Singano
Nsomba zodziwika bwino (Syngnathus acus)
Gulu la asayansi

Singano, kapena ma igles (lat. Syngnathidae) - banja la m'madzi am'madzi, nsomba zamadzi am'madzi amtundu wa syrnnatiidei wozungulira (Syngnathiidees).

Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu 298 ya nsomba, yolumikizidwa mu genera 57. Mwa mitundu iyi, mitundu pafupifupi 244 ya mitundu 56 ya mitundu isodzi ya nsomba zamkati ndi mitundu pafupifupi 54 ya mtundu womwewo wa seahores (Hippocampus) Chain-taine ya m'madzi yozunguliraAmphelikturus dendriticus) ochokera ku Bahamas ndi, kunena kwake titero, ndi mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa nsomba za singano ndi seahorses.

Zodziwika bwino

Kukula kwa nsomba zachikulire kumakhala pakati pa 2,5 mpaka 60 cm (nsomba ya singano) ndi 4-20 cm (seahorses). Oyimira banjali amakhala ndi thupi lalitali kwambiri (singano zam'madzi) kapena mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kavalo, mutu wake utakhazikika kumaso ndipo wopindika makamaka ndi mchira (seahorses). Mutu wofupikitsa. Mchirawo ndi wautali, ndi chithandizo chake amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi algae ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Caudal chocheperako kapena chosakhalapo. Zipsepse zamkati zimapezekanso.

Mtundu wake umakhala wosiyanasiyana: wofiyira, wofiirira, wachikasu, wabulauni, wobiriwira, imvi wokhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana owoneka bwino. Mitundu ingapo imatha kusintha mtundu wa thupi kutengera mtundu wa chilengedwe. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi kuyerekezera: mawonekedwe a thupi, mtundu wake, kusunthika kosiyanasiyana kumatsata algae kapena coral.

Habitat

Banjali limaphatikizapo nsomba zam'madzi ndi zam'madzi am'madzi, komanso mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imakhala m'madzi abwino. Amagawidwa m'mbali mwa nyanja yamadzi otentha komanso otentha. Amakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa mchenga, m'nkhalango za algae ndi corals. Pali mitundu yomwe imakhala nthawi zonse m'mphepete mwa madzi, mwachitsanzo, nsomba za singano za pelagic zopezeka mu Black Sea (Syngnathus schmidti) ndi Entelurus aequoreus kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Sargasso, yomwe imapezeka ku Atlantic Ocean.

Kuswana

Njira yakulera ndi yovuta. Wamphongo nthawi zonse amasamalira ana. Mwa mitundu yambiri, imakhala yaimuna yomwe imanyamula mazira mu "thumba la ana" - chipinda chotseka chomwe chili kumunsi kwa thupi m'deralo. Wamkazi amayikira mazira m'magawo ang'onoang'ono mchikwama. Mukamayikira mazira umuna. M'madzi ofunika, thumba la ana limakhala lotalika, lalitali, lotalika pakati, ndi ma mavuvu awiri ofananira, omwe mwa mitundu yambiri munthawi ya bere amatha kutseka kwathunthu, kupatula mazira omwe akutukuka kuchokera kwina. M'matumba, chikwama chimakhala chotseka kwathunthu - chili ndi bowo laling'ono kutsogolo kwaikira mazira ndikusiya mwachangu.

Kufotokozera ndi kufalitsa nsomba zofunikira

Nsomba yotere, yomwe imayimira banja la singano, imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku India, Thailand, Burma, ndipo imapezekanso nthawi zambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja, Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov. Oyimira ena ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi atatu, amapatsidwa thupi lolimba la silvery hue, nsagwada yopapatiza yokhala ndi mano akuthwa. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nsomba izi: ya njoka komanso wamba. Ndikwabwino kusaka nsomba zotere nthawi yachisanu. Nyama yake ndi yoyera komanso yowutsa mudyo, yokonda ngati pike kapena pike perch, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Podziwa momwe singano ndilowera, tikambirana maphikidwe ena pokonzekera kwake.

Singano ya nsomba papilo yamasamba

Zosakaniza: nsomba ziwiri, kaloti atatu, magalamu makumi asanu ndi awiri a mafuta a masamba, anyezi 6, tomato 8, mchere, tsabola wofiyira ndi paprika kuti mulawe.

Choyamba muyenera kudula nsomba. Kuti muchite izi, dulani mutu ndi mchira, chotsani zipsepse, yeretsani zamkati, sambani ndikudula pakati. Chifukwa chake, zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu zokha ziyenera kulandiridwa. Kenako mafuta amasamba amatsanuliridwa mu poto, ndipo nsomba ya singano imayesedwa pamenepo. Momwe kuphika kotsatira, tsopano tikambirana. Chifukwa chake, nsomba imakongoletsedwa mbali zonse mpaka bulauni lagolide. Kenako amayamba kukonzera pilo yamasamba. Kuti muchite izi, pakani karoti pa grater, imakhala gawo lapansi. Komanso anyezi ndi tomato amadulidwa kukhala mphete. Kaloti ndi anyezi amatumizidwa ku poto ndikuwathandizira kwa mphindi zingapo. Payokha, mwachangu tomato, ndikuwonjezera madzi pang'ono.

Danga la anyezi ndi kaloti limayikidwa mu poto yayikulu, ndiye - tomato ndi singano zimayikidwa pamwamba, maphikidwe omwe tikambirane. Nthawi yomweyo, chidutswa chilichonse chimakonkhedwa ndi tsabola wotentha. Kenako nsomba imakutidwa ndi masamba mosiyanako. Phimbani poto ndikuyika moto, simmer kwa mphindi makumi awiri, ndikumwaza mchere ndi paprika kuti mulawe. Mbale yotsirizidwa imayikidwapo mbale zachigawo ndipo zimayikidwa patebulo. Kukoma kwa malonda ndi kosangalatsa kwambiri.

French Bouillabaisse Msuzi

Chakudya ichi ndi chotchuka kwambiri pakati pa oyendetsa sitima a Marseille. Mulinso nsomba za singano, maphikidwe omwe ndi osiyanasiyana, komanso nkhanu ndi zina zam'nyanja.

Zosakaniza: kilogalamu imodzi ya nsomba singano, theka la kilogalamu ya nsomba ya salimoni, stingray kapena paw-paw, magalamu mazana awiri a squid, magalamu mazana awiri a shrimp, zana magalamu a mamsels, magalamu zana a scallops, anyezi awiri, ma clove asanu ndi limodzi, mmodzi wa tomato mu madzi ake kapena atatu atsopano Tomato, komanso ma gramu mazana awiri a vinyo wowuma, zipatso ziwiri za udzu, malupu awiri, masamba asanu ndi limodzi, chipatso chimodzi cha lalanje, gulu la zitsamba, tsabola wakuda ndi zonunkhira kuti mulawe.

Choyamba, nsomba ya singano, yokonza yomwe ndi yosavuta kwambiri, nsomba kapena nsomba zina zimatsukidwa ndikudzazidwa ndi madzi ozizira, kuyatsidwa moto pang'ono kuti uphike. Pakalipano, anyezi osankhidwa, adyo wosemedwa, tomato ophwanyika, kuwonjezera vinyo yoyera, amasokedwa mu mafuta a masamba mu casserole. Kenako onjezani msuzi.

Kujambula maluwa onunkhira

Peel ya lalanje imakulungidwa mu chichewa, kudula mutizidutswa tambiri, tsamba la bay, zokometsera za nsomba, nandolo .Popaka kukonzedwa, chikwama cha gauze chimamangidwa ndikuyika mu osakaniza masamba, omwe amapezeka mu kolifoni. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zisamagwire zonunkhira kuchokera msuzi pambuyo pake, chifukwa zidzakhala zowonekera komanso zokongola.

Nsombayo amaduladula mzidutswa ndikuisinthira ku cauldron, yophika kwa mphindi makumi awiri. Popita nthawi, chikwama cha zonunkhira chimakoka. Zakudya zam'nyanja zimatsukidwa, kutsukidwa ndikuyika msuzi, kuwiritsa kwa mphindi zisanu. Ikani amadyera m'mbale omalizira. Msuzi umagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi croutons (owotcha opangidwa ndi mikate yoyera) ndi msuzi wa Rui.

Pomaliza ...

Iye, tikudziwa kale) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi. Imakongoletsedwa, kuwotchera, kuwiritsa, kuwuma ndi zina zotero. Ku kukoma kwanu, imafanana ndi nyama ya pike kapena imakhala yopatsa thanzi, kuthirira pakamwa komanso wathanzi.

