiliomachaon sikuti ku Russia kokha, komanso ku mayiko aku Europe. Mitunduyi imatetezedwa ndi boma ku Latvia, Lithuania, Germany. Monga njira zoteteza, ndizoletsedwa kutengera agulugufe ndi mbozi. M'malo awo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kudyetsa ziweto kumayendetsedwa.

Tiyeni tilingalire za njira ya kubala gulugufe wamadzi kunyumba.

Kuti kukongola koteraku kuzike mizu ndi kubereka m'nyumba yanu, muyenera:

• aquarium kapena terrarium, pamlingo wa 10 l voliyumu pamabogi asanu aliwonse
• chidebe chaching'ono ndi madzi, pomwe katsabola amapezeka kuti kudyetsa mbozi,
• nthambi yokomera mbozi.

Pansi pa aquarium - ndendende, tsopano chidziwitsocho chikhale cholondola kwambiri kuzitcha - wosanjikiza pepala lozama liyenera kuzingidwa, ntchito yake ndikutenga chinyezi chambiri. Chinyezi, mwambiri, ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakukonza ndi kuswana kwa mbozi, ndipo kenako agulugufe oyesera. Mutha kupeza zambiri zotsutsana zamomwe mungapangire chinyezi, komanso ngati zikuyenera kuchitika konse. M'malo mwathu, mulingo wabwinobwino umasungidwa ndi chidebe chotseguka ndi madzi, momwe katsabola amapezeka.

Komanso, nthambi zingapo ziyenera kuyikamo mankhwala, makamaka ngati mphukira zimatuluka mbali zosiyanasiyana.Nthambi imayenera kugona pamwamba, ndipo njira zake zimayenera kukwera pamwamba, mbali zosiyanasiyana. Nthambi zoterezi zidzafunika popanga mbozi.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Swallowtail

Mitundu Papilio machaon ndi a banja la Sailboats (ochokera lat. Papilionidae). Mtunduwu udapezeka ndi wa zachilengedwe waku Sweden mu 1758 ndi Karl Liney. Wasayansi yemwe adatcha gulugufe polemekeza dotolo wakale wachi Greek Machaon, yemwe anali wochita zamankhwala, wothandizira opaleshoni, komanso adamenyera Agiriki ku Warjan War (1194 BC). Adokotala anali mwana wa Asclepius (mulungu wochiritsa) ndi Epiona.

Chosangalatsa: Pali nthano yomwe Dr. Machaon adachiritsa asitikali akuvulala pomenya nkhondo. Pankhondo ya Troy, adatengapo gawo kuti apeze dzanja ndi mtima wa Elena the Beautiful. Koma, akamwalira mu nkhondo imodzi, mzimu wake umasandulika gulugufe wokongola wachikasu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda pamapiko ake.

Popeza mndandanda wam'meza ndiwotambalala, mpaka ngongole za 37 zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi njenjetezi. Chodziwika pakati pawo:

• Orientis - kumwera kwa Siberia,
• Ussuriensis - Dera la Amur ndi Primorye,
• Hippocrates - Japan, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands,
• Amurensis - beseni lamkati ndi lamunsi Amur,
• Asiatica - Central Yakutia,
• Kamtschadalus - Kamchatka,
• Gorganus - Central Europe, Caucasus,
• Aliaska - North America,
• Brutannicus Seitz - United Kingdom,
• Centralis - gombe la Caucasian la Nyanja ya Caspian, dera la North Caspian, Chigwa cha Kura,
• Muetingi - Elbrus,
• Syriacus - Syria.

Palinso mitundu ina, komabe, asayansi samazindikira ambiri a iwo, kungoganizira za nyengo zamtundu wofanana ndi anthu osankhidwa. Kudalira kwa mtundu wamapiko pakutentha sikulola ochita ma taxon kubwera pamalingaliro wamba, chifukwa chomwe pamakhala kutsutsana kosatha pamutuwu. Kunja, mawonekedwewo ali ofanana ndi bwato la Corsican loyenda ndi sitima yapamadzi Aleksanor.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Mtundu wa swallowtail ndi wowala komanso wokongola - chikasu kapena beige. Pamwambapa ndi mawonekedwe a mizere yakuda. Kukula kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 10 mwa akazi ndi amuna 8 mwa amuna. Mapiko a mapiko ndi kuyambira masentimita 6 mpaka 10, kutengera masanjidwe ake. M'mphepete zakunja zamapiko pali mawonekedwe a mawanga achikasu owoneka ngati mwezi.

