Kukhazikika kwa nkhanu - kuponyedwa kumandalama kuchokera 40 ° C. w. mpaka madigiri 30, ndikuphatikizanso gombe lakummawa kwa South ndi North America.
Zosiyanasiyana zimachokera ku Island Santa Catarina kupita ku Brazil. Mitundu ya nkhanu imenekonso kudera la Bermuda; mphutsi zimapezeka kumpoto pafupi ndi Woods Hall ku Massachusetts, koma palibe anthu achikulire omwe adapezeka pamtundawu.
Zizindikiro zakunja za nkhanu ndi mizukwa.
Korona - ghost - ndi kakhola kakang'ono komwe kamakhala ndi chipolopolo chotalika pafupifupi masentimita 5. Mtundu wa mawonekedwe ake ndiwowoneka ngati udzu wachikasu kapena loyera. Carapace ndi quadrangular, yozungulira kumapeto. Kutalika kwa carapace kuli pafupi zisanu zisanu ndi chimodzi m'lifupi mwake. Pali tsitsi lalitali kumaso kwa miyendo yoyamba. Ziphuphu zazitali zopanda pake (zikhadabo) zimapezeka pamiyendo yolingana ndi kuyenda kwakutali. Maso ali ngati mawonekedwe. Wamphongo nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu kuposa wamkazi.
Kubwezeretsanso nkhanu - matayala.
Kubalanso nkhanu - mizukwa imachitika mchaka, makamaka mu Epulo - Julayi, imatha kukwatirana nthawi ina iliyonse ikatha msinkhu. Gawoli ndi logwirizana ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi. Matenga amapezeka nthawi yomwe chinsalu chotentha chimayamba kukhazikika ndikuuma. Nthawi zambiri nkhanu zamphongo zimakhalira paliponse kapena kumwambo wamwamuna.
Zachikazi zimatha kubereka pomwe kukula kwa zipolopolo zake kupitirira 2,5 cm.
Male carapax mu nkhanu okhwima 2.4 masentimita. Nthawi zambiri, nkhanu - mizukwa imapereka mwana wazaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.
Yaikazi imanyamula mazira pansi pa thupi lake, pakupaka pathupi, imalowa m'madzi kuti mazira akhale onyowa komanso osaphwa. Zina zazikazi zimakhazikika m'madzi kuti zithandizire kupezeka kwa chinyezi komanso kupezeka kwa mpweya. Mwachilengedwe, nkhanu zauwamuna zimakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka zitatu.
Zomwe zimachitika pa nkhanu - kuponyedwa.
Mamba - mizukwa nthawi yayitali usiku. Ma Crustaceans amapanga mabatani atsopano kapena kukonza akale m'mawa. Kumayambiriro kwa tsiku, amakhala m'malo awo ndikubisala mpaka dzuwa kulowa. Burrows imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 0,6 mpaka 1.2 metres ndi pafupifupi mulifupi womwewo. Kukula kwa khomo ndifanana ndi kukula kwa carapace. Aang'ono, akhwangwala ang'onoang'ono amakonda kupanga mabowo pafupi ndi madzi. Mukamadyetsa usiku, nkhanu zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali mamita 300, motero sizibwerera tsiku limodzi tsiku lililonse. Ghost imakhala yozizira nyengo yawo yozizira kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Mtundu wina wa crustacean umasangalatsa mosinthika ndi moyo padziko lapansi.
Khwangwala - mizukwa nthawi ina imathamangira kumadzi kuti inyowetse mpweya wawo, imatulutsa mpweya wokha munthawi yonyowa. Koma amathanso kulandira madzi kuchokera kumdothi lonyowa. Akalulu amadzanja amagwiritsa ntchito tsitsi losalala lomwe lili m'munsi mwa malekezero kuti azichotsa madzi kuchokera kumchenga kupita kumageti awo.
Khwangwala - mizukwa imapinda mumchenga wonyowa m'mbali mwa 400 mamilimita.
Amphaka amphweya amapanga mawu omwe amachitika pamene zipika zimagwera pansi. Vutoli limatchedwa stridulation, (kusisita), pomwe “mawu omveka” akumveka. Chifukwa chake amunawo amachenjeza za kupezeka kwawo kuti athetse kufunika kolumikizana ndiwopikisana naye.
