Royal nsomba sturgeon banja - sterlet * Nsomba

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European, kapena sterlet wamba (Acipenser ruthenus), ndi mtundu wamalonda wamtengo wapatali wa banja la sturgeon wokhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zakumaso komwe kumapangitsa kuti dzina la "nsomba zachifumu" liziwayika. Izi zidathandizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya chosawoneka bwino pakudya kwa olemekezeka Ivan Wowopsa ndi Peter I. Kwa nthawi yayitali, sterletyo idaletsedwa patebulo lamasewera ndi anthu wamba osakhala nawo mwayi ku Russia, zomwe zidakhudza bwino kukula kwa ma taxon komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu osakhalitsa. M'zaka za XXI, mitunduyi ikuwopsezedwa ndikutha ndipo yalembedwa mu Red Book la Russia ndi mayiko ena.

Kufotokozera Kwa Sterlet

Kunja kwa nsombazo kumasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lopanga patali ndi phesi loonda komanso ulusi wowoneka ngati mkombero wokhala ndi mtengo wokulirapo. Zina mwa mawonekedwe a sterlet ndi:

wam'ng'ono mutu wama conical
mphuno yopyapyala
kamwa yaying'ono yam'munsi yokhala ndi milomo yoluma,
maso ocheperako
ngalande,
kusowa mamba
Mizere 5 yautali yazotupa (nsikidzi),
far dorsal imvi dorsal fin
m'mimba oyera oyera achikasu,
phulusa la bulauni kapena la bulauni lakuda.

Kusiyanitsa sterlet kuchokera ku sturgeon kapena mamembala ena am'banja, ndikokwanira kulabadira kuchuluka ndi masanjidwe amtundu wa fupa. Acipenser ruthenus amadziwika ndi kutseka kwawo mwamphamvu kumbuyo (zidutswa 13 mpaka 17). Mbale 13-15 pambale, m'malo mwake, imasiya mipata yooneka bwino pakati pawo. Mu mzere wapainiyo muli nsikidzi zazing'ono zophatikizana ndi maombo anthawi yolumikizana (zidutswa 60-70), zomwe zimathandizanso kudziwa mtundu pakati pa abale.

Pali malingaliro olakwika akuti sterlet ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi mphuno yakutali. Izi zimangogwira ntchito pa nsomba zakutchire komanso zowaza. Mitundu yokhotakhota komanso yokazinga (yosatheka kubereka) imakhalanso ndi kansalu kofupikitsika, ngati sturgeon.

Zing'ono ndi kutha msinkhu

Ngakhale nsomba yayikulu, chikwatu ndiye membala wocheperako wa banja. Kuchuluka kwa anthu akuluakulu kumasiyana pakati pa makilogalamu 1-2 ndi kuchulukitsa kwa masentimita 50-60. Zotsatira za Trophy zolemera makilogalamu 4-8 ndizochepa kwambiri. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa sterlet ndi 15-16 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 120-125. Koma pali zidziwitso za anthu akuluakulu ndi theka lalikulu omwe akulemera kilogalamu 20 kapena kuposerapo, agwidwa m'chipululu cha Siberi m'mphepete mwa Irtysh wokhala ndi taiga.

Kukula kwamtundu wocheperako ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizikhala lopendekera (mpaka zaka 30), lomwe limayamba kukula mchaka chachitatu kapena chachisanu ndi chitatu cha moyo. Nthawi yomweyo, sturgeon wokulirapo, yemwe amakhala ndi zaka 60-70, amatha kubereka atakwanitsa zaka 8-20 zokha.

Moyo

Sterlet ndi anthu okhala mumtsinje wotchuka, womwe umakoka madzi oyera, ozama, ozizira komanso othamanga okhala ndi mpweya wambiri. Ngakhale kuwononga chilengedwe pang'ono ndi mankhwala, zinyalala za m'nyumba ndi zina za feteleza waulimi zitha kuvulaza ziweto. Chikhazikitso cha sukuluchi chimapangidwa bwino mu nsomba, kotero samapangika amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu amsinkhu umodzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amasamukira kwakanthawi mtunda wa makilomita angapo kukafunafuna chakudya. Koma kwakukulu, sterlet imakhala moyo wongokhala ndipo mwachilengedwe sichimachoka pamalo ake obadwira. Kupatula mitundu yocheperako chabe yomwe imapezeka m'chigwa cha Caspian ndi Mtsinje wa Kamchatka. Izi nsomba zimatha nthawi yayitali pamafuta ochulukirapo, zoperewera zanyanja, ndikupitilizabe mtunduwo zimasintha.