Pa mapiko akumbuyo anakweza michira yosakhala pafupi ndi pamimba. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamilimita 10. M'mphepete mwa mapiko munakonzedwa ndi mawanga amtambo ndi achikaso. Mkati mwa mapikowo muli “maso” ofiira. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chafika mpaka masiku 24.

Kanema: Gulugufe wa Swallowtail

Makatani amaswa kubiriwira ndi mikwaso yakuda pomwe pali madontho ofiira. Kutalika kwa matupi awo pakubadwa kuli pafupifupi mamilimita awiri. Mu gawo la prothoracic, pali fani yooneka ngati foloko yopanga "nyanga" za lalanje.

Chosangalatsa: "Nyanga" zimateteza ku adani achilengedwe. Chitsulo chimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limanyansidwa ndi adani. Mpheta zambiri masana zimapindika. Amadzinyenga ngati ndowe za mbalame kuti zisakope chidwi cha mbalame.

Pupae imatha kukhala imvi kapena yobiriwira. M'badwo wotsiriza nthawi zonse umakhala nyengo yachinyamata. Mkulu amabadwa mchaka, pomwe zipatso zonse zimadutsa. Hafu yoyamba ikumawuma mapiko ndi kuwononga, kenako ndikuwuluka kuzungulira malowo.

Chifukwa chake tidazindikira Kodi gulugufe wam'meza amawoneka bwanji. Tsopano pezani pomwe gulugufe Swallowtail amakhala.

Kodi gulugufe womeza amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Swallowtail

Mtunduwu umakhala pafupifupi ngodya zonse za Dziko Lapansi. Mutha kukumana ndi tizilombo ku North America, kumwera kwa India, North Africa, kuzilumba za Indian Ocean, ku Asia konse, ku England, njenjete zimangokhala kumayiko a boma la Norfolk komanso kudera lochokera ku Arctic Ocean kupita ku Black Sea.

Gulugufe wamtengo wapatali Amatha kukhala pafupifupi kulikonse, nyengo iliyonse ndi yoyenera. Gulugufe adakumana m'mapiri a Tibet pamtunda wa mamita 4,500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kugawidwa kwakukulu koteroko ndipo kunatsogolera mndandanda wambiri wamtunduwu.

Tizilombo timakonda malo otseguka, chifukwa chake timakonda minda, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo opondera, minda, tundra m'mizinda yopanda phokoso. Moths amatha kuuluka kutalika kwamtunda wa 2,5 mpaka 4 mita. Kwa nthawi yayitali pachomera chimodzi samakhala, choncho akatswiri azachilengedwe amawatcha agulugufe amphamvu.

Kumpoto kwa mtundu wa zolengedwa zokongola izi zimatha kupezeka nthawi yotentha, kumadera akum'mwera mitunduyo idadzuka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. Lepidoptera amakonda kusamukira, koma kukakhala nthawi yozizira kumayiko awo. Makamaka masango akuluakulu amawoneka paminda yofesedwa ndi kaloti, nthangala zonyamula, fennel, ndi katsabola.

Subspecies Orientis amakonda nyengo yakum'mwera, Asiatica amakonda kumpoto, Gorganus adasankha kutentha. Brutannicus amakonda malo achinyezi, pomwe Centralis ndi Rustaveli adasankha malo okwera. Mwambiri, mawonekedwe amasankha madera omwe ali ndi dzuwa ndi mitundu yambiri.

Kodi gulugufe wam'meza amadya chiyani?