Nsomba za singano (nthumwi ya banja la Iglov) ndi mtundu wosangalatsa wa nsomba zomwe zimakhala munyanja yaku Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ataliatali. Amakhala ndi moyo wofanana ndi kuswana ndi seahorses.

Asayansi adazindikira kuti zaka zopitilira 10 miliyoni zapitazo, singano zam'nyanja adapeza mtundu woteteza ndipo adayamba kuyenda molunjika chifukwa cha kupangidwe kwa malo osaya mu nyanja ya Pacific. Ali ndi dzina lawo mawonekedwe ake, amakumbukira singano yayitali. Kutalika kwake sikupitilira theka la mita. Chifukwa chosowa zipsepse zochuluka, nsomba zamano sizisambira mwachangu kwambiri. Mitundu ina, ikakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri, imasunga mchira wawo pakatchire. Zimawathandizanso kudzipatula kwa adani.

Nsomba ya singano imakhala yodziwika bwino kutenga mtundu womwe ukufunidwa panthawi yangozi yomwe ikubwera, ngati chinyama. Palibe mano. Thupi limakutidwa ndi mbale zolimba. Pali mtundu wonyezimira, wonyezimira.

Usodzi

Asodzi sakhala ndi chidwi ndi nsomba zamano. Zimadyera okhala m'madzi akuluakulu, ngakhale kuti singano nthawi zina zimagwera mbedza. Kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo kulinso kovuta.

Nthawi zina nsomba zamtunduwu zimaperekedwa m'malesitilanti okwera mtengo, monga chakudya chamtengo wapatali.

Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya nsomba zam'nyanja, zomwe zilipo pafupifupi zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu. Ochuluka kwambiri aiwo amatha kutchedwa mtundu Syngnathus, kapena nsomba singano.

Oimira amtunduwu ali ndi zipsepse zamkati ndi caudal, ndipo kutsogolo kwa thupi kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a hexagonal, omwe amasintha ku tetrahedral kumka kumbuyo. Pazonse, pali pafupifupi oimira 50 pamtunduwu.

Mitundu ya singano za njoka, kapena Neropsis, siyimayimiridwa motere. Thupi la oimira amtunduwu ndi loonda kwambiri, lozungulira pamtanda, ndipo zipsepse zawo za pectoral ndi caudal sizipezeka konse. Maonekedwe awo, ofanana ndi singano kapena sera, amagwirizana kwathunthu ndi dzina la nsomba.

Mtundu wina wa singano zopanda m'madzi za m'madzi kapena ziphuphu za Penetopteryx palibe. Nsombazi zimakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa miyala yamiyala yamiyala, pomwe, pangozi, zimakumba mumchenga wamakhola.

Kukula kwa nsomba ya singano kumadalira mtundu wake ndipo kumatha kukhala osiyana masentimita 2,5 mpaka 50. Sangatchedwe kuti amasambira abwino; amasambira mosasunthika komanso kuthamanga.

Malipidwe a nsomba'wa ndiwotalikirapo, koma ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe imatha kugwiritsa ntchito pakusambira. Ndipo mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito mchira wawo kuphatikiza ndi udzu kapena pansi, kuti isatengeke ndi zomwe zilipo.

Ndi luso ili, nsomba zamano ndizofanana ndi seahorse yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri. Ma singano am'nyanja amakhala makamaka m'malo otentha komanso am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, mumalo omwe mwachilengedwe mumamera zambiri, pamakhala matanthwe, ndipo pansi pamakhala mchenga.

Pali nthawi zina pamene amasambira mitsinje yokwera pamtunda wautali. Izi nsomba zimatha kusintha mtundu wawo kutengera chilengedwe, zomwe zimafotokoza kuti mwachilengedwe pali nsomba zamalonda zamitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri. Matupi awo, omwe amasuntha pang'onopang'ono akusambira, ali ofanana kwambiri ndi utoto wawo ndi mayendedwe awo atali mozungulira mozungulira.

Chifukwa cha kubisika kumeneku, singano za nsomba sizimawoneka kwa adani. Zakudya za oimira amitundu yonse ya nsomba zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi planktonic crustaceans. Koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti njira yolembera chakudya si yophweka. Chodabwitsa cha nsomba singano ndichakuti mphukira zake zazitali zilibe mano, motero nsomba izi sizikhala ndi kanthu kena kogwirira. Chifukwa chaichi, kudya nsomba ndi singano tingayerekeze ndi pipette. Khungubwayo ikangowonekera m'munda wowonerera nsomba'yi, imangoyendetsa pomwe ikuwombera ndikuyiyendetsa pamodzi ndi madzi mkati.

Ana amasamalidwa ndi amuna okha. Atavomera kukhala pachibwenzi, chachikazi pachimodzimodzi mawu amadzipukuta mozungulira wamwamuna, ndikuyamba kutuluka. Amuna amtundu wa Nerophis ali ndi ufa wapadera mkati mwa thupi momwe amaikira mazira, pomwe amuna a genus Syngnathus ali ndi thumba lapadera pazolinga zofananira.

Longfish (Syngnathus typhle) sichikhala kutali ndi Nyanja Yakuda komanso Nyanja ya Azov. Mtundu waukulu wamtunduwu ndiwofala ku gombe la Western Europe; umalowera Nyanja ya Baltic kupita ku Gulf of Finland. Nsomba yokhala ndi ulusi wautali idatchedwa dzina lalitali, lamphamvu kwambiri pambuyo pake, lakutsogolo, komwe kuli mkamwa yaying'ono. Thupi la singano ya nsomba ndi yayitali komanso yotsika, yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi zishango zamafupa. Palibe zipsepse zamkati, ma anal amakhala ochepa kwambiri, nthawi zina kunja kwa amuna sizowonekera. Dorsal fin yokha, zipsepse za mchenga ndi zipsepse za caudal zazing'ono. Mtunduwu ndiwobiliwira kapena wamtambo wonyezimira, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi madontho. Nsombazi zimafika kutalika kwa 37 cm.

Singano yokhala ndi ulusi wautali ndiye mtundu wakunja wa singano ya ku Europe. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Atlantic kuyambira ku Norway kupita ku Morocco, kufupi ndi zilumba za Britain, ku Baltic, Mediterranean, Black ndi Azov Seas, ndipo ndizofala pano ku Nyanja Yakuda ndi Nyanja ya Azov.

Nkhope ya nsomba nthawi zambiri imasungidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, makamaka m'mitengo yamadzi apansi pamadzi, pakati pamiyala ndi miyala yomwe imakulidwa ndi algae. Kutengera ndi chilengedwe, mtundu umasinthikanso, ndikuphimba ndi singano yam'madzi m'malo mwake. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zamtunduwu zimapezeka mpaka pakuya ma 10-12 metres, koma nthawi zina zimapezekanso munyanja. Nsomba zofunikiranso zimayandikira pakamwa pa mitsinje, nthawi zina zimakumana ngakhale m'madzi oyera. Amadyetsa akhungu ochepa, nsomba mwachangu, ndipo nthawi zina nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri. Mukamadyetsa, bulout snout imachita ngati pipette: pamene masaya achulukitsidwa kwambiri, nyamayo imakokedwa mwachangu mkamwa kuchokera patali masentimita 4.

Kuluka kwa nthenga zazitali zautali mu Black Sea kumachitika mu Epulo-Julayi. Njira yoperekera kubereka kwa singano zonse za m'madzi ndizovuta kwambiri. Wamphongo wamwamuna pampata wam'mimba m'chigawo cha mchira ali ndi chipinda chapadera cha mazira, amapangidwa ndi khungu mbali ziwiri za thupi. Izi makola adapinda pamimba ndikuphimba mazira. Akachita chibwenzi, wamkazi amapita kuzungulirane ndi kuyikira mazira m'chipinda chake chotsekera, pomwe mazira amakhala ndi umuna. M'mphepete mwa khola, ndikupanga thumba pafupifupi 1/3 la kutalika kwa nsomba. Pafupifupi mazira 100 amaikidwa m'chikwama.

Wamphongo amanyamula mazira mpaka kuwaswa, chifukwa kwakanthawi amawanyamula m'chikwama chake. Pofuna kuti mwachangu atuluke m'chipinda chamwana, champhongo chimakunga thupi ndi arc m'mwamba motero amatsegula chikwamacho. Pakachitika ngozi, mwachangu amabisanso pansi pa chitetezo cha abambo osamala. Mtunduwu, monga singano zina zonse zam'madzi, ulibe phindu lililonse pachuma.

