Red panda - Ichi ndi nyama yomwe ndi nyama zoyamwitsa za banja la pandas. Dzinali limachokera ku Latin "Ailurus fulgens", lotanthauza "mphaka wamoto", "chimbalangondo". Pali zolemba zokhudza nyama yodabwitsayi ku China yomwe inalembedwa m'zaka za zana la 13, koma azungu okha adazindikira za izi m'zaka za zana la 19.

Panda wofiyayo adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ntchito ya akatswiri azachilengedwe a Thomas Hardwick ndi Frederic Cuvier. Anthu awiriwa adathandizira kwambiri pakukweza sayansi ndipo adatsegulira dziko lonse lapansi imodzi mwa nyama zamiyendo inayi.

Panda wofiyira nthawi zambiri amayerekezedwa ndi mphaka, komabe, nyamazi zimakhala ndizofanana kwambiri. Ngakhale mtundu wamtunduwu wa pandas umadziwika kuti ndi wocheperako, ndi waukulu kukula kuposa mphaka wamba. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 50-60, ndipo mchirawo nthawi zambiri umakhala mpaka masentimita 50. Kulemera kwake kwamphongo ndi ma kilogalamu 3.8-6.2, ndipo kulemera kwa akazi ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu 4.2-6.

Thupi limakhala lokwera, lalitali. Ali ndi mchira wawofesi wamkulu, womwe umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo waminyama iyi. Mutu wa panda ofiira ndi waukulu, wokhala ndi phokoso lalifupi, pang'ono pang'ono komanso lakuthwa, makutu ndi ochepa komanso ozungulira.

Ma paws ndi ochepa kukula, komabe, ndi amphamvu komanso olimba, okhala ndi zikhadabo zokhazikika. Izi ndichifukwa choti nyamayo imakwera mosavuta pamitengo ndikugwiritsitsa nthambi nthawi imodzi, komanso imatsikira pansi mosavuta, mosamala komanso chisomo chapadera.

Mtundu wa panda wofiira ndi wachilendo komanso wokongola kwambiri. Chovala cha nyamayi chimakhala chakuda mosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chakuda kapena chakuda, ndipo chapamwamba chimakhala chofiyira kapena chopukutira.

Kumbuyo, tsitsi limakhala ndi nsonga zachikasu m'malo mofiira. Ma paws ndi akuda oyera, koma mutu ndi wopepuka, ndipo nsonga za makutu ndi zoyera kwambiri ngati chipale, komanso mawonekedwe a chigoba pamaso.

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka pa muzzle la panda ofiira ndi osiyana ndi nyama iliyonse; mitundu iwiri yofananira siyipezeka mwachilengedwe. Mchirawo ulinso ndi mtundu wosagwirizana, mtundu wake ndi wofiyira, ndipo mphete zoonda zimawoneka m'maso zingapo zopepuka.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti red red ikuphatikizidwa ndi International Red Book ngati nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Gawoli la nyama limayesedwa pangozi, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 2500 mpaka 10000 anthu omwe adatsalira padziko lapansi.

M'malo achilengedwe omwe adani amakhala ndi red panda palibe, komabe, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndi kuwononga zachilengedwe kwatsala pang'ono kuwononga anthu onse. Kukongola kwapadera kwa ubweya kumapangitsa kuti nyamazo zizikhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamsika, motero zimakhala zankhanza kusaka kwapasaka, pomwe anthu akulu ndi ana onse amafa.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Pachithunzichi pali panda yofiira amawoneka okoma mtima komanso achikondi, mwachilengedwe amayenera kumenyera nkhondo kuti akhalepo, komabe, mwamtendere, ndi ochezeka.

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti panda ndiyosavuta kuyimilira, koma ndiosavuta kuyika mizu mu ukapolo. Panda adalembedwa mu Red Book, tsopano akatswiri akuchita zonse zotheka kuti "zimbalangondo" zokongola izi zisatheretu.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, moyo wa panda ofiira umakhala pachiwopsezo, motero, kuti ateteze moyo wawo ndi kubadwa kwatsopano, apadera amapangidwa pandas pobisalira.

