Nkhandwe ya Marsupial (nkhandwe ya Tasmanian, tilacin) (Thylacinus cynocephalus) ndi nyama yosowa, munthu yekhayo wa banja la aacacin.
Asananyamuke, mimbulu ya ku Tasmanian inali wamkulu kwambiri mwa zilombo zamasiku ano zodya nyama. Kumapeto kwa Pleistocene komanso kuyambika kwa Holocene, tilacin anali ofala ku Australia ndi New Guinea, koma m'mbuyomu nyama izi zimapezeka ku Tasmania kokha.
Kunja, nkhandwe ikumawoneka ngati galu wamkulu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima kumbuyo kwake. Kutalika kwa kufota kwa chirombo kumeneku kunali pafupifupi 60 cm; Anali ndi thupi lalitali, mutu wofanana ndi galu, khosi lalifupi, kubwerera kumbuyo, komanso miyendo yayifupi. Tilacin adasiyanitsidwa ndi galu ndi mchira wautali (mpaka 50 cm), wonenepa m'munsi, komanso utoto wa mikwingwirima yakuda kapena ya bulauni kumiyala yamchenga yachikasu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nkhandwe ya Tasmanian idatha kubindikira ngati ng'ona, ndikutsegula pakamwa pake ndi pafupifupi madigiri 120.
Mimbulu ya Marsupial inali yogwira ntchito mumdima. Masana, iwo amapumula pamalo a mapiri m'nkhalangomo, ndipo usiku ankasaka nyama komanso mapepala. Mwambiri, zambiri zokhudzana ndi machitidwe a tilacins zimakhala zikhalidwe. Amathamanga ambulansi, amatha kukhala kumbuyo ndi miyendo ndi kumbuyo kwawo, ngati kangaroo, kumalumphira mosavuta mita 2-3 mtsogolo. Mimbulu yaku Tasmanian imasaka yokha kapena awiriawiri, ndipo isanakhazikike ku Tasmania, azungu amadya posum, wallaby, bandicoots, makoswe, mbalame ndi tizilombo. Ngati nkhandwe ya marsupial inali yanjala kwambiri, ndiye kuti ikhoza kuthana ndi echidna, osawopa singano yake yakuthwa.
Ku Tasmania, anthu okhala ku malo okhala anali ambiri ndipo ambiri m'malo omwe anthu amakhala ndi nkhalango zowirira. Komabe, mu 30s ya XIX atumwi, kuchulukitsidwa kwa chirombo kumeneku kunayamba. Kuyambira m'masiku oyamba kumene Asilan, Asilacin atakhala olanda, adadziwika kuti ndi wopha nkhosa, amadziwika kuti ndi chinyama choopsa komanso chokhudza magazi. Anadzetsa mabvuto ambiri ndi kutayika kwa alimi, chifukwa amayendera abusa nthawi zonse ndikuwononga nyumba. Kusaka kunayambika, ndikulimbikitsidwa ndi akuluakulu am'deralo: mu 1830, nyama yophedwa idapeza mphotho Chifukwa cha kuwombera kosalamulirika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 70s za zana la XIX, mimbulu yam'madzi yotsalira yokha kumapiri ndi nkhalango za Tasmania. Ngakhale izi, mu 1888, boma lidakhazikitsa dongosolo lawokha la bonasi, ndipo nyama 2268 zidaphedwa mwazaka 21. Mapeto, limodzi ndi kusaka tilacin, mliri wa canine mliri wobweretsedwa ndi agalu ochokera kunja unatsogolera kutha kwa tilacin.
Nkhandwe yomaliza yagwidwa kumadzulo kwa Tasmania mu 1933 ndipo inamwalira ku Hobart Zoo mu 1936.
Mu 1999, Museum ya ku Australia ku Sydney idayesa kuyesa nkhandwe ya ku Tasmania pogwiritsa ntchito DNA ya mwana, ndipo idamwa mu 1866. Koma zidakwaniritsidwa kuti kukwaniritsa bwino ntchitoyi ndikofunikira kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zachilengedwe.
