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Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kwambiri zachiwerewere - chinyama chazovuta komanso zankhanza. Nyamayi imakonda kupezeka kumpoto kwa Russia komanso ku Siberia. Ermine sawoneka kawirikawiri m'nkhalango zowirira za coniferous, komanso m'malo otseguka. Nyama iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mitsinje, pafupi ndi nyanja zopanda phokoso, mitsinje yaying'ono ndi madambo.

Nyamayo ndi ya banja la ma mustelid ndipo ili ndi thupi lofanana, lalitali. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama zokulirapo kumayambira 20 mpaka 40. Kutalika kwa mchirawo kuli pafupifupi katatu kutalika kwa thupi. Nyama izi zimadziwika kuti zimasiyana-siyana zogonana - zazikazi ndizochulukirapo kawiri kuposa zazimuna. Kulemera kwa thupi kuchokera 100 mpaka 370 g.

Ermine ubweya pakati pa zikopa za nyama zofunika zaubweya pakukongola ndi mawonekedwe okongola ndi amodzi mwa malo oyamba. Ubweya wa Ermine umakhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri nyengo yachisanu, ikakhala yolimba kwambiri, yofiyira komanso yofewa. Ndipo koposa zonse, utoto wa ubweya m'nyengo yozizira imakhala yoyera. Mosakayikira, zovala zokhala ndi zikopa za elmine ku Middle Ages zitha kungopatsa mafumu ndi odziwika kuti adziwe!

Mwa njira, nsonga ya mchira wa nyama imakhala yakuda chaka chonse. Pafupifupi chilimwe, nyanjayi imasintha chovala choyera ngati chipale chofewa kukhala chofiirira chofiirira ndi utoto wofiirira pamimba.

Monga wophedwa, mdani amakhala moyo wawekha. Munthu aliyense ali ndi gawo lake lomwe limasungidwa mwachangu. Nyamazo zimadzaza gawo lawo ndi chinsinsi cha glands yomwe ili pafupi ndi anus, yomwe imanunkhira kwambiri.

Chakudya chachikulu cha ermine ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono - mbewa zam'munda, makoswe am'madzi, mandimu, zimbwe, ma chipmunks, ndi zina.

Nthawi zina nyama zimawononga zisa za mbalame zazing'ono, popeza zimadziwa kukwera bwino mitengo, kudya mazira, koma zimathanso kuukira masewera akuluakulu - grouse wakuda, capercaillie, partridge, etc.

Dokotalayo amasaka mawa ndipo amasaka mpaka mbandakucha. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwake, nyama zotsogola zimatha kulowa mkati mwa zigawo ndikuwononga banja lonse. Popeza chachikazi ndi chocheperako kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa chachimuna, ndikosavuta kwa iye kulowa mkabowo, chifukwa chake akazi amasaka motere. Ermines amasambira bwino, motero nsomba nthawi zina zimawonekera m'zakudya zawo.

Chakudya cha tsiku lililonse cha nyama izi ndi mbewa zisanu. Usiku, kukafunafuna chakudya, mzake amayenda mtunda wopitilira 3 km. (nthawi zina zoposa 15 km). Asananyamuke, amasokoneza mayendedwe ake. M'nyengo yozizira, amasankha malo ogona masana pomwe adzafunika - pansi pa mtengo wakugwa, mulu wa burashi, phokoso ... sapita kukasaka nyama yozizira kwambiri ndikukhalabe mpaka kutentha.

Nyama izi zimakhala ndi maso abwino, kumva komanso kununkhira, motero amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zonse posaka.

M'nyengo yozizira, ma arm amayesera kukhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Nthawi zambiri amapita kukawedza nkhuku, komwe amayenda mbalame ndikuwasiya mazira. Kwa kanthawi amatha kukhala m'matumba osiyidwa kunja kwa mudzi.

Mpikisano wanyama mu nyama umayamba nthawi yozizira ndipo umakhala mpaka chilimwe. Asanabadwe, mkaziyo amafufuza chisa chomwe adzabadwire. Nthawi zambiri, imagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazingwe zomwe zimasaka. Pamabowo pali ma snout angapo, amodzi amakhala ndi khola, enawo ali ndi chimbudzi. Chachikazi chimaloza m'chipinda chodyeracho ndi zikopa za nyama zophedwa. Monga lamulo, akazi amtundu wamkazi amabereka ana agalu pambuyo pa miyezi 9-10. Mu litala limodzi pali ana 5 kapena 15. Amakula pang'onopang'ono. Popeza adabadwa akhungu, popanda tsitsi, amafunikira chisamaliro, chisamaliro cha amayi. Mwezi woyamba sakhazikika pachilumbapo. Amasiya dzenje m'mwezi wachiwiri wamoyo. Popeza abadwa mu Epulo-Meyi, pakati pa chilimwe, amakula mpaka kukula ngati akuluakulu ndipo amayamba kudzidalira pawokha.

Mwa akazi, kutha msambo kumachitika koyambirira kwambiri - mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri atabadwa, amatha kumvana ndi amuna akuluakulu komanso kubala ana chaka chotsatira. Amuna, kutha msambo kumachitika chaka chotsatira chokha.

Amtchire ali ndi adani ambiri kuthengo. Ankhandwe a ku Arctic, nkhandwe, kadzidzi wa mphungu, ngakhale amphaka am'nyumba amawasaka. M'malo osungira amatha kuthana ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu monga pike ndi taimen. Ferret ndi okamba nawonso samakonda kukondwerera nyama yadyera.

Kutalika kwa nyama mwa chilengedwechi ndi zaka 2-3, ali mu ukapolo pafupifupi zaka zisanu.

Choyambitsa matenda a ermine mu vivo nthawi zambiri chimakhala scribingilosis - matenda oyamba ndi omwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (nematode) amakhudza minofu yofewa ya ubongo ndi mafupa chigaza. Milandu yodwala matenda a ermine omwe ali ndi chiwewe chodziwika bwino amadziwika. M'madera omwe kufalikira mliri, atha kukhala otenga matenda.

Mawonekedwe

Kuti mumvetsetse mawonekedwe amtundu wa nkhumba, tayerekezerani nyama yocheperako, yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi chikondi, koma nthawi yomweyo yayikulu. Ngakhale zazikazi sizikhudzidwa, ndizochepa kwambiri.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya malotowo ndi thupi loonda, lalitali, khosi lalitali, komanso chopukutira, chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe osakanizika. Chilombocho chimakhala ndi kutalika kwakanthawi 36 cm, ndipo chimalemera kupitilira 360 g.

Nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka, ermine amakhala ndi mtundu wina. M'chilimwe, kumbuyo kwa nyama yolusa imakhala yofiirira, ndipo chifuwa, m'mimba ndi kumbuyo kwa miyendoyo ndi yoyera. M'nyengo yozizira, ermine "amavala" chovala choyera cha ubweya choyera.

Chodabwitsa ndichakuti nsonga ya mchira wake imakhala yakuda chaka chonse. Pamenepa ndi chifukwa chake nyamayi imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthumwi zina za banja lakufera.

Habitat

Malo okhala ma erm akhala malo monga Asia, North America, Europe. Ku mbali ya ku Europe padziko lapansi chilombochi chimatha kupezeka, kuyambira ku Alps mpaka Scandinavia. Ku Asia, amakhala ku Mongolia, Japan, China, Himalayas.

Ku North America, nyamayo idapeza nyumba yake ku Greenland komanso pafupi ndi nyanja ya Arctic. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yolusa idayambitsidwa ku New Zealand. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa akalulu.

Moyo ndi zizolowezi

Njira ya ermine imakhazikika, ndiye kuti, atasankha malo okhala, sasintha. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje, mitsinje, nyanja. Amakonzekeretsa nyumba zawo m'tchire kapena mabango.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, nyama imasankha malo ake kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chapafupi.

Ermines amaika gawo lawo mothandizidwa ndi zinsinsi kuchokera ku mabatani apadera. Amatulutsanso madzi omwewo pakudzitchinjiriza kapena panthawi yomwe akuwopsa.

Ermines sakhala m'nyumba zawo, koma m'mayikidwe ochekera, omwe adadyapo kale. Madzi osefukira atadzaza mitsinje ndi nyanja, nyanjayi imakakamizidwa kuti isinthe kumene ikukhala, kusuntha makilomita angapo kuchokera ku dzenje lake.

M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kukumana ndi ermine yomwe ili kutali ndi komwe anthu amakhala, chifukwa pali makoswe ambiri omwe ndi oyenera kudya omwe amadyera.

Zikhalidwe za nyama malinga ndi chisankho chanyumba ndizochepa kwambiri. Amatha kukhala pansi pamwala wamba kapena chitsa chakale. Izi sizimapanga magulu awiriawiri, ndipo zazimuna zimakumana ndi amuna okha nthawi yakukhwima. Komabe, nkoyenera kunena kutiikazi, itabereka ana, imasamalira kwambiri malo ake, ndikuiphimba ndi nthambi kapena zikopa za nyama zazing'ono.

