Tikukulandirani, akatswiri azachilengedwe, ang'ono koma sichoncho! Lero, nyenyezi yeniyeni ya gulu la anyani zathamangira ku studio yathu! Ndani anali wolemekezeka kwambiri? Ndikuganiza kuti munaziyerekeza powerenga mutu wankhaniyo. Kumanani ndi "kupumira kwakukulu" pamwambo wathu wyerekeza ... mbewa yowala! Osathamangira kutiponyera mazira owola! Kupatula apo, uwu siwongomvera utoto kuti mutha kukumana kunyumba. Nanga zomwe zingadabwitse chiyani olembetsetsa a Buku la Zinyama ndi mbewa, ngakhale likuwonekera.
Zonsezi zidayamba ndi nthabwala zaku Kenya zokhudzana ndi chinyama chomwe sichingagwire, chifukwa amadumpha kuchokera pakhungu lake. Nkhani izi zitangofika kwa asayansi a Ashley Seyfert ndi akatswiri olimba mtima ochokera kwa ife tonse okondedwa kapena osakonda USA. Atakhala ndi zida zodziwa komanso kukonzekera, adaganiza zoyesa mphekeserazo ndipo adafika ku Kenya wochezeka. Pamenepo anapeza mitundu iwiri yosangalatsa ya mbewa za singano (pa Acomys kempi ndi Acomys percivali).
M'mawonekedwe, nyamazo zinali mbewa (mwadzidzidzi.) Zokhala ndi nyama yayitali masentimita 7 mpaka 13, ndi mchira wa masentimita 6 mpaka 13. Koma mbewa sizitchedwa kuti mtengo wa singano ngati mulibe singano. Chifukwa chake, pa chilombocho amakhala kumbuyo ndikuwoneka ngati mimbulu. Utoto, ngati wa anzawo apabanja, umasiyanasiyana. Mutha kupeza mbewa pakukonda kulikonse. Puziko wokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. M'mawu - cutie!
Koma, poyesera kugwira zinyenyeswazi, asayansi adagwa mokwanira. M'malo mwa chinyama chodzaza ndi nyama, zikopa zokha ndizotsala m'manja mwa akatswiri owerengetsa nyama. Ndipo wowonetsa macheso, monga kuti palibe chomwe chidachitika, adathawa, akuthambo ndi minofu yopanda kanthu! Chifukwa chake mbewa zotaya mpaka 60% ya malo a ubweya! Pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti khungu la pamimba limakhala losalimba. Zinali zovuta kuwirikiza nthawi 20, ndipo kuphulika nthawi 77 kuposa momwe mbewa wamba zimakhalira. Komanso, munthu wosauka alibe magawo otetezedwa! Khungu lililonse la cutie limakhala lopepuka. Zowopsa zamtundu wanji? Kodi zingatheke bwanji kuti munthu akhale choncho?
Posakhalitsa yankho linabwera ku chinsinsi cha zamoyozi. Mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zina, mabala sakhala mabala, mwachizolowezi, koma kusinthika kwathunthu kwa minofu kumachitika. Choyamba, maselo a epithelial amasamukira kumtunda kwa chilondacho, kenako maselo ofanana ndi embryonic amapanga pansi pawo. Kuchokera kumapeto, mababu atsitsi lathunthu amakula. Kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa chovalacho (popanda zipsera ndi zipsera) kumangotenga masiku 30 okha. M'malo mabala, ngakhale ubweya sasintha mtundu!
Asayansi osakwanira kuti ayang'ane malire a mphamvu zazikulu za thumba lathu tating'onoting'ono adudulira khutu kuchokera mbewa ndikutsatira kuchira. Podabwitsanso akatswiri asayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe, ziwalo zonse za khutu, kupatula minofu, zidachira. Pambuyo pa kugwedezeka kwakukulu, asayansi adazindikira kuti ma cellular omwe amapezeka nthawi yokonza makutu ali ofanana ndi machitidwe a kubwezeretsa miyendo mu salamanders, repitles ndi arthropods. Kwa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, izi sizingatheke.
Mphamvu zosaneneka izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachidziwikire, pazovuta kwambiri. Kenako, nyama yolusa ikakwiya, zimawoneka, ikumata zinyenyeswazi, m'malo mwa mtembo wowotchera, wosaka amalandila, haha, amakhala ndi chikopa pakamwa pokha / zikhadabo ndi gawo labwino lochititsidwa manyazi. Inde, miyendo ndi ziwalo za mbewa zooneka ngati singano sizikula, monga salamanders. Komabe, kuphunzira za mawonekedwe a cutie awa kumathandizira kumvetsetsa momwe angabwezeretsere khungu ndi cartilage mwa anthu osatembenukira pakuwonjezera ndi opareshoni, mwachitsanzo atapsa. Kupatula apo, mpaka 80 peresenti ya majini amagwirizana ndi mbewa! Chifukwa chake, sonyezani ulemu ndi zitsiru izi!
Kupanda kutero, mbewa ya singano sinasiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo omwe ali ndi mphatso. Miyoyo m'dera la Near East, kuzilumba za Kupro ndi Kerete. Komanso cutie amatha kupezeka pagawo lalikulu la Africa. Amakonda kugona masana, amagwira ntchito usiku komanso m'mawa. Pofufuza zakuson amatha kuthamanga mpaka 15 km pa tsiku. Zomwe makoswe amadya, ndikuganiza, sizoyenera kufotokoza. Mimba mwa akazi imatenga milungu 4-5. Amayi amapanga tugoser 5 nthawi imodzi. Pakufika miyezi itatu, mbewa zimakhala atakula kale ndipo zimatha kubereka.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbewa zowala zimatha kusungidwa ngati ziweto. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi banja la ma super olemera omwe mungafune: khola (aquarium) yotalika masentimita 90x30x40, wopezeka pamalo abata komanso otentha. Zinyalala, chifukwa nyama ndi zoyera kwambiri. Wilo, gudumu la ntchito, kuti mbewa sizisambira ndi mafuta. Monga chithandizo, mutha kupatsa lalanje.
Zabwino zonse, kondani mbewa!
Buku la Zinyama linali ndi inu.
Mangiranani, zolembetsa - chithandizo cha wolemba.
Gawani malingaliro anu mu ndemanga, timawerenga nthawi zonse.
Kufotokozera kwamkati
Thupi la mbewa ya singano ndi masentimita 7-13, mchirawo ndi wamtali 6-13 cm.Maso ndi okulirapo, makutu ndi akulu, ozungulira. Kumbuyo kumakutidwa ndi singano zofanana ndi hedgehog. Utoto umasiyana; chikasu, utoto, imvi zakuda zimapezeka. Kuchokera pansi pake thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Akuluakulu, amuna amakhala ndi ubweya wazitali kwambiri m'khosi.
Makoswe a singano amatha kusinthanso. Pakachitika zinthu zoopsa, khungu limatayika, ndipo zipsera sizikhala pamalo a mabala, monga momwe zimayambira nyama zonse, koma kusinthika kwathunthu kumachitika.
Zofunikira Pakudya ya Mouse
Makoswe a singano ndi omnivores. Amadyetsa chomera (chimanga, oatmeal, oats, zipatso, masamba ndi zipatso, mtedza, zopopera, mbewu za mpendadzuwa, tirigu, mapira, dandelion) ndi chakudya cha nyama (ma crickets, mphutsi za ufa, mbozi ndi ankhandwe, ntchentche, agulugufe, nsomba zam'nyanja ndi ng'ombe , mazira, kanyumba tchizi).
Mukamaweta kunyumba, mazira ophwanyidwa amathandizidwa kuti azikhala ndi calcium. Monga chithandizo amapatsa malalanje. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ukapolo, mbewa za singano zimakonda kulemera kwambiri.
Kufalikira kwa mbewa
Kwawo kwa mbewa za singano ndi Western Asia (Saudi Arabia, Kupro ndi Krete, ambiri aku Africa). Mitundu yodziwika bwino m'chilengedwe ndi mbewa za singano za Cairo (Acomys cahirinus).