Ngakhale kuti mimbulu ya marsupial yakhala ikuonedwa ngati nyama zakutha, nthawi ndi nthawi pamakhala malipoti okhalapo kwa anthu pawokhapazokha ku Tasmania.
Chiyambidwe cha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe
Chithunzi: Marsupial Wolf
Nkhandwe yamakono ikuwonekera zaka 4 miliyoni zapitazo. Mitundu ya banja la Thylacinidae ndilochokera pachiyambidwe cha Miocene. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka zam'ma 1990, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya nyama zakale yapezeka m'malo ena a Lawn Hill National Park kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Queensland. Dixon's Marsupial Wolf (Nimbacinus dicksoni) ndiye wakale kwambiri mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yomwe yapezeka zaka 23 miliyoni zapitazo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake
Chithunzi: Marsupial, kapena woluka Tasmanian
Kufotokozera za nkhandwe ya marsupial kunapezeka kuchokera kuzosungidwa, mafosili, zikopa ndi zotsalira za mafupa, komanso zithunzi zakuda ndi zoyera ndi kujambula pa mafilimu akale. Nyamayo inkafanana ndi galu wamkulu wamfupi wokhala ndi mchira wolimba, womwe unatambasulidwa bwino m'thupi chimodzimodzi ndi kangaroo. Munthu wokhwima anali ndi kutalika kwa 100 mpaka 130 cm, kuphatikiza mchira wa 50 mpaka 65 cm. Panali pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Ziwombankhanga zonse zodziwika ku Australia za mimbulu yojambulidwa pa Hobart Zoo, Tasmania, koma pali mafilimu ena awiri opangidwa ku London Zoo. Tsitsi lofiirira lachikasu linali ndi mikwingwirima yakuda 15 mpaka 20 kumbuyo, kupindika komanso kumata kwa mchira, chifukwa chomwe adalandira dzina loti "tiger". Zingwezo zimatchulidwira mwa achichepere ndipo zimazimiririka nyama ikamakula. Imodzi mwa mikwingwirima yoyendetsedwa pansi pa ntchafu.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mimbulu ya Marsupial inali ndi nsagwada zolimba ndi mano 46, ndipo miyendo inali yokhala ndi zibwano zosatalika. Akazi, chikwama cha ana chinali kumbuyo kwa mchira ndipo chinali ndi khola loteteza khungu la mayi anayi.
Tsitsi la m'thupi lake linali loonda komanso lofewa, mpaka 15 mm kutalika. Utoto wake unkachokera kutuwa pang'ono mpaka bulauni, ndipo m'mimba mudali zonona. Makutu ozungulira, owongoka a nkhandwe ya marsupial anali pafupifupi 8 cm ndipo adakutidwa ndi ubweya wamfupi. Komanso anali ndi michira yolimba, yopindika komanso yopyapyala yokhala ndi tsitsi lalitali 24. Amakhala ndi zoyera pafupi ndi maso ndi makutu, komanso mozungulira mlomo wapamwamba.
Tsopano mukudziwa ngati marsupial yatha kapena ayi. Tiwone komwe nkhandwe ya Tasmanian imakhala.
Kodi nkhandwe ya marsupial inkakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mimbulu ya Marsupial
Nyamayi mwina inkakonda nkhalango zouma za bulugamu, zithaphwi ndi mitengo ku Australia. Zojambula za m'deralo ku Australia zikuwonetsa kuti tilacin ankakhala kudera lalikulu Australia ndi New Guinea. Umboni wopezeka kuti nyamayo ili kumtunda ndi mtembo woyamwa, womwe unapezeka m'phanga pachilumba cha Nullarbor mchaka cha 1990. Mapazi omwe aposedwa posachedwa ndikuwonetsanso mbiri yakale yogawana zamtunduwu pachilumba cha Kangaroo.
Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu woyamba wa mimbulu ya marsupial, yotchedwanso Tasmanian kapena tilacins, imafalikira:
- kumayiko ambiri Australia,
- Papua New Guinea
- kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Tasmania.
