Milozo yam'madzi yotchedwa plidora ndi nsomba ya m'madzi oyera, oyimira banja la armored kapena pseudocomponent catfish.

Adalandira dzinali chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mafupawo omwe amakula m'mbali zonse za thupi lonse, omwe amapangika mafupa ndi mafupa. Thupi lonse la nsomba limakutidwa ndi mamba wandiweyani wopanga mawonekedwe okhazikika. Komanso, amphaka amphaka amatha kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana, kukumbukira kukukuta ndi kubuula. Mwachilengedwe, amachenjeza achibale za ngozi yomwe ili pafupi. Ma platidoras omwe amakhala m'madzi amtunduwu amatulutsa mawu amtunduwu wopsinjika kapena mantha.

Habitat ya mikwingwirima ya plidoras

Kwawo kwa nsomba zamtchirezi ndi ku South America, adapezeka ku Peru ndi ku Brazil. Amakhala m'madzi a Amazon, madera a mitsinje ya Orinoco ndi Essekibo. Ma Plidoras amakonda maiwe omwe alibe pang'ono kapena malo okhala ndi madzi osayenda. M'm mitsinje yaying'ono ndi madambo, amabisala pansi pamizimba yamitengo ndi pakati pamadzi am'madzi, komanso ndimapanga mchenga wofewa pansi pamtsinje.

Maonekedwe a mikwingwirima yamapuludiki

Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo woyambirira, adakondana ndi asodzi am'madzi ndipo adayamba kukhala anthu otchuka m'midzi yakunyumba. Mikwingwirima yoyera iwiri yoyera ikatambalala ndi thupi lawo lakuda kapena lakuda. Mikwingwiroyi imachokera ku ndalama za mphiri ndipo imalumikizana pamutu pakati pa maso. Thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso otambalala kupita kumchira.

Milozo yamikwingwirima (Platydoras mtengo).

Pamimba ndi kupukutira ndi utoto woyera, komanso gawo lamunsi la mutu. Mu nsomba zazing'ono, mtundu wake umawoneka bwino komanso wowala, ndipo ndi ukalamba umayamba kuzimiririka ndi kusalala. Zipsepse zamtchire ndizazikulu komanso zopangika bwino, zilinso ndi minga, ndipo kumapeto kuli mbambo yakuthwa. Mphepete zamkati mwa zipsepazo zimakhala ndi lingwe loyera palitali lonse. Mutu wa platidorasus ndi waukulu pakamwa komanso maso akulu.

Pa nsagwada zam'mwamba komanso zotsika pamakhala tinyanga. Awiriwo apamwamba amakhala pafupifupi 7 cm, masharubu am'munsi ndi awiriawiri: m'mbali (4-5 cm) ndi pakati (2-3 cm).

Milozo yamapulidiki okhala munthawi zachilengedwe imatha kukula mpaka 24 cm, ndipo imakulidwa mu aquarium pafupifupi 15-18 cm.

Amawonetsedwa ngati a zaka zana limodzi, m'malo abwino, nsomba izi zimakhala zaka 10 mpaka 10. Kusiyana pakati pa oimira nsomba izi ndi kochepera - nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala ochepa komanso ochepa thupi kuposa akazi.

Mapulatifomu amatha kuyandama pamwamba, kukulira pamwamba ndi pamimba ndipo potero amatenga chakudya kuchokera kumadzi.

Platidoras milozo mosadzichitira zokonza. Kwa awiriwa amtchire, ma aquarium okhala ndi malita 120-150 ndi oyenera. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa iwo ndi 25-27 ° C, pH pamlingo wa 6.5 - 7, kuuma mpaka 10 °. Sakonda mafunde amphamvu komanso kuwala kowala. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa ziphuphu zambiri, mapoto ndi grotto mu aquarium, kuti amphaka a catfish ali ndi malo ambiri obisalirako. Kuti apange malo okhala ndi mthunzi komanso malo okhala ndi kuwala, mbewu zoyandama ndi tchire zingapo zokhala ndi mizu yolimba zimayikidwa mu aquarium. Monga nthaka, miyala yabwino yokhala ndi m'mphepete kapena mchenga imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Madzi amasinthidwa pafupipafupi kamodzi masiku 10-14, pamlingo wa 30%. Kuthandiza bwino kumafunikira kwa anthu okhala m'madzimo. Plidoras ndi nsomba yamtendere; nsomba zamtundu uliwonse, kupatula zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimatha kuwona ngati chakudya, zimakwanira monga oyandikana nawo. Ndipo chifukwa cha chipolopolo chake, mbalameyi imakhala bwino ndi ma cichlids.