Crab zakudya - mizukwa.
Ankhandwe - mizukwa ndi adani komanso oyenda pansi, amadya usiku wokha. Zomwe zimadyera zimatengera mtundu wa gombe momwe amkhodzawa amakhala. Ziwawa m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamchere, monga lamulo, zimadyetsa nsanja za mwala komanso nkhanu za mchenga wa Atlantic, pomwe zimagombe zotsekedwa zimadyetsa mazira ndi ana amphaka a kamba waukulu wam'nyanja.
Ankhanu am'madzi amasaka usiku nthawi zambiri kuti achepetse kuwopsa kwa kudya nyama zam'madzi, seagulls kapena rfishons. Akasiya mabowo awo masanawa, amatha kusintha pang'ono utoto wachikuto chofanana ndi mchenga wozungulira.
Ntchito zachilengedwe za nkhanu ndi mizukwa.
Ankhandwe - mizukwa m'chilengedwe chawo ndi nyama yolusa ndipo ndi gawo la chakudya.
Zakudya zambiri za crustaceans izi ndi zinthu zamoyo, ngakhale ndizoyeserera (zosankha) scavenger.
Ziwawa zam'mimba ndi gawo lofunikira mu chakudya, ndikuchita gawo lalikulu pakusamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku organic detritus ndi ma invertebrates ang'ono kupita kwa zilombo zazikulu.
Mtundu uwu wa crustacean umabweretsa mavuto pa kuchuluka kwa akambuku. Kuyesera kuyesayesa kuchepetsa kudyedwa kwa mazira amphanu.
Kafukufuku awonetsa kuti nkhanu zamzimu zimadya mpaka 10% ya mazira a akamba akamasaka, kuphatikiza, amawononga nsomba. Nthawi zina, amawononga mabowo ndipo amakopa ma fodya omwe amadyera nkhanu.
Crab - ghost - chizindikiro cha malo a chilengedwe.
Crabs - mizukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zizindikiro kuwunika momwe zochita za anthu pamagombe amchenga. Kuchulukana kwa crustacean anthu amatha kuwerengera mosavuta poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa mabowo omwe anakumba mumchenga m'malo ena. Kuchulukana kwa malo okhala kumakhala kumatsitsidwa nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo okhala ndi dothi chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Chifukwa chake, kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa nkhanu - mizukwa ithandizira kuwunika momwe ntchito za anthu zikuyendera munyanja yamchenga.
Mkhalidwe wa nkhanu ndi mizukwa.
Pakadali pano, amphona amzimu sakhala pangozi. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nkhanu ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa malo okhala chifukwa chomanga nyumba zogona kapena malo ochezera alendo apamwamba. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha nkhanu - mizukwa imafa pansi pa matayala a SUVs, chosokoneza chimasokoneza njira yodyetsera usiku ndi kuzungulira kwa crustaceans.
Kukhazikika kwa nkhanu ndi mizukwa.
Ankhonya am'madzi amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Amapezeka m'malo omwe ali ndi magombe otetezeka kwambiri. Amakhala m'malo a supralittoral zone (kasupe wamtunda wamtunda), amakhala m'mphepete mwa mchenga pafupi ndi madzi.
Korona wamzimu ndi msaki wamoyo yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala moyo wachisangalalo. Crab iyi imayenda bwino, nthawi zambiri anthu akuluakulu amatha kugwira mbalame zazing'ono.
& nbsp & nbsp Gulu - Crustaceans
& nbsp & nbsp Mzere - Ma Decapod
& nbsp & nbsp Mitundu / Mitundu - Ocypode
& nbsp & nbsp Zambiri:
ZINSINSI
Mtundu: tan, chimasulira chinyama chija mumchenga.
Kukula kwa Carapax: m'lifupi masentimita 5, kutalika 4 cm.
Kufalitsa
Kutha msinkhu: kuyambira wazaka 1-2.
Nthawi yobala: chaka chonse ngati nyengo ili yabwino.
Chiwerengero cha mazira: pafupifupi mazana angapo.
Makulidwe: Masiku 10.
