Gawo lonse la Belarus

Banja la Spindle (Anguidae).

Mtengo wakuthwa ndi brittle, kapena brica, (mayina amderali ndi slіmen, slіven, mjadzyanka, mjadzyanitsa) ndiye woimira abuluzi opanda miyendo ku Belarus. M'madera ambiri republic, anthu amatcha mtengo wa spindle molakwika "mkuwa wamkuwa", poganiza kuti ndi njoka yoopsa kwambiri ndikuwononga mwankhanza chifukwa cha izi.

Gulu lodziwika bwino la spindle (Anguis fragilis fragilis) amakhala ku Belarus.

Mwambiri, kufalikira kwapadera mu Belarus ndi kwamitundu. Mitunduyo imalumikizidwa ndi mitengo ya m'nkhalango. Kudera la Belarus, zopezeka zochepa ndizomwe zinajambulidwa kudera la Mogilev, pomwe chivundikiro ndichochepa.

Kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira ndi 23-43 masentimita, kulemera kwake ndi 15-35 g. Kutalika kwa thupi kuzungulira kwa Belarus ndi 11.5-21.2 cm (♂ - 11.5-17.4, ♀ - 12.4-21.2 masentimita), kutalika kwa mchira 11.6-20.6 masentimita (♂ - 11.6-17.0, ♀ - 13.2-20.6 cm), mutu kutalika 1.1-1.5 cm. ochepera pang'ono poyerekeza ndi muyeso wamtundu wonsewo - 265 mm. Komabe, zimakwanira m'kusinthika kwazinthu izi zomwe zidawonetsedwa ku Poland, Germany, Czech Republic ndi Slovakia, komwe kutalika konsekonse kwa milindayo sikupitilira 250 mm (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 200 mm).

Thupi ndi fusform, lalitali lofanana ndi thupi la njoka. Zizindikiro zakunja zomwe zimasiyanitsa kuzungulira kwa njoka ndi kukhalapo kwa eyelone (mu njoka zimasokonekera, zophimba diso ngati galasi la ulonda), miyeso yam'mphepete mwa mbali ndi yakumbuyo imakhala yofanana (m'miyala njoka imakutidwa ndi mzere umodzi wamamba ofukulika kwambiri). Miyezo ya thupi ndi yosalala mwapadera. Kuchuluka kwamiyeso pakatikati pa thupi 23-28, chiwerengero cha m'mimba m'mimba 126-145. Kutsegulira kwapadera kotseguka kunawonedwa mu 20% ya anthu.

Mtundu wa achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri. Ma spindles achichepere amapaka utoto wonyezimira wonyezimira (wonyezimira wagolide). M'mbali mwake mumayendetsa mikwingwirima yakuda imodzi kapena ziwiri zakuda zomwe zimayamba kumbuyo kwa mutu ndikuwoneka malo atatu. Mmbali ndi m'mimba mwake ndi zofiirira kapena zakuda mosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa kumbuyo. Mukukula, mtundu umasintha: kumbuyo kumada, ndipo mbali ndi pamimba, m'malo mwake, zimawala. Ndi zaka, zopindika kuchokera kumtunda zimakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wakuda wokhala ndi mtundu wamkuwa kapena mkuwa, womwe umalongosola dzina lina la mitunduyo - mkuwa wamkuwa.

Kutengera kwa gawo la dorsal la thupi kumatha kusintha kwakukulu. Ku Belarus, pali mitundu isanu (5) yayerekezera kuchuluka kwa zizindikiritidwe zosiyanasiyana zazizindikiro (zopangidwira) ndi kuphatikiza kwake. Ku Belarus, 93.4% ya ma spindles ali ndi mawonekedwe, magulu amdima a dorsomedial - 18.0% (kulibe), 9.8% (imodzi imodzi), 68.9% (imodzi iwiri), 3.3% (atatu owirikiza), wabuluu mawanga - 86.9% kulibe, gulu lowongolera opitilira 85.2% lilipo. Kuphatikiza kofala kwambiri ndi gulu la dorsomedial band (mitundu iwiri-yanjira) ndi chingwe cha dorsolateral (62.3%). Zoyerekeza zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'malo ena osiyanasiyana sizinapezeke pakuphatikiza ku Belarus.

