Zomenyera madzi
Wowombera madzi Gerris
Gulu la asayansi

Mamita amadzi (lat. Gerridae) - banja la tizilombo tokhala ndi mapiko awiri kuchokera pagulu la nsikidzi (Heteroptera). Pafupifupi mitundu 1700 imawerengeredwa, yomwe pafupifupi 10% ndi mitundu ya m'madzi. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu Gerris. Amakhala pamadzi. Kupangira madzi amadziwe amadziwe ndizofala ku Russia (Gerris lacustris).

Zizindikiro zakunja za wopota

Olowera madzi ndi tizilombo omwe dzina lawo limagwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wawo. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 700 yamamadzi am'madzi ndipo yonseyi imakhala m'madzi, yosavuta kuyang'ana pamwamba pamadzi. Ndi mawonekedwe awo apamwamba amafanana ndi boti laling'ono.

Zomenyera madzi (lat. Gerridae).

Mtundu woteteza m'mphepete mwamadzi ndi wa bulauni, woderapo, nthawi zina pafupifupi wakuda. Chida choterocho chimathandiza kuti mita ya madzi ikhale yosaoneka kwa mbalame kuthana ndimdima wakunja kwa matupi a madzi oyima.

Nthawi zambiri, mita yamadzi yomwe imakhala m'madzi akulu alibe mapiko, samangofunikira.

Ndipo kwa anthu okhala m'matumba ang'onoang'ono, mapiko ndiofunikira kuuluka kwina kuchokera kwina monga madamu amawuma. M'mphepete zamadzi izi, pansi pa elytra, mapiko olimba bwino obisika, koma tizilombo sizimawuluka.

Kufotokozera

Ma chingwe am'madzi ndi a gulu la nsikidzi zomwe zatha kukhala pamtunda wamadzi. Zimasunthasuntha osayenda bwino ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pamtunda. Chifukwa chake, maulendo am'madzi ali m'gulu la nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi filimu yamadzi ndipo zimatchedwa neuston. Mizere yamadzi imadziwika ndi thupi lowonda, lopanda kugwa, kukhalapo kwa proboscis m'malo mwa nsagwada zopindika ndi mapiko odutsa kumbuyo. Utoto wa thupi nthawi zambiri umakhala woderapo kapena woderapo, nthawi zina umakhala wakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera 1 mpaka 30 mm. Nthawi zambiri, maulendo am'madzi amakhala owonda, ali ndi nsapato zazitali zokhala ndi miyendo yayitali, yolunjika pakati ndi kumbuyo. Mutu wokhala ndi tinyanga yayitali, wopangidwa magawo anayi. Antennae amagwira ntchito yokhudza kukhudza ndi kununkhiza. Chovala chamutu chimakhala chofanana m'lifupi ndi prothorax. Ziwalo zamkamwa zimayimiriridwa ndi proboscis yokhazikika mwamphamvu, yopanga magawo anayi. Mwanjira yofatsa, nthawi zambiri phula limapindika. Maso ndi okulirapo, otambalala, akuwonekera pang'ono pamwamba pa mzere wakuthupi.

Miyendo yoyamba ili pomwepo kumbuyo kwa mutu pamphepete mwa prothorax. Imakhala yofupikirapo kuposa enawo, ndipo, idasandulika kukhala chiwalo chogwira nyama. Phazi lolumikizana awiri limatha ndi zala ziwiri zolimba. Miyendo yachiwiri ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imakhala kumbuyo kwanthawi yayitali ya mesothorax, ndichifukwa chake imasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi yoyamba. Miyendo yachitatu ili kumbuyo kwachiwiri ndipo ili pafupi ndi chifuwa chakumbuyo kwakanthawi. Chifukwa chake, miyendo yakutsogolo ndiyifupi, pakati komanso kumbuyo kumiyendo. Mchiuno mwawo ndi miyendo yakutsikira komanso gawo loyamba la phazi ndi lalitali. Zovala zapakati komanso kumbuyo kwa miyendo ndizochepa thupi kuposa zoyamba ndipo sizikhala kumapeto kwa phazi, koma patali pang'ono ndi izo. Mawaya ndi ophimbidwa ndi tsitsi losaluka. M'malo olankhula ndi thupi, miyendo imakhuthala chifukwa cha minofu yolimba. Chifukwa chakugawana miyendo kokwanira, kulemera kwa thupi la mita yamadzi kumagawidwa pamtunda wofunikira.

Mu mitundu ina, achikulire ali ndi mapiko opangidwa bwino omwe amaphimba pamimba lonse kuchokera pamwamba.M'matanthwe ena amadzi, mapiko amafupikitsidwa kapena kulibeko kwathunthu. Komabe, maulendo am'madzi samawuluka.

Thupi ndi nsonga za mapazi ndizaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba lamadzi losakhazikika, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a hydrophobic (onani lamulo la Cassier), chifukwa chomwe mita mita yamadzi imasinthidwa kuti izikhala madzi. Mphepete yamadzi imayenda, ikufalikira kwambiri ziwiriawiri yazitali ndi miyendo yopyapyala, pakati ndi kumbuyo. Mukasuntha, miyendo ya gulu lirilonse imabweretsedwa nthawi yomweyo, mosiyana ndi mtundu wamadzi Hydrometraamasuntha miyendo mbali iliyonse mbali imodzi. Zovala zazifupi zimaloza kutsogolo ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira nyama. Kuyambira kuchokera pamwamba pa madzi ndi miyendo yapakati, chingwe chamadzi chija chikuwoneka ngati chikudumphadumpha kuchokera pansi. Miyendo yakumbuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kayendedwe, kumakhala ngati chiwongola. Mukakumana ndi zopinga mutha kupanga mitundu.

Kuyenda kwamita yamadzi

Mizere yamadzi ndi njira zenizeni zosiyira pamadzi. Ndi miyendo yawo yayitali, amatha kuthamanga pamadzi, ngati skaker pamadzi oundana.

Mokumana ndi chopinga - mzere wa duckweed kapena mbewu zina zam'madzi, "skates" amapanga kulumpha mochenjera ndikugonjetsa chopinga ndi kulumpha mwamphamvu. Gawo lalikulu m'makina otere ndi la miyendo iwiri yakumbuyo. Mawamba a mita yamadzi amaphatikizika ndi mafuta ndipo samanyowa ndi madzi, chifukwa chake tizilombo timeneti timayang'ana mosavuta pamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pakusunthira gawo lotsatira la miyendo m'madzi pali zopindika zazing'ono. Malipenga am'madzi am'madzi amathandizira kuti madzi ayende kudutsa pamtunda popanda kuchita chilichonse komanso padziwe lamadzi komanso lopanda nyanja.

Asayansi atsimikizira kuti oyenda m'madzi amtundu uliwonse amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo ngati nkhumba - amayenda ndikutumiza chisangalalo kumadzi makamaka kudzera m'mphepete zam'mphepo zopangidwa ndi maudindo awo. Poyesa izi, ofufuza adapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kuyenda ngati chingwe cha madzi.
Mchizungu, chingwe cha madzi ndi "chingwe cha madzi" kapena "kuyenda pamadzi." Lobotiyo amatchedwa "robostrider", ndipo wopanga madzi wamatsenga adatha kudutsa pamadzi, monga mnzake mwachilengedwe.

Ikasunthira, gawo lamadzi limafalitsa miyendo yake, ndikugawana molemera thupi m'dera lalikulu.

Thupi lalitali lopapatiza lamadzi oyenda, ndikuyenda kolunjika komanso mwachangu, limabalalitsa bwino mpweya.

Mawonekedwe ake miyendo imaphatikizidwanso ndi kayendedwe kazirombo m'madzi: miyendo yopyapyala ya mkombero wamadzi pamalo olumikizana ndi thupi imakhuthala kwambiri, pali minofu yolimba yomwe imatenga gawo mwamphamvu.

Chingwe cha madzi sichingamire, ngakhale chikamizidwa m'madzi.

Mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi imakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera lomwe limakhala ndi zinthu za waxy, kotero madzi samanyowetsa thupi ndi miyendo ya mita yamadzi.

Chowonadi ndikuti thovu lakuthambo limasungidwa pakati pa tsitsi lalifupi kwambiri. Ndipo popeza kulemera kwa kachiromboka ndi kakang'ono, mpweya uwu umalepheretsa wovulalayo kuti asamire.

Moyo

Olowera madzi amakhala m'madzi oyenda komanso osayenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina amatha kupezeka pafupifupi madzi aliwonse, kuyambira mabowo ang'onoang'ono okhala pansi ndikutha ndi madzi am'nyanja. Masewera (Ma Halobates- - mtundu wamadzi am'madzi am'nyanja kuchokera kwa banja - tizilombo tomwe timene tidakhala munyanja ndikuyenda m'moyo wotere. Imapezeka pagombe pamalo otentha a Atlantic, Indian ndi Pacific Oceans (mitundu ina pamtunda wamtunda wamakilomita mazana kuchokera kumphepete). Zadziwika kuti ma halobate ena amatha kukhala pafupi ndi colonia hydroids veldella ndi porpita, amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati "raft".

Mitundu yafalikira ku Central Asia Ma Geterobates, omwe oimira ake adazolowera kukhala m'mitsinje wokhala ndi nyonga yolimba kwambiri komanso yamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake amakhala ku Syr Darya, Amu Darya, Vakhsh ndi mitsinje ina ikuluikulu.Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamtunduwu ndi Heterobates dohrandtizomwe zimatsutsana ndi zoweta.

Matenga nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Zazikazi zimayikira mazira m'chilimwe chonse ndipo mbadwo wina wachiwiri wa tizilombo umawonekera m'chigawo chachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, posungira ndi akulu ndizotheka kukumana ndi mphutsi za mibadwo yosiyana. Yaikazi imayika mazira m'madzi pang'ono masentimita angapo pansi pake, pafupi ndi mitundu ya zinthu zoyandama m'madzi. Kutalika kwa mazira sikupitilira 1 mm, mawonekedwewo ndi oblong-cylindrical, okhala ndi konsekonse. Mazira amatsatira kwambiri gawo lapansi komanso pakati pa wina ndi mzake ndi chinthu choyera chomwe chimapinda m'madzi. Mazira nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zomangira zam'mera zam'madzi kapena algae ndi mbewu zina. Kumanga kumakhala ngati chingwe chachitali cha jelly chokhazikika mpaka mazira 50. Gawo la dzira limatenga pafupifupi masiku 7. Mphutsi zimatuluka kumene kuchokera ku mazira pafupifupi 1 mm kutalika, chikasu, pakapita nthawi pang'ono zimakhala zakuda. Olimbana ndimadzi, ngati nsikidzi zonse, amadziwika ndi kusintha kosakwanira - mphutsi zawo pakukonzekera ndizofanana kapena zofanana ndi akulu, gawo laumwini kulibe. Mphutsi za mizere yamadzi imafanana ndi maonekedwe a tizilombo (akuluakulu). Kukula kwa mphutsi kumachitika ndi magawo 5 kapena 6. Zipere zimasiyana ndi akulu okulirapo komanso thupi lalifupi. Kukula konse kwa mphutsi kumatenga masiku 40.

Ozungulila madzi ndi adani olusa. Amadyetsa zokhala ndi ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono, makamaka tizilombo zomwe zatsikira pamadzi kapena zimayandama pamwamba pake kuchokera kumadzi. Makamaka, omenyera madzi amadya Podura yambiri, amakhala pamadzi, komanso udzudzu panthawi yomwe amachoka. Gawo lalikulu la zakudya limakhala ndi agulugufe ndi mphutsi zawo. Poona nyama, wothira madziwo amagwirizira miyendo yake yakutsogolo, ndikuigwetsa m'maso mwake ndikuthwa, ndipo, monga kachilombo, kamayamwa nyamayo.

Mitundu ya mapiko ikawuma m'malo osungira momwe akukhalamo imatha kuwuluka kwa ena patali mtunda wa makilomita angapo.

Panthawi ya mvula komanso yamphamvu yamkuntho, komanso nthawi yophukira, nthawi yachisanu isanadutse, imafika kumtunda. Ndi nyengo yozizira yomwe imayamba, ozungulira madzi amachoka m'malo osungira madzi ndikupeza chitetezo pansi pa khungwa la zitsa zakale kapena m'miyala. Pambuyo yozizira, nthumwi zoyimira zimalephera kuuluka, pamene minyewa yake youluka imasungunuka, ndikupatsa tizilombo tokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakusaka ndi kusaka.