Tsopano pali umboni kuti nyama pafupifupi 350 zimakhala m'malo osungiramo nyama 85 padziko lonse lapansi, pano zimapatsidwa zofunikira pakukhala ndi chakudya. Pali zochitika zina zomwe mapapo ofiira amasangalatsa kubadwa kwa ana awo, ngakhale ali mu ukapolo.

M'malo achilengedwe, maapoya amakonda kukhala usiku. Masana, amasangalala kupumula, kugona mgolomo, pomwe amawoloka modzutsa ndipo nthawi zonse amaphimba mitu yawo ndi mchira wawo. Ngati chiweto chikuwona zoopsa, chimakwera pamtengo, ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wake, chimadzibisalira pamenepo.

Mitengo ndi malo abwino kwambiri kuposa malo athyathyathya padziko lapansi, pomwe mapira ofiira samamva bwino ndikusuntha pang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono. Komabe amayenera kupita pansi kukafunafuna chakudya. Pandas ali ndi chilankhulo chawo, chomwe chimakhala ngati likhwimbi la mbalame kapena twitter. Nyama zimapanga phokoso lalifupi lomwe limawathandiza kuti azilankhulana.

Kuberekanso ndi Kutalika kwa Moyo wa Red Panda

Nthawi yobala ya red red igwera mu Januware. Maganizo ndi kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo mwa nyamayi kumachitika mwanjira yapadera. Pandas ali ndi chotchedwa diapause, chomwe chimatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti, nthawi ino pakati pa pakati ndi pakati pa mwana m'thupi la mayi. Kukula kwa mwana wakhanda kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 50, koma mwana asanabadwe, amatha kukumbukira kuchepa kwa masiku osapitilira 120.

Chizindikiro choti mwana abadwa posachedwa chimatchedwa "chisa", chomwe mayi panda amachimanga pabowo la mtengo kuchokera kunthambi ndi masamba. Pamalo abwinowa, makanda ang'onoang'ono amawoneka, omwe kulemera kwawo ndi pafupifupi magalamu 100, pomwe ali akhungu komanso ogontha.

Mu chithunzithunzi panda yofiira ndi mwana

Mtundu wa wobadwa kumene umasiyana kuchokera ku beige kupita imvi, koma osati wofiyira wamoto. Monga lamulo, chachikazi imabereka ana a 1-2, koma zimachitika kuti zinayi nthawi imodzi, komabe, nthawi zambiri zimatsala imodzi yokha.

Ana amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafunikira chisamaliro. Pokhapokha patsiku la 18 ndi pomwe amatsegula maso awo, ndipo pofika miyezi itatu amayamba kudya chakudya cholimba.

Nthawi yomweyo, kwa nthawi yoyamba, amasiya 'chisa' chawo kuti akapeze maluso opeza chakudya chokha. Pafupifupi miyezi itatu, utoto wamtunduwu umasintha, tsiku lililonse likamadutsa, kambuku amakula monga makolo ake.

Ana akamalimba ndikupeza mtundu wokhazikika, mawonekedwe a munthu wamkulu, iwo, pamodzi ndi amayi awo, amachoka pamalo abwino omwe amakhala ndikukayamba kuyendayenda, kuti ayang'ane gawo lawo.

Ali ndi zaka 1.5, pandas achinyamata amafika kutha msinkhu, komabe, pandas wazaka 2-3 amadziwika kuti ndi akulu. Ngozi wofiira amatha kubala ana kamodzi pachaka, kotero kuchuluka kwawo sikungachuluke msanga, kudzatenga zaka makumi.

Mwachilengedwe, panda zofiira zimakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 10. Pali nthawi zina zomwe pandas imakhala zaka 15, koma izi ndizosiyana. Ali mu ukapolo, m'malo omwe adapangira iwo, mapapo ofiira amakhala motalikirapo, kwa zaka pafupifupi 12. Panali vuto pomwe panda amakhala pafupifupi zaka 19.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Ngakhale ndimagawa nyama zofiira ngati zilombo, komabe, pafupifupi zakudya zonse ndizomera. Pandas amatengedwa ngati cholusa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka chakudya chamagetsi, ndipo osati chifukwa cha zikhalidwe.