Khosalo litangobadwa, kachilombo nthawi yomweyo kamayamba kudya masamba a mbewu yomwe dzira lidayikiramo. Mapira amphaka amadya kwambiri, ndikupanga mphamvu yayitali pakadali pano. Nthawi zambiri, maambulera amakhala chakudya chamtundu wapakatikati, monga:

• Parsley,
• Katsabola,
• Caraway,
• Kaloti (zakutchire kapena wamba),
• Hogweed,
• Butene
• Angelica
• Prangos
• Gorichnik
• Fennel,
• Wodula,
• Selari,
• Thu
• Wodula,
• Girchovnitsa.

Anthu okhala kumadera ena amadya mbewu za banja la rutov - phulusa louma, Amur velvet, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba wamba, maluwa apakatikati: chowawa, birch: Maksimovich alder, alder Japan. Pakutha kwa chitukuko chake, chidwi cha mbozi chimachepa ndipo sichimadya.

Akuluakulu amadya timadzi tokoma tating'ono, ngati agulugufe ena ambiri, chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wakuda wakuda. Samadya kwambiri ngati mbozi, choncho samasankha ambulera zokha. Kuti adzipetse chakudya, njenjete zimayendera maluwa osiyanasiyana.

Kwa akuluakulu, chakudya chochuluka sichofunikira, amangofunika dontho la maluwa, ndipo amathetsa ludzu lawo ndi mame am'mawa. Lepidoptera amalandila zinthu zonse zofunika kuzisungitsa tinthu tating'ono kuchokera ku dothi lomwe limakhala ndi mchere, kapena zinthu zosafunikira za nyama zina.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail

Ntchito ya gulugufe imadziwonekera masana. Amaphatikizanso maluwa amene amatulutsa masana okha. Mimbulu imangokhala milungu yochepa chabe, ndikatha kutenga umuna (wamphongo) ndi kuyikira mazira (akazi), njenjete zimafa. Nthawi yachilimwe imayamba mu Meyi mpaka Juni komanso mu Julayi-Ogasiti; mabungwe akumwera akhoza kukumana mu Seputembala.

Machaons ndi zolengedwa zam'manja kwambiri. Ngakhale akamadyetsa timadzi tokoma, sasunga mapiko awo kuti aziuluka nthawi iliyonse. Anthu omwe amakonda kusamukira kwawo amawulukira m'mizinda ndikukakhazikika m'malo opaka, minda, paminda yopanda maluwa.

Kuti mupeze malo abwino kwambiri kukhalapo komanso malo okhala ndi poyambira abwino, njenjete ndiokonzeka kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Anthu ambiri amabweretsa mibadwo iwiri pa moyo, kumpoto kwa mtunduwo - kumwera - mpaka atatu. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi chidwi chobzala ndipo amayesa kupeza mnzawo posachedwa.

Chosangalatsa: Mahatchi amtunduwu ali ndi zida zapakamwa zochititsa chidwi. Amayamba kudya tsamba kuchokera m'mphepete. Atafika kumtunda wapakati, amasamukira kudera lina. Amayamba kulemera msanga. Koma, munthu akangotulutsa thukuta, kukula kumatha. Moth amafunikira mphamvu kokha kuti athe kuthawa komanso kubereka.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Caterpillar Butterfly Swallowtail

Popeza chilengedwe chinatenga ma machaon nthawi yochepa kwambiri kukhalapo, agulugufe obadwa okha nthawi yomweyo amayamba kufunafuna bwenzi. Maanja amapezana wina ndi mnzake kudzera pakupanga ma pheromone, omwe amatulutsa m'chilengedwe.

Pa moyo wake wamfupi, wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira 100-200. Nthawi iliyonse, amaikira mazira awiri awiri oyera achikasu pansi pa masamba kapena pamiyeso ya mbewu. Pakatha pafupifupi sabata, mazira amayamba kuchita khungu ndikusintha mtundu wake kukhala wakuda.

Akazi amayala mwadala dzira limodzi pamasamba osiyanasiyana a mbewu kuti apereke chakudya kwa mbozi zatsopano. Pambuyo masiku 8-10, mphutsi zimaswa, zomwe zoyambirira zimayamba kudya. Pazaka pafupifupi pafupifupi 7, mboziyi imamatirira ndi ulusi wa silika ku tsinde la chomera, molt womaliza umachitika komanso ana.