Madzi chakudya

Olimbana nawo madzi ndi adani. Amadyetsa tizilombo komanso nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka pamadzi. Atapeza nyama yam'maso mothandizana ndi maso akulu otambalala, mdaniyo amathamangira kwa iye ndikugwira ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo, yomwe imawoneka ngati mbedza. Kenako chingwe chamadzi chija chimatulutsa timabowo takuthwa, ndikulikhuthula mthupi la womenyedwayo ndikuyamwa zamkati mwake. Pakakhala bata, mzere wamadzi umakhazikika pachifuwa. Olimbana ndimadzi amakhala ndi tinyanga yayitali, yomwe ndi ziwalo zonunkhira ndi kukhudza.

Mzere wamadzi ndi tizilombo tambiri.

Kufalikira kwa mizere yamadzi

Olimbana ndimadzi amaikira mazira pamasamba am'mera zam'madzi mzere umodzi, ndipo mazira amaphatikizidwa ndi chinthu chophatikizika. Kusintha kuli ngati chingwe chachitali cha jelly chokhala ndi mazira 50. Mitu ina imapangidwa popanda nkhani ya mucous ndipo imakhala ndi ma testicles angapo, atangokhala m'mphepete mwa pepala la chomera chamadzi, mu nkhani iyi, ma testes amafanana ndi mzere umodzi. Mitundu yaying'ono yamadzi yam'madzi imangomata mazira awo pachomera.

Tizilombo timayikira mazira m'chilimwe chonse. M'dziwe, limodzi ndi mizere yamadzi akuluakulu, mphutsi pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana yachitukuko ndizofanana ndi akulu. Amasiyana m'miyeso yaying'ono ya thupi komanso kutupa kwakanthawi kochepa.

Tizilombo tosanja madzi

M'dziwe, muli maulendo am'madzi, momwe mumakhala madontho ofiira m'thupi, awa ndi mphutsi zam'madzi zam'madzi (Limnochares), kudya magazi awo kuchokera kuzilombo zam'madzi.

Pali mitundu yamapiko komanso yamapiko yopanda mapiko amadzi.

Mawonekedwe a moyo wamiyendo yamadzi

Okwera madzi amayenda kwambiri pamadzi, koma sioyenera kuyenda kwakanthawi pamtunda. Chifukwa chake, mizere yamadzi pamtunda imasankhidwa pokhapokha nthawi yozizira. Amayenda mozungulira padziko lonse lapansi kufunafuna malo apadera. Tizilombo timabisala pafupi ndi madzi, pansi pa khungwa, m'miyala kapena m'miyala ya mtengo.

Miyendo yakutsogolo kwa mizere yamadzi ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa miyendo ina ndipo ndiyofunikira kuthola chakudya, kukankha kutali ndikusuntha, komanso kumenya.

Olima madzi samaphonya mwayi wosunga nyama. Popanda kugawa chidutswa, omenyera angapo amagwiritsitsa kuthamanga akutsamira kutsogolo kwawo, ndipo, osatha kukana, amagwa ndikukwera pamwamba pamadzi. Kuchotsera kumapita kwa munthu wamadzi wovuta kwambiri komanso wachinyengo, yemwe amatenga chakudya kumalo obisika ndikumawadyako, pomwe enawo amasemphana. Pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yakutsogolo, kachilomboka kamaongolera kuthamanga, ndipo miyendo inayi yotsalayo ndikuthandizira ndikuyenda ngati gudumu.

Amatha kuyamwa magazi amunthu.

Mitundu yamaulendo amadzi

M'malo osungira, pali mitundu yambiri yamanja oyenda ndi madzi, mitundu yodziwika: wopota wamkulu wamadzi, wopota wamadzi okhala ndi zida, Veliya, womata wamadzi, wochezera wamadzi ndi mitundu yoposa mazana asanu ndi awiri.

• Wowombera madzi ndi wamkulu. Thupi la kachiromboka limafika pa 17 mm kutalika. Imapaka utoto wofiirira thupi, ili ndi mapiko.
• Mzere wamadzi oyenda padziwewo ndi wautali wa 1 cm.Upakidwa utoto wakuda, miyendo ndiyopepuka, ndipo mikwingwirima yakuda imakhala m'chiuno cha kutsogolo. Amuna, pamimba ndi yakuda, mwa akazi - ofiira.
• Mzere wamadzi am'nyanja ndizochepa kuposa wachibale wamadzi abwino, pafupifupi 5 mm. Amathamanga kuthamanga kwa 3.5 km / h. Amagwira nsomba za jellyfish, physalium, amadya nsomba caviar. Amakhala munyanja zamchere za Pacific ndi Indian. Tizilomboti timamatira madzi otseguka, timatha kupezeka pamtunda wautali kwambiri kuchokera kumtunda. Alibe mapiko.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

Zinthu ndi malo okhala ozungulira madzi

Wowombera madzi - tizilombo tomwe timatha kuyenda pamadzi. Sikovuta kuwona zolengedwa zokondweretsa ngati izi pamtchire, ndikupumula m'chilimwe pagombe la dziwe lina.

Wowombera madzi Ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi maboti owoneka tating'ono, ooneka pang'onopang'ono pamadzi. Wowombera madzi (kalasi tizilombo) ndi mwini miyendo yayitali yopyapyala, mothandizidwa ndi iyo yomwe amayenda mosavuta pamadziwe, ofanana ndi skestever, luso komanso luso lomwe chilengedwe chimasamalira.

Thupi la zolengedwa zotere, monga momwe mukuwonera chithunzi chamadzi, kunja kofanana ndi wand. Mimba yawo ndi yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi tsitsi loyera, lokhala ndi chinthu china chapadera cha waxy, kotero thupi laling'ono la miyendoyo ndi miyendo yake sizimanyowa pamene ikuyenda m'madzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, thovu ndizomwe zimapangidwa pakati pa tsitsi laling'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo tisalole pansi pamadzi, ngakhale kuti kulemera kwawo kochepa kumathandizira izi. Uku ndikulongosola kwathunthu kwa chifukwa chiyani madzi am'madzi samaterera.

Mu chithunzi, cholakwika ndi madzi

Kapangidwe kake ka miyendo kamathandizanso kusuntha zolengedwa izi. Ngakhale ali oonda, amakula kwambiri pamlingo wolumikizidwa ndi thupi ndipo amakhala ndi minofu yolimba kwambiri yomwe imathandizira kukulitsa liwiro lalikulu poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa zolengedwa izi.

Kufotokozera kwamamadzi mutha kupitilizabe kunena kuti mitundu pafupifupi isanu ndi iwiri ya zolengedwa zazing'ono ngati izi imakhala muchikhalidwe. Malinga ndi dongosolo la nsikidzi, zomata zamadzi ndizomwe zimakonda kwambiri kachilombo kameneka.

Mwa zina zomwe zili zodziwika pali chingwe chachikulu chamadzi, chomwe thupi lake limafikira pafupifupi masentimita 2. Ili ndi mapiko ndi mtundu wofiyira.Mamita amadzi amadzi opitilira sentimita yopanda utoto wopaka utoto wakuda ndipo ali ndi miyendo yowala. Amuna ndi akazi a mtundu wamtunduwu wa tizilombo amatha kusiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wam'mimba, chifukwa poyambira imakhala yakuda, ndipo yachiwiri ndi yofiira.

Gawo la moyo wamadzi wapanja Kodi kutha kuzika mizu mumapompho owopsa mwamadziwe amadziwe amchere ambiri. Zamoyo zoterezi zimaphatikizira wopendekera madzi am'nyanja. Mitundu yake ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ngakhale poyerekeza ndi abale ake okhala ndi madzi oyera.

Kutalika kwa cholengedwa ichi kumangofika 5 mm. Zamoyo zolimba mtima izi, zomwe zimazolowera kuzama kwakuzama kwa nyanja, zimatha kupanga liwiro modabwitsa kwa zolengedwa zazing'ono zoterezi, zofanana ndi kuthekera koyenda pamtunda ndi anthu. Tizilombo timeneti timakhala ku Indian ndi Pacific Oceans. Zitha kuonedwa ngakhale mtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera pagombe.

Mitundu ndi moyo

Mizere yamadzi ndi tizilombo timene timakhala pamwamba pa matupi amadzi. Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi akangaude, onse amakhala ndi thupi loonda komanso miyendo yayitali. Komabe, moyo wawo nthawi zonse umalumikizidwa ndi madzi, amakhala m'madziwe, mitsinje ndi nyanja.

Zofunika! Pali maulendo am'madzi am'madzi omwe amayenda mtunda wautali. Nyanja ndi mitundu ya mitsinje imakhala pafupi ndi gombe. Amakhala nthawi zonse pagulu lalikulu, ndipo pamadzi anthu angapo amatha kuwonedwa nthawi imodzi.

Pambuyo nyengo yozizira, nsikidzi zimakonda kubisala. Amachita izi pafupi ndi udzu kapena dothi la m'mphepete. Amakhala nthawi yozizira pamtunda, wobisalira m'miyala, pansi pa miyala kapena pakati pa mitengo. Kutentha kukabwera, amadzuka ndikuyamba kuchulukana.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wamadzi wapanja

Kodi chifukwa chiyani mita yamadzi amatchedwa? Dzinalo la kachilombo limafotokoza molondola momwe limakhalira, chifukwa nthawi yonse yomwe nyama imakhalapo imakhalapo poyesa nkhope yake ndi miyendo yake yayitali, yomwe ndiyofunikira Kukhazikika kwa mzere wamadzi.

Tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndi eni magulu awiri, osiyana kukula, miyendo. Miyendo yawo yakutsogolo ndiyifupi kwambiri kuposa enawo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza, ngati mtundu wa chiwongolero, ndiye kuti amawongolera komwe akuwongolera komanso kuthamanga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ziwirizi wopota madzi—cholakwika imayenda pansi pamadzi, ngati wopalasa bwato, wogwirira ntchito ndi maudindo. Kuphatikiza apo, cholengedwa chamoyo ichi chimakhala ndi tinyanga yomwe imakhala pamutu pake, yomwe imatha kutulutsa ngakhale kusinthika kwambiri kosawoneka bwino m'madzi am'madzi, kutumikira ang'onoang'ono ngati mtundu wolandirira chidziwitso chofunikira kuchokera kudziko lakunja ngati ziwalo zogwira ndi zonunkhira.

Tizilombo timakhala ndi utoto wakuda, bulauni, nthawi zina pafupifupi mtundu wakuda, womwe umawateteza bwino, kuwapangitsa kuti asawonekere kwa adani, makamaka mbalame zodyedwa.

Pokhala wokhala m'madziwe komanso mapaipi opanda phokoso okha, komanso timayenje tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timayendetsa madzi timatha kuuluka kuchokera m'malo owuma mothandizidwa ndi mapiko otetezedwa obisika pansi pa elytra. Zowona, izi, tizilombo tosinthasintha sitimayendetsa ndege, zimapangitsa kuti kayendedwe ka ndege kawiri konse komanso kofunikira.

Ngati ali panjira omenyera madzi m'madzi zopinga zosayembekezeka zimadza, zomwe zimakhala zomera zamadzi kapena mafunde ang'onoang'ono pamadzi opanda phokoso, imatha kudumphadumpha, kukankhira mbali zake pamadzi, potero kuthana ndi chopinga chomwe chimalepheretsa kupita patsogolo kwake. Kudumpha komwe tafotokozayi kumamuthandiza kuchita miyendo yayitali yakumbuyo.

Monga kuyandama nsikidzi, wopota madzi imagwiritsa ntchito mawondo ake ngati nkhumba zachilendo. Koma mosiyana ndi achibale omwe atchulidwa, sioyenera kuthira pansi.

M'chithunzicho kamtsinje wamadzi amtsinje

Akukwera pamadzi ndi miyendo yake, amapanga ngalande zamadzi zomwe zimangothandiza mayendedwe ake ndikupangitsa kuti zisamayenda pamadzi opanda phokoso, komanso pamafunde amphepo yamadzi.Amakhala ndi miyendo yayitali ngati nkhumba, amaiyika kwambiri komanso mwaluso kugawa thupi lake m'malo ambiri kuti achepetse madzi.

Pokhala othamanga madzi othamanga, okwera madzi sakhala oyenera mayendedwe akuluakulu pansi, omwe amawalanda pokhapokha pakufunika kukhazikika mu "zipinda" zachisanu.

