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Possum - izi ndi zinyama zazing'ono, nazonso ndi zachinyengo za marsupials. Oimira oyambilira adawonekera kalekale, kumapeto kwa Cretaceous. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, sanasinthebe kwambiri.

Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi morphology yawo, choyambirira, kapangidwe ka thumba ndi miyendo, ndipo chachiwiri, malo amano malinga ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono: zisanu zosunthira kumtunda, zinayi pansi, mano ndi molar zimapangidwa bwino. Pazonse, ali ndi mano 50 mkamwa mwawo.

Kukula kwa momwe mungasinthire kungasiyane masentimita 7 mpaka 50, kutengera mtundu. Mulemera kwambiri mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ma kilogalamu. Kupukutira kwa nyama kumakhala lakuthwa nthawi zonse, ndipo kumunsi kwa mchira kumatha kukhala kunenepa komwe mafuta ochulukirapo amawasungitsa tsiku lamvula.

Mchira wawo umakhala pafupifupi wopanda tsitsi. Thupi la phenamu limakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, koma lalifupi. Kumalekezero a ma tchire, ma penti amakhala ndi zala zisanu zokhala ndi zala lakuthwa. Alibe usiku.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambira kwambiri m'zakudya, komanso timatha kukhala omnivores. Zakudya zimatengera malo mwachindunji. Zina zimakonda mbewu, pomwe zina zimasaka zonse.

Opossum Habitat

Pakadali pano, malo onse opezeka kumpoto ndi South America kuchokera ku Ontario mpaka ku Argentina, atafukula ku Europe, zinthu zakale zopezeka m'mafuta opezeka mu malo opezeka pansi ndi akatswiri a paleontologists.

Malo awo amakhala ochulukirapo, amakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri, komanso m'malo opululu, mitundu ina imakhala yokhala m'madzi, ena amakonda kukhazikika m'mitengo kapena m'malo otetezeka.

Palinso mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'mapiri, pamtunda wamtunda wokwera mpaka mikono zikwi zinayi kuposa nyanja.

Chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi kubereka

Mwachilengedwe, nyama ndizolakalaka, kupatula nyengo yakuswana. Opossums ndi ochulukirachulukira - kubereka kwa azimayi kumangokhala milungu iwiri yokha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mawere kumadutsa makumi awiri mu zinyalala chimodzi.

Chiyembekezo chamoyo sichikupita zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, kutha msambo m'magulu onse awiriwa kumachitika ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.

Zimalusa bwanji nyama nyama wamanyazi kwambiri. Pakakhala msonkhano ndi nyama yolusa, imagwa kwambiri ndikuyesera kuti wafa. Pakadali pano, chithovu chochulukirapo chimayamba kutuluka mkamwa, m'maso mumakhala mitambo, ndipo chinsinsi, fungo lakuthwa kwambiri, chimamasulidwa ku tiziwalo tambiri. Popeza tavutitsa thupi, nthawi zambiri, nyama yolusa imadana ndi masamba, ndipo nyamayo imakhalanso ndi moyo ndikuthawa.

Poona zoopsa, a phenum amatha kunamizira kuti ndifa pomwe akutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa

Possums kunyumba

Monga ziweto za banja, muyenera kuganizira zosankha monga izi zotheka kunyumba. Nyama izi zimachita modekha, chilichonse chimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chake.

Palibe chifukwa choti musalange chiweto cholakwacho mwakuthupi, chifukwa cha izi amatha kupweteketsa mtima nkuluma, simuyenera kumadzimanganso nthawi yayitali, amakwiya ndikumangidwa.

Popeza ndi achule odabwitsa, mchira wokhazikika komanso zopondera zimawathandiza pamenepa, ndibwino kuti mugule kapena mupangireni nokha zida zophunzitsira.

Shugaamuamu, monga mawonekedwe otchuka kwambiri kunyumba, ndiwosankha kwambiri chakudya. Kuchokera pazakudya zosankhidwa bwino, moyo wake ungachepetse kwambiri.

Choyamba, simungathe kumawadyetsa zakudya zomaliza, ndipo chachiwiri, muyenera kudyetsa nthawi zonse mtedza ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, popeza ndizopatsa chidwi.

Nthawi zina mutha kupatsa nyama, masamba ndi zipatso, kuwonjezera apo, amakonda kwambiri ntchentche, mphutsi, otchuka kwambiri pakati pa asodzi, mphutsi - mphutsi za ntchentche. Opossum ndi cholengedwa chokongola, komabe ndichilengedwe.

Sisitimu ya shuga kapenaamu ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri panyumba.

Mtengo wa shuga posum (amu) umasiyana ndi ma 2500 mpaka 10000 ma ruble, ngakhale pali oweta omwe amafunsira ziweto zawo ndi ma ruble 15 ndi 20,000. Mitengo ndi yaposachedwa kuyambira pa 02.08. Chaka cha 2016.