Zizolowezi za chilombo nthawi zina zimakhala zamagazi kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Pankhani yazakudya, ma arm ndi adani. Amadya hamsters, ma voles akumunda, abuluzi, ndi ma piap ngati chakudya. Akhozanso kusaka mbalame kapena kuwaza mazira kuchokera pakugona, ngati apeza, ndiye kuti amadya chilichonse.

Makoswe ndi mbewa, zomwe zimapezeka m'malo okhalamo anthu, zimatha kudya chilombocho, chifukwa chomwe nthawi zina masamba amatha kuwoneka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu.

Ngakhale kuti nyamayo ili ndi kukula kocheperako, ndiyankhondo kwambiri ndipo itha kuukira muskrat. Kuphatikiza apo, chilombocho chimasinthidwa kusaka nsomba.

Nthawi yosaka Ermine ndi usiku. Masana, nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwira ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri amagona.

Kuswana

Kubalana kumachitika kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka Seputembala, koma nthawi yomwe mayi adzakhale ndi pakati zimadalira nthawi yakukhwima.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pankhani yokhala ndi pakati, ma ermines ali ndi gawo lapadera, lomwe likuchedwa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mluza.

Kutalika kwa pakati kwa mkazi ndi pafupifupi miyezi 9-10. Nthawi zambiri ana amapezeka mu Epulo-Meyi. Chiwerengero cha ana akhanda obadwa kumene kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 9, okwera amatha kufikira 18 mu ana amodzi.

Mkazi yekha ndi amene amasamalira obadwira.

Ermine ndi bambo

Ermine sachokera ku nyama zowopa. Chidwi chimamupangitsa kuti akwere mmwamba ndikuyang'ana munthu kuchokera pamenepo. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kusayang'anira mwachidwi kwa munthu kumachepetsa chidwi cha chilombo, ndikuthawa.

Ubweya wa Ermine ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa chake kusaka kwakhala kuli kopindulitsa ndi kosaka kosaka kwa alenje. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Komabe, olusa awa ali mwanjira zina zachilengedwe, popeza amawononga tizirombo. Pazifukwa izi, m'malo ena, kusaka nyama iyi sikuletsedwa kwathunthu.

Zosangalatsa

Nyama iyi imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake:

Nthanoyi idayambitsidwa ku New Zealand kupha akalulu ambiri. Koma chilombocho chinasinthasintha mwachangu ndikuyamba kubereka kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe mbalame monga kiwi zinayamba kuvutika. Otsata awononga zisa zawo.
Amadziwika kuti ma whmis whitens nthawi yozizira, koma ngati nthawi yachisanu imakhala yotentha kumapeto kwazinyama ndikukhalanso chisanu pang'ono, ndiye kuti ubweya wake suyera. Komabe, ngati nthawi yomweyo nyamayo imasamutsidwira kumalo komwe nyengo ya chisanu imakhala yozizira ndi matalala, ubweya wake umatha kusintha posachedwa ndikukhala yoyera. Nthawi yosinthira ikhale pafupifupi masiku 5-7.
Nyama zimasiyana mwachangu kwambiri, kuthamanga komanso kulimba kwazokulira, motero kusaka nsomba kapena kupha njoka chifukwa cha nkhosazo ndi nkhani yayikulu.
Chakudya chosangalatsa kwambiri cha ma ermines ndi tambala wamadzi. Kuphatikiza poti makoswewa ndi othandiza kwa nyama yolusa pankhani ya chakudya, ilinso ndi burulu yake, yomwe chilombo chimadzitengera itatha kupha khoswe.
Kulemera kwa amuna kumaposa kulemera kwa akazi nthawi ziwiri kapena ziwiri.
Ngati mdani wapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala, munthu ayenera kukhala watcheru. Nyamayi imangokhala osaba, mwachitsanzo, mazira a nkhuku, komanso nkhuku zomwe.

Kodi erm amakhala kuti ndipo amakhala bwanji?

Ermine amakhala ku North America, Europe ndi Asia. Imapezeka paliponse, kuyambira m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Arctic kupita kunyanja zam'mwera, kuchokera ku Baltic mpaka Sakhalin. Ermine amakhala m'nkhalango-steppe, zigwa za mitsinje, minda, tundra ndi taiga. Adayambitsidwa ku New Zealand kuti alamulire kuchuluka kwa kalulu, koma osachita bwino. Fodya adachulukirachulukira ndikusandulika tizilombo, ndikuwononga nyama zazing'ono ndi mazira a mbalame zakunyumba, makamaka mbalame za kiwi.

Ermine amakhala komwe kuli makoswe ambiri. Komanso nyamayi imakonda madzi. Chifukwa chake, nyamayi imakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mitsinje. M'nkhalango simungapeze nyama, chifukwa imakonda m'mphepete, mitengo, mitsinje. Nthawi zina erm amakhala pafupi ndi munthu, m'minda, m'mapaki, kunja kwa mzindawo.

Chinyama chambiri chimakonda kukhala chokha. Ili ndi gawo lake, malire ake ndi olembedwa. Kukula kwa tsamba lino kumasiyana mahekitala 10 mpaka 20. Amuna amakhala ndi chiwembu chacikulu kuposa zazikazi. Nyamazo zimakhala mosiyana ndipo zimasiyana pakukhwima kokha. Kupatula amayi ali ndi ana. Pakadutsa zaka pamene zakudya zimakhala ndi njira yaying'ono yoyenda mtunda wautali, kusiya masamba awo.

Mphekesera imagwira ntchito makamaka madzulo ndipo usiku, nthawi zina imachitikanso masana. Nyamayi imakhala yosasamala posankha pogona. Itha kupezeka m'malo osayembekezeka - mwachitsanzo, mu haystack, mulu wa miyala kapena chitsa chakale. Titha kukhala ndi mitengo yopanda pake. Nthawi zambiri, nkhwangwa imakhala ndi zotchinga za timipande timene timaphera nayo. Ermine samakumbanso matumba ake. M'nyengo yozizira, ilibe pogona pokhazikika ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito pobisalira - pansi pa mitengo yakugwa, miyala kapena mizu yamitengo.

Nyama ndi nyama yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa, imathamanga kwambiri. Nyama imasambira mwangwiro, ikudumphira pansi ndipo imakwera mitengo mosavuta. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtengo kuti aziwopseza kapena kuwopseza kuti adani awukiridwa. Nthawi zambiri, mdani amakhala mwamtendere komanso mwakachetechete, koma akakhala wokondwa, amasunthika mofuula, mokweza komanso ma tweets.

Pritatory ermine ndi wolimba mtima komanso wokhetsa magazi. Pakakhala zopanda chiyembekezo, amatha kudziponya ngakhale pa munthu. Adani achilengedwe a nkhosazo ndi nkhandwe, mbewa, mbendera, marten, ndi mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama. Ermine amakhala zaka 2 mpaka 6. Mdaniyo ali ndi mdani wina wamkulu - uyu ndi bambo.

Ngakhale zilombozi zidakula kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa zidutswazo kudagwa chifukwa chofunafuna. Nyama yamadzimadzi imachotsedwa ndi munthu chifukwa cha ubweya waubweya. Nyamayi imaphatikizidwanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwachuma: nyama imawononga nkhuku ndi kuyikira dzira. Komabe, ermine imathandiza kupha makoswe ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwawo.

Kodi ermine amadya chiyani? Zambiri za kusaka kwa ermine.

Chidacho chikuwoneka ngati chinyama chopanda vuto komanso chokoma. Koma uyu ndi nyama yolusa kwambiri komanso yolusa. Tizilombo ta m'mimba timadya mosiyanasiyana. Chakudya chachikulu cha phula ndi makoswe. The ermine amadya mbewa zam'munda, makoswe, hamsters, ozungulira, chipmunks. Komabe, wakuba pang'ono sasamala kudya zakudya zina - nsomba, mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi, tizilombo. Komanso mbala yanzeru imawononga zisa za mbalame ndikudya mazira.

Dokotalayo amasaka mawa ndipo amasaka usiku wonse mpaka mbandakucha. Amatha kukhala olimba mtima komanso mopanda mantha mpaka kumenya masewera akuluakulu - grouse wakuda, capercaillie, hazel grouse, partridge. Ermine amagwiritsanso ntchito nyama zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kukula - maula ndi akalulu.

Mwachangu komanso mwachangu, nyamayo imathamanga ngati ikabalalika pansi, imakhazikika pakati pa zigoba ndi masamba. Imathamangira ngati mphepo ndipo sizingatheke kulingalira komwe nyama yolumirayo imatuluka mu udzu. Ndipo nthawi yozizira, amadumpha mosavuta mu chisanu osagwa.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kophatikizana, carnivorous ermine imatha kulowa m'makola aentent. Popeza wamkazi ndi wocheperako kuposa wamwamuna, ndikosavuta kwa iye kuchita izi. Chifukwa chake, zazikazi zimawerengedwa kuti ndiwosaka aluso kuposa amphongo. Ndipo kusaka kwamtunduwu kumakhala makamaka kwa akazi.