Singano yayikulu kwambiri yasodzi yam'madzi yomwe imapezeka mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov, nsomba ya singano wamba (Syngnathus acus), imatalika masentimita 46. nsomba izi zimagawidwa m'mphepete mwa Europe kuchokera ku Norway kupita ku Morocco, amakhala ku zilumba za Britain ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean, koma kulibe m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baltic, yomwe imasungidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madambo akuya kuya kwa mita 90 kapena kupitilira apo, ndizofala pakati pazitunda zamchere. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pakatundu ndi mchira wake.

Mosiyana kwambiri ndi singano zonse za kunyanja ya Black Sea-Azov m'makokedwe ake achidule, nsomba ya Black Sea puffy-up singano-nsomba (S, abaster) (m'mabuku nthawi zina imatchedwa S. nigrolineatus). Mtunduwu ndiwofala m'mphepete mwa kum'mwera kwa Europe ndi gombe lakumpoto kwa Africa; timapeza mu nyanja ya Black, Azov ndi Caspian pamadzi akuya mpaka mamita 5, pamwamba pamchenga kapena matope pansi pa detritus kapena masamba am'madzi, imalowa m'mitsinje ndi nyanja, komanso idalowa m'malo osungirako Volga . Imafika kutalika 21 cm.

Malo ocheperako omwe amagawirako ali ndi nsomba zophatikizika ndi singano (S. tenuirostris), yomwe imakhala kunyanja yakuda, Azov ndi Adriatic. Ili ndi singano yayikulu yam'madzi, yayitali kutalika kwa 38.6 masentimita, simalowa m'madzi opanda madzi. Pokhapokha mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov pali kakang'ono (kutalika kwa 11 masentimita) singano yolira (Black schmidti), kamene nthawi zambiri imakhala munyanja momasuka mpaka 50-70 metres, ndikufika kutalika kwa masentimita 30-tinthu tating'ono, kapena tinsomba tating'onoting'ono ( S. andigatus), wokhala m'matalala amphepete mwa nyanja. Tili ndi chidwi kwambiri Nyanja ya Japan - singano yam'mbali mwa nyanja (S. acusimilis), yomwe imalowa mkamwa mwa mitsinje.

M'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Atlantic kuchokera ku Norway kupita kumpoto kwa Africa, ku Mediterranean ndi Black Seas, singano ya njoka, kapena sea awl (Nerophis ophidion), ndizofala. Chipinda cha ana mumtundu wamtunduwu ndizotseguka, osatetezedwa ndi zikopa za khungu, ndipo mazira amaphatikizidwa mwachindunji pamimba. Singano ya njoka imakhala ndi thupi loonda lalitali; mwa akulu, mulibe zipsepse zamatumbo, ma anal, ndi ziphuphu. Nthawi zambiri imakhala imasozika chikasu kapena chikasu chobiriwira ndi madontho a bulauni, pofika nthawi yotambalala imakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yamtambo ndi mawanga.M'dziko lathu, mtunduwu umapezeka kumtunda kwa Baltic (kuphatikizapo Gulf of Finland), Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov, ndipo nthawi zina pamabwera mitsinje.

Malo anu okhala ali ndi anthu ambiri okhala nawo, koma mukufuna kuwona pakati pawo nsomba singano . Zowona, mudali ndimafunso ambiri ndikukayikira: ndi mtundu wanji wa nsomba, momwe mungasamalire moyenera, ngakhale atakhala kuti akudwala komanso ngati angagwirizane ndi abale ena. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za kukonza komanso kuswana kwa singano.

Mwambiri, nsomba za singano ndizam'madzi komanso zopanda brack. Ngakhale ena mwa oimilira amakhala m'madzi abwino. Amakhala, monga lamulo, m'mbali mwa nyanja yamadzi otentha komanso otentha. Amakhala momasuka kwambiri m'mphepete mwa mchenga, m'matanthwe a algae, coral.

Mwa njira, mitundu ina nthawi zonse imakhala mu wandiweyani (mwachitsanzo, wokhala ku Black Sea - singgic nsomba-singano).

Nsomba yama singano ndiyotakata kwambiri, kumapeto kwa mutu wake ndikumeta kooneka ngati chubu. Alibe zipsepse pamimba pake, pamchira mwina ndi laling'ono kwambiri kapena kulibe. Nsombayi imakhala ndi mchira wautali, wosinthika; imadziwa "kuilunga" ndi algae. Nsomba izi sizitchedwa osambira abwino; amasambira mosasunthika komanso kuthamanga.
Mtundu wawo umasinthika kwambiri, umatha kukhala wofiira, wachikasu, wobiriwira, imvi wokhala ndi mawanga, oyera, ndi zina. Oimira ena amatha kusintha mtundu malinga ndi momwe awazungulira.

Mitundu yake imasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu - kuchokera pa 2,5 mpaka 50 cm.

Mitundu wamba ya nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi

Nsomba za singano zam'nyanja zimakhala ndi genera zingapo. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi Syngnathus, mwanjira ina, nsomba wamba singano (alipo oposa 50 a iwo). Ili ndi ziphuphu za caudal ndi pectoral, mbali yakumaso ya thupi ili ndi mawonekedwe a hexagonal, kumbuyo kwake - anayi.

Kodi mumadziwa?Nyanja ya Africa ku Malawi, nsomba - ma cichlid amakhala. Akazi awo amakhala ndi ziwaswa m'milomo yawo. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, azimayi amakana kudya.

Pali ma Neropsis, kapena masingano owoneka ngati njoka, ndi ochepa kwambiri. Thupi lansomba ndi locheperako, zipse za caudal ndi pectoral sizipezeka. Amawoneka ngati singano kapena awl.

Mtundu wina ndi Penetopteryx, ndiko kuti, singano zopanda nyanja. Plavnichkov oimira awa alibe. Khazikikani m'misewu yamiyala yamiyala yam'madzi, mukutsamira mumchenga pachiwopsezo.

Nsomba yofunikayo imadyera makamaka ma crankaceic ochepa a planktonic, kuzikoka zokha ndi kufufuma kwake pamene zimasambira kwambiri kuposa 4 cm.
Singano amakondanso nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono, achule, agwape, ma tadpoles ndi nauplii.

Singano amakonda kudumphira m'madzi, ndipo kutalika kwambiri, choncho thankiyo iyenera kuphimbidwa kuchokera pamwamba.

Ikani pansi ndi mchenga wabwino, Javanese moss ndi chomera choyenera. Kumbukirani kuti singano timakonda kutetezedwa ndi miyala, makhwala, misinga, m'mapanga.

Kukula kwa madzi, kwachilengedwe chosinthika - ndikofunikira! Kamodzi pa sabata, konzani madzi (gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a buku).
Anthu ena amasakaniza mchere m'madzi ena. Koma, monga momwe machitidwe awonetsera, nsomba ndiyabwino m'madzi atsopano.

Zofunika!Mukamayeretsa nsomba "nyumba", kumbukirani mano akuthwa kwa nsomba singano, chifukwa mukatero mudzalumidwa.

Monga momwe mumamvetsetsa kale, singano ndi nsomba yolusa. Koma, makamaka, osati aukali. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizisunga pamodzi ndi nsomba zina zazikulu komanso zodekha, zomwe sizingadye.

Pewani kuyandikira kwake kwa nsomba zambiri, zosapumira.

Mwambiri, alibe mikangano yapadera. Amakonzekera kukhala m'gulu laling'ono la abale atatu kapena anayi.

Kutulutsa kumayambira pakati pa kasupe, kutha kumapeto kwa Julayi. Kuti "mukwiyitse" njirayi, dyetsani zoweta zanu zazing'ono kwa milungu iwiri, komanso musinthe madzi tsiku lililonse.

Izi nsomba zikuchita ana ... wamwamuna. Ali ndi kamera yapadera yopangira mazira, yopangidwa ndi zikopa ziwiri kumbali za thupi, zokutira zimakhazikika kumimba, potero kutseka ana mtsogolo.

Izi zisanachitike, zazikazi zimadziphimba ndi zamphongozo, ndikuyika caviar mu "thumba" lotchedwa, momwe amaikira mazira pafupifupi 100. Abambo amatenga nawanyamula. Kwina mu masiku 10 mwachangu amawonekera, koma akadali owerengeka.
Ngakhale atatuluka, ana amathamangira “m'thumba” la abambo awo pangozi, komanso nthawi ikada. Pazonse, amalangizidwa kuti apereke zamphongo ndi thanki yapadera, komwe angathe kuchitapo kanthu modekha komanso mosabereka.