Ndodozi zimakhala ndi ma mink, omwe nawonso amafukula, nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamtundu wina.
Khoswe wa Cairo (Acomys cahirinus)
Ndikofunika kuposa mbewa ya nyumba kukula. Kutalika kwa thupi 7.5-14 masentimita, mchira kutalika 9-14 cm, kulemera kwa thupi 21-64 g. Maso ndi makutu ndikakulu, chizungulire chimayimiriridwa mawonekedwe, mchira ndi wautali, scaly, kumbuyo kumakhala tsitsi lalitali. Mtunduwu ndi wofiirira. Tummy ndi yoyera, makutu ali pansi, mikwingwirima pansi pamaso ndi miyendo yoyera pamwamba.
Mitunduyi imapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa, ku Libya ndi Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia ndi Djibouti.
Mpala Wanyama Wam'mawa (Acomys dimidiatus)
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 95-124 mm, kutalika kwa mchirawo ndi 93-122 mm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi g 6. Thupi lakumwambalo limapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, tummy ndi yoyera. Pali anthu amtundu wakuda.
Malo okhalamo akuphatikizapo Sinai, Yordani, Israeli, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia ndi Yemen, Oman ndi UAE, Iraq, Iran ndi Pakistan.
Cretan Spiny mbewa (ma Acomys minous)
Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 90-130 mm, kutalika kwa mchira ndi 90-120 mm, kulemera kumayambira 30 mpaka 86. Pamwamba pali imvi kumtunda, imvi m'maso, mmbali ndi loyera. Maso ndi makutu akulu, mchira wake ndi wamtundu, tsitsi lakumbuyo limakhala ngati singano.
Matendawa ku Kerete, komwe nyamazo zimakhala m'malo owuma, amiyala pamtunda wamtunda wamitunda ya 1000 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Mbewa ya singano yamagolide (ma Acomys russatus)
Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika pa 11 masentimita, kutalika kwa mchira ndi kutalika kwa 7.5 cm, kulemera kwa 37-75 g. Chovala chofiyira cha lalanje chimakwirira thupi lonse ndikupangitsa nyama kuti ipite kumbuyo kwa mapiri amchenga. Mbali ndi tummy zimayera, miyendo imachita imvi ndi miyendo yakuda. Pali zingwe zoyera pansi pamaso.
Amakhala ku Egypt, kum'mawa kwa Mtsinje wa Nailo, ku Peninsula ya Sinayi, ku Yordani ndi Israeli, Saudi Arabia komanso kumpoto kwa Yemen, ku Oman.
Khalidwe Labwino la mbewa
Ntchito ya singano mbewa ndi usiku ndi mbandakucha. Masana, amabisala kutentha m'makungu awo, m'miyala yamiyala ndi m'miyala yamiyala. Amatha kukwera mitengo. Mbewa yotuwa imatha kuthamanga pafupifupi makilomita 15 patsiku. Pangozi, chiweto chimasungunula ubweya ndi singano.
Akomis amakhala m'magulu, wamkulu ndiye wamkazi. Anthu amtundu womwewo amadya ndi kugona limodzi, kusamalirana, mwachitsanzo, kuthandizira pakubala, nthawi zambiri akazi amalera ana amasiye. Mukasamukira kudera lina, anthu onse achikulire amakhala ndi ana awo aamuna ndi akunja.
Makoswe a singano ndiabwino kwambiri ndipo amadzisamalira mosamala. Ana nawonso amakhala oyera nthawi zonse, chimbudzi chili malo amodzi.
Kubweretsanso kwa Mouse
Mimba mu mbewa ya singano ya akazi imatenga milungu 4-5. Mu ana amodzi, ana 1-5 omwe amabadwa achikulire ndi thupi lolemera pafupifupi 7 g amawonekera pakubadwa, ndipo atakwanitsa miyezi 2-3 amatha kutha msinkhu. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka zitatu, nthawi zina imafika zaka 5.
Zambiri Zosangalatsa
- Makoswe a singano nthawi zambiri amasungidwa kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, pezani galasi la aquarium, lotsekedwa pamwamba ndi mauna abwino. Dera la mbewa zisanu liyenera kukhala lokwanira 90cm mpaka 30 cm ndi 40. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito khungu, maselo omwe ali mmalowo ayenera kukhala 1 cm ndi 1 cm kuti mbewa isathawe. Nyumba zowoneka bwino za mbewa zimapezeka pamalo abata, amtendere, popanda dzuwa lowala komanso zojambulajambula. Pansi pali limba ndi mchenga kapena chisononkho cha chimanga, ndipo limasinthidwa likayamba kuwonongedwa. Kuti amange chisa, mbewa zimatsala ndi zidutswa za pepala, nsanza za thonje, udzu, udzu. Kutentha mkati mwa khungu sikuyenera kutsikira pansi pa 27 ° C, ndipo chinyezi sichiyenera kupitirira 50%. Komanso mnyumba zama mbewa zimayikidwa makwerero, zingwe, pansi ndi nthambi zambiri kuti zikhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso kupewa kudziunjikira kwambiri. Makoswe a singano amadziwa bwino kutengera ukapolo, kubereka bwino ndi kubereka. Ndikofunika kuwapatsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kukhala aukhondo m'khola komanso mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wakhama kwambiri, kotero kuti ziweto zimasangalatsa eni ake ndi zomwe akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kufotokozera kwa Mouse ya singano
Mbewa ya singano imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi makoswe wamba. Imafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 12, ili ndi mphuno yaying'ono yopanga ndi makutu ozungulira ndi maso akulu akuda. Nyamayi ili ndi chovala chowoneka bwino, mthunzi wake umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi kufiyira mpaka kumchenga wagolide. Mbewa ya singano ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha singano yomwe imakhala kumbuyo, yomwe ili ndi utoto wofanana ndi ubweya, motero siyowoneka. Komabe, ngati ali ndi mthunzi wakuda kuposa woyamba, amawoneka bwino komanso amawoneka okongola.
Akatswiri ambiri othandizira nyama samaperekabe chifukwa chani mbewa ya singano imafunika singano, popeza sizigwiritsa ntchito ngati chitetezo.
Chingwe cha mbewa kapena ayi?
Ngati panthawi yomwe nyamayi ipezeka mukupatsidwa mbewa momwe mulibe minga, ndiye kuti akuyesera kukutengerani nthumwi yosiyana kwambiri ndi banja la mbewa. Mosasamala kanthu za malingaliro omwe ogulitsa akukhudzanso kuwonekera kwa singano, nyamayi si mbewa. Mwambiri, akuyesera kukugulitsirani mbewa ya Cairo, yomwe kale inali malo olemekezeka pakati pa ziweto zosowa.
Oimira oterowo amakhala kudera la Egypt ndipo amakhala momwemo ngati mbewa zomwe timazidziwa. Pazotsatsa zina pa intaneti, ogulitsa amalemba ponena kuti Cairo ndi mbewa yoluka ndi yofanana. Komabe, izi siziri zoona konse, chifukwa ndi mitundu yosiyana ya banja la mbewa.
Zizolowezi kuthengo
Makoswe osokoneza bongo a Acomis amakhala mdera lamapiri owuma ndi zipululu zouma, zomwe zili ku Africa, komanso ku Pakistan ndi Iran. Sizachilendo kuti nyama zizikumba zokha, kapena kubisala m'miyala m'miyala. Komabe, amatha kukhala ndi chimbudzi kapena dzenje la winawake. Akomis amagwira ntchito mumdima, chifukwa chake, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa musanakhale ndi chiweto kunyumba kwanu.
Mawonekedwe a Nyumba
Mbewa yowala, yomwe imafunikira nyengo zina, imamva bwino mu khola lomwe lili ndi zovuta pansi ndi 1 x 1 cm maselo, kapenanso kuchepera. Miyeso ya nyumba ya Akomis iyenera kukhala osachepera 0,4x0.4x0.6 m., Koma kwa anthu angapo ndikwabwino kupeza khola lomwe lili ndi kukula kwa 0.9x0.3x0.4 m.