Mphukira zazing'ono zazing'ono, zipatso, bowa, zipatso zosiyanasiyana zimatengedwa ngati njira yapadera kwa panda yofiira. Makoko ochepa ndi mazira am'madzi amakhala ndi 5% ya chakudya chomwe amadya.

Popeza nyama zimadya zakudya zochepa zama calorie, zimayenera kuyamwa pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri azakudya patsiku kuti zizipatsa thupi chakudya chofunikira.

Ngati panda wachinyamata amadya msungwi wocheperako pang'ono, ndiye kuti tsiku lililonse amafunika kudya ma kilogalamu oposa 4. Kuti muchite izi, adzafunika pafupifupi maora 14-16. Chifukwa chake, papa amatafuna zokolola zake tsiku lonse.

Mu malo osungira nyama, pandas amadya mkaka (makamaka mpunga) wokhala ndi chimanga kuti achulukitse zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu. Mwambiri, chakudya cha panda wofiira ndi chapadera, chifukwa kwa iwo omwe amakonda kupeza nyama monga ziweto, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupereka zakudya zabwino.

Ngati mankhwalawa alibe thanzi, ndiye kuti red yofiira imayamba kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana am'mimba, ndipo izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti nyamayo iphedwe.

Kodi panda wofiira ndi ndani?

Tsoka ilo, nyamayo idalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, anthu 2500-10000 adatsalira padzikoli. Nyama iyi ili ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe, vuto lalikulu ndi kudula mitengokomwe mitunduyi imakhala. Palibe owopsa ndi omwe amaba omwe amawononga nyama chifukwa cha ubweya wa chic. Nkhandwe zamoto zimabereka bwino mu ukapolo, malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi akuyesera kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha anthu, koma vutoli likukulabe.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Dzina loyambirira la panda wofiira - Ailurus fulgens - lidaperekedwa ndi Frenchman Frederic Cuvier. Komabe, m'mbuyomu mitundu iyi ya zinyama idapezeka ndi a Thomas Hardwig ndipo adaganizira kuti amutchule nyamayo kuti "wa", monga momwe nyama ya ginger imamvekera. Panda (panda) nkhandwe yamoto idayamba kutchedwa kuchokera ku "punya" waku Nepalese. Dzina la firefox sililungamitsidwa, chilombocho sichikhala cha nkhandwe, mpaka posachedwapa, raccoon anali wachibale wapafupi kwambiri, koma izi zidatsutsidwa. Zaka zambiri zapitazo, papa wokulirapo ndi wamkulu anali ndi kholo limodzi, mitundu yonse iwiriyi ndi ya banja la ailuridae.

Komwe kumakhala

Paka wofiira amakhala ku China, Nepal komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India. Nyama zimakonda mapiri ndipo zimakhala pamalo okwera mikono 1,500 mpaka 4,800 kuposa nyanja. Sakonda nyama zosintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha, amafunika nyengo yabwino - iwo osalekerera osati ozizira zokha, komanso otentha. Kutentha kwapamwamba 30 30C kumapha. Kutentha koyenera kumachokera ku 17 mpaka 25 ºC.

Zaka zambiri zapitazo, malo okhala a panda omwe anali ochepa anali ambiri. Zotsalazo zimapezeka ku Eastern Europe, North America. Pali lingaliro kuti m'malo awa kale panali nyengo yabwino yotentha, ndipo kusintha kwa chithunzi cha dziko lapansi kunachepetsa kwambiri malire amtunduwu ndikubweretsa kumalo otetezedwa kumene chimbalangondo chaching'onochi chimatha kupezekanso mwachilengedwe.

M'madera onse okhala zachilengedwe, nyamayo imachotsedwapo, wina amatenga tiana kuti tipewe komanso azisungidwa, m'chigawo cha China amakhulupirira kuti zipewa zopangidwa ndi ubweya wa panda paukwati zimasangalatsa osakwatirana. Nyama ina imachita ngati chiphaso cha chikondwerero cha tiyi chamayiko mu mzinda wa India ku Darjeeling.