Masana nthawi zonse chovalacho chimasungidwa pansi mozama pansi ndipo pokhapokha dzuwa litasunthira pomwepo. Ntchito yathanzi imapitilira nyengo yonse yachisanu mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. M'mwezi wa Okutobala, sturgeons amayamba kusonkhana pagulu lalikulu ndikutsikira pansi pakumtsinje, momwe mumapezeka nyengo yachisanu. Chifukwa chamtundu wa makanema oimitsidwa, omwe amachepetsa mayendedwe ofunikira m'thupi, nsomba imatha kudikirira kuyambika kwa kasupe popanda chakudya ndikuchepetsa kwakukulu.

Kodi sterlet amadya chiyani

Ma sturgeon apakatikati ndi ma benthophages omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chamoyo chokhala pansi. Zakudya za Sterlet zimatengera:

crustaceans yaying'ono - daphnia, brimp shrimp, amphipods, cyclops, zishango,
mphutsi - udzudzu (mafunde amwazi), chinjoka (mapira), kafadala, akavalo, mikango, mwanawankhosa, ntchentche zamakhadi,
tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono, timipira -
nyongolotsi, mphira, nsikidzi, nsabwe, zinkhanira zamadzi, nsikidzi, kupalasa, ma smoothies, ndi zina zambiri.

M'nyengo yazilombo zambiri zophulika, nsomba zimasintha machitidwe, zimadzuka pamwamba, zimatembenuka kumbuyo kwake ndikusonkhana mwachidwi mathithi, midges ndi agulugufe omwe agwera m'madzi.

Kodi sterlet imapezeka kuti ku Russia?

Mitundu yoyambirira ya mitunduyi ndi madera a Russian Federation okhudzana ndi Eastern Europe ndi Western Siberia, kuphatikiza ndi Yenisei. Koma chifukwa chakuchulukitsidwa kwa anthu, nsomba zamasamba tsopano zimakhala m'mitsinje yambiri ya mabeseni a Azov, Caspian, Black, Kara, Baltic, Barents ndi White Seas. Uko kuli ku Urals, Ob, Irtysh, Volga, Don, Klyazma, Kama, Vyatka, Dnieper, Dniester, Northern Dvina, Kamchatka, Angara.

Kuyesera kumapangidwa kawirikawiri kuti adziwitse taxon mu nyanja za Ladoga ndi Onega, Amur, Pechora, Neman ndi "mitsinje ina" yaulere "ya mtsinje. Koma chifukwa cha nyengo komanso chakudya, samatulutsa muzu pomwepo ndipo nthawi zambiri sizitha kubereka pakokha.

Mitundu yofananira

Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri ya mabanja (mitundu yambiri ya ma sturgeon, sturgeon, spike, kaluga), mitundu yonse ndiyotengera kwambiri ndipo imalola kupangidwa kwa ma hybrids apadera.

Mu 1952, wogulitsa anagulitsidwa ku USSR, dzina lomwe limakhala ndi zilembo zoyambirira za dzina loti "makolo" - taxon wamkulu kwambiri BELuga (Huso huso) komanso yaying'ono kwambiri - Sterlet.

Nsomba iyi imadziwika ndi kulolera kumadzi amchere (mpaka 18%) ndi kusiyana kowonekera pakati pamimba la bulauni kapena bulauni ndi m'mimba wopepuka. Wosakanizidwa woyambirira adaphatikiza kukula kwa beluga komanso kusasitsa msanga kwa sterlet. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa womenyedwayo kumafika 8-10 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 170-180. Koma ziwerengerozi zitha kuchulukitsidwa ngati zikuwoloka ndi mawonekedwe oyera a Huso huso - beluga bester. M'mphepete mwa Irtysh, Ob, Yenisei, Angara, Sayano-Shushensky ndi malo osungirako a Krasnoyarsk, malo apadera a sturgeon amakhala - sterlet Siberian (Acipenser ruthenus marsiglii). Tekisi imeneyi imasiyana ndi mawonekedwe oyambira mwa kucha mochedwa, mtundu wopepuka komanso kuthekera kolemera kuposa 20 kg.

Kuswana

Malingaliro a kufalikira kwa sterlet kumadalira madera komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi akuwotha kutentha kwa + 10-15 ° С. M'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia, iyi ndi nthawi yosangalatsa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni kuphatikizira. Monga malo otambalala, nsombayo imasankha madera akuya kwamadzi akuya (7-20 mita) yokhala ndi gawo lolimba pansi (mwala, miyala, snag), pomwe imayikira mazira akuda okwanira 25-150,000 ndi mainchesi a 2-3 mm. Chifukwa cha zokutira zomatira zapadera, zomangirazo zimamangiririka kumtunda uliwonse ndipo siziyendetsedwa ndi zomwe zilipo.