Zofunika!Ndi chakudya choperewera, nthawi zambiri wamwamuna amayamba kudya ana ake amtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, munthawi imeneyi, kuda nkhawa ndi chakudya chokwanira cha iye.

Matenda a nsomba

Nsomba za singano ndizosangalatsa. Koma, monga mukuwonera, siovuta kuwasamalira. Kuwagulitsa m'madzi am'madzi, muyenera kulingalira zonse mpaka zazing'ono, chifukwa nsombayi imakhala ndi abale ofanana kapena akulu.

Ngati mungaganize zoyamba kuyambitsa mtunduwu basi, musadandaule. Tsatirani malamulo oswana ndipo mudzapambana!

Kudyetsa singano za nsomba

Nsomba za m'madzi akuluakulu zimadyedwa ndi singano za chakudya ndi nsomba, achule, shrimp, tadpoles, nauplii, plankton crustaceans. Poona nyama, nsombayo imagwira masekondi angapo, kenako mwadzidzidzi imeza nyamayo, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale vuto kuti pakhale poyambira pakamwa. Wovutitsidwayo amakokedwa kumkamwa wamtunda kuchokera kutali kwa 4 cm.

Ndikosavuta kusamutsa singano zam'madzi kuchokera pachakudya chamoyo kupita ku chakudya cham'madzi oundana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kukhala ndi brine shrimp. Pazakudya zotere, padzakhala kusowa kwa mchere ndi mavitamini, omwe amathandizidwa ndi daphnia live, coreret ndi magazi. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, singano zam'madzi zimadya plankton, ndipo zimadyetsedwa nthawi 4-5 patsiku mu aquarium ya singano.

Latin Latin Syngnathus.

Nsomba yokhala ndi ulusi wautali idatchedwa dzina lalitali, lamphamvu kwambiri pambuyo pake, lakutsogolo, komwe kuli mkamwa yaying'ono. Thupi la singano ya nsomba ndi yayitali komanso yotsika, yokutidwa kwathunthu

zotchinga mafupa. Palibe zipsepse zamkati, ma anal amakhala ochepa kwambiri, nthawi zina kunja kwa amuna sizowonekera. Dorsal fin yokha, zipsepse za mchenga ndi zipsepse za caudal zazing'ono. Mtunduwu ndiwobiliwira kapena wamtambo wonyezimira, nthawi zambiri wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi madontho. Nsombazi zimafika kutalika kwa 37 cm.

Singano yokhala ndi ulusi wautali ndiye mtundu wakunja wa singano ya ku Europe. Imakhala m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Atlantic kuyambira ku Norway kupita ku Morocco, kufupi ndi zilumba za Britain, ku Baltic, Mediterranean, Black ndi Azov Seas, ndipo ndizofala pano ku Nyanja Yakuda ndi Nyanja ya Azov.

Nkhope ya nsomba nthawi zambiri imasungidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, makamaka m'mitengo yamadzi apansi pamadzi, pakati pamiyala ndi miyala yomwe imakulidwa ndi algae. Kutengera ndi chilengedwe, mtundu umasinthikanso, ndikuphimba ndi singano yam'madzi m'malo mwake. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zamtunduwu zimapezeka mpaka pakuya ma 10-12 metres, koma nthawi zina zimapezekanso munyanja. Nsomba zofunikiranso zimayandikira pakamwa pa mitsinje, nthawi zina zimakumana ngakhale m'madzi oyera. Amadyetsa akhungu ochepa, nsomba mwachangu, ndipo nthawi zina nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri. Mukamadyetsa, bulout snout imachita ngati pipette: pamene masaya achulukitsidwa kwambiri, nyamayo imakokedwa mwachangu mkamwa kuchokera patali masentimita 4.

Kuluka kwa nthenga zazitali zautali mu Black Sea kumachitika mu Epulo-Julayi. Njira yoperekera kubereka kwa singano zonse za m'madzi ndizovuta kwambiri. Wamphongo wamwamuna pampata wam'mimba m'chigawo cha mchira ali ndi chipinda chapadera cha mazira, amapangidwa ndi khungu mbali ziwiri za thupi. Izi makola adapinda pamimba ndikuphimba mazira. Akachita chibwenzi, wamkazi amapita kuzungulirane ndi kuyikira mazira m'chipinda chake chotsekera, pomwe mazira amakhala ndi umuna. M'mphepete mwa khola, ndikupanga thumba pafupifupi 1/3 la kutalika kwa nsomba. Pafupifupi mazira 100 amaikidwa m'chikwama.

Wamphongo amanyamula mazira mpaka kuwaswa, chifukwa kwakanthawi amawanyamula m'chikwama chake. Pofuna kuti mwachangu atuluke m'chipinda chamwana, champhongo chimakunga thupi ndi arc m'mwamba motero amatsegula chikwamacho. Pakachitika ngozi, mwachangu amabisanso pansi pa chitetezo cha abambo osamala. Mtunduwu, monga singano zina zonse zam'madzi, ulibe phindu lililonse pachuma.

Chovala chachikulu kwambiri cha singano zam'nyanja chomwe chimapezeka munyanja ya Black ndi Azov ndi nsomba zamano ambiri(Syngnathus acus) imafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 46. nsomba izi zimagawidwa m'mbali mwa Europe kuchokera ku Norway kupita ku Morocco, zimakhala ku Britain Isles ndi Ocean Sea, koma sizikupezeka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baltic, imasungidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madera akuya mpaka mamita 90 kapena kupitilira apo, ndizofala pakati pamatanthwe a algae . Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pakatundu ndi mchira wake.

Osiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi singano zonse za Nyanja Yakuda-Azov m'makokedwe ake achidule achidule Nyanja yakuda singano yamafuta (S, abaster) (m'mabuku nthawi zina amatchedwa S. nigrolineatus). Mtunduwu ndiwofala m'mphepete mwa kum'mwera kwa Europe ndi gombe lakumpoto kwa Africa; timapeza mu nyanja ya Black, Azov ndi Caspian pamadzi akuya mpaka mamita 5, pamwamba pamchenga kapena matope pansi pa detritus kapena masamba am'madzi, imalowa m'mitsinje ndi nyanja, komanso idalowa m'malo osungirako Volga . Imafika kutalika 21 cm.

Singano yocheperako imakhala ndi malo ocheperako. (S. tenuirostris), okhala munyanja zamchere, Azov ndi Adriatic. Ili ndi singano yayikulu yam'madzi, yayitali kutalika kwa 38.6 masentimita, simalowa m'madzi opanda madzi. Mu Nyanja Zachikulu ndi za Azov pali buluzi losaya (mpaka 11 masentimita) singano yakuda (S. schmidti), Nthawi zambiri amakhala munyanja yakuya pakuya mamita 50-70, ndi kutalika masentimita 30, nsomba yayikulu-yayikulu, kapena yopindika (S. machogatus), okhala m'nkhalangozi. Tili ndi chidwi kwambiri Nyanja ya Japan - singano yam'nyanja (S. acusimilis), kupita pakamwa pa mitsinje.

M'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Atlantic kuyambira ku Norway kupita kumpoto kwa Africa, ku Mediterranean ndi Black Seas, singano yanyoka, kapena phokoso la kunyanja, ndizofala (Nerophis ophidion). Chipinda cha ana mumtundu wamtunduwu ndizotseguka, osatetezedwa ndi zikopa za khungu, ndipo mazira amaphatikizidwa mwachindunji pamimba. Singano ya njoka imakhala ndi thupi loonda lalitali; mwa akulu, mulibe zipsepse zamatumbo, ma anal, ndi ziphuphu. Nthawi zambiri imakhala imasozika chikasu kapena chikasu chobiriwira ndi madontho a bulauni, pofika nthawi yotambalala imakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yamtambo ndi mawanga. M'dziko lathu, mtunduwu umapezeka kumtunda kwa Baltic (kuphatikizapo Gulf of Finland), Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov, ndipo nthawi zina pamabwera mitsinje.

Nsomba. - M: Astrel. E.D. Vasilieva. 1999.