Ziphuphuzi zimayimilira kwa masabata awiri, zitatha zimakhala gulugufe wamkulu. Mu coco, ziwalo zambiri zamphongo zimawonongeka, kusinthidwa kukhala ziwalo za munthu wamkulu. Njirayi ikufanana ndi chimbudzi cha thupi lanu pachoko.

Masamba a chilimwe amakhala obiriwira kwambiri, pomwe nthawi yozizira amakhala bulauni. Gulugufe adzakhala mu gawo lapaubwana mpaka masiku ofunda oyamba. Chikoko chikagunda, cholengedwa chokongola chimabadwa. Kwa nthawi yayitali njenjete imakhala padzuwa ndipo imawuma mapiko ake, kenako nkupita kukafunafuna chakudya ndi mnzake.

Adani achilengedwe a gulugufe wam'meza

Chithunzi: Gulugufe wa Swallowtail

Pa magawo onse azamoyo, kachilombo kali pachiwopsezo. Gulugufe wa Swallowtail amatha kukhala chakudya cha arachnids, mbalame, nyerere, nyama zosatetezeka, nyama zazing'ono. Moti a mgodi kapena gawo la ana amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Tizilombo timeneti timatha kupewa kuukira chifukwa cha mtundu wamisala.

Ali aang'ono, mboziyo imawoneka ngati ndowe za mbalame. Pambuyo pa molt wina, mawanga akuda ndi owala a lalanje amawonekera pa thupi. Maonekedwe okongola amalola zilombo kumvetsetsa kuti tizilombo sizabwino kudya anthu. Ngati mboziyo ikuwona kuti ndiyowopsa, imayamba kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa m'minyanga, posonyeza kuti kukoma kwake ndikonyansa.

Pa mapiko akumbuyo pali malo owoneka ngati buluu okhala ndi malire wakuda, wokumbutsa maonekedwe. Mapikowo akatambasulidwa, malo oonerawa amawawopseza olusa omwe akufuna kudya phwando ndi njenjete. Mphamvuyo imakonzedwa ndi njira zowiririka pa nsonga za mapiko, zonga ponytails.

Zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo, njenjete zimawonedwa ngati tizirombo chifukwa cha kudyedwa kwa mbeu zomwe zimamera ndi anthu. Anthu ankapha agulugufe m'njira iliyonse, azichitira minda ndi ziphe ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nyama kwatsika msanga ndipo kukumana ndi mbalameyi kukukhala vuto.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chiwerengero cha omwe akumeza ndi chaching'ono ndipo chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe. Ku Russia, anthu amawona kuti ndi ochepa. Magulu okhala m'malo omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa njanji ndi ngalande za malo okhala ndi poizoni amathiridwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Kutentha kwa udzu wa m'dzinja, komwe kwachitika ngozi yayikulu, kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Mukawotcha udzu mchaka, unyinji waziphuphu nthawi yozizira pamitengo ya mbewu zimawonongeka. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa manambala kumayambitsidwanso ndi udzu wa chilimwe kutchetcha mumisewu yayikulu.

Gawo la cholakwa limakhala ndi okhometsa omwe akufuna kupeza mitundu yambiri yodziwika yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chawo. Amagwira munthu aliyense payekha, kapena amasinthana ndi okonda gulugufe ena ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana. Koma palibe amene amatenga ziwerengero, komanso data pazochuluka zowonongeka.

Mavuto achilengedwe ndi monga nyengo yozizira, kutentha pang'ono, chisanu choyambirira, chifukwa chomwe munthu alibe nthawi yogwirira, kugwa kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kugonja kwa mphutsi ndi mafangasi ndi majeremusi. Kuchepa kwa ziwerengero kumawonedwa ku Europe. M'mayiko ena, mitunduyi imatetezedwa.