Pazosanja, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za pepala loyera, utuchi kapena masamba owuma. Kupereka malo abwino kwa chiweto chanu, muyenera kukonza mu ngongole nthambi za mitengo yowola, pomwe mbewa zimakukuta mano awo omwe akukula. Muyeneranso kuyika mbale yodyetsa khola, mbale yosamwa yosavuta ndi mwala wopangira miyala.
Mkati mwa cell muyenera kuyikamo:
komanso zoseweretsa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayenera kuchapidwa kamodzi m'masiku asanu ndi awiri.
M'pofunika kukonzekeretsa chiweto ndi nyumba, mu mawonekedwe a chisa ndi kutuluka kuchokera mbali zonse, momwe iye adzagone, komanso kubala ana m'kuwala. Zomwe zimapangidwira popanga chisa zingakhale pepala la kuchimbudzi, udzu kapena udzu. Vata sayenera kuphatikizidwa, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuwonongeka mu thanzi la chiweto chifukwa chotchinga matumbo.
Chisamaliro cha Akomis
Tsiku lililonse muyenera kutaya zotsalira za chakudya ndi zinyalala zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa m'khola, ndikofunikanso kutsuka omwe amadyetsa ndi kumwa mbale. Kutsika pansi kumasintha kangapo pa masiku 7. Mbewa yotuwa ndi nyama yaying'ono yoyera, yomwe imakonda kupita kuchimbudzi pamalo omwewo, chifukwa chake, kunalibe fungo losasangalatsa kuchokera pamenepo. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito malo okhala ngati chinyumba, koma ndichofunikira kulingalira kuti kuyeretsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe zingakhalire m'khola, komanso mavuto okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi m'nyumba ya Pet.
Popeza akomis amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri mumdima, amatha kusokoneza eni ake ndi mawu osokosera komanso kuwombana.
Ngati kuswana kwa mbewa za singano sikunakonzedwe, ndibwino kuti musunge anthu angapo, makamaka amuna, popeza ndiwofatsa kuposa oyimira akazi.
Ngati ana abadwa, akuyenera kuwaika m'madzi, popeza akomis amayamba kusuntha kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo, amatha kuthawa khola. Makoswe a singano amagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mawa komanso madzulo. Masana, nthumwi izi zimakonda kumasuka m'nyumba. China chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi akomis ndiko kugona kwawo osatseka maso awo.
Mchira wa mbewa yowoneka ngati singano imatha kuthyoka pakagwa vuto kapena kuwonekera, komanso ngati buluzi. Komabe, chatsopano sichimeranso, chifukwa chake, simungayesere kugwira chingwecho ndi mchira, kapena kuyika gudumu la makoswe m'ngala yake.
Kudyetsa Makoswe a mbewa
Vuto la mbewa ya singano ndilosiyanasiyana, chifukwa limakonda pafupifupi chinthu chilichonse. Kunyumba, dyetsani ziweto:
- mbewu za chivwende ndi dzungu,
- mbewu za chimanga, monga oats kapena tirigu,
- chipatso
- masamba
- zidutswa za mkate.
Akazi obala ana ayenera kudyetsedwa kanyumba tchizi ndi mazira. Komanso mbewa ya singano imakonda tizilombo, mumangofunika kusiyira zoweta zokha, popeza ma acomis amatha kudumwa. Ngati chakudya chochuluka chamafuta chimapezeka m'zakudya, madzi sangaperekedwe.
Ndiwosavuta kudyetsa akomis, monga makoko ambiri ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi ziwaya zamzitini. Posachedwa, zidutswa zonse za nyumba yosanja zakhala zikugulitsidwa. Pokolola, amathandizidwa ndi nthunzi, osagwiritsa ntchito ma chemistry ndi mankhwala ena osungira. Zomwe zili mumtsuko mulibe zinthu zonona kapena zamadzimadzi, zopangidwa mwachilengedwe zokha. Ma crickets amnyumba amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, chitsulo, calcium, 9 amino acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fat acids, vitamini B12, chitin, oligosaccharides. Muli mafuta ochepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kupatsa chakudya chanu chiweto chanu popanda zoletsa. Makoswe amadya momwe angafunikire. Mutha kuzolowera chazinthucho mwatsatanetsatane ndikupanga lamulo popanda kusiya nyumba yanu.
Njira zoberekera
Atafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, mbewa za singano zimatha kubereka. Kamodzi pamwezi ndi theka, makanda adzabadwa, m'miyeso iwiri. Wamkazi amadyetsa ana amenewo kwa milungu iwiri. Achichepere amabadwa atakutidwa ndi imvi komanso ndi maso otseguka. Ana amakula mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma ngati zokwanira za iwo zili m'madzi amatha kumenya, kotero mkazi amatha kudya mwanawo. Pofuna kupewa zoterezi, makanda amayenera kupatulidwa ndi akuluakulu makamaka masabata awiri atabadwa.
Akomis amakhala m'malo achilengedwe kwa zaka zitatu, koma kunyumba amatha kukhala ndi zaka 8.
Zojambula Pamasewera
Akomis mbewa ya singano ndiyabwino kwambiri pakuwotcha. Komabe, musayesere kuyinyamula mwachangu, muyenera kudyetsa kaye ndi dzanja. Katemera akazolowera kukhalapo kwanu, mutha kuyeserera kuyika dzanja lanu ndikulilola kuti lizikhala ngati pamenepo. Simungathe kutenga mbewa ya singano ndi mchira, chifukwa imatha kuthyoka. Pakapita kanthawi, chiweto chanu chizizolowera, ndipo mutha kuchipeza m'manja mwanu.
Kodi mumakonda nkhaniyo? Tengani khoma lanu, thandizira ntchitoyi!
Kwa okonda zosowa, nyama yachilendo yochokera kumtundu wa Rodent, mbewa ya singano ndichosangalatsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti nyama iyi imakhala yosasamala chakudya, ilibe fungo losasangalatsa, imasungunuka mosavuta, imasungidwa monga chiweto.
Kufotokozera
Nyama yaying'ono iyi yochokera ku banja la Mouse (kuyambira kukula mpaka masentimita 7 mpaka 17) ili ndi mayina ena - akomis, mbewa yowoneka ngati singano ku Egypt. Kulemera ngakhale kwa akuluakulu sikupitirira 50 g.achilendo cha nyama izi chagona m'mbali mwa tsitsi, komwe kumbuyo kuli singano zenizeni. Mbali zina zonse za thupi zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi la mchenga kapena mtundu wa bulauni, pamimba pokha ndi pachifuwa ndizowala, nthawi zina zimakhala zoyera kotheratu. Kwa amuna akuluakulu, ubweya pamutu umakhala wautali, womwe umapangitsa kufanana kwa mane.
Pamalo yopyapyala pali mikanda yakuda ndi kutalika kwa mitsempha, mothandizidwa ndi yomwe nyamayo imayang'aniridwa mosavuta m'malo. Makutu oyenda, oyenda kwambiri amakhala. Phazi lalikulu limayimilira miyendo yayifupi. Mchirawo ndi pafupifupi kutalika kofanana ndi thupi, ndipo amafanana ndi chingwe. Ndiosalimba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imathyoledwa ndipo kuthengo imathandizira kupulumutsa moyo wa nyamayo, yomwe imataya nthawi yangozi.
Mbewa yotentha (chithunzi ikhoza kuwonedwa patsamba) imakhala zaka 3 mpaka 8, kutengera nyengo yomwe ali mndende.
Malo ogawa
Kwawo kwa nyama izi ndi Saudi Arabia, Africa, zisumbu za Krete ndi Kupro, Western Asia. Savannah ndi chipululu chopanda, chokhala ndi miyala komanso mchenga, ndimalo awo omwe amakonda. Akomis (mbewa ya singano) amakonza zisa m'miyala, pakati pa miyala, nthawi zina mumakhala timiyala ta timiyala tina.