Kufotokozera kwa Little Panda

Paka wam'madzi nthawi yomweyo amakhala ngati nkhandwe yaying'ono, raccoon ndi mphaka. Ndiocheperako, kulemera kwa amuna kumasiyana makilogalamu 3,7 mpaka 6.2, akazi ndi ang'ono - mpaka 6 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi - 51-64 cm. Mchirawo ndi wautali komanso wolimba, mpaka theka la mita kutalika, komwe kuphatikiza pa chinthu chokongoletsa pamakhala chogwira ntchito. Ndi chithandizo chake, "chimbalangondo" chimakwera mitengo mosakhwima.

Thupi la nyamayo ndi yayitali, kupukutira ndi kufupi, mikanda yofiirira yakuda ndi yakuda, yofanana ndi mphuno ya galu, kutuluka. Matata amphongo olimba. Misomaliyo ndi yayitali komanso yakuthwa, makamaka kumiyendo yakutsogolo, yomwe mtundu wamtundu wa panda wokha ndi womwe ungabwezeretse, ngati amphaka. Mutuwu ndi wamkulu chifukwa cha nsagwada zopangidwa bwino ndi mano akulu. Nkhandwe yamoto ili ndi mano 38!

Mawonekedwe

Potchulidwa za "panda yaying'ono" aliyense amayimira mphunzitsi wa chimbalangondo chakuda ndi choyera kuchokera ku zojambula, wamkulu wa kung fu. Komabe, zachilengedwe, nkhandwe yamotoyo ndiyokongola kwambiri, chifukwa chowala ndi kusefukira kwa mithunzi ya malaya amoto a ubweya wa chic. Thupi la mphaka wamoto lophimbidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, utoto wake womwe umakhala wapadera, mwanjira ina umatanthauza za pandas zapamwamba, koma zimasiyana.

Mtundu waukulu wamsana ndi mutu umachokera ku hazel yowala kupita pofiyira. Mtunduwu umawoneka wochititsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wonunkhira. Tsitsi lirilonse m'munsi limakhala lakuda - ndipo mpaka nsonga imakhala yopepuka, chifukwa chake wosefukira wokongola. Tizilombo tambiri tating'onoting'ono timakhala pafupi ndi beige, palinso mabwalo owala mozungulira maso, mawonekedwewa ndi osiyana ndi nyama iliyonse. Mapapu amtundu wakuda. NDIPO mchira iyenera kulandira chisamaliro chapadera. Iye ndiwofiyira, koma ndi mphete zopyapyala za utoto wolimba kwambiri, mchira wamamba wopindika umapezeka, womwe umatumiza timabukuka kwa ma fodya.

Moyo wazachilengedwe

Kutchire, papa wofiirira amakhala ndi moyo wamadzulo, masana nyama zikagona munthambi za mitengo kapena kubowo. Pomwepo, nyama zimabisala ngati zingachitike ngozi. Mitengo imakhala nthawi yayitali m'miyoyo yawo, pano ndiwobwera chifukwa cha nsapato zazitali ndi mchira womwe amagwiritsitsa mitengo ikuluikulu. Pansi, "nkhandwe yoyaka" ndiyoseketsa, yokhudza mtima, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yosasangalatsa.

Zochita ndi machitidwe

Nyama zimakhala m'malo awiriawiri kapena malo okhala limodzi. Ngakhale atero chilankhulo chake. Nyama "zimalankhula" mothandizidwa ndi nthabwala zoseketsa. Ali ndi chikhalidwe chamtendere. Koma zimbalangondo zazing'onozi zimayimira gawo lawo - zonse mwanjira yachikhalidwe, komanso mothandizidwa ndi gland yomwe ili pamapiritsi a paw. Amuna amateteza mwamphamvu malo awo “,” ndipo pakapikisana mpikisano, ana, amayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikugwedeza mwamphamvu pofuna kuwopseza mdaniyo.