Chakudya chambiri cha ermine ndi mbewa 5 zabwino patsiku. Usiku, pofunafuna chakudya, nyama yolusa imayenda maulendo atatu kupita pa 15. Nyama izi zimamva bwino, motero, pakasaka zimawagwiritsa ntchito zonse: kupenya bwino, kumva komanso kununkhiza.

Mu chisanu iye amayenda ndi deft kudumpha mpaka theka la mita, kutalikirana ndi nthaka ndi miyendo yonse yakumbuyo. Wogwirirayo akatsimikiza, mwamunayo amayandikira kwa iye momwe angathere, kenako nkugwedeza mwachangu, kukumba mano ake kumbuyo kwa wovutayo ndikudzikulira iye. Ngati nyama singafe, kuluma kwina kuyenera kuyikidwa m'khosi. Chifukwa chake, nkhandwezo zimasukira kumbuyo, ndipo kupha nyama kumachitika mwa kuluma m'chiwalo cha wolakwiridwayo.

Ermine amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yoopsa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera za kusaka nyama kwa ermine ndi mtundu wovina wochitidwa ndi nyama. Mukuvina, amalimbitsa thupi ndikusokoneza nyama zawo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyandikira kulumpha. Kuvina kwamtundu wa pranksters kumeneku kumatchedwa kuvina kwa ermine kufa.

Nyengo yodukiza ya ermine imachitika kamodzi pachaka, kuyambira March mpaka June. Akazi amatha kubereka atakwana miyezi itatu, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi zaka 12 zokha. Mimba yaikazi imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 10.Kutalika kwa nthawi ya mimba kwa ermine chifukwa cha gawo lapadera - mluza umayamba ndikuchedwa. Chifukwa chake, ana a ermine amabadwa mu Epulo-Meyi chaka chotsatira.

Asanabadwe, wamkazi amayamba kudzikonzera ndi chisa, chomwe chimatha kukhala pansi pamiyala kapena pansi pa mtengo wakugwa. Malo obereketserako amathanso kukhala chitsa chakale, chopendekera kapena chowombera tambala. Chikazi chimayala bowo lomwe ndi zikopa ndi tsitsi la ndodo zophedwa ndi udzu wowuma.

Pafupifupi, ana 4-7 amabadwa, koma chiwerengero chokwanira chimatha kufikira anthu 18. Akazi okha ndi omwe amachita zinthu zatsopano. Ana a Ermine amawoneka ngati nyongolotsi. Ma ermines ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi kulemera kwa 3-4 g, kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 3-5. Ana a Ermine amabadwa ali khungu, opanda mano, osamva komanso yokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Pakatha sabata, mchira wake umayamba kuzimiririka. Pambuyo pa milungu itatu, mano amawoneka. Pakupita mwezi, maso awo amatseguka, patatha masiku 40 ayamba kumva.

Mwezi woyamba, mayiyo samayandikira ana, chifukwa amafunidwa ndi chisamaliro. Yaikazi imadyetsa ana mkaka kwa miyezi itatu. Ana a ermine amakula msanga ndipo amakhala osusuka kwambiri. Kuchokera pabowo amawonetsedwa m'mwezi wachiwiri wamoyo. Munthawi imeneyi, mayi samakhala mdzenje, amasaka kudya ana awo.

Amayenda ma ana amawoneka molawirira, atangotseguka. Mukamasewera, ana amakulitsa luso losaka: kuluma ndi kugwira. Ana ake akatha kudya chakudya cholimba, mayi amakonza chakudya mdzenje. Itha kukhala kalulu, mavu kapena agalu.

Ngati pali zoposa chakudya chokwanira, ndiye kuti simungangodya zokha, komanso mukhale ndi kanthu kochita nawo zosangalatsa. Kupatula apo, akatswiri aang'ono amakonda kusewera. Sakhala chete kwa mphindi. Pakanalibe mnzake mu masewera apafupi, gawo la chimbalangondo lomwe limazunzidwa limapita kwa wozunzidwayo, yemwe mayi adadzisunga ngati chakudya.

Pofika miyezi itatu ya moyo, achichepere amafikira kukula kwa achikulire. Mu Julayi, amasaka kale ndikupeza chakudya chawo. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, ana amasungika ndipo aliyense ayamba kuyima payokha.

Ngati mwakonda nkhaniyi ndipo mukufuna kuwerenga za nyama zosiyanasiyana, lembani zatsopano patsamba lathu kuti mukhale oyamba kulandira zolemba zaposachedwa komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri.

Kugawa

Amakhala ku Arctic, subarctic komanso malo otentha a Eurasia ndi North America. Ku Europe, zimachitika kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Pyrenees ndi Alps, kupatula ku Albania, Greece, Bulgaria ndi Turkey. Ku Asia, madera ake amafikira zipululu za Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China ndi kumpoto kwa Japan. Ku North America, imapezeka ku Canada, kuzilumba za Canctan Arctic, ku Greenland komanso kumpoto kwa USA (kupatula Great Plains). M'madera a Russia ndiofala kumpoto kwa Europe komanso ku Siberia.

Mtengo wamunthu

Dambo la ermine ndi lochita zoseweretsa, koma chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri chifukwa chosaka, kuwonongeka kwa chuma, kuwononga malo, zina.

Ermine ndi chinthu chosodza (ubweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokongoletsera). Zothandiza pakupha makoswe okhala ngati mbewa. Sanabweretse bwino ku New Zealand kuti ilamulire kuchuluka kwa akalulu; apa idachulukirachulukira ndikusintha kukhala tizilombo tomwe timapha nyama zazing'ono ndi mazira a mbalame zakunyumba, makamaka, kiwi.

Ermine mu Symbolism ndi Heraldry

Ermine lidalinso chisonyezo cha Kukhudza munthu (chimodzi mwazinthu zisanu).

Chizindikiro chinali choyimira (impresa ) Anne wa Breton ndi mwana wake wamkazi a Claude aku France - mkazi wa a Francis I (-), chifukwa zithunzi za mzungu zitha kuwoneka mnyumba zachifumu za France, mwachitsanzo, ku Blois. Chikopa chokhala ndi ma arm amasonyezedwa malaya amakono ndi mbendera ya Brittany, ndikupita kwa iye ndi mbendera ya a Dukes aku Brittany. Pali nthano kuti m'modzi wa olamulira a Brittany Alain Ndevu zokhota (Alain Barbetorte), atathamangitsidwa ndi a Normans, adayimitsidwa ndi mtsinje wotsekeratu, wamatope komanso wamatope. Pakadali pano, mkuluyo adawona chikwati chikuthawa mahatchi othinana ndikuyimanso pamtsinje. Pafupi ndi madzi omwewo, nyamayo idatembenukiratu, ikusankha kufa kwa dothi. Pothokoza kulimba mtima kwa nyamayo, Alain II adafuulira apongozi ake kuti: "Kufa kuposa manyazi!", A Bretons mouziridwa adatembenuka kuti ayang'ane ndi mdani.

Zinyama zilembo
Kuwona zoopsa
Cunyi
Zoyeserera zaku Europe
Zoyeserera za kumpoto kwa Amereka
Nyama zofotokozedwa mu 1758

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Onani zomwe erm lidali mu mabuku otanthauzira ena:

URBAN - Ermine, serf ku Ruchevsky Pog. 1495. Wolemba. II, 383. Vasily Ermine, mlembi wa King of Lithuania. 1507. Arch. Sat Ine, 7. Ermine, wochezeka ku Lithuania. 1520. Arch. Sat VII, I. Ermine, mlembi ku Krakow. 1525. Yu. Z. A. I, 68. Ermine, serf mu ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Ermine - Mustela erminea wonaninso 3.4.3. Mtundu wa genus Ferrets Mustela Ermine Mustela erminea (nyama zina za ku Caucasus sizimayera nthawi yachisanu). Amasiyana ndi caress ndi solongoy munyengo zonse ndi nsonga yakuda ya mchira. Njanjiyo ndi yayitali, pafupifupi ... ... Zinyama zaku Russia. Buku lothandizira

Kholo lakale la Lithuanian. Kholo lawo, Ermine Romanovich anali mu 1487 93 kazembe wa Ovruchsky. Mwa ana ake aamuna, Ivan (anamwalira mu 1558) anali kazembe wa Novogrudok komanso subcarbon wa Grand Duke of Lithuania, ndi Onykos a Royal Marshal (1555) ... Biographical Dictionary

- (Mustela erminea), mayi wachilendo waasusel ndi achibale. ofera. Chifukwa thupi 17 32 cm, mchira 6.5 12 cm. M'chilimwe, ubweya umakhala wofiirira, nthawi yozizira imakhala yoyera kwambiri, nsonga ya mchira imakhala yakuda nthawi zonse. Amakhala ku Eurasia ndi North. America, USSR pafupifupi pafupifupi gawo lonse ... ... Mtanthauziramawu a Biological encyclopedic