Mitundu iyi yatsimikiziridwa ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana m'mapanga, monga zomwe zidapezedwa ndi Wright mu 1972, ndi mafupa omwe ma radiocarbon adayamba zaka 180. Ndikudziwika kuti Tasmania idakhalabe mimbulu yomaliza ya mimbulu yolusa, komwe idasakidwa mpaka idasowa.
Ku Tasmania, adakonda mabwinja ndi malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja, omwe pamapeto pake adakhala gawo lalikulu la okhala ku Britain kufunafuna msipu wa ziweto zawo. Mtundu wamizeremizere, womwe umadzibisalira m'nkhalango, pamapeto pake unakhala njira yayikulu yodziwitsira nyamayo. Nkhandwe ya Marsupial inali ndi mtundu wamba wanyumba kuyambira 40 mpaka 80 km².
Kodi nkhandwe ya marsupial imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tasmanian Marsupial Wolf
Mimbulu ya ku Marsupial inali carnivores. Mwina nthawi ina mtundu wina wa nyama zomwe ankadya zinali wamba zamtundu wa emu. Ichi ndi mbalame yayikulu, yosawuluka yomwe idagawana malo okhala nkhandwe ndipo idawonongedwa ndi anthu ndi olusa omwe adabwera nazo cha m'ma 1850, zomwe zidagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa tilacin. Anthu ochokera ku Europe amakhulupirira kuti nkhandwe yoweta marsupial imasaka nkhosa ndi mbalame za alimi.
Kufufuza mitundu ingapo ya mafupa a chotupa cha tasmanian, zotsalira zinaonedwa:
Zinapezeka kuti nyama zimangodya ziwalo zina zathupi. Pankhani imeneyi, nthano idatulukapo kuti iwo amakonda kumwa magazi. Komabe, ziwalo zina za nyamazo zinkadyedwanso ndi nkhandwe ya marsupial, monga mafuta ochokera ku chiwindi ndi impso, minyewa yammphuno komanso minofu ina. .
Chochititsa chidwi: M'zaka za m'ma 1900, nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti amamwa magazi. Malinga ndi a Robert Paddle, kutchuka kwa nkhaniyi kumawoneka kuti kukuchokera ku nkhani yachiwiri yokha yomwe a Jeffrey Smith (1881-1916) ali mgulu la abusa.
Katswiri wina waku Australia adapezamo nkhandwe ya marsupial yodzaza ndi mafupa, kuphatikiza zomwe zinali za nyama zam'minda monga ng'ombe ndi nkhosa. Zakhala zikuchitidwa umboni kuti m'tchire nyama yam'madziyi imangodya zomwe zimapha, ndipo sizidzabwerenso kumalo opha anthu. Ali mu ukapolo, mimbulu yam'madzi amadya nyama.
Kusanthula kapangidwe ka mafupa ndi kuwona nkhandwe ya m'madzi ogwidwa ukapolo zikuwonetsa kuti uku ndikulondola kuzunza nyama. Ankakonda kupatula nyama inayake ndi kuithamangitsa mpaka itamaliza. Komabe, alenje akumaloko akuti adayang'ana kusaka nyama yomwe ikubisalira. Nyama mwina zimasakidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pomwe gulu lalikulu likuyendetsa nyamayo mbali inayake, pomwe munthu woukirayo amadikirira.
Mawonekedwe a machitidwe ndi moyo wawo
Chithunzi: Chithunzi cha ku Australia cha Marsupial Wolf
Mukuyenda, mmbulu wamphongo umatsika mutu, ngati galu wapaulendo posaka fungo, ndikuima mwadzidzidzi kuyang'ana chilengedwe ndi mutu wake. Mu malo osungira nyama, nyama izi ndizomvera anthu kwambiri ndipo sizinalole chidwi ndi anthu omwe amayeretsa maselo. Zomwe zikusonyeza kuti iwo achititsidwa khungu ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Nthawi zambiri nthawi yayitali kwambiri masana, anthu akwawo amabwerera kunyumba zawo, komwe anagona ngati agalu.