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe a mphutsi ndi masiku 6 mpaka 10. Atasiya mazira, amadyera m'malo osungirako yolk a masabata ena a 1-2. Frying yomwe imametsa pakati pa magulu amphaka ndi zosinthika kuti zizidyetsedwa bwino ndi zooplankton ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono totsikira. Kukula kwacinyamata kumakula msanga, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, achinyamata azaka kufika 1820 cm, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri cha moyo - 25-30 masentimita.) Achinyamata okalamba ogonana azaka zapakati pa 7 mpaka 10 amatuluka chaka chilichonse. Mukamakula, dongosolo la kuponya mazira limasintha kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri limafanana ndiulendo umodzi wokha patatha zaka 2-4. Zachilengedwe zotere zimapweteketsa nsomba, zazimayi zambiri zimakhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo kunenepa kwambiri ndipo zimalephera kubereka.

Kupanga mozungulira ndi kulima

Chomera cha Sterlet chimapangidwa ponseponse m'mafamu apadera a khola, omwe ali ndi maiwe angapo kapena okhala ndi malo osungirako komanso otseka. Chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga bwino kwa ma sturgeon ndichabwino kugawana, chomwe chimaloleza kuti madzi azikwanira ndi mpweya mpaka mulingo wa 5 mg / l kapena kuposa. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kutentha kwakukulu + kwachilengedwe + 18-24 ° C, chifukwa m'malo ozizira kwambiri (pansi + 1-2 ° C) nsomba imayamba kufa kwambiri.

M'mafamu apamwamba otukuka, zida zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe sizimalola kokha, kupatsa mphamvu ndi mpweya, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, madzi otentha, komanso kulinganiza chithandizo chake chamakina ndi chachilengedwe kuti mugwiritse ntchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama. Zovuta zazikulu pakupanga kwa sterlet zimayenderana ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwa nsomba kudyetsa ma feed apakati. Ndi bungwe loyenera la ndondomekoyi, m'miyezi 9-10 yokha, mutha kukwanitsa "kusinthanitsa" kwazitali kakang'ono kolemera 5-7 g kukhala gulu lodziwika bwino lazopezeka ndi ukonde wolemera 400-500 g

Usodzi wa nsomba

Kusachita mwanzeru kumapangitsa nyamazo kuti zizikhalamo mosakhazikika m'mitsinje yokha, komanso m'madziwe oyera komanso oyenda kwambiri, malo osungirako komanso ma dziwe akuluakulu okhala ndi pansi lolimba, lamchenga kapena silely. Njira yayikulu yogwira sterlet ndi donka (0,3-0.35 mm), yokhala ndi zochotseka zotsogola 20-30 masentimita, zibowo zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi mkono wautali komanso chotsekera chopingasa cholemera 30-80 g. , dothi, dambo, ore wachitsulo), nsomba kapena nkhanu, chidutswa cha nsomba, chinjoka kapena gulugufe, wamphongo.

Musanapite kumtsinje kuti mukagwire sterlet, muyenera kugula chiphatso cha nthawi imodzi, chovomerezeka kwa masiku awiri ndikulola kuwedza kuyambira 6 am mpaka 11 pm, kupatula nthawi yausiku. Chikalatacho chikuti chiwonetsero chazambiri chovomerezeka ndicho 10 toyesa ndi kutalika kwa 30 cm ndi kulemera kwa 250 g kapena kuposapo: Magiya osodza amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zophera nsomba (mpaka zidutswa 5) kapena maukonde okhazikika (mpaka zidutswa ziwiri). Palinso mwayi wogula chiphaso cha pamwezi, kupereka ufulu wogwira 100 sturgeon.

Ubwino wazakudya

Nsomba za Sterlet zimakhala ndi kakomedwe kabwino kotsekemera, kusowa kwathunthu komanso kuchita zinthu zambiri, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zophikira. Nsomba imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga msuzi wa nsomba, balyk, aspic, kebab, grill, kudzaza pie, ndi hodgepodge. Nyama ya Sterlet imabwereka bwino ku salting, kusuta, kuwira, kuphika, kuphika, kusenda. Caviar ndi wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake yabwino kwambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi imvi yakuda, komanso imakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda.

Zambiri zopatsa mphamvu za kalori zomwe zimakhala ndi sterlet ndi 88-90 kcal pa 100 g, zomwe zimaloleza kuti zizitchulidwa ngati zakudya. Kumwa nsomba pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuti kagayidwe kazikhala, kuteteza matenda amitsempha, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha atherosermosis komanso kusintha machitidwe chifukwa cha kuphatikizidwa kwa serotonin.
Sterletyi ilinso ndi zinthu zina zingapo zothandiza thupi:

Mavitamini B, PP, D, E, A,
fluorine, chromium, nthaka,
sulfure, molybdenum, faifi,
calcium, ayodini, selenium,
mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated acid (Omega-3 ndi Omega-6),
mapuloteni oyesa kudya.

Zakudya za Sterlet zimawononga cholesterol yoyipa, kulimbitsa mafupa ndi mafupa, kuletsa kukula kwa khansa, kukonza mkhalidwe wa misomali, khungu ndi tsitsi.

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