Monga ziweto, nyama ndizofala masiku ano padziko lonse lapansi.
Moyo wachilengedwe
Nyama izi zimabisala kwa adani makamaka m'misasa, koma posapezeka amene athawa. Ngakhale miyendo yake yayifupi, mbewa imatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 15 patsiku. Ngati mkhalidwewo ulibe chiyembekezo, ndipo palibe njira yothawira, nyamayo imayesa kuwopseza mdani pofalitsa singano zake, ndikupangitsa kuti izioneka yayikulu kuposa momwe ilili.
Akomis amakhala m'magulu, pamutu pa aliyense wa iwo ndi wamkazi. Palibe mikangano pakati pa anthu ammodzi. Makoswe akuwonetsa kudera nkhawa achibale, kulera ana aamuna ndi kusamalirana wina ndi mnzake. Amayi amatha kudyetsa alendo omwe asiyidwa amasiye. Izi zimathandizira kuti nyama zizikhala movutikira chifukwa cha chipululu chochepa. Sakonda kutentha, chifukwa chake amakhala ndi moyo wamphamvu usiku.
Kulankhulana pafupipafupi ndi nyama zodabwitsazi kumawapangitsa kukhala osadetseka. Posachedwa, mbewa nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa mu ziweto. Poganizira kuti akukhala m'mabanja, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi nyama zingapo, pomwe akazi awiri ndi amuna. Kupatula apo, chibwenzi chokwiyitsacho sichipatsa mpumulo kwa iye yekhayo amene asankhidwa. Ndikosatheka kusunga zazimuna zingapo nthawi imodzi ndi zazikazi, chifukwa ndewu zimayamba pakati pawo, chifukwa chomwe nyamazo zimatha kulumala kapena kupha zofooka.
Kwa ena, mbewa za singano ndizomverera bwino kunyumba, ndipo mulibe zovuta zapadera nawo. Koma kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo ndi chitetezedwe cha chiweto chanu, mudzafunika nyumba yokhala ndi zida zapadera.
Kusintha kwanyumba
Kusankha khola lachitsulo ngati malo okhala ndi makoswe, ndikofunikira kuti kukula kwa maselo ake kusaposa 1 x 1. Mkhalidwe wofunikira pakukhala bwino ndi akomis ndi malo apamwamba. Kuti izi zitheke, mitundu yonse ya mashelufu, makwerero, mitengo yodulira, ndi zina zotere zimayikidwa mnyumba mwawo.Kukwaniritsa zosowa za nyamazi poyenda, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa gudumu. Iyenera kukhala yolumikizidwa mwamphamvu, khalani ndi makhoma olimba kuti muchepetse kuvulala kwa mchira wosalimba. Dongosolo la Wheel - osachepera 13 cm.
Mitsuko ingapo yokhala ndi zotuluka ziwiri imayikidwanso m'khola kuti ikonzekere chisa ndikuchotsa ana. Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri ndi kusapezeka kwa zinthu zapulasitiki. Makoswe amatha kuwabowula mosavuta pomeza zidutswa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulaza. Kuti mupukuse zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matumba tengani mitengo ing'onoing'ono yamitengo kapena nthambi za mtengo.
Zida zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala - utuchi, mchenga, udzu, masamba owuma, moss. Mbewa yotuwa ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri, ikukonzekeretsa chimbudzi chake pamalo amodzi. Chifukwa chake, zinyalala nthawi zambiri sizisinthidwa katatu sabata.
Khola ndi mbale zomwera ndi madzi zizipezeka pafupipafupi. Pachifukwa ichi, mbale zouma zoumbika ndizoyenera kuti nyama sizingawononge. Kamodzi pa sabata, zinthu zonse zomwe zili m'makola zimatsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo. Malo kunyumba ya mbewa amasankhidwa kutali ndi zida zamagetsi ndi dzuwa. Zojambula ziyeneranso kupewedwa. Kutentha kwambiri kwa nyama ndi 25-27 ° C, chinyezi ndi 30-35%.
Kudyetsa
Akomis amafunikira mapuloteni a nyama, kamodzi pa sabata amapatsidwa udzu. Chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwazakudya zotere ndi tchizi, tchizi, chophika cha mazira, nkhuku yophika kapena chiwindi. Zonsezi zimafunika pang'ono. Aliyense amadziwa chikondi cha oimira banja lino chizi, koma osavomerezeka kuti apereke kwa ziweto zazing'ono, chifukwa mankhwalawa ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimawavulaza - mchere komanso mitundu yambiri yosungirako. Amaphatikizidwa mu zakudya zilizonse zokometsera kapena zamafuta.
Gwero la calcium, lomwe mbewa ya singano imafunikiranso, limapindika mazira. M'masitolo azinyama mungagule miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangira makoswe, timitengo ta kaboni ndi mavitamini. Ndikofunikira kokha kukaonana ndi veterinarian pasadakhale.
Chakudya cha wodyetsa chimayenera kumakhalapo nthawi zonse, chifukwa kagayidwe kachakudya mu zinyama kamayamba mwachangu kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti silinama ndipo silikuwonongeka. Madzi amafunika kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kuyang'anira ukhondo wa wodyetsa.
Kuswana
Kuyambira wazaka zitatu zakubadwa, akomis amadziwika kuti ndi wodala kale. Pakatha masiku 42 atachira, wamkazi amabereka ana osalemera osaposa 6 g Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuyambira 1 mpaka 3, koma nthawi zina ana asanu amapezekanso mu zinyalala. Amasiyana ndi akhanda chifukwa amakhala odziimira pawokha. Kuyambira tsiku loyamba, mbewa yaying'ono singano popanda makolo (chithunzi pansipa).
Amawoneka osiyana pang'ono ndi amitundu okongoletsa - thupilo limakutidwa ndi ubweya, singano zofewa kumbuyo, mutu ndi waukulu, ndipo miyendo ndi yayitali. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti maso a akhanda amatseguka. Ana nthawi yomweyo amayesa kuyenda. Amatha kudziyang'anira pawokha, motero samamva kufunikira kwambiri kwa kutentha kwa amayi. Komabe, kwa milungu ina itatu azimayiwo amadya mkaka. Ndipo iye amasamalira ana akewo, nanyambita mosamala.
Pazaka za mwezi umodzi, makanda amalekanitsidwa ndi amayi awo kukhala gulu wamba la nyama. Nyama zazing'ono sizisungidwa zokhazokha, chifukwa pambuyo pake zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro ndipo zimatsogolera ku mfundo yoti mbewa zimalephera kulankhula ndi mtundu wawo.
Makhalidwe
Mbewa yowala ndi nyama usiku. Amachita zinthu mwamdima kwambiri. Mukamagula chiweto choterocho, muyenera kukonzekera zakuti usiku uzikhala chisokosera, kufinya ndi mawu ena. Masana, nyamayo singawonekere, ikupuma mink. Kutha kudabwitsa ndi maso otseguka kuli ndi mbewa ya singano.
Simungathe kutenga mbewa ya singano ndi mchira - imakhala yosalala kwambiri, ndipo nyamayo imatha kugawa nayo. Izi zimachitikanso pangozi. Sizingakhale zangozi kuti nyama izi zomwe zimakhala ndi zofupikitsa nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwachilengedwe.
Khalidwe
Makoswe a singano akumva bwino pagulu. Sali aukali, ochezeka kwambiri. Kuthandizana wina ndi mnzake pakukongoletsa, anyamatawa amalera ana limodzi.
Ndi ziweto zina, maubale ndi akomis samawonjezera - amakhala olanda amphaka, agalu ngakhale mbalame. Simuyenera kutenga chiopsezo, kulola nyama kuti ziziyenda, ndibwino kuwapatsa malo okhala abwino komanso otetezeka. Ngati m'nyumba muli mphaka, cholembera chiyenera kutetezedwa bwino, ndipo wopanga nyama ayenera kupangidwira.