Kodi panda wocheperako amadya chiyani

Amphaka amoto ndi adani. Komabe, zoona zake ndi zamasamba, zomwe sizimadya nyama. Maziko a chakudya - masamba achichepere ndi mphukira za bamboo - ma gourati amasankha mphukira mwamphamvu kwambiri. Koma nyama yam'mimba ndi yosavuta, monga zodyera, osati chipinda chambiri, monga zitsamba zam'mimba. Chifukwa chake, gawo lochepa la chakudyacho limamwetsedwa. Nyama yaying'ono imayenera kudya kwa masiku angapo kuti ikwane mphamvu. Zipatso ndi bowa zimapanganso chakudya china; nyama imatha kudya mazira a mbalame ngakhale kusaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono.

Kulera ndi kulera ana

Nthawi yakukhwima nyama zizigwirizana mu Januware. Mating nyama izi zimangokhala kamodzi pachaka. Munthawi imeneyi, amuna amakhala otanganidwa, amalemba mitengo mothandizidwa ndi mkodzo komanso tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana. Akazi amafunanso kupeza wamwamuna, chifukwa nthawi yoyenera umuna imakhala mpaka tsiku ndipo imangotuluka kamodzi pachaka. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu, chifukwa nyamazo zimapeza chilankhulo wamba.

Pambuyo pamimba, mwana wosabadwayo amakula mkati mwa masiku 50, koma panda ya raccoon imasamukira. Mimba imatenga masiku 90 mpaka 145, ndendende, kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe mwana adzabadwe sikungatheke. Kumayambiriro kwa pakati, pali nthawi zina zomwe mwana wakhanda limaletseka. Mu zinyalala, kuchuluka kwa ana ndi ana agalu 1-2, ochepera - mpaka 4, koma owerengeka amapulumuka mpaka atakula. Ng'ombe zimatchedwa ana agalu, zimalemera magalamu 110-130, ngati ana amphaka atsopano.

Masabata angapo oyambilira, ana agalu amakhala ndi amayi awo, atazungulira chisa mumtolo womata pomwe wamkazi amawotha ndikudyetsa ana. Ana aang'ono otsegula maso awo pa tsiku la 18. Zitachitika izi, zazikazi zimayamba kutulutsa ana agulu m'chisa ndikusintha ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Pambuyo pake, ana amapatsidwa chakudya cholimba, koma kuyamwa mkaka kumatenga mpaka miyezi isanu. Kenako mwana aliyense amakhala ndi amayi ake mpaka chaka chimodzi.

Utali wamoyo

Pafupifupi, pala wamoto amakhala zaka 8 mpaka 10. Komabe, pali zovuta:

• Muukapolo, m'malo osungira nyama, pansi pa malo okhala, chakudya choyenera komanso kusapezeka kwa adani achilengedwe, chiyembekezo chamoyo chikuwonjezeka ndipo amphaka ofiira amakhala mpaka zaka 14 mpaka 15.
• Chiwindi chachitali chidalembetsedwa ku zoo yaku America, adakhala zaka 19.
• Manja achinsinsi monga chiweto, nthawi yamoyoyo imafupikitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta posamalira.

Chiwerengero cha pandas ang'ono ndi ukapolo

Panda ya lalanje yalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mpaka anthu 10,000 alipo padziko lapansi. Komabe, mini-panda imamverera kuti ili mu ukapolo. Malowa 85 olembetsedwa padziko lapansi 350 nyamayomwe imaswana bwino m'malo opanga zinthu. Koma anthu akuchulukira pang'onopang'ono, nkhandwe zofiira zimabereka kamodzi pachaka, ndipo zinyalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ana 2.

Kodi nkotheka kutchera "Fire Fox"

Tsoka ilo, kugwirira ntchito kwa panda yaying'ono ngati ziweto kumachitika ku India ndi Nepal.Sikuti kunyoza kumeneku pokhudzana ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti pakhale nyengo yabwino kuti nyamayo ikhale panyumba, chifukwa chiyembekezo chamoyo cha ziweto zotere chimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuti tisunge mtunduwu padziko lapansi, ndikofunikira kusiya malingaliro opeza chiweto chotere. Ndikwabwino kusilira zolengedwa zokongola izi m'malo osungira nyama.