Milozo yamikwingwirima yamapulogalamu imangodya usiku wokha. Pakusowa chakudya, nsomba zing'onozing'ono zimadyedwa.

Monga nsomba zambiri zamtchire, mtunduwu umakhala usiku. Masana, amabisala m'matangadza, nkumangoyenda maulendo angapo kuti awone zomwe zikuchitika, ndipo pakuthawa mbaleyo amagwira ntchito ndipo amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Mutha kuwona omwe amakhala m'munsi yokha mchaka choyamba cha moyo wawo, ndiye kuti adakali otakataka masana ndikusuntha kuzungulira aquarium osayima.

Milozo yamikwingwirima ya plidoras kudya

Izi nsomba za pansi ndizopatsa chidwi, chifukwa chake mumatha kuwapatsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale platidoras si nsomba yoyera kudyetsa, komanso kudya chakudya chilichonse, muyenera kusankha zakudya zoyenera. Iyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni komanso zomera. Amphaka amtunduwu amadya mosangalala ma magazi am'madzi, coronetra, tubule. Chakudya chotere chimatha kukhala chamoyo komanso cha ayisikilimu. Mitundu yamitundu youma yamtundu wamitundu yonyira kapena mapiritsi nawonso ndioyenera. Popeza nkhaka zimakhala ndi chakudya chamadzulo, ndibwino kuzidyetsa mukazimitsa kuyatsa.

Chakudya cham'madzi cha Aquarium chikuyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Pafupifupi 20-30% ya zakudya iyenera kukhala masamba.

Kufotokozera

Platydoras armatulus ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zimatha kubadwa kunyumba. Mtunduwu umadziwika pakati pa ena chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwakunja chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Chithunzichi chikuwonekera bwino kwambiri m'madzi a nsomba. Kuthengo, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zakutchire zimatha kukula masentimita 20; m'malo otsekedwa, mapilididi amizeremizere amakula mpaka masentimita 15.

Nsomba zam'banjazi ndizosangalatsadi, chifukwa chake zimakhala zosangalatsa kuwayang'ana. Ngakhale kuti nsomba za mphaka ndizosaka usiku, pamaso pamalo abwino m'madzi, anthu ake amasangalala kufufuza gawo lawo. Ndi mtundu uwu wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mitundu yambiri ya nyama zam'madzi ndi mitsinje mu tank imodzi.

Milozo yamikwirayi imachokera ku banja la Bronyakov, komanso fanizoli limatchedwa bokoshechnikovye catfish. Dzinali limachitika chifukwa chachilendo pakhungu la nsomba, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zake, kuphatikiza, oimira banja ali ndi chishango champhamvu kwambiri chamatsenga ndikukula kwamafupa m'mizere yama thupi. Pali ma spikes pazotchinga zomwe zimapatsa nsombazo chitetezo chabwino. Komanso, nsomba za mphaka zimatchedwa "kuyimba", chifukwa cha dzinali phokoso lomwe zipsepse zamakutu zimatulutsa pakukhudza m'nkhokwe. Ndipo phokoso lanyimbozi limapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zoyambira.

Platidoras ndi olimba, anthu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati cylindrical, pamimba. Akazi, monga mtundu wina wa nsomba, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi amuna ambiri. Thupi limatha kupakidwa zakuda ndi zoyera, zofiirira zakuda ndi golide kapena mtundu wina. Kupukutira kwa anthu komanso gawo lakumapeto kwa zipsepse zamtchire kumakhala ndi kuwala. Mutha kuphunzirapo za zaka za mphaka potengera mtundu wake: momwe mungasiyanitsire mizere yathupi, zaka zambiri nsomba. Ali ndi mutu waukulu, maso ndi pakamwa nawonso ndiwofotokozera, ma polidorase ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba am'banja, omwe ali mbali zonse mkamwa. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mphaka ndi pafupifupi zaka 20 m'chilengedwe, ukapolo, moyo wawo ukhoza kukhala wocheperako.

Nsomba zokongoletsera zoterezi ndi zabwino kwa oyambitsa nsomba oyamba, popeza aliyense payekhapayekha safuna machitidwe apadera kuti azisamalira m'nyumba.