Kwa ana aang'ono, kulumikizana kwambiri ndi mbewa kungayambitse kuluma, pomwe ziwetozo zimavulala. Chifukwa chake, khungu liyenera kuyikidwa pamalo osavomerezeka ndikotsekeka bwino. Ndi ana opitilira zaka 6 okha omwe amadziwa kuthana ndi nyama omwe angathe kudalirika ndi ziweto monga mbewa za singano. Kusamalira, kuphatikiza kudyetsa, kuyeretsa khola, pamsika uwu mwana ali kale wokhoza.
Kutengera
Kulephera kulankhulana kumayambitsa kuti mbewa zatha. Ali ndi mantha amanjenje kwambiri ndipo amatha kufa chifukwa chochita mantha nthawi zina - akasankhidwa mosayembekezereka, komanso mawu akulu akulu. Kuyambira ubwana, ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa nyama kwa anthu, pokhapokha ndikofunikira kuchita izi mosamala, kuwonetsa chisamaliro chachikulu komanso chisamaliro. Zotsatira zake, mbewa zimatha kuzindikira ngakhale mwini wawo ndimanunkhira, kuyankha dzina ndikubwera m'manja mwawo modekha.
Matenda
Pazonse, akomisy (mbewa zosafunikira) amakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Ndi ziweto zingati zomwe zimakhala kunyumba zimatengera momwe amasamalira. Zaka zazitali kwambiri zomwe ziweto izi zimatha kufika ndi zaka 8. Mosiyana ndi makoswe ena, samatha kuvutika ndi mavuto monga chotupa china. Mwa matenda omwe sangathe kupatsirana, kunenepa kwambiri, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, media za otitis, komanso kuchepa kwa mavitamini ndizofala kwambiri. Kudyetsa osafunikira kungayambitse matenda am'mimba.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a mbewa za singano, ukhondo wawo wodabwitsa komanso kusowa kwa fungo la makoswe ambiri, anthu ochulukirapo amawasankha kuti akhale ndi ziweto.
Mbewa yooneka ngati singano (Acomys cahirinus) ndi makoko ochokera ku banja la mbewa, gawo lozungulira la deominoids. Nthawi zambiri nyamazo zimangotchedwa akomis.
Maonekedwe a mbewa ya singano
Nyama zowoneka zodabwitsazi zimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita khumi ndi zinayi, kuphatikiza mchira, womwe, mwa njira, uli pafupi kutalika kwa nyamayo. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu akomis kumayambira 40 mpaka 48 magalamu. Mwinanso chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mbewa izi ndi "singano" zomwe zimamera kumbuyo kwawo. Monga lamulo, singano izi zimapakidwa utoto wachikaso. Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala masingano amtundu wautoto komanso imvi. Thupi limakhala lofiirira kapena lamchenga wopepuka ndipo limatengera zaka za mbewa: momwe limakhalira, limadetsa thupi. Chifuwa ndi m'mimba mwa mbewa ya singano imakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera komanso lofewa. Amuna achikulire ogonana amakhala ndi ubweya wautali kuposa akazi achimuna ndi osakhazikika, omwe amawoneka ngati mtundu wa mane. Mchira wa Akomis ndiwosakhwima komanso wowuma kwambiri.
Makoswe a singano ndi nyama zachilendo, pongowoneka ngati mbewa.
Kupukutira kwa mbewa yowoneka ngati singano ndi kochepetsetsa, maso ndi akulu ndi amdima, makutu onga ngati mkanda ndi ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri, ozungulira, akuluakulu komanso osanjika. Akomis vibrissae ndi aatali kwambiri, omwe ndi mwayi wosinthika. Miyendo yakumbuyo ya mbewa za singano ndizifupi komanso ndili ndi phazi lalikulu.
Physiology ya mbewa za singano
Popeza mbewa ya singano ili m'gulu la makoswe, chipangiziro cha matupi awo sichikhala chosadziwika ndi chipangizo cha ena oimira gululi.
Chizindikiro cha mbewa ya singano, komabe, monga mitundu ina, ndikuti, monga abuluzi ena, amatha kuponyera mchira wawo pakagwa ngozi. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kufera kwambiri kwa mchira. Poganizira izi, mbewa zambiri zomwe zimapezeka mwachilengedwe zakhala ndi mbewa zazifupi.
Mbewa ya singano imatha kutha msinkhu pafupifupi miyezi itatu, koma nthawi zina imatha kubereka pofika miyezi iwiri. Nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumapeto kwa February ndipo imatha mu September.
Nthawi yokhala ndi pakati ndi masiku 42, kenako mkazi amabereka mbewa zitatu kapena zitatu. Nthawi zina, chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufikira zisanu. Pafupifupi, kulemera kwa mkono uliwonse ndi magalamu 5-6.
Makanda obadwa kumene ali ndi ufulu wodziimira pawokha, ali ndi maso otseguka, ndipo thupi limakutidwa osati ndi ubweya, komanso singano, zomwe, komabe, limakhala lofewa m'masiku oyamba amoyo. Mutu wazaka zatsopano ndi wokulirapo, miyendo ndi yayitali, ndipo thupi ndi laling'ono. Akangobadwa kumene, mbewa zimakhwima ndipo, ngakhale zimayamba kuyenda, zimagwedezeka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwa.
Popeza atakhala pafupifupi milungu itatu, mbewa zazing'onoting'ono zimatha kale kudziyang'anira panokha kutentha. Poyerekeza, anzawo amtundu wina angafunike kutentha kwa thupi la amayi awo.
Kwa milungu iwiri, mayiyo amasamalira ana akewo, kuwapatsa mkaka ndi kunyambita mosamala. Nthawi yonseyi, anawo samachoka pogona, ndipo atakhwima pang'ono, amachoka pogona ndikuyamba kufufuza malo ozungulira. Pazaka zofananira, mbewa zimayamba kudya zakudya zofanana ndi mbewa za singano. Ngati pakufunika izi, makanda amatha kutaya mkaka wa m'mawere kuyambira tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi la moyo, koma ngati mayiyo ali pafupi, amatha kuyamwa mkaka masabata atatu oyamba.
Kufalitsa mbewa za singano
Akomis ndi kwawo ku West Asia, chilumba cha Arabian, zilumba za Krete, Kupro komanso mayiko ambiri aku Africa.
Makoswe onunkhira amakhala m'malo owuma monga zipululu ndi ma savannah, amakonda malo amchenga ndi miyala.Akomis amabisala m'makola omwe ali m'miyala yosweka komanso pakati pa olemba miyala. Ku Africa, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona momwe mbewa zowala zimasinthira timapanda topanda kanthu kupita kunyumba zawo.
Pakadali pano, nyamazi ndizoyimira mwaulere pamakhalidwe azikhalidwe zaku Africa ndi Asia. Zitha kupezekanso kumwera kwa Europe. Koma monga ziweto, mbewa za silty zimakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Moyo wa mbewa za singano m'malo awo achilengedwe
Makoswe a singano amawonetsa ntchito yayikulu kwambiri m'bandakucha. Masana, satuluka m'makola mwawo, kudikirira kuti kutentha kuzime. Amakhala ndi mbewa zopanda kanthu za makoko ena ndi kukumba pansi pang'ono. Ndiyenera kunena kuti mabowo akuya ndi ndima, iwo eni sangathe kumanga. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ming'alu m'matanthwe ndi malo opanda kanthu pakati pa miyala ngati nyumba.
Makoswe onenepa amakula bwino mitengo, koma akapeza vuto lililonse, amabisala m'malo awo okhala. Ngati palibe njira yobisala, mbewa zonenepa zimathawa. Mu tsiku limodzi, mbewa ya singano imatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 15. Ngati chiweto chayatsidwa, chimayesa kutupa, kutukula singano, mwakutero chikuwoneka chokulirapo ndikuwopseza mdani.
Singano-mbewa zimakhala m'magulu, zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu wamba. Mutu wabanja ndi mkazi wa alpha. Amuna ali ndi utsogoleri wawo, womwe amatsimikizira pokonzekera nkhondo.