Pofunafuna malo abwino otetezeka, modzidzimutsa adawoloka. M'malo osiyanasiyana mumitengo ndi makungwa awo, komanso mbewu zoyenera, mwachitsanzo, mbewa, zimakhala malo awo ozizira.

Madzi chakudya

Chodabwitsa, cholengedwa chaching'ono, chowoneka ngati chosalakwa - kachilombo ka mzere wamadzi, ndi mdani weniweni. Zamoyo izi sizimangodya za abale awo okha, koma zimaphatikizanso nyama yofunikira kwambiri, kudya, mwachitsanzo, oyimilira ochepa a nyama zanyama zomwe zimapeza pakati pazinthu zawo zamadzi.

Amatha kuwona nyama yawo mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zoonekera, kutanthauza, maso omwe ali nawo. Kutsogolo kwawo kumakhala ndi zokoleza zapadera zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti agwire omwe akuwatsata.

Mwa zina, chingwe chamadzi chimakhala ndi chowongolera chowombera, chomwe chimayandama, kuyendetsa ndikuyamwa zofunikira. Ikadzaza, imapinda chipangizo chake, ndikugwada pansi pachifuwa, kotero, ma phenoscis samasokoneza kayendedwe ka mita yamadzi ndi moyo wawo wabwinobwino.

Madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amadya nsomba za caviar, amadya physalis ndi jellyfish. Zachilengedwe zidapanganso mitundu yamitundu ina yamadzi oyandama, madzi am'madzi, okhala ndi moyo chifukwa chogaya magazi a tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.

Mwa omenyera madzi, ndewu pakati pawo sizachilendo chifukwa chamisala, yomwe amayesetsa kuyisunga ndi kutsogolo. Amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yomweyo, akumenya nawo nkhondoyi ndi abale awo nawonso amawalanda zinthu zawo.

Tizilombo tofowoka kwambiri, chifukwa cholephera kugwirira, kuchotsa zomwe tikufuna, kutayika kwa miyendo yakutsogolo, nthawi zambiri timagwa ndikuwuluka mutu zidendene m'njira yosadziwika. Ndipo olimbirana mochenjera kwambiri komanso opusa amapambana, amathawa ndi mfuti kumalo obisika kuti akasangalale ndi zofunkha mwakachetechete.

Zozungulira pamoyo

M'nyengo yotentha, zazikazi zimayikira mazira awo pansi pa zomera zam'madzi. Mazira amatha kuikidwa padera kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Koma nthawi zambiri, mazira pamiyeso ya 40-50 amamangiriridwa limodzi ndi chinthu cha mucous m'njira yoti dzira likugona limawoneka ngati nthiti zazitali ndi zingwe.

Mphutsi za nsikidzi zam'madzi (nymphs) zomwe zimabadwa zimafanana ndi akulu. Amasiyana kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Amadyetsa, monga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, pa ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono.

M'nyengo yozizira, nsikidzi zam'madzi, monga oyimira ena a gululi, amabisala. Ndikayamba kuzizira, amayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasiya matupi awo amadzi. Madzi okhala pabedi lamadzi amafufuza mosamala - ming'alu yamakungwa, zokhala zakale, zinyalala zamasamba, pakati pa mapisi ndi mabango. Popeza tapeza malo oyenera, mita yamadzi imayamba kuzimiririka, imagwera makanema ojambula ndipo m'derali akuyembekezera nthawi yochepa yopepuka, kutentha ndi chakudya.

Chapakatikati, chisanu atasungunuka komaliza komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa kutentha, ozungulira madzi amadzuka. Akadzuka, amapezeka madzi ambiri omwe amakhala pafupi ndikuyamba kudya kwambiri. Nthawi ino ili ndi gawo lapadera m'moyo wamadzi athunthu, chifukwa pali kuyeretsa kwamphamvu pamadzi kuchokera kuzilombo zakufa ndi zinyalala zawo.

Mphutsi zam'madzi

Mphutsi zam'madzi zopangidwa ndi madzi zikudya nyama

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Mzere wamadzi wamkazi umayika mazira pamasamba a mbewu, ndikuwaphatikiza ndi chithandizo chapadera (pakuwoneka ngati chingwe chachitali, chokhala ndi ma testicles angapo). Ngati kupindika kwa ma testicles ambiri kumachitika, ndiye kuti michere ya mucous siyofunika.

Ndipo zazingwe zazing'onoting'ono, simungathe kuzichita popanda izi, chifukwa ma testicles sangakhale mu tinthu tofewa tambiri tazomera. Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi "chibadwa chabambo"; atatha kuswana aakazi, amatenga nawo mbali m'moyo wawo, mpaka kutsagana ndi mazira. Amateteza ndikuteteza chachikazi ndi ana.

Zofunika! Masiku onse a chilimwe, anthu okhwima mwakuchulukitsa amabereka ana. Mphutsi zimawonekera masabata angapo, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amakhala achikulire. Mutha kusiyanitsa achichepere ndi makolo ndi miyezo ya thupi, ndi zazifupi, zotupa za ana. Kutalika kwa moyo wamayendedwe amadzi ndi pafupifupi chaka.

Zomwe zimadyetsa madzi am'madzi, kubereka kwawo

Madzi amadzi ozungulira ndipo mitundu ina yonse ndi tizilombo todyedwa. Nthawi zambiri zimadyetsa nyama zazing'ono komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pamwamba pamadzi. Maso akulu otambalala okhala ndi masomphenya abwino amathandizira nsikidzi kudziwa nyama. Mawonekedwe a miyendo yakutsogolo ya wopota madzi amafanana ndi mbedza ndipo mothandizidwa ndi iwo amagwira nyama yawo. Amakhala ndi khungu lakuthwa, lomwe limapinda m'thupi la womenyedwayo ndikuyamwa zamkati mwake. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timaboweka pansi pa chifuwa.

Chifukwa chiyani kulumidwa ndi udzudzu kumayambitsa kutupa ndi kufiyira

Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa m'madzi mwangozi timakhala chakudya,

Komanso chakudya nsikidzi nsomba caviar, nsomba mwachangu, mazira a tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi zina akaphatikizidwa pagulu laling'ono, amatha kuthana ndi tizilombo tambiri. Kubayira timiyeso m'thupi la munthu wovutikiridwayo m'mphindi zochepa zokha, kumayamwa chilichonse chofunikira kuchokera pamenepo.

Pambuyo pa kukhwima, yaikazi ili kale pambuyo 1 sabata kuyikira mazira. Dzira lachikazi limakhala pakati pa masamba amadzimadzi am'madzi. Mitundu ikuluikulu imayikira mazira ake mu mawonekedwe a nthiti yoyera yomwe imakhetsedwa ndi ntchofu. Mu malo amodzi mumatha kukhala mazira 50. Mitundu yaying'ono yamadzi yamadzi amaikira mazira amodzi popanda gluing.

Nthawi yakukhwima ndi kubereketsa nthawi zonse kumachitika kutentha. Za pakati pa chilimwe m'badwo wachiwiri wa nsikidzi ukuwonekera. Pakadali pano, mutha kuwonera ozungulira madzi a mibadwo yosiyana. Mazira oikidwa mpaka 1 mm kukula kwake ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mphutsi zimatuluka. Poyamba, mphutsi zachikasu, koma kenako zimadetsedwa.

Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, tizilombo timataya mapiko awo ndipo timakhala anthu wamba.

Habitat

Mizere yamadzi wamba imakhala m'malo osungirako, pafupi ndi gombe, kuti mutha kubisala m'nkhokwe za zomera kuchokera ku nsomba. Anthu oyenda panyanja amakhala makamaka pagombe la Pacific ndi Indian Ocean. Mizere yamadzi opanda mchere imakhala pamwamba pa mitsinje, nyanja zopanda mphamvu, komanso m'maenje ndi mitsinje yaying'ono. Nthawi zambiri amasankha nyengo yotentha, yotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupulumuka nyengo yovuta kwambiri yamapiri.

Zochititsa chidwi kuchokera ku moyo wa omenyera madzi

1. Tizilomboti tili bwino thamanga pamadzi, kwa iwo ndi mbadwa. Pamtunda akumva kuti sanabatizidwe, chifukwa sangakhale komweko kwa nthawi yayitali.
2. Pofunafuna nyumba yabisanu yozizira, amayenda mozungulira mtunda. Nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira imakhala pakhungwa la mtengo, m'miyala kapena m'miyala ikuluikulu.
3. Migodi imangokhala yokha wachangu, wokalamba komanso wachinyengo, chifukwa samaphonya mwayi wolanda. Pomwe ena amalimbana pakati pawo, omwe amakhala osachedwa kulanda amatenga nthawi kuti agwire ndikuchita phwando mwapadera pamalo obisika. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha, nthawi zambiri imasaka nsomba zazing'ono ndipo zimaluma munthu.
4. Wowopsa ndi kachilombo Nthawi zonse kumwera kumwera. Mwachiwonekere, amawongoleredwa ndi dzuwa kapena chithunzi cha polarization cha thambo lamtambo. Munjira yomweyo iwo amathawa usiku.
5. Mu chilengedwe ali pachiwopsezo - nsomba ndi mphutsi zamadzi. Olimbana ndimadzi amapindulitsa zachilengedwe chifukwa ndi mdani wamkulu wa agulugufe othawa magazi. Chifukwa cha mita yamadzi, kuchuluka kwa mahatchi nthawi zonse kumakhala koyendetsedwa.
6. China chimodzi chofunikira - chakudya zotsalira za omwe akuimira olemekezeka a fauna. Nyama zing'onozing'onozi zimapindulitsa chilengedwe, madzi oyera komanso zimalepheretsa kuwola kwa nyama zotsala.

Mavuto ndi maubwino wamikwande yamadzi

Tizilombo toyamwa madzi sikuti tizilombo toopsa kwa anthu. Mutha kusambira mosamala m'madziwe momwe ma buguwa mulipo. Koma pakaopsezedwa, wopanga madzi akhoza kuluma. Komabe, kuluma kumakhala ngati jekeseni wopepuka popanda zotsatira zosasangalatsa.

Nsikidzi, ngati ziwerengero zake ndizambiri, zitha kukhala zovulaza kwa asodzi. Amadyanso nsomba zamtengo wapatali zam'madzi ndipo amamuyamwa mazira. Ngati pali mafunde ochepa amadzi, kuwonongeka kwa ntchito zawo ndizochepa.

M'malo mwake, maulendo amadzi amatha kukhala opindulitsa. Amagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mahatchi owononga magazi, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa anthu ndi nyama. Akavalo amaikira mphutsi m'madzi. Olimbana ndimadzi amadana ndi akuluakulu, mphutsi ndi kudyetsa mazira. Kukula kwa mahatchi amakula kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa nsikidzi zam'madzi, motero amaphatikizidwa m'magulu osaka. Gulu la oyenda ndimadzi amatha kudya mahatchi kwa ola lathunthu.

Gulu la omenya madzi akuukira gulugufe

Kodi chingwe cha madzi ndi chowopsa kwa anthu?

Zowopsa kwa anthu, tizilombo izi sizimayimira. Onse omwe akuwazunzidwa ndi ochepa kukula ndipo ali ndi malo osiyana. Komabe, nsikidzi zamadzi sizili zovulaza, ngati zisokoneza, zimatha kuluma. Zida zawo zosenda ndizowonda kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kuluma mosavuta kudzera pakhungu la munthu. Koma kuluma kwawo sikuvulaza thupi.

Malo ang'ono ang'ono atha kupezeka pamalo akukuluma, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwuma pang'ono. Kuti muchotse izi zomverera, malo omwe akukhudzidwawo ayenera kuthiridwa ndi ayodini. Zingwe zam'madzi otentha zimakhala ndi vuto laling'ono, chifukwa chakuluma kwawo sizingatheke.

Zotsatira za code zimatsalira kwa milungu ingapo, malo omwe akukhudzidwawo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala apadera, komanso kumwa ma antihistamines. Zowonongeka zazikulu zomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angachite ndikudya nsomba zosowa, zoyamwa zomwe zili m'matupi awo.

Mizere yamadzi ndi tizilombo tambiri ta m'madzi timakhala m'madzi, mitsinje, nyanja, ngakhale zitenje. Zachilendo kapangidwe ka mita yamadzi amathandizira kuthana ndi maulendo ataliatali komanso kusaka nyama. Si owopsa kwa anthu.