Msungwana wa Gulugufe wa Swallowtail

Chithunzi: Red Book Swallowtail Swallowtail

Akatswiri azachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi akuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa njenjete ndipo akuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse vuto lakutha. Ku Tatarstan, ntchito yomanga nyumba idapangidwa pansi pa dzina la "Machaon Valley". Linapangidwa mwanjira yoti lizitha kusunga malo ndi nyanja yayikulu.

Kuti tiwunikire zavutoli, ku Latvia mu 2013 chithunzi cha kachilombo chidayikidwa pa chida chakumanja kwa dera la Skrudalien. Mu 2006, Machaon adakhala chizindikiro cha Germany. M'mayiko omwe ali pamwambapa, njira zodzitetezera zatengedwa kuti agwire agulugufe akuluakulu ndikuwononga mbozi. Sizoletsedwa kufalitsa tizirombo ndi kudyetsa ziweto m'malo awo.

Anthu okhala padziko lapansi pano akusamalira njenjete kunyumba. pa izi, agulugufe ayenera kuperekedwa ndi aquarium, malita 10 kukula kwa anthu asanu, ndi thanki yamadzi, katsabola ndi nthambi, komwe mbozizo zimasenda poganiza za metamorphoses. Gulugufe amafunika madzi ndi uchi kuti adyetse.

Zinyama zosalimbazi zimatisangalatsa ndi kukongola kwawo, kupulumuka mosavuta, kusintha kosangalatsa. Ena amayesa kugwira njenjete kuti asangalale, osazindikira kuti moyo wake ndiufupi. Ndikwabwino kusangalala ndi kuthengo kwawo, osachepetsa nthawi yochepa yopatsidwa kwa agulugufe kuti akhalepo.

Gulugufe wa Swallowtail: Kufotokozera

Swallowtail ili ndi masamba 37. Mutha kusiyanitsa pansi pa gulugufe mwa mapiko ake okha. Mwa amuna amachokera 65 mpaka 80 mm, mwa akazi - kuchokera 75 mpaka 95 mm. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika masentimita 9. Mapiko a Gulugufe ndi osalimba, ozungulira, otupa. Machaons ndi amphamvu komanso osatopa ndipo samakhala malo amodzi pamalo amodzi. Ngakhale atadya, nthawi zambiri amapukusa mapiko awo kapena pafupifupi amangochokapo.

Gulugufe wam'meza, yemwe chithunzi chake chikhoza kuwonedwa m'nkhaniyi, ndi wokongola kwambiri. Osati akuluakulu okha. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, ngakhale mayendedwe amakopa chidwi. Ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino.

Khola la gulugufe (monga anthu onse masana) limawoneka ngati zikhomo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yolimba. Mapiko a kumbuyo ndi osayandikana ndi m'mimba, popeza ali ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ndi "michira" mkati (kutalika kwa nthambi).

Kwenikweni, choweta ndi mtundu wachikaso lowoneka bwino, ndipo chingwe chakuda chikuyenda thupi lonse. Kutsogolo (kwakukulu) mapiko a gulugufe ndi amtundu wofanana ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo kumbuyo - maunyolo amtambo wakuda wabuluu. Mapikowo amawajambulitsa pamapikowo ndi utoto wofiira. Mbadwo wachilimwe wa agulugufe amayenda kwambiri kuposa woyamba.

Habitat

Gulugufe wa Swallowtail amakhala ku Europe konse kupatula Ireland. Amapezeka ku Asia, North America ndi Africa. Gulugufeyu amatha kuwoneka m'malo otentha, ndipo m'mapiri a Tibet amapezeka m'derali, omwe kutalika kwake ndi pansi pa 4500 metres.

A Machaon amakonda malo otseguka, makamaka, amakhala m'mphepete mwa meadows, mu tundra, the steppe, nthawi zina ngakhale ku chipululu. Kumpoto kwa gulugufewa kumachitika kuyambira mu June mpaka Ogasiti, komanso kumwera - kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka Okutobala. Mkulu amakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu.