Chinyama, ubweya Mtanthauzira mawu ofanana Russian. ermine n., nambala yofananira: 2 nyama (10) ubweya (4 ... Dictionary of syonyms

Mammal banja lanyama. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 32 cm, mchira mpaka masentimita 10. Ku Eurasia ndi North. Amereka. Imawononga makoswe oyipa. Cholinga cha malonda a ubweya ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

URBAN, ermine, mwamuna. Chilombo chaching'ono chaubweya chamtunduwu chimadzuwa, choyera, ndi mutu wakuda wa mchira. || Ubweya wa chirombo ichi ndiwofunika kwambiri. Mtanthauzira wamanthau Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

URBAN, ine, mwamuna. Chinyama chaching'ono chomenyera izi. ngati nsapato yoyera (nthawi yozizira) ubweya wofunikira ndi nsonga yakuda ya mchira, komanso ubweya wake. | adj. ermine, ow, ow. Ermine mantle (achifumu). Buku Lofotokozera Ozhegova. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. ... ... Dongosololi Lofotokozera la Ozhegov

Ubweya wa Ermine ulibe kukokana kwambiri komanso mphamvu, pomwe ermine ndiye mutu wotsogola kwambiri padziko lapansi la furs. Nthawi zonse anali wofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyera komanso kupepuka kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, ermine imadziwika nthawi zonse kuti ndi rarity - chifukwa chake idapatsidwa zinthu zachilendo. Kufatsa modabwitsa kwa ubweya wa ermine kunapangitsa kuti nyamayo ikhale chizindikiro cha imodzi mwazinthu zisanu - kukhudza.

Sichothandiza kwenikweni pakamavalidwe tsiku lililonse. Ndipo ngati chovala cha ubweya chomwe chasokedwa kuchokera ku ubweya wake chitha kuvalidwe mumzinda waukulu, ndiye kuti sichikhala "nthawi yayitali" kwa nthawi yoposa umodzi. Kuvala kwa ubweya wa ermine kuli pafupifupi kofanana ndi gologolo kapena hare. Komabe, palibe imodzi mwatsatanetsatane yomwe imatha kupitilira ulusiwo pakuyera komanso kufewa. Zikuwoneka kuti, machitidwe awa adamupangitsa kuti azikhala ndi malo apadera pakati pa ubweya wina. Ndipo malowa ali ndi matanthauzidwe opitilira muyeso. Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti zopangidwa kuchokera ku ubweya izi nthawi zambiri zimasokedwa pa zopendekera zowonda osati kutenthetsa ndi kumenya kapena kupangira nyengo yotsalira, chifukwa chake, ngakhale ndizokongola, ndizotheka kuzimitsa mu ubweya wovala kwambiri chisanu.

Ukhondo, komanso kunyada, kuyambira kale zimapangitsa kuti nyamayi ikhale chizindikiro chokwezeka kwa anthu a banja labwino. Chithunzi chake nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja mwa mabanja olemekezeka omwe amakhala ndi mawu ngati awa: "Ndikwabwino kufa kusiyana ndikusamalidwa." Zimamveka mwamphamvu komanso mu mzimu wazikhalidwe ndi miyambo yakale. Kukongoletsa erm zovala ndi zipewa kapena zipewa za olemekezeka, oweruza ndi ambuye amaimira chiyero chamakhalidwe kapena waluntha. Ubweya wa Ermine pazovala ndi chizindikiro cha ulemu waufumu, ulemu wapadziko komanso ulemu. Nthawi zina anamwali oyera achikhristu ochokera ku mbiri yabwino, mwachitsanzo, St. Ursula, amawonetsedwa pazovala zopangidwa ndi ermine.

- chinyama chamtengo wapatali cha ubweya wofera.