Kupatula ku nkhondo zapakati pa amuna, mbewa za singano ndizitsanzo zamtendere weniweni. Palibe mikangano pakati pa mamembala a gulu lokhazikika ngakhale pa chakudya. Komanso, mamembala onse samangogona limodzi, komanso amasamalirana. Ngati uyu kapena wamkazi satanganidwa kusamalira ana ake, amathandizira akazi ena nthawi yobereka komanso polera ana. Mbewa zamphongo nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa ndi akazi ena. Kusamukira kumalo okhalamo, nyama zachikulire zimasinthira ana awo ndi alendo, ndikugwirizana kuti zizipeza malo ogona atsopano. Zipangizo zoyenera zakhalidwe labwino ndi kukhazikika zimakhazikika mu mbewa osati pamlingo, koma pamlingo wachibadwa, womwe umalola nyama kuti ikhale ndi moyo ngakhale muzovuta kwambiri za chipululu. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti gululi limasungidwa pokhapokha ngati mbewa za singano ndizogwirizana kwambiri.
Mbewa yowala ndi nyama yoyera kwambiri. Amaunikira momwe malaya awo alili mosamala. Komanso, samayang'anitsitsa mosamala zovala za abale awo. Pachifukwachi, ma Akomis mink amakhala oyera nthawi zonse, monga ana awo. Ndiyenera kunena kuti chimbudzi cha mbewa ya singano nthawi zonse chimayendera malo osankhidwa.
Adani akuluakulu achilengedwe a mbewa za singano ndi zinyama zachilengedwe, zokwawa komanso mbalame. Kuphatikiza apo, akupikisana pamtunda wa chakudya ndi majeremusi.
Pankhani yazakudya, akomis ndiwosakhazikika, ndipo amatha kudya zakudya zam'mera ndi nyama. Komabe, ngakhale amapatsa mphamvu, amakonda kwambiri mbewu monga chimanga ndi mbewu.
Zakudya zawo zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zitsamba, mbewu, mphukira za dothi komanso ma arthropod monga nkhono ndi tizilombo. Ngati zakudya zamafuta zikupezeka, mbewa za singano zimangokhala zopanda madzi.
Akomis amadyetsa malo osungika, otetezedwa bwino pomwe zinyalala za chakudya zimasonkhana kapena mbewu zimamera.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbewa za singano ndi makoswe ena apakhomo, makoswe, mbewa, ndi hamsters, ndikuti ndiwosanunkha kanthu. Pakusungira akomis kunyumba, malo okhala ma galasi okhala ndi ukonde wabwino nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amaphimba aquarium kuchokera pamwamba. Posunga nyama zisanu, malo okhala okwanira 110 malita amafunikira.
Nthawi zina mbewa za singano zimasungidwa m'maselo okhala ndi khungu osaposa 1x1 cm. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mbewa zokhala ndi singano zimatha kukwawa ngakhale m'ming'alu yopapatiza. Potere, chidwi chapadera chimachotsedwa kuti mbewa zikafika popanda kanthu. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika chifukwa chakuti akomis amadzatcha pulasitiki, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto akulu azaumoyo.
Chofunikira ndichakuti khola lomwe lili ndi mbewa kapena aquarium likhale m'malo opanda phokoso lomwe limatetezedwa ku dzuwa. Muyeneranso kusamalira kusowa kolemba.
Mchenga uliwonse kapena filimu yapadera yomwe imapangidwa ndimatumba a chimanga imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati filimu. Izi ndichifukwa choti udzu kapena utuchi ungayambitse ziwengo mu nyama. Zinyalala zimasintha momwe zimafunikira, chifukwa mbewa za singano ndizoyera kwambiri ndipo zimangotumiza zosowa zawo zokhazokha kumalo osatsimikizika. Kuti nyamazo zimange chisa, zimapatsidwa udzu, udzu, nsapato za thonje, mapepala oyera kapena pepala loyera. Kutentha mkati mwa aquarium kuyenera kusungidwa pa madigiri 25-27, kukhala ndi chinyezi 30-50%.
Chofunika kwambiri kwa mbewa za singano ndi malo omwe amapezeka. Chifukwa chake, ma snags ambiri, nthambi, mapaipi, zingwe, makwerero, pansi, etc., ziyenera kuyikidwa mu aquarium kapena khola.
Chofunikira pakusungitsa akomis ali mu ukapolo ndi gudumu, chifukwa chidzafotokozera mulingo wa zochitika zofunikira kuti makoswe azosefukira. Dongosolo la tayilo silikhala lochepera masentimita 13. Ndikofunikira kuti pansi pake pakhale zovuta, apo ayi nyamayo imatha kutaya mchira wake kapena kuvulaza chingwe chake.
Zabwino koposa kuti mbewa za singano zimasungidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono amawongoleredwa mwachangu, koma ngati sakulankhulana ndi mwini wakeyo, amathamanga kwambiri monga momwe amathira. Pankhaniyi, akomis ndi nyama zapulasitiki kwambiri. Makoko awa amadziwika ndi kukwezeka kwakukulu, ndipo amatha kufa ndi phokoso lakuthwa, koma, kuchokera poyesera chabe kuti atenge nyama m'manja.
Kunyumba, mbewa izi zimaberekera pokhapokha ngati zili ndi malo okwanira mu aquarium. Achichepere amalekanitsidwa ndi makolo awo ali ndi chaka chimodzi, kujowina gulu lonse.
Popeza nyamazo zimakhala zokhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, nthawi yamasana imakhala modekha ndipo mwina siziwonetsa kuchokera kumalo achitetezo kwanthawi yayitali. Koma usiku amayamba kuyendayenda mozungulira pamadzi, kukukutira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikusintha zinyalala.
Akomisi ndi odzikweza kwambiri komanso omasuka. Kunyumba, zakudya zotsatila zomerazi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya zawo: chakudya cha mbewa, mbewu zosiyanasiyana, oats, zipatso zouma kapena zatsopano, masamba, zipatso, zinyenyeswa za mkate, mtedza, mbewu za mpendadzuwa, mapira, tirigu, mbewu za canary, amadyera dandelion ndi ena. Zinthu zanyama monga agulugufe, ntchentche, ndi mbozi, ndi zophukira ndizofunikira.
Palibe chifukwa choti mbewa zong'ambika zitha kudyetsedwa mafuta, mapepedwe, amchere, okoma, kudyetsa nyama zina ndi chakudya chokonzera anthu. Komanso, nthawi 1-2 pa sabata akomis amafunikira kuti apatse nthambi za mitengo yazipatso, mapulo ndi msondodzi.
Madzi oyera nthawi zonse azikhala mumkhola, ngakhale mbewa za singano zimapeza chinyezi chonse zomwe zimafunikira kuchokera ku zitsamba zabwino. Zakudya za mbewa zizikhala zosiyanasiyana momwe mungathere, ndipo musawope kuledzera nyama, chifukwa mbewa singano sizinadye zoposa zomwe zimafunikira.
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Makoswe a singano, omwe amatchedwanso akomis (Acomys cahirinus), ndi nthumwi za subfamily deomyiidae, banja la mbewa makoswe. Nyama zodabwitsazi mu zaka zawo zachikulire zimalemera 40-48 g, ndipo kutalika kwa matupi awo ndi mchira, womwe ndi pafupifupi theka la kukula kwake, sizidutsa masentimita 14. Chikhalidwe cha nyama izi ndikuti ali ndi singano kumisana yawo. Mtundu wawo nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikasu, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zofiirira komanso zakuda. Mtundu wa mbewa za singano ndi mchenga wopepuka kapena bulawuni, zimatengera msinkhu wa nyamayo, chifukwa achinyamata ndi akuda kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu. Kunja kwa thupi la akomis (m'mimba ndi chifuwa) kumakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Amuna okhwima, ubweya pakhosi ndi wautali kuposa wachikazi komanso mwana, ndipo amapanga mawonekedwe awo otchedwa mane. Mchira wa nyama zamtunduwu ndiwosakhwima. Makoswe a singano ali ndi chopondera tating'ono tokhala ndi mikanda yayikulu yakuda ngati mikanda, makutu awo akuluakulu ndi ozungulira amavala mitu yawo. Vibrises nyama ndizitali kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza pamoyo wamtchire. Miyendo yakumbuyo ya akomis ndiyifupi komanso ndi phazi lalikulu.