Ponena za kayendedwe, mu 1863 adalembedwa ngati nkhandwe yachikazi ya Tasmanian popanda khama lalikulu adadumphadumpha pamwamba pamata a chitunda chake, mpaka kutalika kwa 2-2,5 m mlengalenga. Loyamba linali kuyenda koyenda, zolengedwa zambiri zoyamwitsa, pomwe miyendo yakugundana imasuntha modabwitsa, koma mimbulu ya Tasmanian inali yosiyana kuti anagwiritsa ntchito mwendo wonse, kulola chidendene chotalikirapo kuti chigwire pansi. Njirayi sioyenera kuthamanga kwenikweni. Mimbulu ya Marsupial idawonedwa ikutuluka mozungulira miyendo yawo pomwe mapilo awo amangogwira pansi. Nyamayi nthawi zambiri inkayimilira miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwake, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchira wake moyenera.
Chosangalatsa: Pakhala zolembedwa zingapo zomwe zawopseza anthu. Izi zidachitika pomwe mimbulu yolondolera ikuwombedwa kapena kupindika. Zinadziwika kuti anali ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Tilacin anali mlenje usiku ndi wamadzulo amene amaswera masana m'mapanga ang'onoang'ono kapena mitengo ikuluikulu yopanda chisa mu nthambi, makungwa, kapena fern. Masana ankakonda kuthawira kumapiri ndi m'nkhalango, ndipo usiku ankasaka. Owona koyambirira adawona kuti nyamayi imakonda kuchita manyazi komanso kubisala, podziwa kukhalapo kwa anthu ndipo, monga lamulo, pewani kuyanjana, ngakhale nthawi zina inkawonetsa zinthu zosangalatsa. Panthawiyo, panali tsankho lalikulu pankhani yokhudza "nkhanza" ya chirombo ichi.
Ndipo amapereka kuti aziwonera makanema awiri.
Nkhandwe yomaliza ya Tasmanian (marsupial) inamwalira mu 1936. Dzina lake anali Benjamini, adasungidwa kumalo osungira nyama ku Hobart. Kuyambira pamenepo, "chinyama chodabwitsa kwambiri ku Australia" chakhala chikuwonetsedwa kuti chitha. Komabe, pazaka 80 zapitazi, malipoti adanenedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti munthu wina adawona nkhandwe ya ku Tasmania m'nkhalango zowirira za Tasmania ndi madera ena aku Australia. Mu Seputembala 2016, gulu la okonda chidwi lidatsitsimutsanso chiyembekezo choti chilombocho chinali chamoyo: adayika mavidiyo awiri pamaneti, omwe, mwina, amawonetsa nkhandwe ya Tasmanian.
Kanema woyamba, yemwe akuti adawombera chaka chino, akuwonetsa chithunzi cholakwika cha chirombo chofanana ndi nkhandwe yam'madzi m'dera la Adelaide Hills kumwera kwa Australia. Kanema wachiwiri akuwonetsa chinyama chonga galu ku Victoria.
Mmbulu wa ku Tasmanian kapena marsupial kapena tilacin ndi nyama yakuthengo, yokha mwa banja la nkhandwe. Dzina loti "genyl" Thylacinus limatanthawuza "galu wosinthasintha." Mu Chingerezi, nyamayi imatchedwa "Tasmanian tiger", ngakhale, mwanjira iyi, iyi si nthenga: kungokhala mchira ndi pansi pa afisi panali mikwingwirima yakuda.
Bungwe la Thylacine Awareness Group, lomwe lidasindikiza makanemawo, likuwonetsa mikwingwirima yakuda ndi michira yowonekera ya nyama zolembedwa kale, zomwe titha kungonena kuti tili ndi mimbulu yolusa patsogolo pathu.
“Ino si galu. Izi si nkhandwe. Izi sizachidziwikire kuti si kangaroo. Uwu ndi tilacin, "adalemba a Neil Waters, woyambitsa wa Thylacine Awareness Group pa Facebook.
Akatswiri adakayikira kwambiri, ponena kuti sizonse zomwe zikuwonekera bwino ndi mavidiyowo. "Ndikuganiza kuti izi sizingachitike," akutero Katherine Kemper wa Museum yaku South Australia.