Ermine ndi nyama yaying'ono yamawonekedwe abwinobwino yokhala ndi thupi lalitali pamapazi achidule, khosi lalitali komanso mutu wotalikilana ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Pakati pa zala pali bwino kusambira nembanemba. Maso ali ochepa komanso owala, masharubu ndiwotalika. Chidacho chili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono 34. Mapazi pansi penipeni pang'onopang'ono; mu ubweya wa chisanu, chimanga sichimawoneka.
Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo ndi 17-8cm (akazi ndi pafupifupi theka), mchirawo umakhala pafupifupi 35% kutalika kwa thupi - 6-12 masentimita, kulemera kwa thupi kumadalira dera komanso jenda (90-350 g). Ermines omwe amakhala kumpoto ndi ochepa kuposa omwe amakhala ku Europe. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala wolemera kuposa akazi.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, koma mosangalala amakhala kuti amalankhula mokweza, amatha kufuula, ngakhale kufuula.
Utoto wa ubweya umateteza: nthawi yozizira imakhala yoyera, nthawi yotentha imakhala ndi timitundu iwiri - pamwamba thupi ndi lofiirira, pansi ndi loyera. Nsonga ya mchira wakuda pachaka chonse. Utoto wa nthawi yozizira ndimakhala malo omwe chipale chofewa chimakhala masiku osachepera 40 pachaka. Kusiyana kwina kwa mtundu wa ubweya wozizira, mtundu wa ubweya wa chilimwe komanso kukula kwa thupi kumapangitsa kuzindikira za 26 subspecies ya ermine.
Ubweya wozizira ndi wonenepa, wowoneka bwino komanso wolimba thupi. Mchirawo ndi wautali (1/3 wa kutalika kwa thupi). Kuchulukana kwa chovalacho kumakhala kosasintha nthawi yachilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira; kutalika ndi tsitsi lake limasintha.
Ermine ndi wofalikira ku North Hemisphere - ku Arctic, madera otentha komanso otentha a Eurasia ndi North America. Ku Europe, zimachitika kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Pyrenees ndi Alps, kupatula ku Albania, Greece, Bulgaria ndi Turkey. Ku Asia, madera ake amafikira zipululu za Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China ndi kumpoto kwa Japan. Ku North America, imapezeka ku Canada, kuzilumba za Canctan Arctic, ku Greenland komanso kumpoto kwa USA (kupatula Great Plains). M'madera a Russia ndiofala kumpoto kwa Europe komanso ku Siberia.
Adayambitsidwa ku New Zealand kuti alamulire kuchuluka kwa arabi.
Dambo la ermine ndilochulukirapo kwambiri m'nkhalango zamtchire, taiga ndi tundra, komanso kumapiri, Pamirs ndi Himalayas akukwera mpaka mamita 3.5-4. Kusankha kwawo komwe amakhazikika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chachikulu - makoko ang'onoang'ono. Monga lamulo, nyamayi imakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi madzi: m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje ya mitsinje ndi mitsinje, pafupi ndi nyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, matchire a mabango ndi mabango. Nthawi zambiri pamalowa nkhalango zowirira, m'nkhalango mumakhala zowotchera kale, malo owotchera nkhalango (makamaka osakhala kutali ndi midzi ndi malo olimapo), m'nkhalango zowirira amakonda nkhalango zokongola ndi zopinga. Zodziwika mu zigawo, pamiyala yam'mphepete ndi m'mphepete mwake. M'madera akumapiri a Siberia, imafika m'malo otentha, ndikukhala pakati pamiyala yomwe ili ndi miyala ya pikas, komanso m'mapiri a kumapiri, pomwe chipale chofewa chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. M'malo okhala nkhalango, nyama yam'madzi nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala kapena m'malire awo - m'malo operekera ziweto, malo ophera ziweto, m'malo osungirako zinyama ndi nyumba zina.
Kutentha kochepa kapena matalala akulu samasokoneza moyo wabwinobwino wa nyamayi. Amamvanso bwino panthawi yamadzi osefukira, komanso nthawi ya chisanu, pomwe chisanu chimakhala chofewa ndipo chimalepheretsa nyama kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Zimatsogolera njira yokhayokha ya moyo, kukhazikika kwathunthu, makamaka nthawi yozizira, ndikupezeka kwa chakudya. Madera omwe ali m'madzi osefukira nthawi zambiri amakhala otambalala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo okwana mahekitala 8-30, pamalo otsetsereka ndi madzi osefukira, kukula kwawo kumakhala mahekitala 50-100. Kudera lililonse kuli magawo omwe ali ndi mafuta, pomwe nyama imabwerako kukasaka masiku onse atatu ndi "kuyenda", momwe simukhala nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikizika kwa madera osiyanasiyana, malire awo amakonzedweranso nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachisanu, pomwe mbadwo wachinyamata umakhala malo, ndipo gawo lakale limakhala lozunzidwa ndi osaka nyama zazikulu.
Chifukwa chosowa chakudya, nyamazo zimangokhala zofooka m'gawo linalake, zimayendayenda. Kusintha kwa malo okhala kumanenedweratu m'madambo otsika: kusefukira kwa kusefukira kwa madzi, mapiri amayang'ana kwambiri pamtunda wocheperako kapena amasamukira ku nkhalango zoyandikana nawo mtunda wa makilomita angapo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo ambiri kunja kwa midzi, komwe unyinji wa makoswe umachoka. M'mapiri, nyama zodya nyama zam'mapiri zimayenda modabwitsa, nthawi zambiri nyama zam'mapiri.
Nyumba za ermine, komanso zina zazing'ono zotchedwa marten, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotayira za makoko omwe amadya. Omwe amadzichitira yekha amafunsa movutikira: banja lina lomwe likukhala kumalo osungira ndege, komwe kunalibe malo okhala, anakumba dzenje pansi kwa sabata lalitali masentimita 15 okha. Boti lomaliza la ermine lokhala ndi zokumbira zingapo, mwa ena eni ake amapanga zimbudzi, pali zimbudzi zingapo pafupi ndi burawo. Pafupipafupi, fumu imakhala pamulu wa udzu kapena udzu, zitsa zakale, pansi pa mtengo wosemedwa kapena milu yamiyala, ndipo m'misasa mumakhala malo osungirako nyumba zosiyidwa. Chisa chowumbiracho chimapangidwa ndi udzu wowuma ndi masamba, ubweya ndi zidutswa za zikopa za ma voles ndi nthenga za mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa ndi chilombo.
Mafuta a ermine amagwira ntchito makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo nthawi yamadzulo, pamene ma voles amagwira ntchito kwambiri.
Nyama ndi nyama yodwala komanso yokalamba. Kayendedwe kake ndi kofulumira, koma kwinaku kukangana. Chifukwa cha kutha kwa thukuta, nyamayo imayenda mosavuta m'chipale chofulumira mpaka 50cm, ndipo miyendo yonse yakumbuyo ikutsikira pansi, komabe, ngati chipale chofewa chivundikiro ndichakuzama komanso chofewa, amasankha "kulowa pansi" ndikusuntha m'chipale chofewa. Posaka, amayenda mpaka 15 km pa tsiku, nthawi yozizira - pafupifupi 3 km. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha m'munsi -30 °, nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kuti asachoke. Pofuna kuthamangitsa, iye amakwera mwachangu mu tchire ndi mitengo, nthawi zina mpaka kutalika kwa 15 metres. The ermine imasambira bwino, panthawi yamadzi osefukira imatha kuthana ndi malo amadzi ndi kutalika kwa kilomita. Ikateteza kapena kuchita mantha, nyamayo imatulutsa chinsinsi chofukiza cha tiziwalo timene timayamwa, fungo lomweli, kuphatikiza mkodzo, limadziwika m'dera limodzi.
Mbalameyi imasambira komanso kukwera bwino, koma kwenikweni ndi nkhalangozi. Pazakudya zake, makoswe okhala ngati mbewa amakhala ambiri, koma mosiyana ndi msuweni wake, wopondera kudya ma voles ang'ono, nyamayo amagwiritsa ntchito makoswe akuluakulu - phokoso lamadzi, hamster, chipmunk, haylings, lemmings, etc., kuwafikira paming'alu komanso pansi pa chisanu. Mitundu yake siyilola kuti ilowe m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Akazi amasaka ma burrows nthawi zambiri kuposa amphongo. Chofunika kwambiri pakudya kwa ermine ndi mbalame ndi mazira, ndi tkomanso nsomba ndi zomangira. Ngakhale kawirikawiri (ndi kusowa kwa chakudya choyambira), ermine amadya amphibians, abuluzi ndi tizilombo. Imatha kugwirira nyama zokulirapo kuposa iwowo (capercaillie, hazel grouse, partridge, hares ndi akalulu), muzaka zanjala imadyanso zinyalala kapena zakuba kuchokera m'matumba a nyama ndi nsomba. Ndi chakudya chochuluka, fosholo imadzaza, ndikuwononga makoswe ambiri kuposa momwe imatha kudya. Amapha nyama ngati weasel - kuluma chigaza kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mtundu wa ermine umalondola makoswe, amayang'ana kununkhira, tizilombo - pa mawu, nsomba - pogwiritsa ntchito masomphenya.
Njira yosakira nyama zowononga ikuyenda, ikubwerera pafupipafupi ndi njira zake. Nthawi zambiri, pamzere wolunjika wosaposa kilomita, amatha kulumikiza njira ziwiri za ma kilomita 2-3 mulitali. Madera okha kumene kulibe chakudya, nyama zolusa zimadutsa popanda kuzengereza ndikulowera mu chisanu.Mwankhama nyama imadutsanso malo otseguka - minda, nyanja ndi mitsinje. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyamayo, ngati gundog, imalanda "chotsekeracho" pamtunda wokhazikika, itaimika mchira, m'maso mwake yakuda ikuyenda mosadukiza. Nthawi zina amayimilira ndikudzutsa "mzati" kumapazi ake am'mbuyo - oyang'aniridwa. Kulowera m'chipale chofewa, pakapita masekondi 10 mpaka 15 kumawonekeranso kumbuyo ndipo kumapitiliza kujambula maloko owoneka ngati matalala.
Ndi chakudya chochuluka, nyama yomwe imadya imatha kupha makoswe zochulukirapo kuposa momwe imatha kudya, mpaka 8-10 mbewa ndi ma voles a m'munda patsiku. Komabe, izi zimazirala ndikutentha, kotero kuti m'masiku otsatirawa, ngakhale kuti nyama singakhale yocheperako, nyama yomwe imadya imangodya mbewa ziwiri zokha patsiku, yomwe imadya pafupifupi. Nthawi zambiri amabisala nyama yomwe sikudya pomwe nthawi yovuta kwambiri: mpaka ma 20-25 ma voles amapezeka mu ma pant ake.
Chidwi chaching'ono choterechi ndi wolimba mtima, mopanda chiyembekezo, chidziponya ngakhale kupha anthu. Adani achilengedwe a ermine amaphatikizapo nkhandwe zofiira ndi imvi, martens, ilka, sable, badger American, mbalame zodyera, ndipo nthawi zina amphaka wamba amazigwira. Ambiri aefm amafa chifukwa cha matenda omwe ali ndi parodeic nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola, omwe amakhala m'malo oyamba, ndipo malembawo mwachiwonekere amakhala onyamula.
Ermine mitala imabala kamodzi pachaka. Kugonana amuna amuna kumatenga miyezi 4, kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Mimba mu akazi ndi kutalika siteji (8-9 miyezi) - mazira sakhazikika mpaka March. Zokwanira, zimatha miyezi 9 mpaka 10, choncho ana amtunduwu amawonekera mu Epulo - Meyi chaka chamawa. ana a ng'ombe mu zinyalala ndi 5-8, koma nthawi zina mpaka 18, pafupifupi 49. Mkazi yekha ndi amene amachita.
Nthawi zambiri, mayi yemwe ndi mayi amakhala mayi wachikondi kwambiri. M'masiku oyamba kubadwa kwa ana, samachoka pachisa, amatenthetsa ana ake ndi kutentha, osatha kusunga kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi. Pakumazizira pang'ono, mayiyo amatulutsa chinsalacho ndi gawo la zinyalala kapena nyama yakufa. M'masiku otentha, mmalo mwake, nthawi zina amatulutsa ana ake ku chisa chonyowa ndikuyika pamabedi ozizira a udzu ndi masamba. Kuchokera pachisa cha ana chopezeka, dokotalayo amakokera ana ake kumalo ena: mwana aliyense akatembenukira, ngakhale atakhala hafu ya kukula kwa mayi, athamanga kupita kumalo ena kumene angakhazikike ndi kukanda, mwana atapendekeka amatha kungogunda pamabampu ndi poterera. Ngati mdani kapena bambo abwera pafupi ndi dzenje lomwe lili ndi ana, mkaziyo amakalipira, kumalumphira, kuteteza ana ake.
Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala ndi unyinji wa 3-4 g wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 32-51 mm, amabadwa ali khungu, opanda mano, okhala ndi ngalande zotsekeka komanso yokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera, ndikutha masiku oyamba akusochera limodzi - chotchedwa "kudziphatikiza" kwa ana kumawonekera, komwe kumathandiza kusunga kutentha. Ana ake amakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa marten ena ang'ono: maso amatha kutseguka ali ndi mwezi umodzi wokha, ndipo ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 40 amayamba kuyankha m'mawu ("anapiye") kuwoneka ngati kowopsa. Atangoona kuwalako, ana amakula mwamphamvu komanso mwamwano, ndi chikhumbo chachikulu amayesa kudya nyama, amakangana nthawi yayitali. Amayamba kusiya chisa m'mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo. Amayi poyamba m'njira zonse zimaletsa izi ndipo, atagwira ana ake ndi "mane", amayesa kumukokera kumbuyo. Pakadali pano, kuyamwa mkaka kuyimitsidwa. Moyo wabanja umatha miyezi 3-4, kusweka kwa ana ndi kuyamba kwa kubwezeretsedwanso kwa achinyamata kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe. M'malo omwe nyama zankhondo zimasakidwa mwachangu, ochepa okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi zaka ziwiri, pomwe nyama zimakhala zaka ukapolo kwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Akazi amatha kutha msanga kwambiri, ali ndi miyezi 2-3, ndipo amuna okha azaka za 11-14 miyezi. Akazi achichepere (azaka zapakati pa 60-70 masiku) atha kupezedwa ndi amuna akuluakulu - vuto lapadera pakati pa zolengedwa zomwe zimayambitsa kupulumuka.
Ermine ndi wadyera wamba. Koma chifukwa cha ubweya wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri. Khungu loyera nyengo yachisanu yokhala ndi mchira wakuda, kale, limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zazitali, zipewa ndi zovala za anthu abwino. Nyamayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri, ikuwononga tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa chake, mu 1950s, chiletso chokwanira chokhudza kusodza kwamafuta adayambitsidwa makamaka ku Sakhalin kuti athane ndi ma voels omwe amafala kwambiri.
Sanabweretse bwino ku New Zealand kuti ilamulire kuchuluka kwa akalulu; apa idachulukirachulukira ndikusintha kukhala tizilombo tomwe timapha nyama zazing'ono ndi mazira a mbalame zakunyumba, makamaka, kiwi.