Kubala platidoras

Kuwaza kwa nsomba kumachitika makamaka ndi jakisoni wa zinthu za gonadotropic. Pali zochitika zochepa kwambiri za kubereka bwino kunyumba, ndipo, monga lamulo, izi zinachitika mosayembekezereka. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, zazikazi zimayikira mazira pansi pa mtsinje kapena mumtsinje, mu dzenje lokumbidwa, ndikugundika kumtunda. Chiwerengero cha mazira chimasiyanasiyana mozungulira 300. Nthawi yamakulidwe imatenga masiku atatu. Pambuyo pa masiku 5-6, mwachangu amasambira ndikudya okha. Catfish kutha kumachitika patatha chaka chimodzi.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire mkazi ndi wamwamuna?

Olera odziwa za nsomba zokongoletsera zam'madzi amalimbikitsa kuti azitsogozedwa ndi kusiyana kowoneka pakati pa oimira amuna ndi akazi a banja kuti aziwaona ngati amuna kapena akazi. Ponena za ma platidorase, muyenera kuyang'ana munthu yemwe mumakonda kuchokera kumtunda. Akazi okhwima adzakhala okulirapo, kuphatikiza, adzakhala ochulukirapo kuposa "anyamata". Uwu ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zazimuna ndi zazikazi zamamba amamba, omwe amayenera kuwongolera poyambira.

Malamulo Okhatikiza

Kuti musunge nsomba zam'madzi mu nsomba zam'madzi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zopangidwira malita 100-120. Woyambitsa usiku wowopa amakonda kukhala m'matanki okhala ndi kuwala pang'ono. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba pamwamba pamadzi ndi mbeu zosiyanasiyana. Mnyumba zimafunikira malo okhala, kotero mizu kapena mabatani okhala ndi ma voids ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa aquarium, miphika ya dongo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pansi pa maluwa ndiosankha, koma pamaso pa nsomba zina, kupezeka kwake kumaloledwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zimatha kupereka malo ena omata mu thanki. Pansi ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga kapena miyala yaching'ono.

Kuti muwone ma platidoras, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zowoneka ngati zofiira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira usiku, maso a nsomba samayankha mitsinje yofiira yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mumdima. Madzi mu aquarium ayenera kukhala ndi mulingo woyenera wa acidity, mitengo yoyenera ya pH ili pamtunda kuchokera pa 5.8 mpaka 7.5. Kwa catfish, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kosalekeza kuchokera ku +23 mpaka +30 degrees.

Pankhaniyi, kuwuma kwamadzimadzi kuyenera kukhala kosavuta kuyambira 2 mpaka 20N.

Chisamaliro cha Aquarium

Kuti nsomba ikhale yathanzi ndikukula bwino, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kuchuluka kwa madzi mu aquarium ayenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Kusamalira "nyumba" ya nsomba zamkati kuyeneranso kuchepetsedwa pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akusowa. Ndikofunikira kusungitsa bwino kuti madzi mu thanki azikhala momwe angathere ndi mpweya. Zomera zomwe zili mu aquarium ndi nsomba zimafunikiranso chisamaliro. Kuti apange kusambira kukhala kwabwino kwa nsomba, zomerazo zonse zitha kufupikitsidwa, matope oterera amatha kuchotsedwa, omwe amatha kukula pamasamba akuluakulu kapena mphukira. Ma Platidorases samadya zomera zamadzimadzi, motero amasinthidwa pafupipafupi, algae ochepa okha omwe ndi oyenera kudya.

Mchenga kapena miyala yoyera iyenera kukhala yaying'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndi bwino kungogwiritsa ntchito zodetsa zokha popanda zinthu zakuthwa.

Zodyetsa?

Mbalayi “yoimba” yomwe ili ndi mitambo ndi yopatsa chidwi, chifukwa ngakhale munthu wamba wazaka zam'madzi amatha kupereka nsomba moyenera. Pokonza ma proteinidorase, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zowuma pang'onopang'ono za mafakitale. Itha kukhala mumtundu wa mapiritsi kapena croquette. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kugula zakudya zokhazokha kapena zachisanu zomwe ndizoyenera kudya zidyamakanda. Ikhoza kukhala nyongolotsi zamagazi, nyongolotsi zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina zambiri. Kudyetsa kumachitika mumdima. Kuti mukulitse nsomba zathanzi, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti nsomba za catfish zimakonda kunenepa kwambiri, motero sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti ziziwononga, ngakhale zisanabadwe. Ndikothekanso kudziwa kuti nsombazo sizifuna chakudya koma pamimba yozungulira. Mwadzidzidzi m'mimba mwa Platidoras mukakhala lathyathyathya, mutha kudyetsa bwino.