Misonkhano ndi mimbulu yoluka ku Victoria kapena ku Adelaide Hills ndizokayikitsa kwambiri, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti a Tilacins adamwalira ku Australia zaka 2000 zapitazo.
Jonathan Downs, yemwe amayambitsa bungwe la Britain lomwe limaphunzira nyama zodabwitsa monga yeti, watumiza maulendo atatu mtsogolo mwa nkhandwe ya Tasmanian kuyambira 2013. Maakaunti aona ndi maso okha omwe adapezeka. “Ndikhala wokondwa kwambiri ngati pakhala kuwombera kotsimikizika. Koma makanema awiriwa si amenewo. Satsimikizira chilichonse, "Downs adatero poyankhulana ndi The National Post.
"Tsoka ilo, zitsanzo za DNA zimafunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe. Zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nkhani yomwe ikutsimikizira kuti nkhandwe ya ku Tasmania idakhalako - ndipo ndikutsimikiza kuti ilipo - nkhani ya nyama yomwe idagwera pamsewu, "akutero. "Ponena za nyama zodabwitsa zonse, ndimakhulupirira kuti kupezeka kwa nkhandwe ya ku Tasmanian ndiyotheka kwambiri."
Komabe, Neil Waters, amalimbikitsa okayikira kuchokera kwa asayansi kuti asatsutse, koma kuti athandize: "Sayansi imafuna mtembo kapena zitsanzo za thupi ... Koma tikunena - tithandizeni, chonde!"
Kapangidwe ka anthu ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Tasmanian Marsupial Wolf
Mimbulu ya Tasmanian inali nyama zobisalira, ndipo mawonekedwe awo akukhwima sanali kumveka bwino. Gulu limodzi lokha la mimbulu yaimuna ndi yayikazi yomwe anagwidwa kapena kuphedwa limodzi. Izi zidapangitsa asayansi kuganiza kuti amangopeza matanga, ndipo kwa ena onse anali odyera ena. Komabe, izi zitha kuwonetseranso kukhala ndi mkazi mmodzi.
Chosangalatsa: Mimbulu ya Marsupial kamodzi kokha idagwira mu ukapolo ku Melbourne Zoo mu 1899. Nthawi yomwe amakhala kutchire ndi zaka 5 kapena 7, ngakhale anali mu ukapolo zitsanzozo zidatsalira zaka 9.
Ngakhale pali zambiri zazing'ono pamakhalidwe awo, zimadziwika kuti nthawi iliyonse, osaka amatenga ana agulu ambiri amayi awo mu Meyi, Julayi, Ogasiti ndi Sepemba. Malinga ndi akatswiri, nthawi yobereketsa imatenga pafupifupi miyezi 4 ndipo idagawidwa ndi kusiyana kwa miyezi iwiri. Amayesedwa kuti mayiyo adayamba kukwatirana pakugwa ndipo amalandiranso zinyalala zachiwiri atasiya koyamba. Olemba ena akuwonetsa kuti kubadwa kumatha kuchitika mosalekeza pachaka chonse, koma kumakhala kolowerera m'miyezi yachilimwe (Disembala-Marichi). Nthawi ya kubereka siyidziwika.
Akalulu amtundu wamkazi amayesetsa kwambiri kulera ana awo. Kunalembedwa kuti nthawi yomweyo iwo amatha kusamalira ana 3-4 omwe amayiwo anawanyamula m'thumba, moyang'anizana kumbuyo, mpaka osathanso kukhala pamenepo. Omwe anali ocheperako anali opanda tsitsi komanso khungu, koma maso awo anali otseguka. Achichepere anali omamatira kumiyendo yake inayi. Amakhulupilira kuti ana adakhalabe ndi amayi awo mpaka atakula osachepera ndipo atakulungidwa ndi ubweya nthawi imeneyi.
Adani achilengedwe a mimbulu yapamadzi
Chithunzi: Wild Marsupial Wolf
Mwa nyama zonse zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi ku dera la Australia, malo okhala anali akulu kwambiri. Inalinso imodzi yosaka bwino kwambiri komanso yosaka bwino. Mimbulu ya Tasmanian, yomwe chiyambi chake chimakhala chisanafike nthawi zamakedzana, idawonedwa ngati imodzi mwa nyama zomwe zimadya kwambiri nkhomaliro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kusaka nyama iyi asanafike anthu aku Europe.