Ngati mungapeze typo, cholakwika kapena cholakwika, tiuzeni - tisankhe ndikusindikiza Ctrl Enter

- mayi wachipembedzo cha makolo. Ermine amapezeka m'malo a Northern Hemisphere - ku Arctic, subarctic ndi malo otentha. Ku Russia, ermine amakhala kumpoto kwa gawo la ku Europe komanso. Kukhazikika kwa malo amtundu wa ermine kumakhazikika m'nkhalango-steppe, taiga ndi tundra zigawo za Russia. Pazonse, asayansi ali ndi mitundu makumi awiri mphambu isanu ndi umodzi ya ermine.

Ermine ndi nyama yaying'ono. Nyama imakhala ndi thunthu lalitali, lokwera komanso laling'ono. Nyamayi imakhala ndi khosi lalitali, mutu wooneka ngatiutatu, ndi makutu ang'ono. Kukula kwa thupi laimuna ndi 17 - 38 cm, ndipo yaikazi imakhala yocheperako kawiri. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa thupi ndi mchira - pafupifupi 6 - 12 cm.C kulemera kwa nyamayo kumayambira 70 mpaka 260 magalamu.

Mtundu wa ubweya umasinthidwa chaka chonse, kulola kuti nyamayo ikhale yosawoneka: nthawi yozizira mtundu wake ndi woyera, nthawi yotentha msana umakhala wonyezimira, ndipo pamimba pake ndi oyera. Mtundu woyenera nthawi yozizira umapezeka mu nyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo omwe nthawi yozizira imakhala masiku osachepera 40 pachaka.

Malo omwe kudzikundikira nyamayo imachitika chifukwa cha chakudya - makoswe angapo ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri ermine imapezeka m'malo omwe muli madzi (mitsinje, mitsinje, nyanja). Munthawi Siberia Nyama ndiyosowa, amakonda kudula ndi m'mphepete. Munkhalango zowirira, munthu amatha kupeza mitengo ya m'nkhalango zowirira komanso nkhalango zowuma. Ermine amayesa kupewa malo otseguka. Itha kupezeka pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu (pamtunda, m'munda, paki yamapiri).

Amapiri amakhala okha. Chilombocho ndi chizindikiro cha malire a gawo lake ndi chinsinsi cha tiziwalo tambiri. Dera lokhalidwa ndi erm imodzi limatha kukhala mahekitala 10 mpaka 20. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo lochulukirapo kuposa la akazi. Amuna ndi akazi amalumikizana kokha pakukhwima. Pakakhala chakudya chokwanira, stoat amasiya malo awo, akuyenda mtunda wautali.

Ermine nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo, nthawi zina amatha kupezeka masana. Dengalo amakonza zisa zake m'malo osiyanasiyana: m'malo osungira zinthu, mumulu wamiyala, m'm nyumba zowonongeka kapena mitengo yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe munthu amakhala. Madzi akasefukira, nyamayo imakhazikika mumtengo wopanda kanthu. Komanso, nyamayo imakhala m'miyala yamiyala yomwe amadya nayo. Wamkazi amagwiritsa ntchito ubweya ndi khungu la omwe amamuzunza (nthawi zina udzu wouma) ngati zofunda. Ermine yekha satero. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamayo ilibe malo ake osungirako. Nyama imabisala pansi pamizu yamiyala, m'miyala yamiyala, pansi pa mitengo. Ermine samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito malo omwewo.

Mbawala imatha kusambira komanso kukwera mitengo bwino. Imakudya makoswe okhala ngati mbewa: ma voles am'madzi, hamsters, chipmunks, lemmings. Nyamayi sigwiritsa ntchito makoswe ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa kukula kwake sikungalowe m'makola awo. Nyamayi imadyetsa mbalame ndi mazira, nthawi zambiri nsomba ndi zolengedwa. Ndikusowa chakudya, amadya am'madzi ambiri, abuluzi ndi tizilombo. Ermine amasaka mbalame ndi nyama zomwe ndi zazikulu kuposa izo: grouse, grouse, partridge, hares ndi akalulu. Ndi chakudya chokwanira, nyamayo imadzaza, ndikupha makoswe ambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira kudyetsa. Pogwira nyama yake, wolumayo amaluma kumbuyo kwa chigaza. Kusaka makoswe, nyamayi imagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za fungo, kwinaku ikugwira tizilombo - ziwalo za kumva, ndikutsata nsomba mothandizidwa ndi masomphenya opangidwa bwino.

Kuyambira pakati pa Febuluwale mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi - abambo amakhala ndi nthawi yogonana. Mimba yaikazi imatenga miyezi 9 - 10. Chifukwa chake, m'badwo wachinyamata umangobadwa mu Epulo - Meyi chaka chamawa. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ana anayi mpaka 9, omwe amabala popanda wamwamuna. Makanda obadwa kumene amalemera magalamu atatu, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 30-50 mm. Pobadwa, ana ake samawona, alibe mano ndipo ngalande yolumikizidwa siyinapangidwe. Thupi lawo lonse limakutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera. Mu June - Julayi ayamba kusaka okha.

Pangotha miyezi 2 - 3, akazi amakhala okhwima, ndipo amuna okha ndi miyezi 11 - 14. Mwachilengedwe, nyama ya nyama imakhala ndi zaka 1-2, nthawi zina nyama imafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuchuluka kwa ermine kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa makoswe: pakalibe chakudya, chonde cha wolusa chimatsika kwambiri.

Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa ma ermine kumachepetsedwa chifukwa chosaka anthu, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nyama zomwe amadya, komanso kuchepa kwa malo okhala makoswe. Mbirazi ndi ubweya wofunikira, motero, zakhala zofunikira kusaka. Amasaka nyama zam'madzi mothandizidwa ndi misampha yaying'ono ndi malupu. Zida zamfuti sizinagwiritsidwepo ntchito, kuti zisawononge khungu.

Ku Russia ndi Siberia ermine amagawidwa kuzilumba za Arctic Ocean. Koma kumwera chiwerengero cha anthu ndiochulukirapo kuposa kumpoto. Ku Karelia, chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mayendedwe a 0.78 pamtunda wa 10 km. M'madera akumwera, kuchuluka kwa nyamayo ndiwokwera - 0,99, pakatikati - 0.73, m'chigawo chakumpoto - 0,49 pa 10 km.