Malonda ochokera ku Ice Age ankakonda kusambira, izi zimakhudzana ndi moyo weniweni, chifukwa ndi zanthete zazikulu, chifukwa chake, ng ombe ya nyamayo iyenera kutsukidwa pafupipafupi, kamodzi kamodzi masiku awiri.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala madzi okwanira mu cell, chifukwa ma opossums amamwa pafupipafupi komanso yambiri, ndipo kusowa kwa chinyezi kumatha kudzetsa matenda.

Possum ndi ana

Ngati ana akufuna nyama yonga zotheka kugula itha kukhala m'malo osungira makolo kapena kwa akuluakulu. Komanso pamasamba odziwika nthawi zonse pamakhala gawo logulitsa nyama, momwe mungasankhire zofanizira zachilendo.

Mukakhala ndi chiweto chotere, mudzakumbukira nthawi zambiri zoseketsa zomwe mumatha kuwonera tsiku lililonse, chifukwa aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso mawonekedwe ake osewera. Popeza chilombochi ndichulukana, mtengo pa mwana phenamu osati okwera kwambiri - m'dera la rubles 3,000,000.

Possum fur

Asayansi apeza kuti mawonekedwe a tsitsi kuchokera ku inclum ali ofanana kwambiri ndi tsitsi la chimbudzi - ndiloboweka mkati, lomwe limasungabe kutentha, kuwonjezera, kuwala kumasewera bwino pakhungu lake.

Chifukwa cha machitidwe otere, ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa opanga malaya aubweya. Chovala cha Opossum Fur kuvala bwino sikuwoneka koyipa kuposa kakhalidwe. Popeza kuswana kwawo ndi chinthu chophweka, mtengo wamtundu wotere umakhala mumitundu yokwana rubles 3,000.

Zovala zaubweya zoterezi ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata a fashionistas omwe alibe ndalama zokwanira kugula chinthu chodula. Choipa chokha ndi kusatheka kwake.

Chovala choterocho cha ubweya chimatha kutumikira mokhulupirika, chisamaliro choyenera, mpaka nyengo isanu yachisanu - izi sizowerengeka, koma osati zochepa. Ngakhale chovala cha mink, mwina, pazaka zisanu, azimayi ambiri adzafunika atenge china chatsopano.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a phenum

"Nkhandwe yaing'ono yofiirira yokhala ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi mchira wautali" ndilo kufotokoza koyamba kwa phenum, yopangidwa mu 1553. Kenako Pedro Siesa adafika ku America. Uyu ndi wojambula zaku Spain, m'modzi mwa oyamba zanthawi.

Siez sanali dokotala wamawoko. Mitundu ya phenum idatsimikiziridwa molakwika. M'malo mwake, nyamayo ndi infraclass ya marsupials, osati canine, ngati nkhandwe.

Mwa mabanja, magawo awiri apadera ndi osiyana:

Waku Australia Zimaphatikizanso gawo lamkango la nyama zazinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi chikwama pamimba pawo. Apa, ndi kangaroo, ndi ma bandicuts, ndi marsupial moles, oimira olusa a kalasi monga Tasmania satana.
Waku America Imayimiridwa kokha ndi kufunafuna kwakanthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, ku Australia kuli mtundu wofanana - Possum. Malo okhala ku Mars nthawi zambiri amatchedwa endros ku Australia, zimangokhala kumayiko ake okha. Komabe, zoona zake, zolengedwa zosavuta kwambiri ndizopezeka ku New World.

Kukhala nyama yakalamba, phenamu:

Ali ndi mano 50. Zisanu ndi zinayi za iwo ndi incisors. Asanu ali pamwambapa ndipo 4 pansipa. Ichi ndi chipangidwe chakale kwambiri cha dzino lomwe limapezeka mwa zolengedwa zoyambirira padziko lapansi.
Zisanu-zisanu. Pa miyendo yamphongo zazitali, zala 6.
Ili ndi bag? bamboamu imalowa m'masiku 12 asanakwane. Chifukwa chake, zotheka zimatchedwa prenatal. M'thumba, ngati kuti lili m'chiberekero chachiwiri, ana amapitiliza kukula, kudya mkaka wa amayi. Tizilombo ta mammoni timalowa mkati mwa khungu.
Anaonekera pa dziko lapansi kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Cretaceous, ndiko kuti, pafupifupi zaka 200 miliyoni zapitazo. Panthawi imeneyi, ma dinosaurs amakhalabe Padziko Lapansi.
Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwa miyendo yakumbuyo.