Malo omwe anthu ambiri amapangira nduluzo ndi osakanikirana, nkhalango zowuma ndi za paini, nkhalango zowirira, momwe amakondera masamba, m'mbali mwake, m'mbali mwake, pamalopo. Nthawi zina amapezeka m'malire a nkhalango za payini ndi madambo otsika (zigumula za mitsinje ndi nyanja, mapiri atali). Nthawi zambiri, bowo limakhala moyandikana mumabatani amodzimodziwo okhala ndi nyama komanso buluzi, njoka, ndi mkuwa.

Chiwerengero cha spindles ndizotsika: kwakukulu, kwa biogeocenoses, ndi 0.5 (kuchokera 0 mpaka 50) anthu pa 1 ha. Chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri cha ma spindles chimatsimikiziridwa ndikuti m'nkhalango za paini zimapezeka m'mabotolo awiri mwa 77, mu nkhalango za birch - mu 2 mwa 26, m'nkhalango zowirira - mu 3 mwa 52, ndipo sizinapezeke konse m'nkhalango za spruce ndi oak. Kuchulukana kwa anthu m'nkhalango ya paini kunali anthu 0,22 pahekitala imodzi, nkhalango zam'madzi 0,4, m'mphepete mwa msewu 1.5, m'mapiri a madzi osefukira 1.7 pahekitala imodzi.

Mosiyana ndi abuluzi ena a ku Belarus, momwe zimapangidwira siziwoneka zachilengedwe, chifukwa zimakhala zobisika. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwira ntchito makamaka madzulo komanso usiku nyengo yotentha. Masana, imakhala yotentha nthawi zambiri, ngakhale kuti pakhala zochitika zina pakatentha masana kutentha kwambiri kuposa 30 ° C. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa "dzuwa" nthawi zambiri timatha kuwoneka mchaka, kukalibe kutentha kokwanira, komanso nyengo yotentha chilimwe. Buluzi uyu amakonda kusaka mvula yamvula yambiri yotentha.

Mtengo wopingasa umatha kudzitchinjiriza mu zinyalala kapena (pocheperapo) panthaka yofewa, umakhala ngati umasenda mutu wake m'magawo ndikugundika ndi thupi lake. Amabisanso pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yakugwa ndi milu ya mitengo, pansi pamulu wa mitengo yakugwa, zokhala zovunda, pansi pa khungwa, pansi pa miyala, m'maenje a nyama zazing'onoting'ono zokumba. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito pobisalira mwadzidzidzi (milandu ikamabisala mu anthill inafotokozedwa). Nyererezi sizingavulaze kachilomboka - khungu la buluzi limaphimbidwa ndi mamba olimba, ndipo limatseka maso ake m'mene imalowera kuchotsere.

Mpandawo nthawi zambiri umakwawa pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyenda motsutsana. Komabe, pogonjetsa "malo oyalirawa" (maudzu, zitsamba, milu yamiyala), mayendedwe ake amalimba.

Buluzi uyu amasaka nyongolotsi zafumbi, zomwe zambiri zimakhala pansi pamvula. Njira yosangalatsa yochotsera kuzinthu zadothi. Mano akuthwa kwakumbuyo amamuthandiza kugwira molimba mtima mphutsi zomwe zimameza pang'ono, ndikugwedeza mutu. Ngati nyongolotsi sisituluka msanga, ndiye kuti chopondacho chagwira pakamwa, kamatambalala pang'ono ndikuyamba kuzungulira molunjika kuzungulira pamphuno ya thupilo kufikira pomwe chidutswa chomwe chagwira mkamwa mwake chimatuluka. Mwanjira yomweyo, mabataniwo “amagawanitsa” nyongolotsi, yomwe imagwidwa ndi anthu awiri kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, amadya chakudya chochuluka komanso cham'manja. Kuphatikiza apo, omalizawa amatulutsidwa mosatalikirana ndi zipolopolo zolimba. Chakudya chochuluka cha abuluziwa amtunduwu ndi mphutsi zawo, mphero. Pali umboni wa khola lomwe limadya ana a njoka (njoka, njoka). Komabe, mosiyana ndi buluzi wina wolimba, buluziyo amatha kugwira okhawo omwe sangathe kugwira ntchito. Izi zikufotokozera "chizolowezi" chawo ku nyongolotsi, mapira, mbozi.