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Ermine ndi nyama yaying'ono yamawonekedwe abwinobwino yokhala ndi thupi lalitali pamapazi achidule, khosi lalitali komanso mutu wotalikilana ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Pakati pa zala pali bwino kusambira nembanemba. Maso ali ochepa komanso owala, masharubu ndiwotalika. Chidacho chili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono 34. Mapazi pansi penipeni pang'onopang'ono; mu ubweya wa chisanu, chimanga sichimawoneka.
Kutalika kwamphongo kwamphongo ndi 17-8cm (akazi ndi pafupifupi theka), mchirawo umakhala pafupifupi 35% kutalika kwa thupi - 6-12 masentimita, kulemera kwa thupi kumadalira dera komanso jenda (90-350 g). Ermines omwe amakhala kumpoto ndi ochepa kuposa omwe amakhala ku Europe. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala wolemera kuposa akazi.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, koma mosangalala amakhala kuti amalankhula mokweza, amatha kufuula, ngakhale kufuula.
Utoto wa ubweya umateteza: nthawi yozizira imakhala yoyera, nthawi yotentha imakhala ndi timitundu iwiri - pamwamba thupi ndi lofiirira, pansi ndi loyera. Nsonga ya mchira wakuda pachaka chonse. Utoto wa nthawi yozizira ndimakhala malo omwe chipale chofewa chimakhala masiku osachepera 40 pachaka. Kusiyana kwina kwa mtundu wa ubweya wozizira, mtundu wa ubweya wa chilimwe komanso kukula kwa thupi kumapangitsa kuzindikira za 26 subspecies ya ermine.
Ubweya wozizira ndi wonenepa, wowoneka bwino komanso wolimba thupi. Mchirawo ndi wautali (1/3 wa kutalika kwa thupi). Kuchulukana kwa chovalacho kumakhala kosasintha nthawi yachilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira; kutalika ndi tsitsi lake limasintha.
Ermine ndi wofalikira ku North Hemisphere - ku Arctic, madera otentha komanso otentha a Eurasia ndi North America. Ku Europe, zimachitika kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Pyrenees ndi Alps, kupatula ku Albania, Greece, Bulgaria ndi Turkey. Ku Asia, madera ake amafikira zipululu za Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Northeast China ndi kumpoto kwa Japan. Ku North America, imapezeka ku Canada, kuzilumba za Canctan Arctic, ku Greenland komanso kumpoto kwa USA (kupatula Great Plains). M'madera a Russia ndiofala kumpoto kwa Europe komanso ku Siberia.
Adayambitsidwa ku New Zealand kuti alamulire kuchuluka kwa arabi.
Dambo la ermine ndilochulukirapo kwambiri m'nkhalango zamtchire, taiga ndi tundra, komanso kumapiri, Pamirs ndi Himalayas akukwera mpaka mamita 3.5-4. Kusankha kwawo komwe amakhazikika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chachikulu - makoko ang'onoang'ono. Monga lamulo, nyamayi imakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi madzi: m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje ya mitsinje ndi mitsinje, pafupi ndi nyanja zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, matchire a mabango ndi mabango. Nthawi zambiri pamalowa nkhalango zowirira, m'nkhalango mumakhala zowotchera kale, malo owotchera nkhalango (makamaka osakhala kutali ndi midzi ndi malo olimapo), m'nkhalango zowirira amakonda nkhalango zokongola ndi zopinga. Zodziwika mu zigawo, pamiyala yam'mphepete ndi m'mphepete mwake. M'madera akumapiri a Siberia, imafika m'malo otentha, ndikukhala pakati pamiyala yomwe ili ndi miyala ya pikas, komanso m'mapiri a kumapiri, pomwe chipale chofewa chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. M'malo okhala nkhalango, nyama yam'madzi nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala kapena m'malire awo - m'malo operekera ziweto, malo ophera ziweto, m'malo osungirako zinyama ndi nyumba zina.
Kutentha kochepa kapena matalala akulu samasokoneza moyo wabwinobwino wa nyamayi. Amamvanso bwino panthawi yamadzi osefukira, komanso nthawi ya chisanu, pomwe chisanu chimakhala chofewa ndipo chimalepheretsa nyama kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Zimatsogolera njira yokhayokha ya moyo, kukhazikika kwathunthu, makamaka nthawi yozizira, ndikupezeka kwa chakudya. Madera omwe ali m'madzi osefukira nthawi zambiri amakhala otambalala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo okwana mahekitala 8-30, pamalo otsetsereka ndi madzi osefukira, kukula kwawo kumakhala mahekitala 50-100. Kudera lililonse kuli magawo omwe ali ndi mafuta, pomwe nyama imabwerako kukasaka masiku onse atatu ndi "kuyenda", momwe simukhala nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikizika kwa madera osiyanasiyana, malire awo amakonzedweranso nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachisanu, pomwe mbadwo wachinyamata umakhala malo, ndipo gawo lakale limakhala lozunzidwa ndi osaka nyama zazikulu.
Chifukwa chosowa chakudya, nyamazo zimangokhala zofooka m'gawo linalake, zimayendayenda.Kusintha kwa malo okhala kumanenedweratu m'madambo otsika: kusefukira kwa kusefukira kwa madzi, mapiri amayang'ana kwambiri pamtunda wocheperako kapena amasamukira ku nkhalango zoyandikana nawo mtunda wa makilomita angapo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo ambiri kunja kwa midzi, komwe unyinji wa makoswe umachoka. M'mapiri, nyama zodya nyama zam'mapiri zimayenda modabwitsa, nthawi zambiri nyama zam'mapiri.
Nyumba za ermine, komanso zina zazing'ono zotchedwa marten, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotayira za makoko omwe amadya. Omwe amadzichitira yekha amafunsa movutikira: banja lina lomwe likukhala kumalo osungira ndege, komwe kunalibe malo okhala, anakumba dzenje pansi kwa sabata lalitali masentimita 15 okha. Boti lomaliza la ermine lokhala ndi zokumbira zingapo, mwa ena eni ake amapanga zimbudzi, pali zimbudzi zingapo pafupi ndi burawo. Pafupipafupi, fumu imakhala pamulu wa udzu kapena udzu, zitsa zakale, pansi pa mtengo wosemedwa kapena milu yamiyala, ndipo m'misasa mumakhala malo osungirako nyumba zosiyidwa. Chisa chowumbiracho chimapangidwa ndi udzu wowuma ndi masamba, ubweya ndi zidutswa za zikopa za ma voles ndi nthenga za mbalame zomwe zimadyedwa ndi chilombo.
Mafuta a ermine amagwira ntchito makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo nthawi yamadzulo, pamene ma voles amagwira ntchito kwambiri.
Nyama ndi nyama yodwala komanso yokalamba. Kayendedwe kake ndi kofulumira, koma kwinaku kukangana. Chifukwa cha kutha kwa thukuta, nyamayo imayenda mosavuta m'chipale chofulumira mpaka 50cm, ndipo miyendo yonse yakumbuyo ikutsikira pansi, komabe, ngati chipale chofewa chivundikiro ndichakuzama komanso chofewa, amasankha "kulowa pansi" ndikusuntha m'chipale chofewa. Posaka, amayenda mpaka 15 km pa tsiku, nthawi yozizira - pafupifupi 3 km. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha m'munsi -30 °, nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kuti asachoke. Pofuna kuthamangitsa, iye amakwera mwachangu mu tchire ndi mitengo, nthawi zina mpaka kutalika kwa 15 metres. The ermine imasambira bwino, panthawi yamadzi osefukira imatha kuthana ndi malo amadzi ndi kutalika kwa kilomita. Ikateteza kapena kuchita mantha, nyamayo imatulutsa chinsinsi chofukiza cha tiziwalo timene timayamwa, fungo lomweli, kuphatikiza mkodzo, limadziwika m'dera limodzi.
Mbalameyi imasambira komanso kukwera bwino, koma kwenikweni ndi nkhalangozi. Pazakudya zake, makoswe okhala ngati mbewa amakhala ambiri, koma mosiyana ndi msuweni wake, wopondera kudya ma voles ang'ono, nyamayo amagwiritsa ntchito makoswe akuluakulu - phokoso lamadzi, hamster, chipmunk, haylings, lemmings, etc., kuwafikira paming'alu komanso pansi pa chisanu. Mitundu yake siyilola kuti ilowe m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Akazi amasaka ma burrows nthawi zambiri kuposa amphongo. Chofunika kwambiri pakudya kwa ermine ndi mbalame ndi mazira, ndi tkomanso nsomba ndi zomangira. Ngakhale kawirikawiri (ndi kusowa kwa chakudya choyambira), ermine amadya amphibians, abuluzi ndi tizilombo. Imatha kugwirira nyama zokulirapo kuposa iwowo (capercaillie, hazel grouse, partridge, hares ndi akalulu), muzaka zanjala imadyanso zinyalala kapena zakuba kuchokera m'matumba a nyama ndi nsomba. Ndi chakudya chochuluka, fosholo imadzaza, ndikuwononga makoswe ambiri kuposa momwe imatha kudya. Amapha nyama ngati weasel - kuluma chigaza kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mtundu wa ermine umalondola makoswe, amayang'ana kununkhira, tizilombo - pa mawu, nsomba - pogwiritsa ntchito masomphenya.
Njira yosakira nyama zowononga ikuyenda, ikubwerera pafupipafupi ndi njira zake. Nthawi zambiri, pamzere wolunjika wosaposa kilomita, amatha kulumikiza njira ziwiri za ma kilomita 2-3 mulitali. Madera okha kumene kulibe chakudya, nyama zolusa zimadutsa popanda kuzengereza ndikulowera mu chisanu. Mwankhama nyama imadutsanso malo otseguka - minda, nyanja ndi mitsinje. Pofunafuna chakudya, nyamayo, ngati gundog, imalanda "chotsekeracho" pamtunda wokhazikika, itaimika mchira, m'maso mwake yakuda ikuyenda mosadukiza. Nthawi zina amayimilira ndikudzutsa "mzati" kumapazi ake am'mbuyo - oyang'aniridwa. Kulowera m'chipale chofewa, pakapita masekondi 10 mpaka 15 kumawonekeranso kumbuyo ndipo kumapitiliza kujambula maloko owoneka ngati matalala.
Ndi chakudya chochuluka, nyama yomwe imadya imatha kupha makoswe zochulukirapo kuposa momwe imatha kudya, mpaka 8-10 mbewa ndi ma voles a m'munda patsiku. Komabe, izi zimazirala ndikutentha, kotero kuti m'masiku otsatirawa, ngakhale kuti nyama singakhale yocheperako, nyama yomwe imadya imangodya mbewa ziwiri zokha patsiku, yomwe imadya pafupifupi. Nthawi zambiri amabisala nyama yomwe sikudya pomwe nthawi yovuta kwambiri: mpaka ma 20-25 ma voles amapezeka mu ma pant ake.
Chidwi chaching'ono choterechi ndi wolimba mtima, mopanda chiyembekezo, chidziponya ngakhale kupha anthu. Adani achilengedwe a ermine amaphatikizapo nkhandwe zofiira ndi imvi, martens, ilka, sable, badger American, mbalame zodyera, ndipo nthawi zina amphaka wamba amazigwira. Ambiri aefm amafa chifukwa cha matenda omwe ali ndi parodeic nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola, omwe amakhala m'malo oyamba, ndipo malembawo mwachiwonekere amakhala onyamula.
Ermine mitala imabala kamodzi pachaka. Kugonana amuna amuna kumatenga miyezi 4, kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Mimba mu akazi ndi kutalika siteji (8-9 miyezi) - mazira sakhazikika mpaka March. Zokwanira, zimatha miyezi 9 mpaka 10, choncho ana amtunduwu amawonekera mu Epulo - Meyi chaka chamawa. ana a ng'ombe mu zinyalala ndi 5-8, koma nthawi zina mpaka 18, pafupifupi 49. Mkazi yekha ndi amene amachita.
Nthawi zambiri, mayi yemwe ndi mayi amakhala mayi wachikondi kwambiri. M'masiku oyamba kubadwa kwa ana, samachoka pachisa, amatenthetsa ana ake ndi kutentha, osatha kusunga kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi. Pakumazizira pang'ono, mayiyo amatulutsa chinsalacho ndi gawo la zinyalala kapena nyama yakufa. M'masiku otentha, mmalo mwake, nthawi zina amatulutsa ana ake ku chisa chonyowa ndikuyika pamabedi ozizira a udzu ndi masamba. Kuchokera pachisa cha ana chopezeka, dokotalayo amakokera ana ake kumalo ena: mwana aliyense akatembenukira, ngakhale atakhala hafu ya kukula kwa mayi, athamanga kupita kumalo ena kumene angakhazikike ndi kukanda, mwana atapendekeka amatha kungogunda pamabampu ndi poterera. Ngati mdani kapena bambo abwera pafupi ndi dzenje lomwe lili ndi ana, mkaziyo amakalipira, kumalumphira, kuteteza ana ake.
Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala ndi unyinji wa 3-4 g wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 32-51 mm, amabadwa ali khungu, opanda mano, okhala ndi ngalande zotsekeka komanso yokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera, ndikutha masiku oyamba akusochera limodzi - chotchedwa "kudziphatikiza" kwa ana kumawonekera, komwe kumathandiza kusunga kutentha. Ana ake amakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa marten ena ang'ono: maso amatha kutseguka ali ndi mwezi umodzi wokha, ndipo ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 40 amayamba kuyankha m'mawu ("anapiye") kuwoneka ngati kowopsa. Atangoona kuwalako, ana amakula mwamphamvu komanso mwamwano, ndi chikhumbo chachikulu amayesa kudya nyama, amakangana nthawi yayitali. Amayamba kusiya chisa m'mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo. Amayi poyamba m'njira zonse zimaletsa izi ndipo, atagwira ana ake ndi "mane", amayesa kumukokera kumbuyo. Pakadali pano, kuyamwa mkaka kuyimitsidwa. Moyo wabanja umatha miyezi 3-4, kusweka kwa ana ndi kuyamba kwa kubwezeretsedwanso kwa achinyamata kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe. M'malo omwe nyama zankhondo zimasakidwa mwachangu, ochepa okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi zaka ziwiri, pomwe nyama zimakhala zaka ukapolo kwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Akazi amatha kutha msanga kwambiri, ali ndi miyezi 2-3, ndipo amuna okha azaka za 11-14 miyezi. Akazi achichepere (azaka zapakati pa 60-70 masiku) atha kupezedwa ndi amuna akuluakulu - vuto lapadera pakati pa zolengedwa zomwe zimayambitsa kupulumuka.
Ermine ndi wadyera wamba. Koma chifukwa cha ubweya wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri. Khungu loyera nyengo yachisanu yokhala ndi mchira wakuda, kale, limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zazitali, zipewa ndi zovala za anthu abwino. Nyamayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri, ikuwononga tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa chake, mu 1950s, chiletso chokwanira chokhudza kusodza kwamafuta adayambitsidwa makamaka ku Sakhalin kuti athane ndi ma voels omwe amafala kwambiri.
Sanabweretse bwino ku New Zealand kuti ilamulire kuchuluka kwa akalulu; apa idachulukirachulukira ndikusintha kukhala tizilombo tomwe timapha nyama zazing'ono ndi mazira a mbalame zakunyumba, makamaka, kiwi.