Si onse omwe ali ndi chikwama. Ku South America, pali mitundu yomwe mahipu ake amachokera pachifuwa. Nyama zotere zimachita popanda thumba. Komabe, masamu a sim siapadera. Pali marsupials opanda khungu. Ndipo wombat ilibe thumba.

Chifukwa chake amangoyerekeza kuti ndi wakufa, kuwabweza olusa

Zitsamba zaopositi zosavomerezeka zimaberekanso asanabadwe, amagwirira m'manja ndi amayi awo. Mbewu imapachika pachifuwa pake mpaka atha kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha.

Munjira zosafunikira, khungu limakhala losavuta, lotseguka kumchira. Palibe funso la "thumba" ngati kangaroo.

Mitundu yazotheka

Osati zotheka zonse, mongaofotokozera a Pedro Siesa, zimawoneka ngati chanterelles zazitali komanso zazifupi. Pali ena onga mbewa zotheka. Zochepa nyama:

maso akulu
makutu ozunguliridwa
mchira wopanda, wokhazikika kumunsi komanso wokhoza kugwira zinthu zowazungulira, wokutira mozungulira
tsitsi lalifupi pakhungu lofiirira, beige, imvi

Pali mitundu ya 55 ya opossums ya mbewa, nthawi yomweyo ofanana ndi makoswe. Zitsanzo ndi:

1. Zokongoletsera phenum. Ali ndi imvi zachikasu, ubweya wopepuka. Kutalika kwake, nyamayo imafika masentimita 31, zomwe sizikulitsa dzina la mtengowo. Pali zotheka komanso zazing'ono.

2. Limsky. Yotsegulidwa mu 1920. Nyamayi imakhala kumpoto kwa Brazil, pokhala osowa. Pakati pa mitundu 55 ya mipata, pafupifupi 80% ya iwo.

3. Blase. Komanso Brazil phenamu, inatsegulidwa mu 1936. Nyama imakhala m'dera la Goias. Monga zida zina zooneka ngati mbewa, moto umasiyanitsidwa ndi lingaliro lozungulira, lopapatiza.

4. Velvety. Imapezeka ku Bolivia ndi Argentina. Maganizo adatsegulidwa mu 1842. Mitundu ya oimira amtunduwu ndi yofiyira. Tsitsi lili ngati velvet. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitundu.

5. Zabwino. Ili amoyo kumwera kwa Brazil ndi ku Argentina, adatsegulidwa mu 1902. Nyama idalandira dzina lake chifukwa cha mgwirizano wake ndi chisomo chakuyenda.

6. Gingeramuamuamu. Miyoyo ku Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname. Marsupial amadziwika kuti ndi mafuta ambiri kumunsi kwa mchira. Mtundu wa nyamayo, monga momwe dzinalo limasonyezera, ndi wofiyira. Kukula kwaamu kuposa kupitirira masentimita 25 ndi mchira.

Mwa zina zotheka ndi tsitsi lalitali, lalifupi, lolimbikitsa kukumbukira ma chanterelles, agologolo kapena ma martens, timanena:

1. Madzi. Imapezeka ku Central ndi South America. Thupi la nyama ndi masentimita 30. Mchira madziamu kuvala masentimita 40. Nkhope ya nyama ndi kamvekedwe ka mkaka, ndipo m'thupi mwake chovalacho ndi chakuda.

Malo okhala ku Marsupial pafupi ndi dziwe, akugwira nsomba mkati mwake. Mosiyana ndi zotheka zambiri, zam'madzi zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali. Mwakuwawononga, nyamayo ndi yayitali.

Mafuta a phenum amakhala ndi miyendo kumbuyo kwake ngati miyendo yamadzi

2. Maso amaso anayi. Pamaso akuda timavala mawanga oyera. Zikufanana ndi maso awiri. Chifukwa chake dzina la mitundu. Ubweya wa omwe amamuyimira ndi imvi zakuda. Nyamayi imakhala kumapiri a Central ndi South America. Kukula kwa mphamvu ya maso anayi ndi pafupi gawo lachitatu kuposa madzi.

3. Shugaamuamu. Dzina lake lapakati ndi gologolo wouluka. Malinga ndi gulu la nyama yanyama, nyama ndi Possum, osati Possum. Awa ndi mabanja osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa magawidwe amtunda, oimira awo amasiyana maonekedwe.

Mwachitsanzo, ubweya wa Posum, umafanana ndi plush komanso mkati mwake. Tsitsi la zotheka limadzaza kwathunthu, coarser, lalitali. Maso a nyama ndiocheperako, osatupa. Possum momwemonso shuga amangoyitanidwa ndi ambiri mwa njira yaku America, koma akuwoneka ngati waku Australia.

4. Australiaamu. M'malo mwake, ilinso ndalama. Ku Australia, nyamayi ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri. Ubweya wosalala umaphimba thupi lonse la nyamayo, imakhala ndi kamvekera ka golide.