Kutalika kwa chingwe kwamadzi ndi pafupifupi chaka, nthawi imeneyi amabala ana. Chifukwa cha anangula pa tinyanga, yamphongo imapeza msanga mkaziyo ndikuyamwa. Pafupifupi mazira 10 amamasulidwa kuchokera kwa mayi m'modzi. Kuti muwasiyanitse ndi mitundu ina ya nsikidzi zamadzi, muyenera kuyang'ana mita yamadzi mu chithunzi.

Kodi nkhondo yolimbana ndi zingwe zamadzi ndi yofunika?

Nsikidzi zamphasa zamadzi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazolumikizana zachilengedwe. Monga tanena kale, amagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahatchi owononga magazi, kuwaukira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikudya.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti pamwamba pa dziwe pali tebulo lalikulu lodyeramo, pomwe maphwando amkati amakonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ndiye kuti ozimitsa madzi ndi chinthu chomwe chimapukuta zotsalira za chakudya patebulo kuti chisawola komanso kukopa tizilombo tina.

Chifukwa chake, kulimbana ndi nsikidzi zamadzi sikuli koyenera ndipo sikumveka kapena chifukwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizivulaza anthu, kapena nyama zomwe zimakula, kapena mbewu zomwe timabzala.

Mitundu ya tizilombo

Mitundu yoposa mazana asanu ndi awiri yowombera madzi yapezeka. Zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo:

• Pondani chopondera madzi. Chosiyanitsa ndi mtunduwu ndi mtundu wowala wa miyendo.
• Nsikidzi zazikulu zamadzi. Oyimira amtunduwo ndiakulu kwambiri pabanja. Kutalika kwake kumafika 20 mm.
• Wopendekera wopota-wowoneka ngati ndodo. Dzinalo limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso chikhalidwe chake. Ichi ndi cholakwika ngati ndodo, chimakhala ku Siberia.

Khalidwe ndi moyo wake

Strider strider, kapena Gerridae (m'Chilatini) amatanthauza gawo lina la nsikidzi kuchokera ku banja la semi-okhazikika-mapiko.Padziko lapansi, mitundu 700 ya tizilombo imadziwika yomwe imatha kudzipatula kudzera m'madzi, monga dziwe limadziwira.

Chingwe cha madzi ndi tizilombo touluka, chifukwa chake, malo amodzi mumatha kuwona tizilombo 5-6 nthawi imodzi, zomwe sizimawaletsa kukonzekera kupha kuzungulira chakudya chomwe chapezeka.

Ngakhale kuti kachilombo kamafanana ndi nsikidzi, mawonekedwe amtambo samayenderana ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, pomwe timanjenjemera. Pa chithunzi chokulirapo cha kachikwama kamadzi, titha kuona kuti ali ndi thupi lalitali, loyenda ngati boti, lofiirira, lofiirira, lalitali, lalitali ndi utoto. Miyendo imakhalanso ndi tsitsi lotere.

Gerridae ali ndi miyendo itatu. Zakutsogolo ndizifupi; zimapereka kuthamanga ndi kuwongolera koyenda kwa cholakwika. Miyendo yakutsogolo imagwiranso ntchito kulumikizana pakati pa tizilombo. Ndi miyendo imeneyi, nyalugwe imagwira nyama, ikulimbana ndi anthu ena omwe amalowerera katundu wake. Am'mbuyo ndi odala, amphamvu.

Mamita amadzi ali ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri

Nsikidzi zakugona sizimilira pazifukwa zingapo:

1. Mawonekedwe a miyendo amathandizira kachiromboka kuyenda mmadzi: gawo lam'munsi la phazi limatsamira pamadzi, potero limakulitsa kukana kwa madzi pamwamba,
2. Mpweya umadziunjikira mkati mwa tsitsi. Amakhala ngati phala la mpweya.
3. Kuphatikiza pa mpweya, miyendo imakhalanso ndi katundu wina wodabwitsa. Amakhala ndi mafuta apadera osakaniza ndi madzi, omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi la tizilombo tosangalatsa, ndipo amakhala opanda phokoso nthawi zonse.

Pamutu pa Gerridae pali tinyanga tomwe, ngati tinyanga, timazindikira kusinthasintha pang'ono m'madzi, komwe kumamuthandiza kupewa ngozi ndikupeza chakudya. Kusinthasintha m'madzi kumathandizanso kuti wachimuna akapeze mkazi kuti akwere.

Chikhalidwe cha luso loyenda pamadzi

Olimbana ndimadzi amatha kuyenda pamadzi chifukwa chophatikiza pazinthu zingapo. Kutumphuka kwapamwamba komanso miyendo yayitali, yama hydrophobic, yolemedwa yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale pamwamba pa madzi.

Mapazi amakupatsani mwayi wogawa kulemera kwa thupi pamalo akulu akulu. Miyendo ndi yolimba, koma osinthika kuti isungunuke mokwanira momwemo, yendani ndi kayendedwe ka madzi. Tsitsi limazungulira thupi.

Pali tsitsi lokwanira masauzande angapo mamilimita, lomwe limapereka malo osungira madzi. Malo osungirako ambiri amthupi pamwamba pamadzi amatchedwa epiplastic. Ndi mawonekedwe ofotokozedwa bwino kaamba ka madzi.

Ngati mtembo utagundika mwangozi pansi pa madzi, tsitsi lalifupi limakhazikika. Maburumu am'madzi mthupi lonse amakankhira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumtunda, ndikulola kupumira pansi pamadzi.

Miyendo yapakati yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita mkombero imakhala ndi tsitsi lopindika bwino. Amathandizira kuwonjezera mayendedwe chifukwa chamtundu. Awiri kumbuyo kwawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa.

Mawaya apakatikati amasunthira pansi ndi kumbuyo, ndikupanga funde lozungulira, pomwe chisa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupita patsogolo. Mawungu omwe adapangidwa ndi ofunikira ndikofunikira kuti azindikire kuti amatha kuyendetsa mwachangu, chifukwa amachita ngati otsutsana nawo. Zingwe zamadzi zimayenda pa liwiro la mita imodzi pamphindi kapena mwachangu.

Mawonekedwe amakhalidwe oyenda mwamadzi

Ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti imeneyi ndi tizilombo tosadzi tokha tokhala m'madzi. Wokolowola madzi amatha nthawi yayitali kwambiri kukhala dziwe, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti akulephera kuthana ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi mapiko kuti apange ndege zazing'ono. Amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati dziwe lakwawo litayamba kuuma ndipo akufunika kupeza malo okhala.

Komanso nsikidzi zimatha kukwawa pansi. Amachita izi molakwika, popeza miyendo yopyapyala imangokhala muming'alu yaying'ono ndi zolakwika. Komabe, ngakhale izi zili bwanji, nthaka youma ndiyofunikira kwa iwo.Chowonadi ndichakuti mawanga am'madzi sangathe kuzizira m'madzi, chifukwa chake akufuna nyumba yotentha pansi kapena pamtengo. Chifukwa chake, mtundu uwu wa nsikidzi ndi wosiyanadi, chifukwa adatha kugonjetsa zinthu zitatu nthawi imodzi.

Mkombero wamadzi wamagulu

Zilipo pafupifupi mitundu 700 ya nsikidzi zamadzi pamipande, omwe amasiyana wina ndi mnzake mu mtundu wake ndi kukula kwake. Tizilombo timeneti timakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lomwe titha kutalika kuchokera 1mm mpaka 3 cm. Kutsogolo - kakafupi, kofunikira kugwira nyama ndikuwongolera kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe. Miyendo yapakatikati ndi kumbuyo kwake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti isunthe komanso kutalika nthawi 1.5-2kuposa thupi lamadzi lamadzi.

Chifukwa chiyani nsikidzi zamadzi sizimilira, koma amathamangira pamadzi? Tizilombo timasungidwa pamwamba pa madzi chifukwa cha kuvuta kwake. Pamutu pa bug pali tinyanga tomwe timakhala tomwe timatha kugwira ngakhale madzi akung'ambika pang'ono. Chida cham'kamwa chikuboola, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa zomwe zili m'manja mwa womenyedwayo.

KUMASULIRA! Zina mwa zam'madzi zazing'onoting'ono zamadzi zimakhala ndi mapiko, ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti ziziyenda pakati pa dziwe. Akhoza kukhazikika kwakanthawi patali. Anthu opanda ndege amatha moyo wawo wonse m'madziwe amodzi.

Mazira amaikidwa pamasamba ndi zimayambira zamadzi amadzi. Nthawi zina amakhala payekha, koma nthawi zambiri m'magulu a zidutswa 40-50. Mphutsi zimawoneka ngati munthu wamkulu, koma zimasiyana mgulu looneka ngati mbiya komanso kakang'ono kakang'ono.

Mzere wamadzi umakhazikika m'malo osungira ndi madzi osayenda kapena mitsinje yokhala ndi magetsi ochepa. Ndani amadya nsikidzi ndipo amadya chiyani? Amatha kudumphira m'mphepete mwa madzi. Amadyanso ma invertebrates, tizilombo, nsomba za nsomba. Chifukwa cha maso akulu, wopanga madzi amatha kuzindikira nyama kuchokera kutali ndikuwugwira ndi mabombo ake. Iwonso amakhala chakudya cha nsomba zazikulu.

Chithandizo cha pabedi

Tizilombo toyamwa tulo timakhala ndi thupi losalala, chifukwa chomwe chidacho chidatchedwa dzina. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayikulupo kuposa ina yonse, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "nkhumba" poyenda pamadzi.

Gladysh amakonda madziwe oyenda, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala pachithaphwi chilichonse kapena mbiya yamadzi. Amatha kupanga maulendo ataliatali usiku kuti apeze malo atsopano ndi chakudya. Monga nsikidzi zina zonse, ma suti omwe amakhala ndi chida chogwira pakamwa, mothandizidwa ndi kuboola thupi la womenyedwayo ndikuyamwa michere.

KUMASULIRA! Mutha kuyimbira kuti bedi ndi woimbira - amatha kupukuta kutsogolo kwake motsutsana ndi phenoscis, ndikulankhula ngati kukuwa.

Kodi chimapumira m'mimba ndi chiyani? M'madzi, kachiromboka kamauluka mozungulira, ndikuyiyika pa carapace yosalala. Potere, ma smoothies amapumira mpweya wosavuta wa mlengalenga, womwe umalandira kudzera m'maenje apadera kumbuyo kwa pamimba. Mukamadumphira, tizilombo timapeza mpweya wofunikira, pambuyo pake amatsekedwa ndi mbale zapadera.

Gladysh imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo kapena nsomba zazing'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, iye mwini amatha kukhala msodzi wa nsomba kapena mbalame. Komabe, chilengedwe chimateteza kwa adaniwa - nsana wake ndi wopepuka ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi lakuda.

Chimbudzi chimayika mazira pansi kapena pansi pa madzi pazomera. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mphutsi zimawoneka, zofanana ndi anthu akuluakulu, koma opepuka.

Gladysh samazunza munthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri akakumana naye amadzayeserera kuti ndi wakufa kapena kuponya fungo loteteza. Komabe, mukayesera kuti musankhe, mutha kumva kuluma komwe kumakupweteketsani inu nthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale chikondwerero.

Mimbulu yamadzi ndi banja lonse lomwe limangokhala matupi oyenda amadzi kapena mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi opanda mphamvu. Ndiwotsala, amakhala ndi chida chobaya, mothandizidwa nacho chomwe chimayamwa timadziti kwa wozunzidwayo. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mapiko yomwe imawuluka kukafunafuna nyumba yatsopano. Madzi am'madzi samazunza anthu, koma ikhoza kuluma kuti ititeteze, ikuluma zilonda. Odziwika kwambiri ndi ma strider amadzi ndi ma suti.

Zochitika m'moyo

Dera lokhala ndi nsikidzi zamadzi ndi matupi amadzi okhala ndi madzi oyimirira, mitsinje yopanda zoonekeratu. Mawotchi odukaduka amalola kugwedezeka kuyenda pamadzi ndi pamtunda, kukulitsa malo.

Zakudya ndizovalira zazing'ono, tizilombo tina, tinsomba tating'ono ndi mphutsi zawo. Kuwona kwabwino kwa maso akuluakulu otambalala kumakupatsani mwayi wowona omwe akukhudzidwira kutali, ndikuwombera mwachangu ndi chowopsa. Pomwe mumadya nyama, mita yamadzi imakonzanso m'malo mwake ndi kutsogolo kwanu.

Monga lamulo, tizilombo tomwe timakhala chakudya chamafuta, zimanyamula mphutsi zamadzi. Mutha kuwona ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo kapena ayi ndi chiwopsezo - chilembo chofiira chikuwoneka pachifuwa chazoterezi zamadzi.