LIFESTYLE
Zochita: munthu wosungulumwa, amakhala m'mphepete mwa madzi ndipo amabisala, amabisala pakati pamiyala, amatuluka pobisalira pamafunde, amachita izi masana.
Chakudya: zovalazo ndi nyama zazing'ono.
NKHANI
Oimira ena angapo amkhola a decapod, kuphatikizapo shrimp, nsomba zazinkhanira, nkhanu ndi nkhanu.
& nbsp & nbsp Khwangwala wa mzukwa ndiwabwino kwambiri: ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhanu zonse. Carapace yake ndiyopepuka modabwitsa, imathandiziranso kayendedwe ka nkhanu za pamtunda. Crab ghost imatha kuthamanga kwambiri mpaka mamita awiri pamphindi, zomwe zimathandiza nyamayo kubisala kwa yomwe imadyera. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiye mwini wa masomphenya opangidwa bwino.
MUKUDZIWA KUTI.
15.08.2018
Crab ghost ghost, kapena ghost crab (lat.Ocypode quadrata) ili ndi dzina lakuthekera kuthamanga mwachangu. Pangozi yaying'ono, amabisala ndi nkhwidzi yapadera munyumba yake, ndizosatheka kupitiliza kucheza ndi munthu wosakonzekera.
Kuphatikiza pa talente zokulira, cholengedwa ichi chimatha kupanga mawu opanda phokoso, kukumbukira kukukangana kwa zinthu zachitsulo pagalasi. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti atamva koyamba ngati izi kwa nthawi yoyamba, alendo okopa chidwi amagwera mumdima pang'ono ndikuyamba kumva kukhalapo kwa magulu ankhondo ena pafupi ndi munthu wawo.
Nyamayi ndi ya banja la Ocypodidae. Mmodzi mwa abale ake apamtima ndi nkhwangwa zokongoletsa, kapena kuti violin (nkhonya za Uca). Alibe talente yanyimbo, amangokhala ndi zovala zazikulu. Kusuntha kwake pamene amadya pang'ono ndikukumbukira za kusewera ndi vayilo.
Khalidwe
Zoyimira zamtunduwu ndizochulukirapo padziko lapansi. Popeza amatha kukhala m'malo am'madzi nthawi yayitali, amafa. Amadikirira mafunde omwe amakhala munthaka zapansi panthaka awiri otuluka pamakona pafupifupi 45 °. Kuzama kwake kumafikira mamita 2. Kuchokera pamwambapa, kutuluka kumafanana ndi mapiramidi amchenga. Madzi akulu asanafike, mizimu yamkuntho imakhazikika mwamphamvu mkati mwake. Ndi isanayambike mafunde ochepa, amasankhidwa pamtunda.
Zochita zimadziwonekera usiku ndi usiku. Izi nkhanuzi zimayenda mofulumira kwambiri. Maonekedwe a zilombo zam'madzi amawapangitsa kuti azikumba mchenga kapena kudumphira m'madzi.
Pazitali zazifupi, amafikira kuthamanga mpaka 20 km / h.
Korona wa Ghost amatulutsa mitundu itatu yamtundu wamawu, kuchenjeza amtundu anzawo za kupezeka kwawo. Amapukutira nsapato zake pamchenga ndi kutulutsa kanthu kena kamene kamakhala kaphokoso. Miyendo yotsalira imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda.
Chakudyacho chimakhala ndi ma bollus, tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ndi tizilombo, makamaka ntchentche. Chithandizo chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi ma donax truncated bivalves (Donax trunculus) ochokera ku banja la a Donacid, Atlantic mole crabs (Emerita talpoida), ndi ena oimira gulu la anomura info. Mukapezeka mwayi, makanda osungidwa amphaka (Caretta caretta) ndi carrion amadyedwa.
Kufotokozera
Kutalika kwa thupi la akulu kumafika 40 mm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 50 mm. Amuna ndi okulirapo poyerekeza ndi akazi. Carapace ndi lalikulu kutsogolo kwa carapace. Miyendo ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo ili ndi magawo asanu.