Machaon amabereka bwanji

Nyengo yamphaka ya gulugufe imayamba mu Meyi. Koma kutengera dera lomwe akukhalamo, nthawi ino imatha kusiyanasiyana - nthawi zina zimachitika mu Julayi, Ogasiti kapena Seputembala. Kukhwima kumachitika mu mlengalenga, munthawi yomwe kumatchedwa kuluka.

Zikadzachitika mkatimo, zazikazi zimayikira mazira achikasu atatu nthawi imodzi. Pakati pa nyengo iye amatha kubereka mazira 120. Amphaka amapezeka mkati mwa sabata. Zili zokongola kwambiri, zowala. Poyamba, ndimangokhala wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga oyera ndi ofiira. Kenako amasanduka obiriwira, mtundu wowonjezera wa lalanje ndi mikwingwirima yakuda amawoneka. Amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo akangobadwa kumene amayamba kudya masamba.

Kuti muteteze kwa adani, gulugufe wam'meza ali ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa pamutu pake kuti satha kuwoneka ngati mboziyo ili pamalo abata. Koma pangozi, amasintha kukhala malalanje, kufalikira fungo losasangalatsa.

Pambuyo pake, monga agulugufe ena, mbozi zakameza zimasanduka pupae. Kutengera ndi nyengo, amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'chilimwe, amakhala achikasu; amakhala kwamasabata atatu. M'nyengo yozizira amakhala bulauni. Nthawi imeneyi, pupae amakula kuposa miyezi ingapo mpaka nyengo yotentha ikayamba, pomwe gulugufe wopangika amatha kuuluka kale osawopa nyengo yozizira ndikudya.

Adani a Gulugufe

Adani akuluakulu a machaon ndi mbalame, akangaude ndi zina zotetezedwa. Komanso agulugufe amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu pakusintha kwa munthu wamkulu: mu mawonekedwe a mazira, mbozi ndi pupae. Ambiri amafa chifukwa cha moto wa stepep.

Chiwerengero cha agulugufe awa m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana. Izi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutchera kwawo kwa zopereka.Ku Ukraine, Germany, Lithuania ndi Latvia, agulugufe awa adalembedwa mu Red Book. Gulugufe wa Swallowtail sakhala wamitundu yambiri ndipo samayambitsa mavuto mu ulimi. Koma izi sizinadziwike kalekale, ndipo m'mbuyomu nkhondo yolimbana nayo idalipo. Ngati asayansi alephera kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa zokongolazi, ndiye kuti amatha kuzimiririka pa nkhope ya Dziko lapansi.

Kusintha

Gulugufe wam'badwo woyamba komanso anthu okhala kumpoto kwa mtunduwo ali ndi utoto, agulugufe a mibadwo ya chilimwe ndi okulirapo ndipo ali ndi mtundu wowala. Mwakuyerekezera kwam'badwo woyamba, mawonekedwe amdima pamapiko amatchulidwa. Mu zaka zotentha, mawonekedwe a agulugufe ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ndondomeko yakuda yakuda.

Khalidwe lazachilengedwe

Machaon akamayamba kugwira ntchito masana, amatha maluwa ambiri. Agulugufe akuluakuluwa amafunika timadzi tokoma tambiri, kotero amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mapaki ndi m'minda.

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Amuna ndi tizilombo touluka. Amasankha malo awo pamalo achitetezo. Komanso, si achilendo kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, atakhala m'mphepete mwa dziwe. Anthu onse amakonda kukhala pamapiri ndi mitengo yayitali. Ambiri a Machaons amalumphira pamtunda ndikuwonetsa kuvina kwawo kwachidziwikire kumayambira pansi.

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Mwachilengedwe, ndizosatheka kupeza Machaon atapumula ndi mapiko onse atatambasulidwa, chifukwa mapiko akumbuyo sawoneka akutsutsana ndi kutsogolo. Swallowtail imatha kufalitsa mapiko kotheratu ndikayatsidwa ndi dzuwa lotentha lowala.

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Utali wamoyo

Nthawi yakuuluka kwa agulugufe amenewa imayamba nyengo yachisanu mpaka yophukira. Munthawi imeneyi, pafupifupi mibadwo itatu ya oimira awa akuwonekera. Ma Machaon ambiri amapereka mibadwo iwiri yokha ya agulugufe. Kutalika kwa nthawi ya moyo wa gulugufe wachikulire sikupita milungu itatu.