Kuyatsa chithunzi inclum chofanana ndi kangaroo. Anthu aku Australia amafanizira nyamayo ndi nkhandwe. Kutheka kotheka.

5. Namwali incl. Zimatengera zoona. Amakhala ku North America ndipo lili ndi thumba lodzaza. Kukula kwa nyamayi ndikuyerekeza ndi mphaka wapakhomo. Chovala cha Lady Opossum ndicholimba, chosokoneza, komanso choduwa. Achibale apafupi kwambiri ndi mitundu yakumwera komanso wamba.

Pali mitundu 75 ya mitundu yaku America. Agawidwa mzaka 11. Mulimonse momwe mtundu weniweni umafunira, umachedwa, pang'onopang'ono. Ndiye chifukwa chake nyamayo idasankha kunamizira kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera.

Possum

Ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti nyama yachilendo, yoseketsa pang'ono, yaying'ono, yopatsa nyama ngati phenamu, ndi imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri zomwe zakhalapobe mpaka pano, zomwe sizinasinthe mawonekedwe. Ambiri adawakondera atatha kujambula filimu yowonetsa Ice Age, pomwe zoseketsa ziwiri Eddie ndi Crash adagwera pazosangalatsa zingapo, ndikutsatiridwa ndi mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lapansi. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa tsatanetsatane wa mbiri ndi moyo wa nyama yofiyirayi.

Moyo & Habitat

Possum ndi nyamandikusankha malo akumwera. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu yocheperako ya nyama zapamtunda kumpoto kwa America. Zingolowa pakati pamtunda, nyama zimayatsa michira ndi makutu nyengo yotentha.

Komabe, pali mitundu ya mipata yowona yomwe nsonga yokha ndiyo mchira. Malo ake ambiri amakhala ndi ubweya. Vomerezani kuti muzikumbukira mafuta osalala. Zowona, amakhala ku South, osati North America.

Wofoola-womata wonyezimira

Zochitika za moyo wa opossum zikuphatikiza:

kukhala payekha
akukhala m'nkhalango, mapiri ndi mapiri
Nthawi zambiri, kukonza moyo wamitengo (gawo limodzi limakhala padziko lapansi ndipo kungoyambira m'madzi okha ndi kumadzi kwamadzi)
ntchito madzulo ndi usiku
kukhalapo kwa kufanana kwa hibernation (yokhala ndi nthawi yayifupi pakukhazikika pamasiku abwino) ngati nyamayo ikukhala kumpoto

About zotheka Simunganene kuti ndi anzeru. Mwanzeru, nyama ndizotsika kwa agalu, amphaka, makoswe wamba. Komabe, izi sizimasokoneza kukonza kukonza zambiri kunyumba. Makulidwe ang'onoang'ono a nyama, madandaulo awo, kusewera kwawo amakopeka.

Kanemayo "Ice Age" anathandizira kuti nyamazo zizitchuka. Masewera a hazamu sanali mmodzi wa ngwazi yake, koma anali wokonda anthu.

Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi kufotokozera

Banja la opossum ndi gulu la zolengedwa zoyamwitsa zomwe zimakhala makamaka ku America (South ndi North America). Uyu ndi mmodzi mwa anthu akale kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe apulumuka mpaka pano kuyambira nthawi ya Cretaceous. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nyama zakale kwambiri zomwe sizinasinthebe, sizinasinthe, momwe zimakhalira.

Ponena za America, asayansi adawona kuti poyamba amatenga zokhazokha kumayiko aku South America. Pambuyo pake, pomwe mlatho womwe umadziwika kuti uli pakati pa America awiriwo, mitundu yambiri yamitundu yonse kuchokera ku North America idayamba kusamukira ku South, zomwe zidapangitsa kufa kwakukulu kwa akwati ku South America. Zachidziwikire, sikuti mitundu yonse yamatsenga yomwe idapulumuka, koma nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti ena adakhalako mpaka nthawi yathu ino ndipo adatha kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake

Chithunzi: Nyama ya Opossum

Tidapeza kuti chilengedwe ndichilengedwe chamitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake, timaganizira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe akunja a nyamayi pogwiritsa ntchito fanizo wamba. Kutalika kwa nyamayi ndi kocheperako, kutalika kwake kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 60, zazikazi ndizotalika 10 cm. Mwambiri, opossum ndiyofanana kukula ndi mphaka wamba. Kupukutira kwake ndi kosongoka.

Mchira wa nyamayi ndi wamaliseche wamphamvu, wosaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi, m'munsi mwake ndimakuda kwambiri. Ndi iyo, phenum imapachikidwa pamitengo ikagona kapena ikasuntha korona wamitengo. Chovala cha phenamu sichitali, koma chimakhala chambiri komanso chambiri.