Flat komanso chifupi chaching'ono chidakutidwa ndi ma spikes oteteza. Maso akuda pamiyala yayitali amapereka malingaliro okongola. Amatha kuzungulira mbali zosiyanasiyana, kukulolani kuti muwone 360 °.
Zovala zimakhala patsamba loyamba loyenda. Amapangidwira kuti azigwira ndikutsitsa chakudya pamkamwa.
Mtunduwu umachokera ku chikasu chowoneka bwino mpaka imvi ndipo umakhala ngati wofinyira mchenga.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhanu yam'madzi yaku Atlantic mu vivo sikupitilira zaka 3-4.
Msonkho
Chifundo Ocypode idapangidwa koyamba ndi katswiri wa zamagetsi waku Germany Friedrich Weber mu 1795 pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wamtundu khansa ceratophthalmus anafotokozedwa ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Germany Pallas mu 1772. Dzinali limachokera ku Greek. ocy- (“Fast”) ndi ( podos , "Phazi"), mogwirizana ndi kuthamanga kwa nyama.
Ocypode kale anali mtundu wokhawo womwe sunatchulidwe pansi pa mzimu wa nkhanu za Ocypodinae mpaka 2013, pomwe Katsushi Sakai ndi Michael Turkay adasinthanitsa Gulf of Mexico ngati nkhanu yodzipatula. Hoplocypode . Ndi wa banja la Ocypodidae. Mzimu nkhanu Hoplocypode ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi omwe ali Ocypode mwakuwunika ma gonopod awo. M'mbali yoyamba ya gonopod yoyamba ili ndi nsonga yokhala ndi ziboda zovuta, koma kumapeto kwake ndi yosavuta komanso yopindika.
Kugawa
Ocypode mizimu yankhandwe imapezeka m'malo otentha padziko lapansi. Mitundu itatu imapezeka mu Nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi imodzi yam'mphepete mwa Pacific kumpoto kwa South America. Mitundu yotsalayo imapezeka kumadzulo kwa Pacific ndi Indian Ocean mpaka kumapeto kwa kumwera kwa Africa.
Ocypode pakadali pano pali mitundu 21 yovomerezeka. Ghost crab yemwe kale amadziwika kuti O. chakumadzulo adamasuliridwa munjira yake Hoplocypode mu 2013 O. longicornuta , O. platytarsis , O. pygoides ndi O. Sinensis adadziwika kuti ma syonyms ochokera ku O. ceratophthalma , O. brevicornis , O. convexa ndi O. cordimanus motero.
Zinyama zamtchire
Crab ghost, kapena amatchedwanso nkhanu yamchenga, ndi nkhanu wamba mmaiko ambiri. Ku USA amakhala pagombe la Atlantic ku USA. Miyoyo mumabowo omwe amafika pakuya kwa mita 2. Momwe mafunde akuyandikira, amatuluka mumabowo ndikuyamba kuthamangira mumchenga kufunafuna chakudya. Ngati pali mabowo ambiri mumchenga, ndiye kuti ambiri mwa ma arthropod amatha kusambira pagombe. Samasunthira kutali kwambiri ndi mabowo awo, ndipo pachiwopsezo chocheperako amathamangira mmbuyo mwachangu kwambiri. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a 360 °, omwe amawalola kuwona mosavuta adani akuyandikira. Adapeza dzina chifukwa ngati sasuntha, amangophatikizana ndi mchenga, makamaka makamaka kwa nyama zazing'ono. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kuthamanga kwambiri, mpaka kuthamanga kwa 20 km pa ola limodzi.
Njira yosavuta yojambula Krabikov ili pafupi ndi mabowo. Ngati mungayime osayenda, simudzaloledwa kujambulidwa kuchokera patali, nthawi zina nitha kuwombera ndi mandala akuluakulu. Ndi mandala a telephoto, kuwombera ndikosavuta; chinthu chachikulu ndikugwira nyama yosiyanitsa, yosasunthika nthawi zonse. Popeza m'malo mwakuti nkhanu izi zimawononga ndalama zochepa, zimakonda kupuma m'matumba awo. Mu zithunzizi, kusiyanako kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti muzitha kuzindikira. Chilichonse chojambulidwa pa Canon 20D + Canon 500 / 4L + 1.4x teleconverter + mphete zowonjezera.