Anthu okhala m'malo ozizira amakhala nthawi yozizira m'malo opumulira. Kutentha kukakhazikitsidwa, tizilombo timayamba kugwira ntchito ndikuyamba kubereka.

Pa nthawi yomwe ikukhwima, yamphongo imakwera wamkazi, yemweyo imatha kukana, kugunda paws pamadzi. Zochita zazikazi zimakopa oyendetsa madzi kumalo a mdani, zomwe zimawopsa tizilombo ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zitheke zomwe zidayamba. Mphamvu ya mazirawo imatenga pafupifupi sabata, pambuyo pake imayikidwa pa zimayambira, inflorescence ndi masamba a mbewu (yokhala ndi mzere wamtundu waukulu, womwazikana ang'onoang'ono).

Kuti mphutsi ziziwoneka, pafupifupi milungu iwiri iyenera kudutsa. Kukula mu kukhala munthu wogonana kumatha pafupifupi mwezi. Kutalika kwa moyo wamadzi akakhala chaka chimodzi.

M'nyengo yozizira, madzi okhala ndi mapiko amapita pansi. Pazizira, mapiko a anthu amachoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo tosavomerezeka.

Mitundu yayikulu

Pa gawo la dziko lathu, mutha kupeza mitundu inayi ya nsikidzi:

• Chachikulu - chimodzi mwazitundu zazikulu kwambiri, zotheka kufika mamilimita 17 kutalika. Amadziwika ndi thupi loonda kwambiri la mtundu wofiira, pali mapiko. Habitat - Siberia.
• Chowoneka ngati ndodo - chimapezekanso ku Siberia ndi Kum'mawa, koma chimasiyana ndi Bolshoi ndi thupi loonda ngakhale pang'ono, chifukwa chomwe chimadzinenera chokha ngati ndodo.
• Dziwe, gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe ndi ma motley paws ndi kupezeka kwamapiko.
• Velia - amakhala kumadera akumpoto, komwe amatha kuwoneka pazinsinsi za icy. Uku ndikuwoneka wopanda mapiko ndi utoto wowoneka bwino.

Mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi ya kalasi imeneyi imadya ma invertebrates ang'onoang'ono, tizilombo tina, komanso mwachangu. Ngati nyama ili yayikulu mokwanira, ndiye kuti imatha kuukiridwa ndi nsikidzi zingapo nthawi imodzi ndikuyamwa mphindi zochepa.

Wowombera madzi

Kuyambira masika, anthu amayesetsa kuthera nthawi yochulukirapo m'chilengedwe, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi dziwe. Mpweya wabwino, kung'ung'udza kwamadzi, dzuwa - zonsezi zimakhudza thanzi, malingaliro ndi thanzi. Choonjezera chinanso chanyengo ichi ndi mwayi wodziwana ndi nyama zapadera. Makamaka, zili wopota madzi, yomwe imatchedwanso bugi wamadzi. Mutha kudziwa zambiri za tizilombo komanso moyo wawo patsamba lino.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe

Chingwe chamadzi ndi chopanda chosangalatsa, chopepuka chomwe chimakhala pamwamba pa mitsinje, maiwe, ndi dziwe. Nthawi zambiri imasokonezedwa ndi akangaude chifukwa cha miyendo yopyapyala komanso yayitali. Nthawi zina cholakwika cha madzi chimakhala cholakwika chifukwa cha phokoso kapena cholakwika. Mizere yamadzi ndi dzina lomwe limagwirizanitsa banja lonse la tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Amapatsidwa gawo lina la nsikidzi. Mu Latin, dzina la nyama zotere limamveka ngati "Gerridae".

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Tizilombo ta madzi touluka

Mzere wamadzi ndi tizilombo tosaoneka tambiri, miyeso yake yomwe imatengera mtunduwu. Mitundu yambiri yaminyama imeneyi ili ndi kukula kochepa thupi - kutalika mamilimita ochepa. Komabe, ma nsikidzi ambiri amadzi oyenda ndi akuluakulu kukula kwa tizilombo. Mitundu ina imatha kutalika mamilimita khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri. Mtundu wa thupi umatanthauzanso mitundu.Amayambira mtundu wobiriwira mpaka wodera wakuda. Gawo lam'munsi lam'mimba ndi matako a kachiromboka adakutidwa ndi bristles olimba. Ili ndi malo osungira madzi. M'mimba nthawi zambiri mumakhala bulauni kapena imvi.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili ndi mutu waching'ono, womwe ma prooscis ndi antennae amatchuka kwambiri. Antennae ndi gawo lofunikira m'thupi lamadzi am'madzi. Amathandizira nyamayi kuti igwire fungo losiyanasiyana ndikuitanira kukhudza. Proboscis amatenga nawo mbali kusaka. Ndi chithandizo chake, cholakwika ndi jakisoni imalowetsa enzyme yapadera kwa amene akuigwiritsa ntchito. Izi zimasokoneza maukadaulo.

Chidwi chachikulu cha anthu mawonekedwe a nsikidzi zamadzi nthawi zonse amakopeka ndi ma paws. Amawoneka motalika kwambiri. Zingwe zamadzi zimakhala ndi miyendo itatu yamiyendo, iliyonse yomwe imapatsidwa mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito. Miyendo iwiri yoyambayo (yayifupi kwambiri) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusaka kugwira nyama, yapakati ndi kumbuyo kumakhala kofunikira kuthandizira ndikuyenda. Zingwe zomwe zili pamiyendo zimakhala ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cholendacho "chisalephereke". Mitundu ina ya achikulire ilinso ndi mapiko. Ndi thandizo lawo, oyenda m'madzi amawuluka pamtunda wosiyanasiyana kuti akapeze chakudya.

Chosangalatsa: Nyanja, mitsinje yamadzi amtsinje alibe mapiko. Sangowafunikira. Kwambiri amafunikira mitundu yamizeremizere yamadzi yomwe imakhala m'matumba. Mothandizidwa ndi mapiko, tizilombo timeneti timatha kusuntha, chifukwa maudzu amawuma posachedwa.

Kodi wothamanga madzi amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Madzi amadzi owaza

Olowera madzi ndi banja lalikulu pafupifupi mitundu mazana asanu ndi awiri. Chifukwa chake, malo achilengedwe omwe amakhala kwawo ndiwokulirapo. Tizilombo timapezeka paliponse pomwe pamapezeka matupi amadzi, maiwe komanso mafinya. Kupatula kumeneko ndi malo ozizira kwambiri okhaokha okhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Wogwiritsa ntchito madzi amakhala ku Poland, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, America ndi mayiko ena ambiri.

Wokolowola madzi amapereka patsogolo zofunikira zingapo zachilengedwe. Amasowa nyengo yotentha ndi nyengo yotentha ndi madzi - dziwe, dziwe kapena mtsinje womwe umayenda pang'ono. Mitundu ina ya tizilombo ngati timakhala m'matumbu. Zingwe zamadzi zoterezi zimakhala ndi mapiko, kuti zikagundana zikatha, zimatha kupita kumalo ena. Miyendo ya nsikidzi zamadzi ndizitali, koma yabwino. Izi zimathandizira kuti nyamayo isunthe mwachangu osati kudzera m'madzi, komanso pamtunda.

Pali mitundu ya nsikidzi zamadzi zomwe zimatha kupulumuka m'madziwe amchere amchere. Mwachitsanzo, otere ndimadzi oyenda am'nyanja. Amasiyana ndi abale awo m'miyeso yaying'ono. Chofunikira china pa malo okhala ndi kupezeka kwa masamba pafupi ndi kasupe wamadzi. Mmenemo, tizilombo timabisala, kubisala. Nthawi zina nthawi yozizira imakhala m'nthaka. Mizere yamadzi imadzuka pokhapokha kutayamba kutentha.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kachilombo kamakhala. Tiwone zomwe mgawo wamadzi amadya.

Kodi chingwe chamadzi chimadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Madzi-cholakwika

Olimbana nawo madzi ndiwosaka bwino. Amawona bwino, amapanga magulu olandila. Maselo a motion amapezeka pa tinyanga ndi malekezero, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tizilombo tiziyankha mwachangu kusintha kulikonse mumadzi. Amapereka mayendedwe m'madzi pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, motero amapeza chakudya chawo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'madzi timene timadyadi. Zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala ndi tizilombo tambiri, nsomba, kafadala ndi oimira ena ochepa a nyama.

Miyendo yakutsogolo imagwira nawo ntchito yolanda nyama. Ili ndi zingwe zapadera. Matupi awo am'madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira nyama. Zilomboti zimathandizanso kwambiri pakudya. Wogwiritsa ntchito madzi ake amagwera m'manja mwake kuti amuyamwitse michere kapena kubaya poizoni. Phula limakhala lalitali, koma silisokoneza kayendedwe. Atatha kudya, nyamayo imakunga pansi pa chifuwa.

Makonda okongola a mizere yamadzi ndi:

• ntchentche, ntchentche mahatchi. Tizilomboti timakhala nsikidzi kokha chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwawo.Nthawi zina zimawuluka pafupi ndi madzi kapena zimagwera mwangozi.
• mazira a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nsomba caviar. Wosaka madzi amapeza chakudya m'madambo,
• nsomba za jelly, nsomba mwachangu, physalis. Chakudya chotere ndicho chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa othamanga ndi madzi,
• zotsalira za omwe akuimira olemekezeka a fauna. Mzere wamadzi ndi cholengedwa chapadera komanso chothandiza kwambiri. Oyimira banja lino amadya zotsalira zambiri, kuyeretsa maiwe ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Chochititsa chidwi: Chifukwa cha chakudya, kumenyedwa kwa madzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kusokonekera komanso ndewu pakati pawo. Nthawi zambiri tizilombo amatenga chakudya kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi mpheto zachikhumi.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Chithunzi: kachiromboka ka chikumbu

Mizere yamadzi ndi dzina la gulu lonse la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafotokoza bwino momwe timakhalira. Nyama izi zimayeza malo am'madzi ndi miyendo yawo yopyapyala komanso yayitali. Ndi madzi omwe ndi gawo limodzi lamagulu a tizilombo totere. Zingwe zamadzi zimayenda mosavuta m'madzi ndipo siz kumira chifukwa cha mabatani apadera pamimba ndi miyendo yawo. Masana, amatha nthawi yayitali akusambira pamadzi, akusaka tizilombo tating'ono, mwachangu, ntchentche ngakhale udzudzu.

Pogwira nyama, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe chilengedwe chimapatsa: masomphenya akuthwa, miyendo yayitali, kuboola lakuthwa, mayendedwe olowera. Pokhala okhala m'madziwe komanso zitsime, nsikidzi zamadzi nthawi zonse zimawonekera. Komabe, ngakhale pano chilengedwe chinawathandiza, kuwapatsa mtundu wa bulauni wakuda. Mtundu woterowo komanso thupi loonda limawapangitsa kukhala pafupifupi osawoneka kwa adani.

Mitundu yambiri yamiyala yamadzi ili ndi mapiko. Komabe, tizilombo totere timawuluka kwambiri. Pali mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe imafunikira mapiko kuti ikhale ndi moyo. Tikulankhula za tizilombo tomwe timakhala tating'ono ting'ono. Paphokoso lililonse limawuma pakapita nthawi, ndiye kuti nsikidzi za pabedi zimayang'ana yatsopano. Zimawulukira pachidutswa china pogwiritsa ntchito mapiko. Nthawi yonseyo, mapiko sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

M'chilimwe, omata madzi amakhala nthawi yayitali pamadzi, nthawi yozizira - m'nkhokwe kapena dothi. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama izi zimabisala. M'nyengo yotentha, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akumenya madzi m'madzi, m'madzi, m'mitsinje ndi m'madziwe ndizambiri. Kupumula mu chilengedwe, mwina, munthu aliyense amawona tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pafupi naye. Nsikidzi zimakonda kupita kumtunda - pokhapokha pakufunika. Izi ndichifukwa choti miyendo yawo sinasinthike bwino poyenda panthaka komanso pansi.

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Panja lamadzi lalikulu

Pambuyo pa hibernation, mizere yamadzi imakhala yokonzeka kutulutsa. Amakhala ndi njirayi zimachitika nthawi yomweyo kumayambiriro kwa kutentha komanso pakati pa chilimwe. Pazifukwa izi, kwa nyengo imodzi yachilimwe pamadziwe mumatha kuwona tizilombo ofanana amisinkhu yosiyana. Pofuna kukhwima, yamphongo imasankha yaikazi ndi kukwera mwachindunji m'madzi. Pakatha sabata imodzi atachira, yaikazi imatha kuyikira mazira.