Mtundu wa nyama umasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi malo omwe akukhalako, momwe mungathere:

Imvi
Imvi
Brown
Imvi
Chakuda
Beige.

Ngati tizingolankhula za wamba wamba, ndiye kuti ubweya wake ndi wa imvi wokhala ndi timiyero toyera, ndipo mutu wake ndi wopepuka, pomwe wakuda, ngati mikanda, maso ndi makutu ozungulira amawonekera. Mawamba a nyamayi ndi opinda asanu, chala chilichonse chimakhala ndi lakuthwa. Nsagwada za nyama zikuwonetsa kusakhalitsa kwake. Ma phenum ali ndi mano 50, 4 a iwo ndi ma fang, kapangidwe kake ndi malo ake ali ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka mano a zolengedwa zakale zam'mimba.

Chizindikiro cha nyamayo ndi kukhalapo kwa thumba lomwe amanyamuliramo ana, chifukwa amabadwa asanakwane, ndipo mmenemu amakula ndikukula mphamvu. Chikwama ndi khola la khungu lomwe limatsegukira kumchira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mitundu ina ya mipata yotayika imalandidwa ndi thumba, i.e. sizachilendo, ndipo ana amatengera mabere amayi awo kufikira atadziyimira pawokha.

Kodi phenum imakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Big Opossum

Masiku ano, maloboti akhalabe mokhazikika ku New World, ngakhale anali ofala ku Europe konse, monga umboni wa zofukula zakale. Opossums anakhazikika kumagawo onse aku America (Kumpoto ndi South). Posachedwa, asayansi akufukula za nyama azindikira kuti malo awo akukhalira kumpoto kwambiri, kufikira kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada ndi Lesser Antilles.

Mapaipi amakondana ndi nkhalango, mapiri, malo opanda chipululu. Amakhala, onse kumapiri ndi kumapiri, popanda kupitirira 4 km. Chifukwa Pali mitundu yambiri yamagetsi, amakonda malo osiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina imafuna kuyandikana ndi madzi, imakhala moyo wamadzi, ikukonzekera khola mumayenje amitengo. Komabe, mamembala ambiri a banja la phenum amakhala pamitengo kapena pansi.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Mitundu ina imakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala, ngakhale kuti mitundu yambiri ya zipatso imakonda kupewetsa munthu, kumudutsa.

Kodi phenum amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Possum yoseketsa

Titha kunena kutiamuwa ndiosangalatsa. Chimadyanso pa zonse zomera komanso nyama. Mwambiri, zomwe amakonda amakonda zimadalira mtundu ndi malo omwe amakhala. Zikuwoneka kuti zosankha zimadya kwambiri, zikuwoneka kuti sizingakwane, koma sizili choncho. Nyama ndi zanzeru kwambiri ndipo zimadyera m'malo osungirako nyama, zimangokhala ndi mafuta ngati kuli kwanjala, nthawi zovuta zibwera. Pakati pa nyama zakutchire izi, cannibalism imachitika kawirikawiri.

Nthawi zambiri menyu wa phenamu umakhala ndi:

Mitundu yonse yazipatso
Zipatso
Bowa
Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana,
Buluzi zazing'ono
Makoko ang'onoang'ono
Nsomba, crustaceans, shrimp (pafupi ndi madzi ophweka),
Mbalame zazing'ono
Mazira a mbalame
Zonenepa
Zomera
Makutu a chimanga
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chimanga.

Ngati mwabwera ndi chiweto chachilendo ngati ichi, mutha kudyetsa masamba osiyanasiyana, zipatso, nkhuku ndi mazira. Opossum imaperekanso chakudya champhaka nthawi zonse, koma osati nthawi zambiri komanso osati kawirikawiri. Ndipo chikhumbo chake nthawi zonse chimakhala chabwino.

Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo

Mwachilengedwe, zosowa zimakhala zosakwatiwa ndipo zimangokhala ndi nthawi yokhadzula, zimakonda kukhala ndi moyo pawokha, wopatukana. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi nthawi yamadzulo, zimayamba kugwira ntchito kukayamba kuda. Masana, nyama zimagona m'makola awo kapena pachikuni cha mitengo, itapachikidwa panthambi mothandizidwa ndi mchira wawo wolimba wonga ma hema. Kugona momveka bwino komanso mokoma ndi chinthu chomwe mumakonda kwambiri, zomwe amatha kuchita mosalekeza kwa maola pafupifupi 19 patsiku.

Mwambiri, nyamazo zimakhala zamanyazi kwambiri komanso osamala mwachilengedwe, zimapewa kukumana ndi munthu, ndipo kugwira chingwe sichinthu chovuta. Ku china chilichonse, ndi a tikhoni enieni, omwe samveka mawu. Nyama imalira kwambiri kawirikawiri, pokhapokha ikumva ululu waukulu. Nthawi zina, zosankha sizikhala ndi chifukwa chokambirana mokalipa. Nyamayo imakhala bata, ndipo nthawi zambiri nkhanza sizinawonekere kumbuyo kwawo.