Makoswe a singano ndi makoswe motero matupi awo amakonzedwa pafupifupi chimodzimodzi ndi ena oimilira motere.
Chizindikiro cha nyama zamtunduwu, komanso zina zambiri, ndikuti amatha, ngati abuluzi, pamene moyo wawo uli pachiwopsezo, gawo limodzi ndi mchira wawo. Izi ndichifukwa choti chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. Motere, nyama zambiri zomwe zimakhala mwachilengedwe zapeza michira yayifupi.
Kutha kwa Akomis kumachitika ali ndi miyezi itatu, koma nthawi zina ndi mbewa ziwiri amatha kubereka. Kwa iwo, nthawi yakukhwima imayamba kumapeto kwa February ndipo imatha mu September.
Mimba imatenga masiku 42, kenako mkazi amabweretsa, monga lamulo, kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 cubs, koma palinso 5, Unyinji wa womwe uli pafupifupi magalamu 5 - 6. Ana omwe amabadwa ali odziimira pawokha, maso awo ali otseguka kale ndipo thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi ubweya ndi singano, omwe adakali ofewa m'masiku oyamba amoyo. Mwa makanda, amakhala ndi mutu waukulu, thupi laling'ono ndi miyendo yayitali. Atangobereka, amayimirira ndi miyendo yawo, ndipo, akuyenda mosavutikira ndikugwa nthawi zambiri mzere, amayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono.
Kuyambira kuyambira zaka zitatu, ma acomise ang'onoang'ono amakhazikika pakulimbitsa thupi, panthawi yomwe anzawo a mitundu ina ya mbewa, kwa nthawi yayitali amafunikira kutentha kwa amayi.
Yaikazi imasamalira ana kwa milungu iwiri, kunyambita mosamala ndikudyetsa mbewa zake ndi mkaka. Munthawi imeneyi, banjali limakhala pogona, ndipo atakula, ana amtunduwo amachoka pogona ndikuyamba kupanga gawo loyandikana nalo. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwachinyamata kumayamba kudya zakudya zomwezo ngati akulu. Makoswe a singano, ngati pakufunika kutero, amatha kuthana ndi amayi awo kuyambira tsiku la 6 la moyo, koma ngati ali pafupi, amakhala okonzeka kuyamwa mkaka wawo kwa masabata atatu kuyambira nthawi yobadwa.
Kwina kwa mbewa za singano ndi West Asia, Saudi Arabia, zilumba za Kupro ndi Krete, ndi ambiri ku Africa.
Akomis amakhala m'malo owuma monga dambo komanso zipululu, amakonda kukhala m'malo amiyala ndi mchenga. Amabisalira m'makola omwe amakonza pakati pa olemba miyala ndi miyala. Ku Africa, munthu amatha kuwona nthawi yomwe nyama izi zimakhala ndi malovu opanda chiswe.
Tsopano makoko awa amatha kupezeka mukukhala zachilengedwe ku Africa, Asia ndi kum'mwera kwa Europe, ndipo monga ziweto, zimagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Moyo wachilengedwe
Ntchito za mbewa za singano zimachitika madzulo ndi m'bandakucha. Masana amabisala m'misasako momwe amadikirira kutentha. Amakumba timabowo tating'ono pansi kapena kukhazikika m'timabowo tosiyanasiyana. Zokha sizimapanga mayendedwe ndi mabowo akuya motero. Nthawi zambiri m'misasa ya akomis mumakhala ming'alu m'matanthwe ndi malo pakati pa miyala.
Nyama izi zimakwera mitengo bwino, ndipo nthawi yamavuto amabisala m'misala, ndipo ngati sizingatheke, amathawa. Makoswe a spiny amatha kuthamanga mpaka ma kilomita 15 patsiku. Nyama, yoyendetsedwa mopanda chiyembekezo, imakweza singano ndi "kutupira", potero kuyesera kuwoneka yayikulupo kuti iwope adani.
Akomis amakhala m'magulu, chikhalidwe chawo ndi masanjidwe, momwe mkazi wapamwamba kwambiri (alpha wamkazi) amalamulira. Amuna amakhala m'magulu awo aulamuliro, kuchita nawo nkhondo zomwe amapanga.
Mamembala onse a gulu lokhazikika samasemphana chakudya, koma samalani wina ndi mnzake. Akazi omwe pakali pano sasamala ana awo amathandiza ena pakubala ndi polera ana. Nthawi zambiri amayi ena amadyetsa ana amasiye otsala. Akasamukira kumalo okhalamo, nyama zokalamba zimasuntha ana, zonse ndi zina, palimodzi kukonzekera malo ogona. Khalidwe lotere limakhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu ndimaganizo ndipo limapangitsa kuti nyama zizikhala movutikira m'malo owuma komanso malo owuma, koma zimatheka pokhapokha ngati mbewa za singano ndizogwirizana kwambiri.
Makoswe awa ndi nyama zoyera kwambiri. Amaunikira mosamala mkhalidwe wamakhalidwe awo ndi ena. Motere, maenje awo amakhala oyera nthawi zonse, achichepere amakhala okonzekeratu, ndipo chimbudzi chimakhala pamalo osafunikira.
Adani akuluakulu a ma Akomis ndi mbalame, nyama zoyamwitsa komanso zodyera. Ayeneranso kupikisana ndi ma gerbils popereka chakudya.
Pachakudya, mbewa za singano sizokomera, zimadya zonse zokhazikitsidwa ndi nyama komanso nyama. Ngakhale amakhala omasuka, akomis amakonda njere ndi chimanga. Zakudya zawo m'chilengedwe zimakhala ndi zitsamba, tirigu, mphukira za dothi, arthropods (nkhono ndi tizilombo), komanso pamaso pa zinthu zokometsera, mbewa ndizosagwirizana konse ndi kukhalapo kwa magwero amadzi.
Tizilombo timeneti timakhala m'malo otetezeka pomwe zinyalala zimamera.
Mosiyana ndi hamsters, mbewa, ndi makoswe, Akomis alibe fungo losasangalatsa, lomwe limadziwika ndi makoswe ambiri. Kuti azisungidwa m'nyumba, galasi la aquarium ndi loyenereradi, lotsekeka bwino pamwamba ndi mauna abwino. Kwa makoswe asanu, kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 90x30x40 cm.
Ngati khungu lasankhidwa kukhala malo osungirako mbewa za singano, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kukula kwa maselo ake sikuyenera kupitirira 1x1 cm, chifukwa ma acomis amatha kukwawira mumabowo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri komanso mozungulira. Chofunikira pa thanzi la mbewa ndi kusowa kwa chilichonse cha pulasitiki m'nyumba yawo yatsopano, chifukwa amadzidzikwirira ndipo chitha kuvulala kwambiri ndikumeza pulasitiki.
Malo osungirako zinyama kapena chinyama ndi nyama ayenera kukhala pamalo opanda phokoso, otetezedwa kuti asayang'ane ndi dzuwa, ndipo sipayenera kusungidwa kuzungulira mozungulira.
Monga filler, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena chimanga, chifukwa utuchi ndi udzu zingayambitse vuto la mbewa. Kusintha kwa kama kumachitika ngati kuli kofunikira, chifukwa ma akomis ndi nyama yoyera kwambiri ndikupita kuchimbudzi m'malo osankhidwa mwapadera. Kuti apange chisa, nyama zimayenera kupatsidwa udzu, udzu, mapepala oyera oyera, mbewa, ndi nsanza za thonje. Kutentha mkati mwa aquarium kumayenera kukhala madigiri 25 - 27, okhala ndi chinyezi 30 - 50%.