Onani zomwe "nsomba yanthawi yayitali" ili m'kutanthauzira kwina:

Ma singano -? Mtundu wa singano wokhala ndiutali wautchire Gulu la asayansi Ufumu: Mtundu wa Zinyama: Makina ... Wikipedia

Nsomba zazitali -? Nsomba zokhala ndiutali wautali Gulu la asayansi Ufumu: Mtundu wa Zinyama: Makina ... Wikipedia

singano yayitali-yopindika

singano yayitali yamiyendo - paprastoji jūrų adata statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Syngnathus typhle angl. yotakata mapaipi akulu, yopyapyala, yopyapyala. singano yayitali wamtambo, singano yayitali yokhala ndi mapiko, ... ... uvų pavadinimų žodynas

singano yayitali - paprastoji jūrų adata statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Syngnathus typhle angl. yotakata mapaipi akulu, yopyapyala, yopyapyala. singano yayitali wamtambo, singano yayitali yokhala ndi mapiko, ... ... uvų pavadinimų žodynas

singano yam'madzi - paprastoji jūrų adata statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: zambiri. Syngnathus typhle angl. yotakata mapaipi akulu, yopyapyala, yopyapyala. singano yayitali wamtambo, singano yayitali yokhala ndi mapiko, ... ... uvų pavadinimų žodynas

Banja Losowa (Syngnathidae) - Banja ili limaphatikizapo nsomba yokhala ndi thupi lalitali kwambiri ngati singano yolimba (singano yam'nyanja) kapena yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ofanana ndi kavalo, wokhala ndi mutu woloza thupi ndi mchira womata ... Biological Encyclopedia

PORCELAIN - (Gastersteiformes), chimangidwe cha nsomba zam'madzi. Amadziwika kuchokera ku Eocene. Chifukwa kuyambira 3 cm mpaka 1.8 m, kulemera kuchokera zingapo. magalamu mpaka 3 kg. 3 4 cheza cha gill. Magulu Otsekedwa. Ma spine mu zipsepse amapezeka kapena kulibe. Mphesa zamkati 1 kapena 2, yoyamba mwa mawonekedwe a ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (SYNGNATHIDAE) Nsomba za singano zilibe masikelo, ndipo thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi zishango zamafupa, zolumikizana wina ndi mnzake ngati mphete. Izi nsomba zilibe zipsepse zamkati, ndipo zomangira zimangokhala amodzi ndipo zopanda spines; mwa mitundu ina sizipezeka konse. Izi ndi nsomba zazing'ono ... ... nsomba za ku Russia. Directory

Singano wamba zam'madzi -? Masingano am'nyanja wamba ... Wikipedia

Malo anu okhala ali ndi anthu ambiri okhala nawo, koma mukufuna kuwona pakati pawo nsomba singano . Zowona, mudali ndimafunso ambiri ndikukayikira: ndi mtundu wanji wa nsomba, momwe mungasamalire moyenera, ngakhale atakhala kuti akudwala komanso ngati angagwirizane ndi abale ena. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za kukonza komanso kuswana kwa singano.

Mwambiri, nsomba za singano ndizam'madzi komanso zopanda brack. Ngakhale ena mwa oimilira amakhala m'madzi abwino. Amakhala, monga lamulo, m'mbali mwa nyanja yamadzi otentha komanso otentha. Amakhala momasuka kwambiri m'mphepete mwa mchenga, m'matanthwe a algae, coral.

Mwa njira, mitundu ina nthawi zonse imakhala mu wandiweyani (mwachitsanzo, wokhala ku Black Sea - singgic nsomba-singano).

Nsomba yama singano ndiyotakata kwambiri, kumapeto kwa mutu wake ndikumeta kooneka ngati chubu. Alibe zipsepse pamimba pake, pamchira mwina ndi laling'ono kwambiri kapena kulibe. Nsombayi imakhala ndi mchira wautali, wosinthika; imadziwa "kuilunga" ndi algae. Nsomba izi sizitchedwa osambira abwino; amasambira mosasunthika komanso kuthamanga.
Mtundu wawo umasinthika kwambiri, umatha kukhala wofiira, wachikasu, wobiriwira, imvi wokhala ndi mawanga, oyera, ndi zina. Oimira ena amatha kusintha mtundu malinga ndi momwe awazungulira.

Mitundu yake imasiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu - kuchokera pa 2,5 mpaka 50 cm.

Usodzi wa singano

Nthawi yokhazikika yosodza ndi singano ndi Epulo-Okutobala - nthawi yomwe imafika kumadera oyandikira gombe. Ngakhale pali zina: mwachitsanzo, nsomba ya chubby singano pamalo a m'mphepete mwa Crimea imatha kubwera nthawi yonse yozizira.

Kuthetsa kofala kwambiri kwa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi ndikuyenda pansi. Nthawi zambiri awa amatumphukira ndodo za 2.7 ... 4.0 m kutalika, ndi mtanda wa 20-60 g, wothamanga kapena kuchitira kanthu.

Amakhala ndi ma reertialess reels, mzere woonda kwambiri wamtali pafupifupi 0.25 mm. Zotsalazo zimakhala bwino popanda mtundu komanso osawoneka m'madzi.

Kugwira singano za nsomba kumafunika ndi leash, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku monol 0.12 ... 0.20 mm ndi theka la mita kapena kupitilira apo. Bwino kuyika zowonda pang'ono, izi zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa kulumidwa ndi kugwira kwanu. Koma, anthu akuluakulu akabwera, ndiye kuti kubambaku nthawi zambiri kumang'ambika.

Yoyandama yoyenda ndi kutalika kwa 20 ... 40 cm ndi katundu wofika mpaka 15 g wayikidwa pamzere waukulu wakuwedza.Toyandama iyenera kukhala ndi antenna wowoneka bwino kuchokera kutali. Bwatoli limakonda kwambiri asodzi, nthawi zambiri samagwiritsa ntchito kuphulitsa kwa boti.

Adadzitsimikizira yekha pogwira singano za nsomba ndi kuluka ngati chingwe chachikulu pa ndodo yopota. Yoyenera 0,15 ... 0,17 mm. Tamba kapena wophulitsa bomba amafunika kusankhidwa mosamalitsa kuti ayesedwe kupukuta kwanu - izi zikuthandizira ntchito ya usodzi yokha. Ngati buluzi yayikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, imadzazidwa ndi madzi kuti ikhale ndi zero.

Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi mbewa imodzi yokha, yoyeza kutengera gulu lathu No 2,5 ... No. 5. Ndibwino ngati ili yofiyira kapena pafupi ndi mtundu wake.

Amagwira nsomba ya singano pa gerbil, nereis, nyama ya shrimp, bere la nkhuku yaiwisi, ndi filimu ya nsomba. Nthawi zambiri mphuno yosasunthika ndi zidutswa za nyama ya singano palokha. Ndiwocheperako, osapitilira theka la sentimita.

Malo omwe nsomba ya singano imatuluka, nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuya mamita 5 kapena kupitilira. M'madera ang'onoang'ono, ndizosowa kwambiri. Pakudya nsomba ya singano ndi adani ena, munthu amatha kuwona gulu lonse la nkhosa kutuluka m'madzi. Ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro choti mungapeze malo abwino.

Kuchita usodzi ndi singano ya nsomba kumafanana ndi kusodza kwa ntchentche.Kuthana ndi, mwachitsanzo, choyandama chochuluka chimatayidwa kutali ndi gombe kapena bwato kupita kumalo komwe kuli nyama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi ndodo yonyamula, imadzigwedeza yokha, ikukoka tola pamwamba, ndipo kumbuyo kwake imakhala ndi nyambo. Nsombayo imakopeka ndi phokoso ndipo imagwira nyamboyo, ndi kumeza ndi kamwa yake.

Njira yachilendo yodziwira nsomba za singano

Ku New Guinea, mwina chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zida zamakono, kapena malinga ndi chizolowezi chakale, singano za nsomba zimagwidwa pa ... tsamba.

Mwachitsanzo, asodzi a pachilumba cha Santa Catalina ochokera ku Solomon Islands asodzi asadayambe kuyang'ana ukonde. Osavuta, koma apadera, ndi mphamvu, komanso kuluka kwamphamvu kwa ulusi. Chingwe cha usodzi, ndodo, zibowo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito konse. Ukonde wopindika (wofanana ndi nyambo) umaimitsidwa ku kite yowuluka ndipo ndi.

Nyambo, yolumikizidwa kuchokera pansi pa njoka, imawuluka pamwamba pa nyanja ndikuwoneka ngati touluka pamwamba pake. Msodzi wake amatambasulira, pamwamba pa madzi'wo pomwe kubisala kumene akubisala

Nsomba yofunikayo imayankha nyambo ya Putin, kuigunda ndikukhazikika mmiyayo ndi mamba akulu ndi mano owongoka. Izi zimatsogolera kugwa kwa njokayo, imawona msodziyo ndikuyamba kukoka nyama yomwe ili nayo.