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Kubala nyengo

Wamkazi mmodzi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 120. Pakumanga mabatani, gulugufe amapachika pamitengoyi kukaikira mazira pambali ya tsinde kapena tsamba la chomera. Gawo la dzira ku Machaons limatha masiku 5, pamapeto pake pamatuluka mphutsi zakuda zokhala ndi mawanga owala. Ndi m'badwo, amasintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira ndi madontho a lalanje ndi mikwaso yakuda.

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Kutembenuza Swallowtail Caterpillar kukhala Pupa

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Mphutsi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimadya pafupipafupi. Chifukwa cha izi, kwenikweni mu sabata amafika 9mm kutalika. Chakudya chodziwika bwino cha mphutsi ndi mazira, maluwa, ndi masamba. Mphutsi imodzi imatha kudya bedi la katsabola. Koma kumayambiriro kwa chrysalis, mphutsi zimaleka kusunga michere yazakudya. Nthawi ya pupal imachitika pazomera za mbewu. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira wachikasu kapena bulawuni. Zimatengera nthawi yamwana. Nthawi yaubwana imatenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu mpaka miyezi ingapo. Kuthamanga kwa mawonekedwe a gulugufe kumatengera nyengo.

Dera

Kuwona kwadera lonse la Holarctic. Imapezeka paliponse ku Europe (kulibe ku Ireland kokha, ndipo ku England kumangokhala dera la Norfolk) kuchokera kunyanja za ku Arctic Ocean kupita kugombe la Black Sea ndi Caucasus. Imapezeka ku Asia (kuphatikizanso malo otentha), North Africa ndi North America. M'mapiri a ku Europe amakwera pamtunda wa 2000 m pamwamba pa nyanja (Alps), ku Asia - mpaka 4500 m (Tibet).

Habitat

Amakhala m'mabotolo otentha bwino, nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo onyowa momwe zimagwirira chakudya chamumera. Imapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tundra kumpoto. Munkhalango yamtchire - mumakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana, m'mphepete, m'mbali mwa msewu, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu agrocenoses. Dera lotsetsereka la Caspian (dera la Astrakhan ndi Kalmykia ku Russia, ku Azerbaijan) limapezekanso m'madambo opanda ziphuphu komanso mapiri owuma. Anthu osakwatiwa omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wosamukira amatha kuuluka kupita kumizinda yayikulu.

Zomera zam'madzi

Pakati msewu, maambulela osiyanasiyana, makamaka, hogweed (Heraclium), karoti (Daucus) - zonse zakutchire komanso zofala,Anethum), parsley (Petroselinum), angelicaAngelica), butene (Chaerophyllum), gorinik (Peenedanum), prangos (Prangos), fennel (Foeniculum), wodula (Libanotis), gircha (Selinum), gyrnovitsa (Thyselium), Selari (Apiamu), nthanga zonyamula (Carum), ntchafu (Pimpinella), wodula (Falcaria) M'madera ena, pali oimira mizu: phulusa lotentha (Dictamnus dasycarpus), Amur velvet (Phellodendron amurensis), mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamasambaHaplophillum), Asteraceae: chowawaArtemisia) (kumapiri ndi zipululu za Central Asia), birch: alder Maksimovich (Alnus maximowiczii), Alder achi Japan (A. japonica) (zomaliza ku South Kuril Islands).

Zidziwitso Zachitetezo

Zalembedwa mu Red Book of Ukraine (1994), ku Russia - mu Red Book of the Moscow Region (1998) - gulu la 3, Gulu la Smolensk - 2 gulu, Vologda Region (2006) - gulu la 3, Latvia (1998) - 2 gulu, Lithuania - 3 gulu, Germany - gulu 4, Karelia - gulu 3, Pamayendedwe oyambawa, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha moto (makamaka zisa), kutchetcha kosalekeza, kudyetsa msipu kambiri, kupondaponda mitengo yayikulu.