Ngati mbewa za singano, malo omwe akukhalamo ndikofunika kwambiri, kotero muyenera kuyika pansi, masitepe, zingwe, mapaipi, nthambi, mabatani, etc., m'malo omwe amawakonzera.
Mosakayikira, akomis amafunika gudumu, chifukwa awa ndi makoswe kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito. Dongosolo lake siliyenera kupitirira 13 cm, ndipo pansi liyenera kukhala lolimba, chifukwa mwinanso, mbewa imatha kuvulaza pawindo lake kapena kutaya mchira wake.
Akomis amabala bwino mu ukapolo pokhapokha ngati pali malo okwanira mu aquarium. Makoswe ang'onoang'ono amapatulidwa ndi makolo awo ali ndi chaka chimodzi kupita ku gulu lanyama wamba. Simungasunge nyama zazing'ono padera, popeza zimayamba kukhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana amisala, ndipo sizitha kulankhulana ndi mtundu wawo.
Makoswe otumphuka ndi nyama zausiku chifukwa chake, aliyense akapita kukagona, amayamba kusisita zofunda, kukukuta pazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikuyenda kuzungulira m'madzi.
Makoswe onunkhira ndi owopsa ndipo samakonda kudya. Amadyedwa ndi zakudya zamafuta komanso nyama. Zikasungidwa kunyumba, zakudya zake ziyenera kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku mbewu, monga: mbewu zosiyanasiyana, chakudya cha mbewa, oatmeal, oats, zipatso, masamba abwino kapena owuma ndi zipatso, mtedza, zinyenyeswazi za mkate, mbewu za mpendadzuwa, mbewu ya canary, tirigu, mapira, dandelion wobiriwira. Kuchokera nyama - crickets, mphutsi za ufa, mbozi ndi nkhandwe, ntchentche, agulugufe.
Makoswe sayenera kudyetsedwa kuti awonongeke, amchere, opaka, mafuta ndi chakudya chokonzera anthu ndi chakudya cha nyama zina. 1 - 2 pa sabata, akomis ayenera kupatsidwa nthambi za mitengo yazipatso, msondodzi ndi mapulo.
Madzi oyera amayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse, ngakhale mbewa zimapeza chinyezi chonse zomwe zimafunikira muzomera zabwino.
Zakudya zamitundu mitundu komanso zopatsa thanzi, ndibwino kuti musamaope kuyamwa akomis, chifukwa sangadye zoposa zomwe amafunikira.
Pokhapokha pokhapokha pakusunga malamulo osunga ndi kudyetsa, ndizotheka kuonetsetsa kuti nyamazo zimamva bwino ukapolo.
Nyama zing'onozing'ono zodabwitsazi zimatchulidwanso kuti akomis (kapena Acomys Cahirinus). Ali m'gulu la mindandanda yamaubongo. Kulemera kwa nyama yachikulire sikupita magalamu 50, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi (limodzi ndi mchira) sikufika mpaka 14. Chizindikiro chosazolowereka cha mpheteyi ndi kukhalapo kwa singano pamsana pake. Mtundu wawo umachokera ku ubweya wakuda mpaka imvi. Mtundu wa nyamayo mwina ndi ya bulauni, ndipo mtundu wakewo umatengera zaka. Makoswe achikulire ali ndi khungu lakuda kuposa ang'ono. Kuyambira pansi, thupi la nyama limakutidwa ndi ubweya wopepuka. Amuna okhwima amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi zazikazi ndi nyama zazing'ono chifukwa cha ubweya wakuda pakhosi, ndikupanga otchedwa mane. Mchirawo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe osokoneza ndipo umathyola mosavuta. Phokoso la nyama ndi lalitali komanso laling'ono, maso amafanana ndi mikanda yakuda, makutu ake ndi ozungulira, akuluakulu komanso amasamba. Ndevu zazitali za vibrissa zimathandiza nyamayo kuyendayenda kuthengo. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndiyifupi ndipo uli ndi mapazi akulu.
Physiology:
Nyama izi sizikhala ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, chipangizidwe cha matupi awo chimakhala ngati oimira makoswe. Chofunikira chokhacho cha akomis ndi kuthekera kwake kutulutsa mchira wake ukakhala pangozi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu omwe amakhala ochepa matupi nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuthengo. Kuthekera kwa kubereka mwa nyama izi kumawoneka kale miyezi 2-3, nyengo yakukhwima imayamba kuyambira pa febulo mpaka Seputembala. Yaikazi imabereka ana kwa masiku 42, zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ana atatu wolemera pafupifupi 6 g iliyonse. Zitsamba zimabadwa "zokhala ndi zida zokwanira", zokhala ndi maso otseguka komanso zokutidwa ndi ubweya. Ali ndi miyendo yayitali, thupi laling'ono ndi mutu waukulu, kuyesera kuyenda akangobadwa. Kuyambira ndi masiku atatu, nyama zimatha kukhalapo popanda kutentha kwa amayi komanso kusungitsa kutentha kwa thupi pokha. Masabata awiri oyamba amoyo, zinyalala zimapatsidwa mkaka wa amayi ndipo osachoka pogona. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, mbewa zimatuluka kunja ndikuyamba kukulitsa malo. Ma akomis ang'onoang'ono amatha kukhala opanda mayi pambuyo masiku 6 kuchokera pakubadwa, koma ngati amayi ali pafupi, amayamwa mkaka m'milungu itatu yoyambirira.
Kufalikira kwa mbewa ku Egypt:
Mtundu wamtunduwu ndi wofala ku Africa, Saudi Arabia, kumadzulo kwa Asia, Kupro ndi Kerete. Mbewa za Spiky zimakonda nyengo yotentha ya savannah ndi chipululu chocheperako, zimakhala m'malo amiyala ndi mchenga. Ku Africa, amatha kukhala m'malo osiyidwa. Masiku ano, makoswe amakhala ku Africa, Asia ndi kumwera kwa Europe, ndipo monga ziweto ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Moyo wamtundu wa mbewa ya ku Egypt:
Nyamazi zimagwira usiku ndi m'bandakucha. Masana, amabisala pamatope obisalidwa ndi makoswe ena, popeza iwo sadzipangira okha nyumba. Amathanso kukhala pamiyala ndi zokumbira m'miyala. Akomis amatha kukwera mitengo, amathawa zoopsa kapena kubisala m'misala. Nyama yotere imatha kuthamanga mtunda wa pafupifupi 15 km pa tsiku. Akomis akamva kupindika, amasungunula chovala chake ndi singano kuti aoneke wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wamkulu. Mbewa ku Egypt amakhala m'magulu momwe masisitere amawalamulira (wamkulu ndiye wamkazi). Omwe ali mgulu lomwelo amadya ndi kugona limodzi, kusamalirana wina ndi mnzake, kuthandizira pakubala, akazi amatha kulera ana amasiye. Pofuna kusamukira kudera lina, achikulire omwe ali m'gululi amasamutsa ana awo ndi osawadziwa. Kuyanjana kotere kwa akomis kumawathandiza kuti azitha kukhala movutikira, koma zimatheka pokhapokha nyama zonse zikhale zapafupi.
Nyama zimasamalira mawonekedwe awo bwino kwambiri. Ana awo amakhala oyera nthawi zonse, ndipo chimbudzi chimakhala malo amodzi. Choopseza chachikulu pa nyamazi ndi mbalame, zolengedwa zam'madzi komanso zolengedwa. Omwe akupikisana nawo pofufuza zakudya za akomis ndi majeremusi.
Ndodo izi ndizopatsa chidwi, koma zimakonda zokolola ndi chimanga. Kwa iwo, chakudya chabwino ndi tirigu, mphukira za udzu, tizilombo, nkhono, ndipo ngati zakudya zamafuta zili ndi chakudya, mbewa sizingadalire madzi okha. Nyama zimakonda kudya m'malo osakhala otetezeka komwe chakudya chotsalacho chimatulutsa ndipo zambiri zimamera.