Kuphika nsomba singano

Nyama ya singano yopanda mavutidwe ndiyopanda vuto kwa anthu ndipo imakhala yokoma kwambiri. Nsombayi ili ndi mawonekedwe - ili ndi mafupa obiriwira. Msuzi wochokeramo nthawi zonse umakhala ndi pistachio hue, koma osati chifukwa cha mafupa awa, koma chifukwa cha biliverdin wapadera wa bile bile, komwe ndiye gwero lamtundu wa khungu la nsomba.

Zothandiza zogwiritsira ntchito masingano a nsomba: nyama yansomba ili ndi chitsulo, phosphorous, ayodini, mafuta acids a 3 ndi zinthu zina ndi zinthu zina. Ubwino wa nsomba ndiwofalikira komanso mtengo wocheperako, mafupa ochepa.

Nsomba yophika ndi singano

Amaphimba pepala kuphika ndi pepala kuphika, kuthira mafuta pamwamba. Nsomba yokhala ndi matumbo komanso yokhotakhota imasinthidwa kukhala mphete, ndikuyika mchira wake wautali m'nsagwada, ndikuyiyika kuphika. Kuwaza pamwamba ndi zonunkhira, mchere, kuwaza ndi mafuta a masamba.

Pepala lokhika ndi nsomba limayikidwa mu uvuni womwe unayamba kale kutentha mpaka 180 ° C. Mphindi 20. kuphika.

Mlingo wa singano

Nsombazo zimatsukidwa, kumatidwa, ndikuyichotsera. Nyama zotsalazo zimapindidwa ngati mpukutu, zibowoleredwa ndi dzino ndikutchinga. 20 sec yokazinga pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta a azitona. Zala zam'mano zimatulutsidwa, mkati mwa zolemba zanu muziyika maolivi, omwe amadzazidwa ndi mandimu.

Dulani mphete za anyezi ndi zambiri. Amatsogolera pansi pa poto wothira mafuta a masamba. Zozungulira zapamwamba zoyambira kale ndi maolivi pamwamba zimayikidwa pamwamba. Mchere, tsabola, kuwaza ndi zitsamba (rosemary, marjoram). Pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza wa batala wozizira kwambiri.

Stew chifukwa cha mphindi 20., Kukutira poto ndi chivindikiro.

Nsomba zam'madzi

Mitembo ya nsomba (yopanda peeled) imakulungidwa mumchere kwa mphindi 20. chokani. Zina zomwe mungachite ndi izi:

• kupachika nsomba kwa theka la tsiku ndikutsitsa mitu, kenako yesani kukonzekera,
• Amayika nsomba pamanyuzipepala ndikuziwumitsa kwa theka la ora mbali zonse, ndikuyika mufiriji kwa masiku awiri, nsomba zizikhala zokonzeka pofika pamenepo,
• Amakulunga ndi chinsalu ndikuchiyika mufiriji kwa tsiku limodzi, kuchichotsa, kuwulula, ndikuchiyika pamwamba pa nyuzipepala, pambuyo pa 0,5 ... 1 ora lomwe nsomba ili wokonzekera mowa.

Nsomba zofunikira

Zingwe za nsomba zokulirapo zimachotsedwa, ndipo mchira ndi mutu zimachotsedwa. Mitembo imadulidwa mzidutswa 5 ... 6 cm. Thirani zolimba mu chiwaya chopapatiza ndi mizati ndi kutsanulira mafuta masamba 1cm pamwamba pa zidutswa zochokera pamwamba.

Ikani poto pamoto wawung'ono, kutseka chivundikiracho ndi maola atatu. mphodza.

Usodzi wa singano

Thirani anyezi mankhusu ndi madzi ndi mphindi 20. yophika. Madzi amdima wakuda amapezeka. Pambuyo pozizira, amasefa.

Dulani singano za nsomba, kutaya matumbo, kudula mitu yawo, kuchapa. Thirani mumtsuko ndikuthira madzi omwe mchere (supuni ziwiri zokhala ndi slide) ndi utsi wamadzimadzi (supuni 5) zimawonjezeredwa.

Nsomba zimasiyidwa mlengalenga pamalo abwino kwa masiku atatu, ndiye nthawi yofananira imasungidwa mufiriji. Pambuyo pochotsedwa, kutsukidwa, kwa 2 ... 3 maola. Dulani. Amakhala bwino kuposa singano yofuka-fungo. Sungani sitolo mufiriji.

Ubale woterewu unadzetsa vuto limodzi pakupanga nsomba izi - wamwamuna amayenda “ndi pakati” nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kusankha mazira omwe adzabereka, ndi omwe iye sangakonde.

Singano amakhala m'madzi otentha komanso otentha, kuphatikizapo Nyanja Yakuda.

Kankhani kakang'ono kameneka kamatikumbutsa za njoka kapena wand. Ali ndi thupi lalitali komanso lopyapyala, lomwe limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimakhala ndi mphete zazikulu.

Thupi lalitali komanso loonda la singano ya m'madzi

Kutalika kwa matupi awo kukhoza kukhala kosiyana - kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 30 cm. Zonse zimatengera mtundu wa nsomba.

Samasambira bwino kwambiri. Monga nsomba zam'nyanja, mitundu ina imakhala ndi mchira wokhazikika, mothandizidwa ndi yomwe imakhomera pazomera kuti zisatengeke ndi zomwe zili pano.

Kuphatikizira kwa singano yam'nyanja ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imakhala yoposa theka kutalika kwa mutu. Kumapeto kwake kuli kamwa yaying'ono yopanda kanthu. Chifukwa chake, amayamwa chakudya chawo pamodzi ndi madzi.

Ma singano amadya nsomba zochepa ndi plankton, pambuyo pake nthawi zina amayenera kutsika mpaka 90 mita. Koma nsomba zambiri nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa pamalo osapitilira mita 10, pakati pa zomera zamiyala ndi miyala.

Mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira umathandiza kuti nsombazo zizisintha mwanzeru.

Kusambira kwawo komwe kumakhotakhota kumakhala kovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, utoto umasintha mosavuta kutengera chilengedwe: bulawuni, zobiriwira zowala, zofiira, zofiirira, zotuwa kumaso, ndi zina. Izi zimalola kuti nsombazo zizikumana ndi adani.

Chachilendo kwambiri mwa iwo ndi njira yobereka. Monga ndi abale apafupi kwambiri - seahorses - ana obadwa ndi singano kunyanja amanyamula amuna amphongo. Ali ndi thumba lapadera la ana, lomwe ndi thumba pakati pamakolo awiri pamimba.

Kuluka ndi singano yam'nyanja kumayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndikumatha chilimwe chonse. Wamphongo nthawi yonseyi amatenga mazira kuchokera kwa akazi angapo. Ngakhale mitundu ina ya singano zam'madzi ndizowonongekera ndipo "imakhalabe yokhulupirika" kwa mkazi m'modzi yekha. Ngakhale zimakondweretsa. Koma nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimayikira mazira mu zibwenzi zingapo, chifukwa izi zimawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka ana.

Kufikira mazira 1,500 amathira mu thumba la wamwamuna. Nthawi ya bere imatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Zitatha izi, makope ang'onoang'ono a makolo amatuluka m'thumba kulowa kuwala, ndipo moyo wodziimira pawokha umayamba. Koma chisamaliro cha abambo chimawonetsedwanso pambuyo pogwira mwachangu. Kwakanthawi, mwamunayo akupitilabe kuwanyamula m'chikwama chake. Akawerama m'mimba mwake, chikwama chimatseguka ndipo ana amapita kokayenda. Pakakhala ngozi, mwachangu nthawi yomweyo amabwerera mmbuyo.

Koma si zonse. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, akatswiri a sayansi ya ukadaulo ku University of Texas adatsimikiza kuti mwamunayo atha kuchotsa "pakati" kosafunikira. Amatha kuyang'anira kupulumuka kwa mazira posankha mazira a akazi olonjezedwa komanso okongola kwambiri. Ndiye kuthekera kwa kuwaswa kumawonekera mwachangu kuchokera kwa wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wathanzi wamkazi kumachuluka. Njira yopulumukira, palibe zinanso.

Khalidwe ndi Kugwirizana

Zonamizira, koma osati zankhanza. Mbalameyi imatha kuyanjana ndi nsomba zina zodekha zomwe ndi zokulirapo pakamwa pake. Pewani kukhala ndi nyama zambiri komanso zosapumira monga Barbus. Palibe mikangano yapadera. Amakonda kukhala m'gulu laling'ono la anthu atatu kapena anayi.