Opossums ndi odula mitengo mwaluso kwambiri, omwe amakhala okonzeka kutalika nthawi zonse pamitengo yamitengo, nthawi zambiri amagona pansi, akumamatirira kunthambi ndi mchira wawo. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi mchira womwewo ndi miyendo yoluka yolimba, amasunthira kolona kolimba. Inde, pali mitundu ina yomwe imangokhala padziko lapansi, koma pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo. Mwachilengedwe, kuthekera kosambira ndi talente ya madzi osowa, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, kupeza chakudya chake m'madzi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zili ndi moyo waamu ndi moyo wawo wosasunthika. Amasunthasuntha malo ndi malo, osakhala ndi gawo lawolawo, ngati nyama zina zambiri. Nyama zomwe zimakhala kumpoto zimakonda kubisala pakazizira kwambiri. Nthawi imeneyi, masiku otentha komanso otentha kwambiri ,amu amapezeka kuti adzitsitsimutse, kukhala maso kwakanthawi kochepa.

Mwa iwo omwe apeza chiweto chachilendo ngati chotheka, pali lingaliro kuti nyamazo sizikhala ndi luntha lalikulu, koma ndizosewera kwambiri komanso zogonera, mosakayika simudzatopa nazo!

Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Possum Cub

Opossum timangofuna awiri osakhalitsa kwakanthawi. Mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, imachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kumpoto kwa America kumatenga ana pafupifupi katatu pachaka, ndipo mitundu yomwe imakonda gawo la malo otentha imaswana chaka chonse. Nyama zomwe sizikhala m'mitengo zimachita zofanana ndi zisa za mbalame, ndipo nyama zapadziko lapansi zimaberekera ana m'malo otayidwa ndi wina, m'maenje obisika komanso pakati pamizu ikuluikulu ya mitengoyo.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zosankha zabwino ndizambiri. Zinyalala zitha kukhala ndi ana mpaka 25, koma izi ndizosowa. Nthawi zambiri amabadwa ana 8 mpaka 15. Ngakhale zimachitika kuti ana ambiri amabadwa nthawi yomweyo, anzeru zokhazokha komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri amapulumuka, chifukwa mayi amakhala ndi nipples 12 kapena 13 zokha. Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mai ali ndi pakati sikutalika kwambiri ndipo ndi masiku pafupifupi 25, mwa mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri pafupifupi 15. Anawo amawoneka ochepa kwambiri komanso osakwana, ofanana ndi mazira, kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 2 - 5 okha.

Mwanjira yakunyumba, makanda amapsa m'thumba momwe ma nipples amapezera ana mkaka. Nyama zamtanda, makanda amamangiririka pachifuwa cha amayi awo, akumamatirira ku mawondo awo. Pakatha pafupifupi miyezi ingapo, makanda amakhala ngati nyama zachikulire, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi, kupeza nzeru ndikukula. Ndizosangalatsa kuti amayi kwa nthawi yayitali amasamalira ana ake mkaka wa m'mawere, nthawi imeneyi imatha miyezi itatu.

Moyo ndiovuta kwa mama -amu, mwina tinganene, mophiphiritsa komanso mophiphiritsa, chifukwa ana okulirapo ndi banja lawo lonse lalikulu amakwera, akumamatira ubweya kumbuyo kwawo. Popeza mayi ndi wamkulu, sizovuta kulingalira kulemera komwe amayenera kunyamula tsiku lililonse. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu yoyamwitsa, makanda amayamba kudya, monganso achikulire. Ndipo akazi ndi amuna onse amakula pofika miyezi 6-8. Opossums amakhala m'malo achilengedwe pafupifupi zaka zisanu, ali mu ukapolo, zoyerekeza zapadera zidatsala ndi zisanu ndi zinayi.

Adani achilengedwe aamu

Chithunzi: Possum Yanyama

Mahopu amakhala ndi adani ambiri kuthengo, chifukwa iye ndi nyama yaying'ono komanso yamanyazi, olimbana ndi ena ambiri sangalandire nawo. Pakati pa adani a phenum amatha kutchedwa lynxes, nkhandwe, kadzidzi ndi mbalame zina zazikulu zodyedwa, coyotes. Kwa nyama zazing'ono, njoka zamtundu uliwonse ndizowopsa. Kuphatikiza pa zilombo zolusa, nyama zambiri zimatenga matenda monga matenda a chiwewe, omwe amanyamula omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa aakazi opossum.