Kuswana

M'malo otsekedwa, kuswana kwa nsomba ndizosowa kwambiri. Kuyika kwacaviar mwachilengedwe kumachitika m'mathanki okongoletsera pokhapokha, koma pazinthu izi, momwe aquarium ayenera kukhala yayikulu. Mwachilengedwe, zazikazi zimayikira mazira m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yaying'ono. M'masamba, nsomba zam'madzi zimatha kupanga zisa zachilendo pogwiritsa ntchito masamba, zidutswa za khungwa, etc. Mu chisa chotere, munthu wina amathawira kumbuyo, ndipo wachiwiri amasambira kuti umere ndi kubereka ana pambuyo pake.

Nyamayi imayandikira zaka ziwiri. Ophunzira m'madzi odziwa ntchito zam'madzi kuti akule, mwachangu, ndikusintha anthu angapo mchigoba chokha, komwe sikungapezeke kuwala kokwanira, koma kuyambitsa bwino. Nthaka yowala ikapangidwa pamenepo, momwe simudzakhala ndi ngodya zakuthwa. Kutentha kwamadzi kumasungidwa m'malo +27 - -27, pomwe mulingo wake suyenera kupitirira 20 sentimita. Asanatulutse, nsomba zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale chakudya. Choyamba, chachimuna chimasinthidwa m'thanki, chomwe chizigwira ntchito yomanga chisa. Ngati izi sizinachitike, mkaziyo amatha kuyikira mazira m'maenje amchenga kapena miyala. Danga la zisa zam'madzi nthawi zambiri limasiyanasiyana masentimita 3 mpaka 10. Pakuwonongeka, kuyimitsidwa kwanyumba kwa bream kapena sterlet nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa amphaka amphaka amphaka awiri, agulu awiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito umuna.

Nthawi zambiri, azimayi a platidoras amaikira mazira 300, izi zikangochitika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti makolo a ana amtsogolo adzachotsedwa mu aquarium. The makulitsidwe nthawi mwachangu ndi 48-72 maola. Kale pamasiku 5-6, mwachangu amatha kusambira komanso kudya pawokha. Poyamba, amalimbikitsidwa kupereka njenjete, ma microworms. Zinyama zodyera zazing'ono zimakula pang'onopang'ono, motero msodzi wa panyanjayi adzafunika nthawi kuti azisamalira ana. Nsomba zikangofika gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kukula kwa nsomba zazikulu, zimatha kukhazikika mu malo oyanjanitsa.

Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina

Catfish imanena za nsomba zam'munsi zomwe sizimakonda kuchita nkhanza kwa anthu ena okhala m'madzimo. Ndi anthu awa omwe amatha kuwerengera mosamala m'matanki amitundu yambiri momwe nsomba zazing'onoting'ono kapena zazikulu zimakhalapo. Komabe, kuyandikira kwa Mitundu yaying'ono ndikofunika kuyisiya, popeza pali kuthekera kuti adzadziwidwa ngati chakudya. Milozo yamikwingwirima pamiyendo ili ndi zida zabwino kwambiri, motero sachita mantha ndi mitundu ikuluikulu yokongoletsa ya nsomba zam'nyanja kapena zamtsinje. Soma ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku scalar, kusungidwa pamodzi ndi goura, tetra, ndi mitundu ina ya catfish, cichlids kapena cyprinids.

Nsomba "Zoyimbira" zimatha kukhala m'malo am'madzi m'magulu kapena payokha, koma poyambilira, mikangano ina imakhala yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa amuna. Gawo la malo okhala m'matanki omwe ali ndi mphaka za m'madzi amatha kuwonedwa.

Komabe, kuthengo, nyama zodyerazi, m'malo mwake, zimakonda kukhala m'magulu, motero zimadziteteza ku chiwopsezo cha okhala m'madzi akuluakulu, owopsa komanso owopsa.

Mu kanema wotsatira mupezanso zambiri zamtunduwu, kubereka, kudyetsa komanso kugwirizanitsa ma strid platidoras.