Ngakhale izi, akwati adasankhidwa kuti atha chifukwa chakusaka popanda anthu. Kusaka kopatsa ndalama kwa boma kumayesedwa mosavuta pakupulumuka mbiri yakale yosakira nyama. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kuphedwa kwa zomwe anthu amati ndi "zoyipa zoyipa" kunasesa pafupifupi anthu onse. Mpikisano wochokera kwa anthu adabweretsa mitundu yolowera monga agalu a dingo, nkhandwe ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimapikisana ndi mitundu yakadalo kuti zizipeza chakudya. Kuwonongeka kotere kwa mimbulu ya Tasmanian kukakamiza nyamayo kuti isinthe. Izi zinapangitsa kuti gulu lina lanyama lodabwitsa kwambiri ku Australia lithe.
Chidwi chochititsa chidwi: Kafukufuku wa 2012 adawonetsanso kuti ngati sikunakhale koyambitsa mliri, kuchepa kwa nkhandwe ya marsupial kukanapeweratu, ndikuchedwa kuchedwa.
Zotheka kuti zinthu zingapo zinayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndikutha kutha, kuphatikiza mpikisano ndi agalu olusa omwe anakhazikitsidwa ndi nzika zaku Europe, kukokoloka kwa malo okhala, kutheratu kwa nthawi yomweyo kwamtundu wa zilombo, komanso matenda omwe anakhudza nyama zambiri ku Australia.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu
Chithunzi: Otsiriza a Marsupials
Nyamayi idasowa kwambiri pofika kumapeto kwa 1920s. Mu 1928, a Tasmanian Advisory Committee on Local Fauna adalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okhala ngati Savage River National Park kuteteza anthu otsala, omwe angathe kukhala malo oyenera. Nkhandwe yomalizira yodziwika yomwe idaphedwa kuthengo idawomberedwa mchaka cha 1930 ndi a Wilf Betty, mlimi wa ku Maubanna kumpoto chakumadzulo.
Chochititsa chidwi: Mmbulu womaliza wokhala ndi marsupial, wotchedwa "Benjamin", adagwidwa mumsampha ku Florentine Valley ndi Elias Churchill mu 1933 ndipo adatumizidwa ku Hobart Zoo, komwe adakhala zaka zitatu. Adamwalira pa Seputembara 7, 1936. Izi zimalimbikitsa kujambula kopitilira muyeso wa filimu yakanema: 62-yachiwiri yakuda ndi yoyera.
Ngakhale atasaka kangapo, palibe umboni wotsimikiza womwe wapezeka womwe umapitilizabe kuthengo. Pakati pa 1967 mpaka 1973, katswiri wa zochizira nyama D. Griffith ndi mlimi wa mkaka D. Mulley adafufuza mosakaika, kuphatikizapo kafukufuku wofulumira m'mphepete mwa Tasmania, kukhazikitsidwa kwa makamera odziwikiratu, kufufuza kwa zomwe zanenedwe, ndi gulu lofufuzira zofufuzira za nkhandwe ya marsupial zidapangidwa mu 1972 ndi Dr. Bob Brown, yemwe sanapeze umboni woti adakhalako.
Nkhandwe ya Marsupial anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi nyama zomwe zili pangozi mu Buku Lofiyira mpaka zaka za 1980s. Miyezo yapadziko lonse panthawiyo idawonetsa kuti chinyama sichitha kulengezedwa mpaka zitatha zaka 50 popanda umboni wotsimikizika. Popeza zaka zopitilira 50 sizinalandire umboni wotsimikizira kuti nkhandwe imakhalapo, mawonekedwe ake adayamba kuchita izi. Chifukwa chake, mitunduyi idalengezedwa kuti yatha ndi International Union for Conservation of Natural mu 1982 ndi boma la Tasmania mu 1986. Mitunduyi idaphatikizidwa ndi Appendix I on Endangered Species of Wild Fauna (CITES) mu 2013.