Ndikofunika kukambirana padera panjira yodzitetezera ku ziwopsezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opossums, pokonzekera zisudzo zonse. Pakakhala vuto kuti lisakuyandikire, mbalamezi zimangodziyesa kuti zafa kale mwaluso kwambiri moti nyama sizingaganize kuti ikungofanizira. Masewera a phenamu amagwera, maso ake amakhala ngati magalasi, thovu likuwoneka kuchokera mkamwa mwake, ndipo tiziwalo timene timatulutsa fungo lapadera limatulutsa fungo loipa. Chithunzichi chonse chimawopseza olusa omwe, atazembera mtembo, amanyansidwa ndikunyamuka. Mdani atachoka, nyamayo imakhalanso ndi moyo ndikuyamba kuthawa, ngakhale kwa mphindi zochepa anali atamwalira kale. Chinyengo chonyengedwa ndi choterechi chimakonda kugwira ntchito yawo, kupulumutsa nyama zambiri kuimfa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Opossums ndiofala mdera lililonse la America, komwe kulibe chitetezo, ndipo sakhala mndandanda wazinyama zotetezedwa. Ponena za umunthu, izi, zimapereka gawo lalikulu pa zochitika pamoyo. Ubweya wa nyama umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusoka zovala zosiyanasiyana, zimakhala ndi zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha, kotero ngakhale zopanga zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimapanga zovala kuchokera ku ubweya wa opossum.

Munthu amakhala m'malo ochulukirapo momwe nyama zinkakhala, motero zimayenera kusinthika nthawi zonse. Mwa zina, m'maiko ena ku South America, amadya osakaniza. Nthawi zina anthu amafafaniza nyama, poganiza kuti ndi tizirombo ta minda ndi minda, ngakhale kuti sizingawononge malo. Nyama zambiri zambiri zimafa m'mayendedwe ogwiririka pansi pa magudumu a magalimoto.

Zikuwoneka kuti, chifukwa chakuti ma opossums ndi osazindikira kwambiri, okalamba, olimba komanso achonde, zoopsa zonse zomwe zalembedwa ndi munthu sizikhudza kukula kwa kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala kosasunthika. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zipitilira mtsogolo.

Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti ma phenamu ndi odabwitsa pazifukwa zambiri. Choyamba, ankakhala nthawi zamakedzana nthawi yomwe ma dinosaurs ankakhala. Mitundu yambiri yamwalira, ndipo anagonjetsa zovuta zonse ndipo sanasinthe kwenikweni. Kachiwiri, uyu ndiye woimira nyama za marsupial zokha zomwe zimakhala kunja kwa Australia. Chachitatu, ndiwosewera mosayerekezeka, amatsanzira bwino kwambiri kufa kwake kuti adziteteze. Mwachidziwikire, ndiwokongola komanso woseketsa! Woyenera kungoyang'ana chithunzi cha mayi wosamalidwa-wapamtima, atanyamula mapewa ake aubanja lake lonse, kumwetulira kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo ndikusangalala kwake!

Nkhani

Mu 1553 mu buku "Mbiri ya ku Peru»Cies de Leon akupereka koyamba ndi kufotokoza kwa phenum:

"Popeza ma gorges ndi osawoneka bwino, mumakhala nyama zambiri, ndi mikango yayikulu, komanso nyama zomwe zimawoneka ngati nkhandwe yaying'ono, yokhala ndi mchira wautali komanso zingwe zazifupi, zofiirira, ndipo mutu uli ngati nkhandwe. Ndidawona m'modzi wa iwo nthawi yayitali, ndipo padali iye ndi ana amuna asanu ndi awiri pafupi naye, ndipo popeza adamva phokoso, ndidatsegula thumba, chilengedwe choyikidwa pamimba pake, ndipo mwachangu adatola ana akewo, ndikuthawa ndi ukali waukulu, kotero ndidawopa kupezeka kwake - kochepa kwambiri, kuthawa ndi katundu wotere - ndikuthawabe. Nyama iyi imatchedwa mulu [Chucha]. ”

Dera

Opossums ndiofala kuyambira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada (Ontario) kudutsa kum'mawa kwa USA mpaka 52 ° S. w. mu argentina. Amapezekanso m'mabuku ocheperako.

Opossums - okhala m'nkhalango, mapiri ndi mapiri, amapezeka kumapiri ndi kumapiri mpaka 4000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wamtunda kapena mtengo, madzi amoyo - ochepa madzi. Yogwira ntchito madzulo ndi usiku. Zabwino kapena zopanda pake. Mwa nyengo yakukalamba kumakhala moyo wopanda wokha. Mimba imatenga masiku 12-13, mu zinyalala za mpaka 18-25 cubs. Nthawi ya mkaka wa m'mawere imatenga masiku 70-100. Zina zomwe zimakhala ndi thumba zimakhala ndi thumba lomwe limatseguka ndi bowo kumbuyo, koma ambiri satero. Ana okhwima amayenda ndi amayi awo, akugwiritsitsa ubweya wake kumbuyo kwake. Kukula kumachitika pang'onopang'ono miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi zitatu, chiyembekezo chamoyo zaka 5-8. Mwambiri, zosankhazi zimachitanso gawo limodzi mu Dziko Latsopano ngati oyimira osavomerezeka akumayiko ena.