Pamlingo wina, mtengo wa spindle umapulumutsidwa chifukwa chobisalira komanso kutha kudziwonetsa ngati buluzi wina aliyense - kuthyola mchira wautali womwe umatsala ndi wolusa (chifukwa chake gawo lachiwiri la dzina la mtunduwu limakhala losalimba). Komabe, nthawi zambiri imakhala nyama ya nyama zina zomwe zimadyera buluzi - hedgehog, nkhandwe, thovu, mimbulu, mbalame, mbalame, (mtundu wankhwawa, goshawk, sparrowhawk, harrier, kite wofiyira, khungubwi, kachilomboka, kachilombo ka njoka, kadzidzi, kadzidzi wamba, khwangwala, magpie, jay). Ma spindles ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amadyedwa ndi njoka (mkuwa wamkuwa ndi njoka). Ku Belovezhskaya Pushcha, kufinya kwamtunduwu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa mbalame zodziwika bwino monga khungubwe ndi Khungu lowoneka bwino, pomwe limadyedwa nthawi zambiri kuposa mitundu yambiri yazinyama - nyama yotchedwa viviparous bulu, wamba wamba. Kufunafuna kolowera kwambiri chifukwa chakuyenda pang'ono, kulephera kutsegula mabulogu, komanso kukula kwake kwakukulu. Chochititsa chidwi, kambuku ndi chiwombankhanga chowoneka bwino zimagwidwa kangapo pakati pa njenjete za ma spindle (i.e., anthu akulu kwambiri) kuposa amphongo, mwina chifukwa iwo, amabala amuna, kuposa amuna amakonda kuphika padzuwa pamalo otseguka .

Mtengo wa spindle umachoka nthawi yozizira kwambiri kumapeto kwa Seputembara - Okutobala. Amakhala chobisika m'makola, ma vo pansi pa chitsa, mu zitsa zowola, ndikukwera mpaka masentimita 80, kuti chisazizire chifukwa cha dzinja losazizira. Nthawi zina amasonkhana mpaka anthu 20-30 kapena kupitilira apo. Pakatikati, akuwonekera mu Epulo nthawi yomweyo ngati buluzi wofulumira (viviparous chimachoka pang'ono).

Kuphatikiza m'mphepete kumachitika mosiyana ndi "mwanjira" kuposa abuluzi enieni. Wamphongo agwira wamkazi m'khosi. Nthawi zambiri, zazikazi zimayamba kuyesa kubereka, koma kenako zimapanga mphete yolukidwa ndi yamphongo. Nthawi zambiri yamphongo imakoka mkaziyo kumalo obisala, komwe imagwirizira thupi lake ndi mano ake m'khosi.

Nthawi yakukhwima itatha, pafupifupi miyezi itatu, yaikaziyo, ikamayikira dzira, kutengera kukula kwake, imabereka kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 26 cubs, nthawi zambiri 7-14. Pali milandu yodziwika bwino yomwe munthu wamkazi amakhala ndi thupi lalitali pafupifupi 21 cm, atabereka ana 20. Kutalika kwa tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 5-6 okhala ndi kulemera kwa 5.0-7.6 g. Ana nthawi zambiri amawonekera kumapeto kwa Julayi-Ogasiti ndikukhala okhwima pogonana mchaka chawo chachitatu cha moyo. Ulusi wopota nthawi zingapo pachaka, umadzisiya, ngati njoka, khungu lakale limatuluka.

Mtengo wa spindle umamverera bwino m'makona amoyo ndikuzolowera munthu, umatenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja. Amawasungira kumalo osungira nyama, komwe amamva bwino komanso kusungidwa mu ukapolo. Pali mlandu wodziwika pamene wopendapendawa amakhala mu boma zaka 54.

1. Pikulik M.M. (ofiira.) / Madzi apadziko lapansi. Pazuny: Etsyklapedychny davidnik (Zhivelny kuwala kwa Belarus). Minsk, 1996.240 s.

2. Pikulik M. M., Bakharev V. A., Kosov S. V. "Repitles of Belarus." Minsk, 1988. -166s.