Chosangalatsa: Tizilombo tamadzi ndi tizilombo tambiri tambiri. Nthawi imodzi, kachilombo ka madzi kamkazi kamatha kuyikira mazira makumi asanu. Izi zimalola mitundu yambiri kuti ikhalebe yochulukitsa kuchuluka kwawo mwachilengedwe ngakhale zachitika pazovuta zambiri.

Tizilombo timeneti timaikira mazira pamasamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili m'madzi. Zomangamanga zimawoneka zachilendo - ndi chingwe chachitali cha jelly. Inayika ma testicles onse mosamala. Mitundu yaying'ono yamadzi am'madzi amaikira mazira opanda ntchofu. Amaziunjikira kapena kuzikanda mu masamba a mbewu.

Pakatha milungu ingapo, mphutsi zimatuluka kuchokera mazira. Amakula msanga ndipo mu mwezi kwathunthu amasintha kukhala achikulire. Komabe, nyama zazing'ono nthawi zonse zimasiyana ndi makolo awo. Madzi ang'onoang'ono am'madzi ali ndi miyeso yaying'ono komanso m'mimba pang'onopang'ono. Kutalika kwa nyama izi ndi zazifupi - chaka chimodzi chokha. Komabe, izi sizilepheretsa banjali kukhala imodzi mwa tizilombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso kusamalira anthu ake.

Adani achilengedwe omenyera madzi

Wokokera madzi amatha nthawi yayitali kwambiri pamadzi, osawoneka pamtunda. Ndiye chifukwa chake adani ake onse achilengedwe amakhala m'madziwe ndi m'madziwe. Komabe, palibe ambiri a iwo. Nthawi zambiri nyama zotere zimadya nsomba ndi achule ena, achule a mitengo, mikanda. Amasaka mwanzeru nsikidzi zamadzi. Mdani wamkulu wa mizera yamadzi ndi nkhata yamadzi. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nyamayo kumabweretsa mphutsi zamtunduwu. Ziluma thupi la munthu wakumwa madzi ndikumwa magazi ake.

Mikwingwirima yamadzi sitha kutchedwa kuti nyama zosavuta kudya. Zolengedwa izi ndizabwino, okalamba. Ndizolumpha zabwino, zitha kusuntha kwambiri. Pozindikira kuwopsa, nsikidzi zamadzi zambiri zimatha kuchoka m'gawolo mwachangu. Amapanga ma batire oyenda bwino, kotero ngakhale madzi ochepa kwambiri amatha kuwachenjeza.

Chosangalatsa: Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa za zabwino zomwe nsikidzi zamadzi zimabweretsa ku chilengedwe. Amadziwika kuti gulu la maiwe, dziwe ndi mitsinje. Nyama izi zimatha kuyeretsa madzi kuchokera kumayendedwe amahatchi. Ndiwo "olamulira" a kuchuluka kwa tizilomboti.

Munthu sangatchedwe mdani wachilengedwe wamanzere wamadzi. Anthu samawononga mwachindunji tizilombo timeneti, chifukwa amabweretsa zabwino zambiri. Mimbulu yamadzi, kuphatikiza pakupindulitsa, ndiyotetezeka kwathunthu kwa anthu. Tizilombo ting'onoting'onoyi timangokuluma pokhapokha ngati tili pachiwopsezo cha munthu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chithunzi: Mzere wamadzi

Mizere yamadzi ndi amodzi mwamabanja akuluakulu. Mulinso nyama zoposa mazana asanu ndi awiri, motero kuchuluka kwawo sikuyambitsa nkhawa. Mbuzi zam'madzi zapatsidwa udindo wosamalira: "Zosavutitsa Zomwe". Izi zikuwonetsa kuti banja lankhanzali silikuwopsezedwa kuti litha posachedwa.

Zinthu zingapo zimakhudza bwino kuchuluka kwa oimira madzi am'madzi:

• maubwino pazachilengedwe ndi anthu. Anthu samayesa kuchotsa ngalande zamadzi, chifukwa amadziwa kuti ndiwongolera losungirako. Nyama iyi ndiyothandiza kwambiri kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mahatchi owononga magazi,
• chonde chachikulu chachilengedwe. Maulendo amadzi amaberekana kangapo pachaka. Nthawi ina, yaikazi imayikira mazira makumi asanu, pomwe mphutsi zimatuluka.
• kuchuluka kupulumuka. Tizilombo ta m'madzi timakhala ndi nthawi yayifupi - chaka chimodzi chokha. Komabe, kufikira nthawi ino, akulu samamwalira nthawi zambiri. Izi ndi tizilombo tosachedwa, othamanga komanso opusa. Sakhala ozunzidwa ndi adani achilengedwe, mwina samadwala.

Ngakhale chithunzi cha utawaleza, mitundu ina ya mabanja okhala ndi madzi yalembedwa m'Mabuku Ofunika a mayiko ndi mizindayo. Mwachitsanzo, tikulankhula za mita ya sphagnum yamadzi. Nyama iyi ndi mitundu yosowa.

Kuteteza mita

Chithunzi: Mita yamadzi kuchokera ku Buku Lofiira

Mzere wamadzi a Sphagnum ndi mtundu wosowa womwe umakhala ndi chilengedwe chochepa kwambiri. Tizilombo timeneti timakhala ku Ukraine, Russia, Sweden, Poland, Finland, Belarus. Mitunduyo imawonedwa bwino, yokhala pangozi. Amalembedwa m'mabuku ofiira a madera ambiri a Russia: Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Tobolsk, etc. Nyamayi yalembedwanso mu Buku Lofiira la Republic of Belarus.

Mpaka pano, zochepa ndizodziwika bwino pamizeremizere yamadzi a sphagnum. Maonekedwe awa ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba omwe amakhala mwachilengedwe m'matumba onse amadzi. Kutalika kwake, nyamazo sizidutsa mamilimita 9.7, zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yomwe imakhala ndi matako onenepa. Chinanso chochititsa chidwi ndi malo okhala. Tizilombo totere timakonda kukhala ndi kubereka mu ma sphagnum bogs. M'mbali zina, omwe amapanga ma sphagnum madzi samasiyana ndi abale awo onse.

Kodi ndizovuta zingati zomwe zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa madzi a sphagnum? Cholepheretsa chachikulu ndicho kuwonongeka kwa maiwe ndi madambo.Ma sphagnum bogs akukhala ocheperako, ndipo omwe ali osayenera kukhala moyo wa tizilombo. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo ndi mawonekedwe a chilengedwe zachilengedwe za nyama izi zimakhudzanso anthu ambiri. Ngakhale izi zidachitika, pakadali pano palibe njira zapadera zotetezera madzi a sphagnum.

M'dziko lathu, cholengedwa chilichonse chimagwira. Wowombera madzi - osati okhawo. Izi ndi zachilendo, koma chothandiza kwambiri. Ndi namwino wa matupi amadzi, mitsinje, malo osambira, ndikuchotsa zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana tizirombo. Kwa anthu, nyama zina, nsikidzi zamadzi sizimakhala ndi vuto lililonse. Okwera madzi amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse m'madzi.

Khazikitsani dontho lothirira

Chidacho chothirira madzi sichimangokhala chokha. "Imayambira" ndikusinthira valavu ya mpira pa payipi yoperekera. Dongosolo la Rosinka limakhala ndi ma hoses osasunthika omwe amaloleza kutentha mpaka -45 ° C, zoyikika - mitanda ndi tayi, pulagi zazing'ono. Ndi awa akumwa amsiyanitsa ndi abale ake. Izi ndi zida zazing'ono zomwe zimakhomera kumapeto kwa payipi. Amatha kusintha - amatha kuthira madzi kuthamanga kwa 0 mpaka 2 malita / ola.

Bokosi yoyambira idapangidwa kuti igawidwe pansi pa mizu 50, koma ndizotheka kugula zinthu zowonjezera ndikuphatikiza kasinthidwe kamene mukufuna.

Msonkhanowu ndiwosavuta: koyenera kumangidwira mu mbiya (mphamvu), valavu yokhala ndi valavu yolumikizidwa nayo, kenako njingayo imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pazidutswa za payipi ndi zitsulo. Momwe zonse zimachitikira, onani kanemayo. Https: //www.youtube.com/embed/0r2DHOC7iys

Kumbukirani

"Ndakhala ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kwa zaka zoposa khumi m'nyumba yanga yakunyumba. Imagwira ntchito mwangwiro, koma iyi ndi njira yaying'ono-yachilimwe yanyumba, sizikupanga nzeru kuyiyika pazinthu zazikulu. Gawo lakhala likuyimirira kwa zaka 10, gawo lasinthadi. Zomwe ndimakonda ndikuti mutha kugula zigawo popanda mavuto. Kangapo konse ine ndayiwala kuwachotsera mu wowonjezera kutentha nyengo yachisanu. Palibe, adapulumuka. Nthawi yotsiriza ndidagula ma hoses. Poyerekeza ndi akalewo, akhala bwino: makoma ndi akulu ndipo kulimbitsa kwake ndi kotsika. Chifukwa chake ndikupitilizabe kuomba m'mundamu ndi mdziko muno. "

Alexey Evgenievich, Yekaterinburg

Kutha kuthamanga pamafunde

Chingwe chamadzi ndi tizilombo, mafotokozedwe omwe nthawi zonse amabwera ku nkhani yokhudza mphamvu yake yodabwitsa yolimbana ndi madzi am'madzi. Nanga amatha bwanji kumira? Chowonadi ndichakuti mawotchi a cholakwika amatakutidwa ndi chinthu chapadera, kapangidwe kake kofanana ndi mafuta. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala ngati chotchinga chomwe chimalepheretsa miyendo kulowa m'madzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kachiromboka kamagawa kulemera koyenera: katunduyo sagona pa mfundo imodzi, koma wogwirizanitsidwa ku miyendo yonse isanu ndi umodzi. Ponena za kuthamanga kwambiri, kumatheka chifukwa cha ma stroko othamanga. Ndiomwe amapanga chipwirikiti kuseri kwa mita yamadzi yomwe imakankhira patsogolo.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kamberembereyu amatha kuyandama pamalo osalala, komanso pamafunde. Ndiukadaulo uwu womwe umalola mita yamadzi kukhazikika mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi am'madzi, yomwe imawonjezera kupulumuka kwawo, ndipo, chifukwa chake, anthu.

Kodi nsikidzi zamadzi ndizothandiza bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti tizilombo timeneti titha kuyambitsa zowononga m'mafamu a nsomba, timabweretsa zabwino kwa anthu, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina samangowonongeka, komanso owonongeka mwapadera. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsikidzi:

• kutenga nawo gawo paziwerengero zamankhwala oyamwa magazi (mahatchi, udzudzu), kuwawononga pamagawo onse a moyo.
• Mitsinje yoyera, nyanja ndi matziwe ochokera kumanda a anthu akufa,
• Idyani tizirombo tina, makamaka akambuku atatu, omwe amawononga kwambiri kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamalonda.

Momwe mungachotsere nsikidzi kunyumba

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayikira mazira m'malo obisika ambiri kuchokera pazidutswa zisanu mpaka makumi asanu. Amawoneka ngati mpunga wa mpunga mpaka utali wa millimeter kutalika.Pa dzira lililonse pamakhala “kapu” wosaoneka bwino, wofanana ndi khosi la mtsuko.

Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mphutsi yowuluka pafupifupi 1.5 mm kukula kwake kumatuluka mazira kuchokera pamenepo. Mazira a Bedbug amatetezedwa ndi chipolopolo chokhala ndi mbewa zosagwira ziphe. (Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakulolani kuti muthane nawo, mukukhalabe bwino mpaka nthawi yomwe anthu atsopano azidzazira mazira).

Zimbudzi sizimamanga zisa, gawo la malo obisalirako limachitidwa ndi ming'alu pansi pa matiresi, mabatani, pansi pazithunzi ndi linoleum m'malo otentha, owuma komanso amdima. Nsikidzi zakugona zimatha kubisalira kumbuyo kwa batire, pakati pa mabuku ngakhale pazinthu za m'nyumba.