Kuswana / kuswana

Kuberekera singano za nsomba munyumba yam'madzi ndizovuta chifukwa chofunikira kubwezeretsanso kusintha kwachilengedwe komwe kumachitika mwachilengedwe. Nyengo yakukhwima imachitika kuyambira mu Meyi mpaka Seputembala, pomwe kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mvula kumagwera ku Southeast Asia, kusintha kapangidwe ka madzi ndikuchepetsa kutentha. Yaikazi imaziikira mazira angapo tsiku ndi tsiku, kuzikonzera ku madzi osefukira ndi ulusi woonda. Nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatenga masiku 7 mpaka 10. Chakudya chowuma mwachangu pa zooplankton. Akamakula, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zimatha kudya zazing'ono zawo.

Nyanja Yakuda ndi malo omwe mumapezeka zamoyo zomwe zimakhala zankhanza. Zidani zazikuluzikulu zimadya nyama zing'onozing'ono. Kodi mungapulumuke bwanji mdziko lino lapansi ngati chilengedwe chingakuchotseni mano owongoka, ma spikes atali, mapangidwe oopsa? Sanatuluke ndi kukula komanso mphamvu; munthu amayenera kudalira luso lakuwonekera pakati pa zozungulira. Lero tikambirana za munthu wokhala m'madzi yemwe amakhala ngati mchenga wautali wamchenga. Singano yam'nyanja ndiye ngwazi ya nkhani yathu. Popita nthawi, chisinthiko chinasintha kwambiri ndi nsomba zomwe zimaloleza kuti zizikhala mdziko lazolusa lamadzi.

Mawonekedwe

Nsomba ya singano idatchedwa dzina chifukwa cha thupi lakale kwambiri lofanana ndi singano kapena kangaude. Thupi silikakamizidwa pambuyo pake, ndikununkhidwa mwatsatanetsatane, m'mbali mwake ndiwowonekera. Singano ya nsomba imatha kutchedwa cholembera choyandama. Pathupi pali ziphuphu za dorsal and pectoral zazing'onozing'ono, kumtunda kwa mutu kumakhala kachigawo kakang'ono. Kapangidwe ka zipsepako sikuloleza singano kuyenda mtunda wautali.

Phulikirani ndi mphuno yayitali ndi kamwa yaying'ono. Mtundu wa nsombazo umasintha malinga ndi mtundu wa chilengedwe chakunja. Ku Anapa, pamchenga wamchenga, singano imakhala yobiriwira yowoneka bwino, ngati zovala, ngati yamkuntho kapena yamkunthoyo itanyamula nsomba kuti izitengera miyala, ndiye kuti mtundu wake umakhala wakuda. Kukula mwachizolowezi kwa pensulo yoyandama ndi masentimita 15 kapena 25, nthawi ya zaka pafupifupi 8 mpaka 10.

Zizolowezi

Monga momwe zidawonekera, singano ya nsomba siisambira yothamanga, kuyenda mnyanja kwa nsomba kumadalira mafunde amadzi pansi pamadzi ndi mafunde. Chifukwa chake, cholinga chachikulu poyendetsa galimoto ndikuyimilira pamalo oyenera panthawi. Kuti muchite izi, mchira uyenera kugwira nsomba zam'madzi. M'matumba a udzu wanyanja, singano imakhala yotetezeka, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndichakuti mumakonda zomwe mumakonda - mphutsi zazing'ono zazing'ono kapena crustacean. Singano imakoka mitundu yonseyo, ku maso a anthu osawoneka, kudzera pakamwa pake yaying'ono mpaka kumapeto kwa phokoso lake. Mwambo wachakudya ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi singano yam'madzi; anthu akuluakulu amatha kusamalira mphutsi mpaka maola 10.

Ntchito yachiwiri yofunika kwambiri ndi kubereka. Ndi kuyamba kwa chilimwe, pamene nyanja pagombe la Anapa ikuyamba kutentha, singano zikukonzekera kubereka. Pofuna kukopa chachikazi, yamphongo imachita zinthu zina zomwe mkwatibwi ayenera kukonda. Pambuyo pake, awiriwo amalumikizana ndi matupi atali. Pakukondana kwambiri, singano yachikazi imayika mazira muchikwama chapadera cha khungu chomwe abambo amtsogolo a mwana ali nacho. Mu chipinda cha thupi, ubwamuna ndi kupweteka kwamkamwa kumachitika. Pambuyo pakucha mazira, singano zazing'ono zimatha kubisala kwakanthawi kuti zisavute mchikwama cha abambo awo. Popeza kuti kusamalira ana kuyenda modabwitsa, kumapangitsa kuti nyanjayi ikhale mozama momwemo.

Ofufuza pa moyo wam'madzi wa Anapa awona kuti singano imatha kupanga mawu. Ngati muli ndi singano ya nsomba m nkhonya, mutha kumva kugwedezeka kwamphamvu ndi mafunde amtopola omwe nsombayo imatuluka. Mpaka pano, asayansi sangadziwe chifukwa chake munthu wokhala m'madzi amafunika maluso otere.

Kawonani ku Anapa

Osati kale kwambiri, madzi osaya onse anali malo omwe nsomba zimakonda kupezeka. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kutukuka kwachangu kwa mapangidwe a resort, momwe chilengedwe cham'madzi chasinthira. Zotsatira za zochita za anthu, sizikulolani kuti muzikhala mopanda singano mumzinda. Igloo ku Anapa imatha kupezeka kokha m'mphepete mwa Vityazevo kapena malovu a Bugaz.

Nsomba za singano, nsomba za muvi, zopondera, singano yasiliva, pike - mayina onse ang'onoang'onowa ndi amodzi mwa oimirira kwambiri m'gulu la nsomba zowala. Mu sayansi yasayansi, imadziwika kuti garfish.

Maonekedwe osazolowereka komanso kuchuluka kwa thanzi la nyama zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nsomba zam'nyanja zizisodza. Zakudya zochokera ku garfish zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake achilendo ndi kukoma kwake kwabwino.

Garfish ndi singano ya nsomba - kalasi yoyamba, mabanja osiyanasiyana

Pali lingaliro lolakwika lodziwika kuti nsomba za garfish ndi singano ndi mayina ofananizana ndi nsomba imodzi. Izi sizili choncho. Singano ya nsomba - woimira nsomba zam'madzi za banja la singano (gulu longa gulu). Wachibale wake wapafupi ndi seahorse.

Mitundu ikuphatikiza mitundu yoposa 50:

• singano wamba yamnyanja
• Nsomba zaku singano za ku Italy (mayina ena: singano ya Nyanja Yakuda, singano yaying'ono),
• nsomba zamano,
• singano yakumpoto
• nsomba zonona
• nsomba yaingano yayitali,
• Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mapiko ndi ena.

Msodzi wamanyazi (kutalika kwambiri 30 cm), mosiyana ndi nsomba yam'madzi, ndi yamtendere. Alibe ngakhale mano: maziko azakudya za singano ndi plankton, crustaceans yaying'ono, ndi mphutsi zazomera. Kwa nthawi yambiri masana, nsomba zimayenda pang'onopang'ono pansi, kapena zimayima mokhazikika m'mitengo ya zomera zam'madzi, zotsamira mchira wake.

Mtundu wa singano umatengera madzi osungidwa: nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachikasu, zobiriwira, zofiira

Nsomba ya singano imakhala ndi kamwa yokhala ngati chubu (yopumira) yokhala ndi mawonekedwe kumapeto.

Chochititsa chidwi! Nsomba, monga chameleon, imatha kusintha mtundu malinga ndi malo omwe akukhala.

Singano amakhala ku Nyanja Yakuda, Azov, Caspian, Baltic, amapita mumitsinje ndi nyanja zomwe zimalumikizana nawo. Nyambo yokhala ndi singano yayitali ndi chinthu chosakira alendo. Amugwidwa ndi manja akumalo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, wouma ndikuchotsedwa ngati chikumbutso.

Mitundu ina ndi madzi abwino. Nsomba zofunikira kumtsinje zimapezeka ku Volga, madera otsika a Don, ndi malo ena osungirako (Kuibyshevsky, Volgograd, Rybinsk, Tsimlyansk).

Mosiyana ndi nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba singano ilibe phindu lililonse pamalonda. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ochezeka, mawonekedwe okongola komanso osadzikuza, amakonda kumusunga m'chipinda cham'madzi. Nthawi zambiri, monga chiweto, nsomba yooneka ngati mikhoza imatulutsidwa.

Dzina la nsombayi inali chifukwa cha zophimba zowonekera kwambiri

Nsomba zam'madzi oyera zimawoneka zokongola: thupi ndi lobiriwira kapena lofiirira lomwe limasiyana ndi mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana, pamimba pamakhala kuwala ndi keel wakuda. Kukula sikupitirira 20 cm, kulemera 5 g.

Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chokhudzana ndi nsomba ya garfish ndi igloo: onsewa ali m'gulu la nsomba zokhala ndi ray.

Mitundu ndi malo a nsomba

Banja la sarganov limagwirizanitsa mitundu 25. Gawani nsomba makamaka mdera lomwe zimapezeka.

Pankhani ya usodzi, zosangalatsa kwambiri ndi:

• Nsomba za ku Europe (mayina ena: Atlantic, wamba). Mitundu yodziwika bwino idasankhidwa ndi madzi ofunda a Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean, Marmara, Black, ndi Nyanja ya Azov (dera lakumadzulo, lamadzi ambiri amchere). Nthawi zina nsomba wamba zimagwidwa mu Nyanja za White ndi Barents. Kukula kwa achikulire nthawi zambiri kumaposa masentimita 90. Msodzi wa Black Sea umagawidwa m'magulu osiyana. Amasiyana ndi ku Europe mu kukula kocheperako (mpaka 60 cm),
• mbawala garfish (mayina ena - mamba tylosur, chimphona chachikulu), woimira wamkulu pa banja, akukula mpaka mita 1.5. Kulemera kwa zinthu zomwe zagwidwa ndi 6.5-7,5 kg. Amakhala m'madzi otentha a Pacific ndi Atlantic Ocean. Dzinali linapatsidwa masikelo olimba ndi maonekedwe ake achilendo, amakumbukira khungu la mamba,
• Mbali yakum'mawa kapena Pacific lagoon: ili ndi buluzi yopyapyala yokhala ndi chingwe chasiliva kutalika kwake komanso kusapezeka kwa ma gill, mtundu wa thermophilic umapezeka kwambiri kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Japan, mphepete mwa Korea ndi China (mpaka Nyanja ya South China), ku Pacific Ocean kumwera kwa Hokkaido. Ku Russia, nsomba zimagwidwa ku Primorye. M'nyengo yotentha, nsomba zam'madzi ngati nthawi yosamukira kumayiko ena zimalowa ku Gulf of Peter the Great ndikupita mumayendedwe amadziwe amchere kumwera kwa chigawo. Pakugwidwa, anthu nthawi zambiri amalemera mpaka 1 kg ndi kutalika kwa 1 m.Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa madzi mpaka 15 ° C, kumapita kumwera,
• lagoon wakuda-wokhala: wokhala m'madzi am'mphepete mwa South Asia adatchulidwa chifukwa cha malo akulu akuda pamapeto a mapiri. Pakadutsa mafunde ochepa, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'malo osiyidwa, ndikudziphimba ndi silika kapena mchenga mpaka 50 cm.

Mitundu yambiri imakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gombe, zina (mwachitsanzo, nsomba zam'madzi zotentha ngati garfish) zimapita kunyanja.

Pali mitundu 5 yodziwika ya banja la sargan lomwe limakhala m'madzi abwino. Amapezeka m'mitsinje ya South America, Southeast Asia, ndi North Australia.

Mtengo wazakudya, maphikidwe

Nsomba zofunikira, makamaka zogwidwa ndi kugwa, ndizokoma komanso zamafuta ambiri. Kuperewera kwa mafupa ang'onoang'ono kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu cholandirika kukhitchini. Nyama ili ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira. Muli kuchuluka kwama polyunsaturated aliphatic acid a gulu la Omega. Ndiwofunika kuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira, kusintha ntchito yonse yofunika machitidwe, kusanja mphamvu ya mahomoni. Chifukwa cha mafuta acids, kukonzanso thupi konse kumachitika.

Zakudya za Sargan ndizabwino pa thanzi la chithokomiro: pali ayodini wambiri mu nsomba.
Nyama ya nsomba ili ndi phosphorous yambiri. Macronutrient imafunika kuti minyewa izigwira ntchito, ntchito zaubongo, kukula kwa mafupa.

Pali maphikidwe ambiri pokonzekera nyama yomwe ingadye. Zakudya za nsomba zimaphatikizapo adyo, ophika, wokazinga, adyo wowotcha. Nsomba zoveka fodya zimakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri.

Wosuta Garfish

Konzani nsomba mumsuzi wapadera wothira (ingasinthidwe ndi poto yayikulu kapena chidebe ndi chivindikiro cholimba).

• onjezani tchipisi pansi pa malo osungira utsi (mwabwino kapena ozungulira), kuyatsidwa moto,
• konzani nsombazo: simungathe kumata m'maso tinsomba, kuyeretsa lalikulu m'matumba, kuyika amadyera (katsabola, parsley) pamimba,
• tsitsani nsomba ndi mchere, valani kabati ya utsi.

Sargan muhousehouse amasungidwa mpaka okonzeka, nthawi zambiri njirayi imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 40

Sargan amasungidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo utsi mpaka atakonzeka, nthawi zambiri zimatenga mphindi 40. Zina za nsomba zosuta zitha kuzikidwa mu uvuni. Kuti muchite izi, chovalacho chotsukidwa chimayamba kupaka mchere, kenako nkuchiwirira ndi "utsi wamadzimadzi", ndikuyikidwa m'thumba ophika ndikutumizidwa ku uvuni kwa mphindi 50.

Cold anasuta fodya

Njira yosuta fodya ndi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali, koma nsomba zam'madzi zopangidwa mwanjira imeneyi zimatha kusungidwa mpaka chaka chimodzi osataya kukoma kwawo.

• yeretsani nsomba, ikani ma twine (izi ndizotheka kuchita kudzera m'maso), mchere, kusiya kuti muime masiku atatu,
• chotsani mchere wambiri: kuti muchite izi, ikani nsomba kwa maola 1-2 m'madzi ozizira, kenako muzitsuka,
• pukuleni chovalacho panja kwa masiku awiri. Zotsatira zabwino, ikani ndodo zam'mimba m'mimba,
• ikani nsomba m'malo osiyika (mwachitsanzo, m'miphika) ndi utuchi wa alder kapena wa juniper: amapatsa utsi wonunkhira bwino. Kutentha kwa utsi sikuyenera kupitirira 25º C.

Kusuta komweku kumatenga masiku 1 mpaka 6, kutengera ndi kukula kwa nsomba. Kukonzeka kumatsimikizika ndi mawonekedwe a chovalacho: chimakhala chowuma, pansi limapeza hue yagolide.

Maphikidwe ophika mkate wakale ndi osiyanasiyana. Mwambiri, shkara ndi nsomba yomwe ili ndi madzi ake.

Kwa magawo 5-7 a mafuta anyama omwe timafuna:

• Anyezi 3-4 (kwambiri, osakanikirana),
• Zotengera za maolivi (zopindika komanso zopanda mafoni),
• 2 mandimu
• batala,
• mafuta masamba (makamaka azitona),
• mchere, tsabola, tsamba la Bay (kulawa).

Kuphatikiza pazogulitsazo, ndikofunikira kukonzekera pasadakhale: mapani awiri (othandizira komanso othandizira), nsonga zam'manja molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba.

Payenera kukhala ndi nsomba zokwanira kuti zitha kudzazidwa bwino ndi mphete mu poto.

1. Dulani chidutswa cha ndimu ndi zest mutizidutswa tating'onoting'ono, mudzaze ndi azitona.
2. Mu skillet yayikulu, sungunulani chidutswa cha batala pamoto wochepa, kenako ikani zidutswa zingapo za tsamba.
3. Pindani nsombazo, ndikutchingira pamimba ndi mano, mwachangu mu poto wothandizira kwa masekondi 10 mbali iliyonse mumafuta a masamba ophweka, ndikuchotsa zoponya mano.
4. Dulani anyezi m'mphete, ndikuyika chosanjikiza pansi pa poto, mutachotsa tsamba la bay kuchokera pamenepo.
5. Pa pilo ya anyezi, ikani mwamphamvu mphete za nsomba ndi m'mimba pansi, mchere, tsabola.
6. Ikani azitona odzazidwa ndi mandimu ndi chidutswa chaching'ono cha batala mu mphete iliyonse.
7. Pamwamba pa nsomba ndi wosanjikiza mphete za anyezi ndi kutsanulira mowolowa madzi a mandimu.
8. Onjezani madzi kuti aphimbe nsomba.
9. Phimbani, simmer kwa mphindi 20.

Uphungu! Palibe chifukwa chochotsera chivundikirocho mpaka kumaliza ntchito: motere mbale imatha kusungabe fungo lake.