252. Zikudziwika kuti zonama - nyama yaying'ono yolusa yokhala ndi ubweya wofunikira, kudya makoswe ngati mbewa. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, sankhani ziganizo zitatu m'mndandanda womwe uli pansipa. zambiri Zizindikiro za nyama iyi.

1) Kodi nkhani yausodzi ndi iti?

2) Ali ndi mano okhoza kudula khungu la wozunzidwa.

3) Kutalika kwa thupi laimuna ndi 17-38 masentimita (akazi ndi pafupifupi theka), ndipo kulemera kwa thupi ndi 260 g.

4) Makukidwe amtundu ndi makulidwe ake zimapangitsa kuti athe kusiyanitsa pafupifupi masamba 26 am'mbuyo.

5) Amatsogolera paokhaokha malo okhala.

6) Ermine anali choyimira cha A. Breton ndi mwana wake wamkazi K. French - mkazi wa Francis I, chifukwa chake, zifaniziro za ermine zimatha kuwoneka mu nyumba zachifumu za France.

253. Pakati pa nyama zamkati, mtundu wa Mollusks ndi wachiwiri kokha pamtundu wa mitundu

254. Ndi ntchito yanji yotsatirayi yomwe imagwidwa ndi mawwwits?

Mverani mawu a Ermine

M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya umakhala wosowa komanso wosakhazikika, ndipo nyengo yozizira imakhala yofewa komanso yolimba. Kukhetsa kwa nyama izi kumachitika kawiri pachaka - kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Kusungunuka kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala kotalika, pang'ono ndi pang'ono, koyamba kuthira mutu, kenako kumbuyo, kenako m'mimba. Mu nthawi yophukira, nyamayo imapindika molunjika - kuchokera pamimba, ndipo izi zimachitika pafupifupi kawiri. Ma subspecies ena omwe amakhala kumwera sasintha mtundu wa malaya awo nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, chovala chawo chimakhala choperewera.

Khalidwe la Ermine ndi zakudya

Ermine amakonda kukhala ku taiga, tundra ndi nkhalango-steppe. Miyoyo yokhala pafupi ndi madzi osungira nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri mumatchire ndi zitsamba zamatalala. Amayesa kuti asalowe mumtunda wamagetsi, ndipo samakonda malo otseguka ndi masamba ochepa. Muzikhala moyo wopanda wokha. Nyama iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lake, malire ake momwe amalembera ndowe ndi mkodzo. Zinthu zachimuna ndizazikulu kwambiri kuposa zazikazi. Nyengo yamphongo ikadzayamba, anyani amphongo amabwera kumadera achikazi.

Ermine ndi mdani weniweni. Amasaka nyama yokhala ndi nyama, ma buluku, abuluzi, ma pikasi, ma chipmunks, mbalame ndi tizilombo. Akapeza mazira a mbalame inayake, ndiye kuti amadya. Omukonzera pali mbewa ndi makoswe, zomwe ndizambiri pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu. Amadya mapuloteni komanso ma hares. Nyama ndi nyama yolusa kwambiri - itakhala ndi kukula kwake yaying'ono ingathe kulimbana ndi nyama yomwe ili yayikulu kuposa kukula kwake, mpaka imagunda moskrat. Amagwira ndi kudya nsomba.

Ermine ndi wadyera pang'ono.

Ma Ermines samapanga mabowo, kupuma, amakhala m'malo achitetezo. Nthawi zambiri amasaka usiku, koma nthawi zina amatha kusaka masana. Amakhala moyo wongokhala ndipo amasintha malo okhala pokhapokha ngati alibe chakudya.

Adani a Ermine

Chifukwa chothamanga, ulesi komanso kuthamanga, nyamayi imapewa kudya zilombo zomwe zimadya, zimawavuta kuti zizigwira. Mdani wamkulu kwambiri ndiye munthu. Choyamba, ndimawononga nyama chifukwa cha ubweya, womwe umagulitsidwa. Pafupifupi pafamuyo, nyamayo imaphedwa pofuna kuteteza nkhuku ku iyo. Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kwatsika kwambiri. Deralo lalembedwa mu International Red Book ngati mtundu womwe ukuwopsezedwa kuti uwonongeke kwathunthu.

Ngati mwapeza cholakwika, chonde sankhani gawo ndikusindikiza Ctrl + Lowani.

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