Makhalidwe

Mafuta ovulala kapena owopsa kwambiri amagwa, ngati kuti wafa. Nthawi yomweyo, maso ake amakhala agalasi, thovu kutuluka mkamwa mwake, ndipo tiziwalo timene timatulutsa chinsinsi ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Imfa yongoganiza iyi nthawi zambiri imapulumutsa moyo wa inclum - wothamangitsa, atavutitsa thupi losayenda, nthawi zambiri amachoka. Pambuyo pake, phenamu "amakhala ndi moyo" ndikuthawa.

Chakudya cha Opossum

Opossums ndi owopsa komanso osusuka. Mu mndandanda watsiku ndi tsiku wa marsupials walembedwa:

zipatso
bowa
tizilombo
masamba
udzu
chimanga
mphesa zamtchire
mazira a mbalame, mbewa ndi abuluzi

Tsatanetsatane wa menyuwo umatengera komwe mudziwe. Mafuta a ku Australia, kapena m'malo mwake, amangodya zipatso, zitsamba ndi mphutsi zokha. Ku South America, zitsamba zina zimamera, zipatso zina zimayimbidwa, ndipo tizilombo tosiyanasiyana timakhala. Kumpoto kwa kontinenti, menyu amakhalanso apadera.

Morphology yaamu

Opossum ndiyabwino mtima, koma mano ndi oopsa

Kubalana komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali

Marsupialamu ku North America amabereka katatu pachaka. Zanyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo otentha zimaswana chaka chonse. Mitengo yamatabwa amakonda kupanga mtundu wa chisa, kapena kukhazikika m'maenje. Mitundu yokhazikika:

m'mabowo
kusiya mink
pakati pa mizu

Chonde cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ndiyonso yosiyana. Ana akulu kwambiri ndi virginsky. Pali mikono 30 mu zinyalala. Hafu imayenera kufa, chifukwa nyamayo imangokhala ndi ma nipples 13. Iye amene amakwanitsa kumata ndi ziwalo amapulumuka.

Pa avareji, momwe mungathere kubweretsa ana 10-18 uliwonse. Akakula, amasamukira kumbuyo kwa amayi. Opossums amapita kumeneko kwa miyezi ingapo, pokhapokha atatsikira pansi ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Sichikupitilira zaka 9.

Khola ndi zonse zotheka

Monga ziweto za banja, ndikofunika kuganizira njira yachilendo ngati nyumba. Nyama izi zimachita modekha, chilichonse chimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chake.
Palibe chifukwa choti musalange chiweto cholakwacho mwakuthupi, chifukwa cha izi amatha kupweteketsa mtima nkuluma, simuyenera kumadzimanganso nthawi yayitali, amakwiya ndikumangidwa.
Popeza ndi achule odabwitsa, mchira wokhazikika komanso zopondera zimawathandiza pamenepa, ndibwino kuti mugule kapena mupangireni nokha zida zophunzitsira.

Zakudya zaossoss kunyumba

Shugaamuamu, monga mtundu wotchuka wakunyumba, amakonda kwambiri zakudya. Kuchokera pazakudya zosankhidwa bwino, moyo wake ungachepetse kwambiri.
Choyamba, simungathe kumawadyetsa zakudya zomaliza, ndipo chachiwiri, muyenera kudyetsa nthawi zonse mtedza ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, popeza ndizopatsa chidwi.
Nthawi zina mutha kupatsa nyama, masamba ndi zipatso, kuwonjezera apo, amakonda kwambiri ntchentche, mphutsi, otchuka kwambiri pakati pa asodzi, mphutsi - mphutsi za ntchentche. Opossum ndi cholengedwa chokongola, komabe ndichilengedwe.
Sisitimu ya shuga kapenaamu ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri panyumba.

Mwakuyerekeza kwa phenum kuukhondo ndi madzi

Mahopu ochokera ku Ice Age amakonda kusambira, izi zimakhudzana ndi moyo weniweni, chifukwa ndi zoyera kwambiri, choncho ng ombezo zimayenera kutsukidwa pafupipafupi, masiku onse aŵiri.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala madzi okwanira mu cell, chifukwa ma opossums amamwa pafupipafupi komanso yambiri, ndipo kusowa kwa chinyezi kumatha kudzetsa matenda.

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