Mimbulu yakunyumba imakonda kupangira nyumbayo pafupi ndi chipinda chogulitsira anthu, chifukwa mphutsi zosemedwa sizitha kuyenda mtunda wautali mwachangu. Mu "nyumba" nsikidzi zimayikira mazira, kutaya zikopa zakale ndikusiya zitosi.

Zilombo zazikuluzikulu zimatha kudziwika ndi fungo: mphutsi zonse ndi achikulire omwe amapanga madzi kuti azithamangitsa adani (mwina, kwa anthu ena fungo ili ndi gawo la pheromones).

Tsopano mawu pang'ono za malo a mitundu ina ya nsikidzi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga chogona timakhala paliponse, ngakhale kunja kwa Arctic Circle. Mkhalidwe wa moyo kwa iwo ndi kuyandikira kwa gwero lamagetsi.

Ngakhale nsikidzi zodula kapena zopusa sizimamanga zisa. Ming'alu imadziwika kuti malo omwe amadzisonkhanitsira, pomwe amayikira mazira, pomwe amabisala ndi kukhala kwakanthawi. Nsikidzi siziumba chilichonse. Amasankha zobisika zoyenera pamoyo.

Mitundu ya Herbivorous imakhala pakati pa masamba (zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba kapena chimanga), nthawi zina zomwe zimapezeka m'miyala ya nyama zamtchire kapena kubisala pansi pa khungwa. Malo awa amatumikira anthu awa ngati chisa. Apa amayikira mazira awo ndikukhala gawo limodzi la moyo wawo.

Nguluwe zamadzi (maboti owaza, zoyala ndi zoyenda ndimadzi) amapita kukasaka m'madziwe. Nthawi yotsalayo imakhala m'malo owala, nthawi zina imatha kupezeka m'munda, pafupi ndi dziwe, kapenanso m'nyumba.

Ma nsikidzi okhala ndi zakudya zosakanikirana (omnivores) amatsogolera moyo womwewo.

Kuchulukitsa kwaakazi kumachitika modabwitsa. Amuna amapyoza pamimba mwa mkaziyo ndikumalowetsa madzi am'mimba mu chosungira chapadera. Akazi ake amagwiritsa ntchito moyo wake wonse, kumayika mazira nthawi ndi nthawi.

Njira iyi "yosungira" yamadzimadzi am'mimba imalola kuti akazi azitha kukhala moyo uliwonse; pakalibe chakudya chokwanira, amagwiritsa ntchito mazira omwe sanakumanidwe kuti akhalebe ndi mphamvu.

Koma amuna amatha kumvana ndi amuna anzawo komanso mphutsi. Nyani sangathe kubereka, ndipo amphaka amatha kudzikundika amadzimadzi ena amthupi lawo ndikupatsirana kwa akazi.

Nsikidzi zazikazi zimayikira mazira mazana awiri mphambu awiri nthawi imodzi. Mazira amabwera mawonekedwe a chulu kapena silinda. Pamapeto pa dzira lirilonse pali njira yotchingira mphutsi.

Mitundu ina ya nsikidzi imatha kubereka yokha.

Zoyenera kusamalira nsikidzi ndizotsatirazi:

• kutentha 22-30 ° C,
• Palibe kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha,
• gwero la chakudya chosatha pafupi ndi koloni,
• pali malo omwe mungabisike masana kuchokera pakuwala ndikuyika mazira.

Mwanjira imeneyi, mitundu yonse ya nsikidzi imaswana. Tizilombo tina tambiri timene timadya timaberekanso msanga, koma ana amatulutsa zochepa pachaka chifukwa chakuti nthawi yozizira imayamba kugonja. Njira zonse za tizilombo zopangira tizilombo panthawiyi zimayamba kuchepa.

Mosiyana ndi nsikidzi zapanyumba, kachilombo koyipa kamapereka m'badwo umodzi pachaka. Mitundu ya nsikidzi yomwe imakhala mu mtundu wa tundra imodzimodzi: nthawi yotentha ndi m'badwo umodzi wokha womwe ungathe kubadwa, womwe umapita nthawi yachisanu kubala ana makamaka chaka chatha.

Izi nsikidzi (Mwachitsanzo, wolusa wa Bialystomy) zayamba kusamalira ana. Amuna samataya ana awo, kudikirira kuti abadwe ndikuwapatsa mazira.

Mwa njira yodyetsa, nsikidzi ndizopatsa thanzi, zodya nyama komanso majeremusi.Zotsirizazo zimadya magazi a zinyama. Anthu olusa omwe amadyera tizilombo tina, amadya nkhupakupa (zodyera) komanso nsomba zazing'ono. Pali nsikidzi za pabedi zokhala ndi chakudya chosakanizika.

Nsikidzi zonse zimakhala ndi zida zophera pakamwa. Monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, limapangidwira kuti ipangike pamalo oyenera ndikufikira kwa proboscis ndi chakudya.

Tikukupatsani kuti mudziwe momwe Mungatithandizire Kuthana ndi nsikidzi zakugonera kunyumba

Mwachitsanzo, mu nsikidzi za bedi, prooscis ili ndi njira ziwiri. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo, cholowacho chimavulaza chinthu kwa cholakwacho chomwe chimachepetsa magazi ndi kuwawa pakuluma, ndipo njira inayo imapangidwira kuti imwese magazi a wozunzidwayo, omwe amapanga chakudya chamtunduwu.

Ngati palibenso wina wovutirapo (munthu) pafupi, nsikidzi zogona zimasinthana ndi chakudya china: magazi a nkhunda, makoswe, ziweto zapakhomo. Tiyenera kunena kuti tiziromboti samakonda kuluma nyama zodyedwa, chifukwa chifukwa chachilendo cha kapangidwe ka thupi zimakhala zovuta kuti azisenda tsitsi ndi ubweya kupita pakhungu.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakudya chakudya kunja kwa matupi awo. Ma proboscis amapyoza thupi la womenyedwayo, akumalowetsa m'mimba momwemo Mitsempha ya wothandizidwayo ikakimbidwa (zinthuzo zimasanduka zosavuta, zoyenera kudya), cholowacho chimawamwetsa ndi phenoscis.

Herbivorous anthu amadya momwemo, akumamwa zipatso zamasamba. Sakuyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale chakudya, iwo amayamwa msuzi, kusiya masamba opaka zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso zakugwa.

Tizilombo tamadye akuluakulu timadyanso kamodzi masiku 5-10, mphutsi - kamodzi masiku atatu. M'masiku otentha, kufunika kwa madzimadzi kumawonjezeka, motero amadya pafupipafupi. Munthawi yosavomerezeka (kutentha sikakulola kapena chakudya sikokwanira), nsikidzi sizidyetsa, zimagwera makanema ojambula.

Pofuna kuthana ndi tiziromboti tomwe tili ndi chidwi ndi funso loti ndizingati zomwe zingakhale ndi moyo popanda chakudya.

Magazini ya Insects ya chaka cha 2011 imakhala ndi wolemba nkhani wina waku America womanga Andrea M. Polanco waku Virginia Polytechnic. Pazitsanzo za majeremusi ogona, adayang'ana kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tomwe timatha kukhala popanda chakudya.

Choyamba, nsikidzi zimakhala pafupi ndi anthu. Nkhondo yolimbana nawo idakambirana m'gawo lino. Mitundu ina ya nsikidzi sizipezeka munyumba za anthu. Nthawi zina, osakwatira omwe ali ndi zikopa zobiriwira amatha kulowa m'nyumba kudzera muming'alu m'mazenera ndi zitseko.

Zoterezi zitha kunenedwa za asodzi omwe akuyendetsa mwangozi. Mochulukirapo (ngati pali tizilombo tambiri ndipo timakusowetsani nkhawa) akhoza kuchita mantha ndi Dichlorvos kapena choko "Mashenka".

Tsopano bwererani ku nsikidzi.

Njira yoyamba ndikupeza "chisa" cha nsikidzi ndikuziwononga pamakina (kuphwanya, sonkhanitsani ndi kotsukira).

Njirayi ndi yothandiza ngati pali nsikidzi zochepa. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wopeza ngodya zawo zonse zachinsinsi, njirayi ikuthandizira kuchepetsa kwambiri majeremusi. Ngakhale kuphweka kwake, njirayi singathe kupulumuka kwathunthu osagwirizana ndi alendo omwe amakhala mchipindacho, chifukwa ichulukana mwachangu kwambiri ndikubisala bwino. Chifukwa chake njirayi ndiyophatikiza pa chida chachikulu - mankhwala atizilombo (za iwo pambuyo pake).

Njira yachiwiri yolimbana ndi tizilombo ndikuthamangitsa kununkhira kwa tansy kapena chowawa.

Njirayi imatha kutchedwa prophylactic. Nthambi zamayimidwe kapena chowawa, chofalikira kuchipinda, pafupi ndi mpweya wabwino komanso pafupi ndi ming'alu, chidzateteza nyumbayo kuti zisawonongedwe ndi tizilombo. Koma njirayi siyithandiza kuthana ndi vutoli ngati nyumba yosankhidwa kale ndi majeremusi: kubisala kwakanthawi, adikirira mpaka fungo litasowa ndikuti abwererenso.

Njira ina yothanirana ndi majeremusi ndikuwonetsedwa ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, madera a nsikidzi akuchulukirachulukira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutentha kwambiri.

Ndipo kuthekera kochitira hibernate kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo tosavomerezeka.Chifukwa chake, njira monga kuyika zovala ndi chitsulo chotentha, zovala zothina ndi zoseweretsa zofewa komanso kuzizira matiresi zitha kutchulidwa kuti ndizopewera m'malo mwanjira zenizeni zolamulira tizilombo.

Kusakaniza koyamba: 140 ml ya palafini imasakanizidwa ndi 130 ml ya turpentine ndi 40 magalamu a naphthalene.

Kusakaniza kwachiwiri: 30 ml ya ammonia, 90 ml ya benzene, 30 ml ya turpentine ndi 310 ml ya mowa wosamwa.

Izi zosakanikirana zamadzimadzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi tiziromboti (mwachitsanzo, ku masango awo). Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mumavala zovala zodzitchinjiriza ndikuphimba nkhope yanu ndi chigoba! Ngati mungawagwiritse ntchito ngati mipando ndi makhoma, momwe tizilombo timakonda kudutsamo, mankhwalawo atha kugwira ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa nsikidzi zimangopewa malo okhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, koma sizipita kulikonse kuchokera pamalo awo achizolowezi komanso abwino.

Njira yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi tiziromboti ndi mankhwala.

Poongoletsa tizilombo, momwe mawonekedwe a nsikidzi za nsalu ziyenera kulingaliridwa.

Popeza zimabala msanga kwambiri munthawi yoyenera (izi ndi njira zomwe zimaperekedwa kunyumba), chithandizo cha mankhwala ophera tizirombo toyambitsa matenda zizichitika kangapo ndi masiku 3-4. Panthawi imeneyi, mphutsi zatsopano zimatulutsa mazira, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi gawo latsopano la poizoni.

Pakukonza, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera mu ma microcapsule (Pezani, Xulat C25, Minap 22, ogwira Ultra). Amasunga katundu wawo kwanthawi yayitali, kotero kukonzanso kudzayenera pambuyo pa masiku 30 mpaka 40.

Mphutsi ndi mazira

Nymphs, zotchedwa mphutsi za sayansi, monga mtundu wa metamorphosis zimakhala m'gulu la tizilombo tosintha bwino. Chifukwa chake, iwo amatuluka mazira mokhazikika ngati ndimitundu yaying'ono ya majeremusi achikulire, ali ndi phenoscis, miyendo ndi tinyanga, koma kukula kocheperako.

Anthu osazindikira za entomology amathanso kusokoneza ana a nymph ndi nyerere chifukwa cha kakang'ono kakang'ono ndi thupi lalitali. Popita nthawi, kufanana kumeneku kumachepa.

Mphutsi zimakula mofulumira kwambiri, zimapindika masiku onse asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi aŵiri, kuponya nembanemba. Ngati ikupezeka mnyumba, izi zikuwonetsa kudwala ndi nsikidzi.

Mazira a Bedbug - oyera, otalika, pafupifupi 1 mm kukula - amawoneka ngati njere ya mpunga. Dzira lililonse limakhala ndi kapu komwe kachilombo kameneka kamatuluka. Nthawi zambiri, mazira amakhala mu zisa, nthawi zambiri sizotheka kuwawona pawokha.

Kodi ndizowopsa kwa anthu?

Gawo lalikulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zovulaza. Tizilombo ta Herbivorous timavulaza chimanga (masika ndi nthawi yozizira), kudya mtanda (kabichi, saladi, mpiru ndi kugwiriridwa), zimawononga mitengo ya zipatso.

Akuluakulu ndi mphutsi za herbivorous nsikidzi zimayamwa timadziti kuchokera pamasamba, chifukwa amayamba kuwala ndikugwa. Pang'onopang'ono, kuchokera "kuzambwe" zotere zimatha kuti chomera chonse chitha kufa kapena kusiya kubala zipatso.

Tizilombo touluka timakhala kuthengo ndikuwononga makamaka tizilombo tina: ntchentche, midges ndi zina. Chifukwa chake amapindula mwakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tizirombo tina.

Chifukwa choti nsikidzi zimamwa magazi a anthu ndi nyama zazing'ono (mbewa, mbalame ndi mileme), zimatha kufalitsa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda angapo atalumidwa, kuphatikiza mliri, typhus, typhus, tularemia ndi hepatitis B.

Kuluma kwa nsikidzi sikumakhala kopweteka, koma kumayambitsa kuyabwa, kutupa, komanso kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri.

Choopsa kwambiri ndi bugbu wofusa, yemwe amakhala ku Central ndi South America. Kuthengo, tizilombo timeneti timakhalanso ku Asia, Africa ndi Australia. Izi nsikidzi ndizowopsa ku America, chifukwa kumayiko ena amakhala kutali ndi komwe amakhala.

Njira yayikulu yothanirana ndi nsikidzi ndiyo kuletsa kuluma (mwachitsanzo, nsikidzi

Nthawi zambiri, nsikidzi za munthu sizikhala ndi vuto lililonse. Milandu yokhayo ndiyomwe idalembedwa pomwe tizilombo timaluma.Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika pamene munthu atsuka ndikulumwa kofooka m'chilengedwe, zomwe sizimayambitsa zovuta zilizonse ndipo safunikira chithandizo chaukadaulo kapena chithandizo chotsatira.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuyambitsa zowononga zazing'ono mwa kudya nsomba zamtundu wa asodzi kapena kuwononga mazira. Komabe, kuti izi zitheke pachachuma, payenera kukhala anthu ambiri oterewa.

Madzi a bedbug ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahatchi, omwe ndi tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi. Nsikidzi zimawazunza m'magulu.

Odyera zachilengedwe

Ma petrel, terns ndi nsomba zina za m'madzi zodyera kumizeremizere yamadzi. Nsomba sizomwe zimayambitsa zilonda zazikulu, koma zizidyani mukakhala ndi njala. Kubwezeretsa kuchotsekera pachifuwa kumathetsa nsomba.

Mbalame zosiyanasiyana, achule zimawadyera, koma ozungulira madzi siomwe amapezera chakudya. Popewa zilombo, tizilombo touluka timadumphira padziwe kapena pafupi kulowa pansi pamadzi. Kupewa kulosera kumathandizira kuti nyumba zithandizenso, kufalikira kwa mitunduyo m'dera lalikulu.

Mapiko polymorphism

Ma polymorphism a mapiko ndikofunikira pakusiyanitsa ndikugawa. Kutha kwa mwana m'modzi kukhala ndi mapiko ochepa kumapangitsa kuti zizololedwa kusintha. Mapiko aatali, apakati, afupiafupi, sakhala malinga ndi chilengedwe, nyengo.

Zazitali zimakulolani kuuluka kupita kumadzi oyandikira, koma kumatha kunyowa. Zofupikitsa zimakulolani kuti muziyenda maulendo atali. Kusapezeka kwa mapiko kumalepheretsa kulemera, koma kumalepheretsa kufalikira.

Mapiko amafunikira ngati madzi ambiri akaphwera kuti awulukire kwatsopano. Nyama zozizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mapiko, chifukwa chake, atabisala, zimabwereranso kumalo am'madzi. Makina osinthirawa amathandizira kudziwa ngati ana omwe ali ndi mapiko adzakula.

Momwe zimaswana

Wamphongo, atamva kuti pali chachikazi pafupi, akumenya phazi lake pamadzi, ndikumutumizira chikondi. Ngati wamkazi akutenga "chibwenzi" cha njonda, amamuyankhanso ndipo amayenda mwamunayo. Nthawi zina zamphongo zimayambiranso kupita zachikazi. Kugonana kumachitidwanso pamadzi.

Gerridae amayikira mazira pamasamba a mbewu zomwe zimakhala m'madzi. Pakulupika kamodzi kumatha kuyikira mazira 50, omwe amakhala mumzere umodzi ndikupanga zingwe ngati jelly. Mazira amamatira ku tsamba ndikugwira mpaka tsiku ilo, mpaka mphutsi zimatuluka kuchokera kwa iwo.

Makina amadzi a abambo akuthandizira pakubala mpaka ana.

Amasamala madera awo mwachangu, komwe azimayi awo amakhala ogwirizana. Atawona mdaniyo, adawopseza kuti amenya madzi ndi manja awo, kuwonekeratu kuti sakonzeka kupirira mlendoyo mdera lawo. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, zomwe zimadutsa mumiyezi yonse ndikusintha ndikukhala akulu.

Mu kanemayi, mutha kudziwa zambiri zosangalatsa zamitengo yamadzi:

Momwe mungasiyanitsire cholakwika ndi ma synanthropes ena?

M'malo mwake, nsikidzi ndiyofanana ndi tizilombo tina, tikamayang'anitsitsa mosavuta zimakhala zovuta kuzisokoneza. Ndipo, komabe, kudziwa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nsikidzi kungakhale kothandiza. Nawo zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimasiyanitsa cholakwika ndi tizilombo tina tambiri.

• Ngati thupi la kachiromboka siligawika magawo (mizere yayitali), sikuti ndi cholakwika.
• Ngati arthropod ali ndi mapiko, izi sizinso kachilombo.
• Tizilombo touluka tating'onoting'ono ndi nthata, nsikidzi zimangokwawa.
• Ngati m'mimba mumakhala kupweteka, ndi nyerere kapena mavu.
• Ngati mbozi ili ndi thupi lathyathyathya, lonse, lopanda njira kumbuyo, ndi cholakwika, ngati thupi ndi lozungulira, ndiye majeremusi odzaza.
• Mutha kusiyanitsa cholakwika ndi kuchuluka kwa miyendo, cholowacho chili ndi 6, ndipo nkhupakupa ili ndi 8.
• Nthawi zina cholakwika chimatha kusokonezedwa ndi mphutsi za tambala. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi izi ndi njira ziwiri (mchira) kumbuyo pamimba, cholakwika chilibe.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge Zizindikiro Zotchuka chifukwa chake nsikidzi zimapezeka m'chipindacho

Kumanani ndi nsikidzi

Nsikidzi zakugona - chopambana chachikulu cha tizilombo, chomwe chimaphatikizapo mabanja angapo. Amakhala kulikonse. Ziphuphu zina ndizovulaza kwathunthu kwa anthu ndipo ndizothandiza, pomwe zina zimakhala bwino kuti zizikhala kutali.

Ngakhale izi zimasiyana, nsikidzi zonse zimasiyanitsa mawonekedwe: mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, fungo ndi mtundu.

Nsikidzi za pabedi ndi za dongosolo la mapiko osakhazikika. Mbali yam'mwamba ya mapikowo ndi yofewa, yokhala ndi mitsempha, mapiko a kumbuyo ndi owonekera. Mapiko ambiri amaphimbidwa ndi "chipolopolo" cholimba cha chitin.

Pakati pa nsikidzi, pali anthu okhala ndi mapiko aafupi komanso aatali, ndipo anthu amtundu womwewo amatha kusiyana wina ndi mnzake kukula kwake kwamapiko awo. Nthawi zambiri, mapiko amapindapinda kumbuyo kuti ndi ovuta kuzindikira.

Mu nsikidzi zomwe zimadya zakudya zamasamba, miyendo ndiyolimba komanso yopanga bwino. Izi zimawathandiza kuyenda mwachangu ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, thawani kwa adani.

Pabedi, miyendo ndi yaying'ono komanso yocheperako, motero imathamanga kwambiri.

Mimbulu yambiri imakhala ndi tinyanga. Zida zawo zapakamwa ndi mtundu wotseketsa. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi fungo labwino (makamaka pabedi).

Kukula kwa nsikidzi kumasiyana kuchokera pa mamilimita angapo mpaka masentimita khumi. Thupi la tizilombo ndi lathyathyathya, lozungulira mozungulira. Nthawi zina nsikidzi zimakhala zozungulira komanso zoboolera ndodo.

Tizilombo tambiri tili ndi utoto wowala. Mtundu wawo wopakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira wobiriwira mpaka wamtambo. Nsikidzi zimakhala zofiira, lalanje, komanso mitundu mitundu.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatulutsa timadzi tambiri tomwe timakhala ngati fungo lamankhwala. Fungo ili ndi losasangalatsa kwa anthu ndi nyama, motero limathandizira kuwopa adani (ndi kukopa anyamata kapena atsikana).

Dongosolo Lothirira Gardena Garden

Ichi ndi kachitidwe kazinthu zingapo wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma dontho, ndi zida zothirira. Pali zida zothirira madzi akathirira, pali owaza zida zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu. Gardena Drip irrigation amapangidwa ku Germany.

Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito kuchokera pakompyuta yopangira madzi (kuphatikiza malo opopera) ndipo zimakhala ndi zosefera zomwe zimatsitsa ndikuyambitsa kuthinikizika kwa dongosolo. Chipangizo chokhazikitsira zovuta chimatchedwa "Master block", adapangidwira kutuluka kwa 1000 l / h kapena 2000 l / h. Pulogalamu yogawanitsa imalumikizidwa kwa iwo, komwe zida zosiyanasiyana zoperekera madzi kuzomera zimayikidwapo.

Zingwe zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zidutswa za payipi, momwe payipi imangoikidwira. Imakonzedwa ndi kasupe wapadera, kuonetsetsa zolimba. Ngati ndi kotheka, kulumikizidwa kumalumikizidwa ndikakanikizira wokonda wapadera, payipi imatulutsidwa ndikuchotsedwa.

Pa ulimi wothirira kukapanda kuleka, pali zotsalira za mitundu iyi:

• Kutalika kotsika 2 ndi 4 l / h,
• kudzisintha pa 2 l / h, kulola kuperekanso madzi omwewo pamzere wothirira,
• zamkati - zimayikidwa mumphepete mwa payipi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi othamanga,
• ndi kusintha kosintha kuchokera 0 mpaka 20 l / h - matayala ndi mkati

Kuti mumve zambiri pazamajambulidwe ka maluwa ndi kuthirira kwa Garden, onani kanemayo.

Kuteteza nyama

Imodzi mwa mitundu ya nsikidzi zamadzi zomwe zimakhala ku Russia ndi Belarus ndizosowa kwambiri kotero kuti imatetezedwa pamalamulo, ndiye kuti, idalembedwa mu Red Book zamayiko awiri. Awa ndi mawayilesi amadzi a sphagnum. Ali ndi malo ocheperako.

Asayansi amadziwa zochepa kwambiri pang'onopang'ono ngati mita ya madzi a sphagnum. Maonekedwe awo ndiofanana ndi nsikidzi zina zamadzi. Kutalika sikuposa 9.7 ml. Thupi ndi lakuda ndi tint ya bulauni.Mosiyana ndi oyimira ena amtundu wa ntchafu, maonekedwe akutsogolo kwawo ndi okuda, ndipo kunja kwake kuli mzere wakuda. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timakhala m'misomali. Kupanda kutero, tizilombo sizimasiyana ndi abale awo.

Chifukwa chachikulu chakufalikira kwa nyamazo ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo ake. Ma Swamp omwe akwaniritsa zofunikira za mzere wamadzi akuchepa. Kusintha kwanyengo yayitali komanso mawonekedwe a malo okhala m'tchire zimasokoneza kwambiri nyama. Komabe palibe njira zapadera zomwe zachitidwa kuti asunge mitsitsi yamadzi ya sphagnum.

Cholengedwa chilichonse chomwe chimakhala padzikoli ndi chofunikira kwa onse okhalamo. Ngakhale madzi oyenda pang'ono samasiyananso ndi lamuloli. Tizilombo tosadziwika timasunga thanzi la chilengedwe m'zosungiramo zosiyanasiyana, kupulumutsa madzi ku tizirombo ndi zotsalira za nyama. Anthu okhala m'madzi amtunduwu siziwopseza anthu ndi nyama.